bad

The great debate about whether iOS is safer than Android, myths and realities of ‘Breaking Bad’ and much more in 1×09 crossover

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Can anyone manufacture your own drugs How did it happen in ‘Breaking Bad’? To tell us about the myths and realities of that series and many other things, he has accompanied us In this 1×09 crossover A very special guest: Breaking Vlad. This well -known scientific disseminator is also an original content creator because of his way of talking about chemical experiments, and in the interview we have been able to do, he answers striking questions about the radiation of phones or about the future of hydrogen cars. Presented as sowing by Jaume Lahoz and Carlos Santa Engracia, in this episode the collaboration of Xataka serves to reactivate an old and controversial debate: If iOS is safer than Android. Both platforms have been really reliable for a long time, and perhaps the problem, as the interview reveals, is another. It is also necessary to separate that debate from another in which Apple does take advantage of Google. One thing is security – things are balanced – and another very different privacy, where Apple’s business model – which is not focused on advertising – allows the company to give more guarantees. In 1×09 crossover there is also a place to make a fun debate about false news that we have seen these days – a Chromecast with integrated Tinder? -, and as we always expect your comments and ideas to improve in upcoming episodes. Enjoy it! On YouTube | Crossover

Good news, the solar system has a new minor planet. Bad news, it’s so far that appears every 25,000 years

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The International Astronomical Union has added a new celestial body to its Minor planet catalog: The Transneptunian object 2017 of201. The solar system has a new member. 2017 of201 has been officially recognized as a minor planet, but has many ballots to end also cataloged as a dwarf planet. This icy world, which orbits much beyond Neptune, in the dark depths of the solar system, was in file data since 2011, but 19 exhibitions were needed over seven years to be able to analyze and classify it as appropriate. What makes this transneptunian object a fascinating world are two things: its incredibly extensive orbit and its considerable size. The new minor planet takes approximately 25,000 years to take a single round to the sun. A distant and not so dwarf planet. At its closest point to our star (the perihelium of its orbit), it approaches about 44.9 astronomical units, a distance similar to that of Pluto. But at its furthest point (its apelium) it ventures to amazing 1,600 UA. To get an idea, Neptune, the planet known more distant to the sun, orbits about 30 UA of our star. The estimates of astronomer Sihao Cheng and his team of Advanced Studies Institute They suggest that 2017 of201 has a diameter of about 700 kilometers. This would place it in the same league as The Dwarf Planet Ceresthe largest object of the asteroid belt (with about 952 km in diameter). In fact, if we judge it for the light that reflects your body, it is the second largest object known In such a wide orbit and eccentric. What if there were others like him? The existence of 2017 of201 suggests that the region of the solar system beyond the Kuiper belt, which was thought relatively empty, I might not be so much. The transneptunian object is currently 90.5, from us. Since it is only detectable for approximately 0.5% of its orbital time, when it is close to its perihelium, there could be hundreds of similar objects, with orbits and similar sizes, waiting to be discovered. This hidden population could add a total mass close to 1% of the dough of the earth, they estimate Cheng and its team. It takes us away from the planet nine. Many extreme transneptunian objects tend to coincide in their perihelium lengths, a phenomenon that some astronomers want to attribute to the gravitational influence of A mass planet not yet discovered: The planet nine. However, the 2017 of201 perihelium length is 306 degrees, which is significantly diverted from the 60 degree group observed in other objects. This orbital peculiarity Challenge the planet models nine. If the planet nine would exist, it would make 2017 of201 expelled from the solar system in relatively short time scales, of hundreds of millions of years, according to the study of IAS. You just lack a name. Already officially member of the Solar System, 2017 of201 is pending to receive a name with more hook. However, its discovery is already providing clues about the origins of the solar system and the dynamics of its most remote confines. What most excites the scientific community is that its discovery was possible thanks to open data, publicly available through the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (Decals) project of the Víctor M. Blanco telescope and the Canada-France-French telescope (CFHT). Image | NASA/JPL-CALTECH, SIHAO CHENG et al. In Xataka | Planet’s definition is wrong, and Pluto is the great victim of that chaos

Buying a Bad Bunny ticket is easier than reserving a Madrid-Vigo. So Galicia already plans to denounce Renfe

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You enter the application and everything is busy. There is no option to opt for another time slot. Touch wait, put the alarm and try tomorrow again. We do not talk about the nth battle to reserve a class in a gym too saturated, we talk about what Galician users who intend to reserve a Renfe train and check with stupor how You can’t do it two months in view. Or, in the worst case, how they can never do it. The entrance of the dynamic prices He has caused many travelers to be in the position of not knowing what will happen with a trip. With numerous discomforts when booking tickets. With the confirmation that each trip is a battle to free from the phone. Especially when we talk about complicated dates such as summer or Christmas holidays. And that’s why Galicia’s Xunta threatens to denounce Renfe. Some tickets impossible to buy This happens because there is “a monopoly position.” This is how Diego Calvo has defined, Ministry of Presidency, Xustiza and Deportes de Galicia the situation in which they are living with Renfe. A situation that is born, in his words, for an “abuse of domain” that “prevents Galicians from planning trips.” This situation derives from the fight involved in seats since the dynamic prices that is, those who fluctuate depending on the availability and demand. Faced with the fear that prices are triggered, users try to reserve the train squares as soon as possible and these are exhausted in a very short time Two months seen. The company itself warns of this On its website But the problem is especially serious when dates indicated as festivities, holidays or Christmas. First because high demand triggers prices and because, second, days or hours apart you can make you buy the same ticket at a much higher price. That, if you can buy it. As the temporal limit is blocked two months after Buy tickets for a Bad Bunny concert. What they denounce from the Xunta is that its citizens are being harmed because while other parts of Spain can be chosen between Iryo, Ouigo or Renfe, the latter only circulates. This is not only a problem for prices, it is also a problem for which it looks like an insufficient number of places offered. Therefore, they have commissioned the Galician commission to compete with a report in which it is analyzed if Renfe is using an “abusive behavior” by preventing long -term tickets and emphasizing, in words collected by ABCthat from Renfe they have not “justified the reasons for these conditions.” The argument of the Xunta is that Renfe is contravening the Law of Defense of the 2007 Competition by preventing long -term bills from reserving because “it lacks an objective economic justification.” In The voice of Galicia The problem has echoed a long time, pointing out that users feel irritated and mistreated. Photo | Marcelo In Xataka | The center of Madrid is the last battle of Renfe and Ouigo: he wants to leave from Atocha and only Renfe has the approval

The bad news is that the oxygen of the Earth has an expiration date. The good is that we will not be here to see it

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We can breathe calm. Also the grandchildren of our grandchildren’s grandchildren. But the oxygen that supports complex life on Earth will not be eternal. Our oxygen -rich atmosphere has approximately one billion years. So, the change will be drastic. A rapid dexygenation. An international study published in Nature Geoscience Details the calculations. After making more than 400,000 simulations on the geological and biological evolution of our planet, Japanese and American scientists came to the conclusion that the Earth will experience rapid dexygenation that will return it to an atmospheric state similar to that of the archaic land of about 2.5 billion years ago. What the sun gives you, the sun takes it away. Until recently, the scientific community estimated the life expectancy of the Earth’s biosphere in another 2,000 million years, when global warming at geological time scales leads to the evaporation of the oceans. But this new model projects a different scenario. According to researchers, the increase in solar radiation will intensify the cycle of carbonates and silicates. This will cause a drastic decrease in carbon dioxide concentrations. With less co₂, photosynthetic organisms such as plants, the main oxygen producers, will die. The result: a vertiginous fall of atmospheric oxygen. If perhaps, anaerobic life will remain. With a millionth of the oxygen we have today, complex life forms will be extinguished long before the oceans boil and the planet is left without surface water. For the vast majority of life forms, whose metabolism depends on oxygen, this will be the end of the road. The model indicates that deoxygenation It will happen at 1,080 million years (with a deviation of ± 140 million years). By then, the earth’s atmosphere will be radically different, with high levels of methane, low carbon dioxide levels, and a total absence of ozone layer. With luck, it will be a world of anaerobic life forms. And what is this data for us. Although we will not affect us, nor the grandchildren of our grandchildren’s grandchildren, the study, funded by the Nexus for Exoplanet System Science Science project of NASA, has important implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. It suggests that an oxygenated atmosphere is not a permanent characteristic of habitable worlds. Oxygen, and its photochemical by -product, ozone, are two of the biofirms that seek space agencies in exoplanets. If the oxygen rich atmosphere of the Earth will last between 20 and 30% of the total life of the planet, other planets similar to the Earth could now have weakly oxygenated or anxic atmospheres. The search for life beyond our solar system will have to expand its scope to other biological firms. Image | POT In Xataka | 20 years of changes in the biosphere of the earth summarized in a wonderful 4K video of only two minutes

Selling a second -hand electric car is a very bad idea. Unless your car is an xiaomi su7

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The second -hand electric car It is worth little money. Very little money really and much less than that of a combustion car. Something that makes sense if we take into account how technology progresses and the speed with which electric cars are outdated. This maelstrom in which the market lives has caused some rental companies to have lost a lot of money with the electric car. The case of Hertz and Tesla It is representative of how a brand can be a shelter value For a while and collapse in the second -hand market in a very short time if she herself decides to lower prices or competitors begin to launch important innovations. Xiaomi is living that moment Tesla. And, therefore, it is the company with the highest residual value in its vehicles. A value so high that it pales that of the rest of the manufacturers, including Europeans, and that has its reason for being in high demand and novelty. Xiaomi is living its moment Tesla The electric car market, although already giant in China, is still a relatively new market. That causes some distortions such as the one that Xiaomi is living or the one that Tesla herself has lived for years. To give some examples of the impact that some brands can have. Elon Musk’s company has gone so ahead of the competition that in Europe has come to have market quotas greater than 10% A few months ago, an extremely high figure considering that it competes with four cars and only two of them are available to the general public. That fever for getting a Tesla has left us curious photographs. So much that before a broken supplies chain, there would be who will pay a surcharity in front of a new car for getting a second -hand tesla in the semi -new market. Or that the tesla cybertruck was for months the car More than 100,000 euros best selling of the United States. But it has also shown us why these types of situations have occurred. The value of Tesla in the second -hand market fell when the supplies chain was balanced and the company itself began to Apply aggressive discounts to maintain its market share in the face of competitions. Also when The cybertruck bubble went unblog And the demand seemed satiated. They are two phenomena that explain why the Xiaomi Su7 is the Chinese electric car that loses the lower a year. In fact, according to the Chinese Chinese Automobile Association, retains 88.7% of its value after a year. It is a spectacular figure to which, among Western vehicles, only Tesla Model X (77.8%) and Model 3 (75.3%) can shade in China. With 71.2% value retention, the Tesla Model and sneaks among the 10 electric cars that retain the most value in China. Form, next to their brothers, the only Western electric cars that enter into this section. Behind Xiaomi, Li Auto occupies the second and third position with the M9 and the Mega. It is surprising that Not a single byd car between the list Of the electric cars that retain the most value a year but it makes sense if we serve the brands we find in the list. Xiaomi, Li Auto, Tesla and Smart (which sneaks as seventh) are brands considered premium in in the Asian country. But there is another component, any of those companies have a smaller production or offer than that of the Chinese giant byd. Who looks for a “affordable” tesla has two options and four in the total of its range. Li auto only has five options. Smart is growing its offer. Xiaomi has only one vehicle. To keep in mind what price difference exists with Western companies, Volkswagen, Ford and Kia lose half of their value in a single year. None of them retains more than 53% of the same past for a year. The European company that best yields Porsche (69%), followed by Mercedes (59%). Xiaomi fever has been so high that demand has surpassed supply. He has done it with the entire range, from its basic street versions to the most powerful and radical that added a volume of reserves in 10 minutes according to its entire annual production. That excessive demand prevents the car from falling on price in the second -hand market and that, in specific cases, shoots at the price. To this we must add that the Chinese market is turning with local companies. Li Auto and Xiaomi are seen as companies that offer the latest technology and that are A step ahead of the western ones to which they only see as combustion cars brands that Electrified versions put on the market. That need to feel something new or something different and more advanced in the electric car has led the country to create the label of “Smart Electric Car” Because users feel the need to differentiate between electric cars “for day to day” or that offer a connected experience but similar to the one we experience in the West and those that offer more advanced options such as a better quality semi -autonomous conduction. That unstoppable advance of the industry (more advanced cars in autonomous driving, recharges to ever views, battery changes in stations …) Slop the price of electricity in the second -hand market because they cause premature obsolescence and put obstacles to companies that cannot play at that rate. In that market, the best news is to be a young company, with a very reduced offer that has managed to create a very high expectation for a model. Photo | Xiaomi In Xataka | 400 kilometers loads in five minutes of ByD are as impressive as it is not very useful. At least they think of Mercedes

Obssing with losing weight is a very bad idea to lose weight. Luckily, science has many more effective

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A young doctor appears before his boss and, although he does not say it out loud, he thinks “the last time I was in front of him, I swept at least a liter. But now I’m going to sweat at least ten, that guy will find out what is to sweat!” Then, do not sweat a drop. It is not fiction, it is A real case collected by psychiatrist Viktor Frankl In 1994. He did to explain that many times our fears, objectives and intentions play against us. And yes, we are talking about losing weight. Against us? It’s as if, for using A metaphor of another psychologists (Steven C. Hayes)“We fell into a deep hole and the only thing we had to go out was with a shovel. As we don’t know very well what to do and we despair, we started using the shovel.” The result, despite working day and night, is that we are deeper than before. What in the background tells us a good number of psychologists (from Logotherapists to Specialists in acceptance and commitment) is that we are so culturally attached to certain behavioral strategies that, although they are not useful, we cannot get rid of them. The obsession with “losing weight” is a problem. And yes, obsession is the word. In Spain, where 52% of the adult population presents overweight or obesity, seven out of ten people (72%) They have tried to lose weight at least once in their life. In fact, According to the Mapfre Foundation datathey have done it, on average, about seven times. That leads to “53% of Spaniards has ever followed a popular or miracle diet with the aim of losing weight.” It is not an accident; It is the consequence of what I commented: in the popular imaginary, the way of losing weight is that. That is to say, In words Giuseppe Russolillopresident of the Spanish Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, “the population is not fully aware that the methods that use weight losing are extremes and can put their health at risk and that the recovery of the lost weight is frequent.” And what can we do? The first is to banish false myths. Sï, obesity is a health problem; but Not so clear that overweight is in general terms. “The life expectancy of people overweight is not less than that of Normopeso”, He told us Juan Ramón BarradaProfessor at the University of Zaragoza. Many ideas that we have above all this and that we use to justify our behaviors, are still disciplinary stories. That does not mean that health is not important. It means that many of those ideas about overweight, health and beauty are cultural strategies equivalent to getting to cabin being inside a well. So? There are no scientific knowledge that can help us? “From what we can extract from current investigations, there are three tips that can be given to anyone: Eat healthyexercise and Accept your body. Today, everything is reduced to weight loss, “he continued Barrada. Therefore, “we must be clear that stigmatizing people overweight or obesity such as ‘vague’ or ‘lack of will’ is to promote suffering” unjustified. And do it with ourselves too. Luckily, as Barrada pointed out, there is another way of doing things. Image | I Yunmai In Xataka | The scientific reason why miracle diets do not work is

To the Odyssey of Virtual Tails and Surprise Concerts, Bad Bunny’s entries added one more difficulty: dynamic prices

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Last week, Bad Bunny presale the Tickets for your next concerts in Spain. And chaos unleashed: virtual lines of hundreds of thousands of people, Falls from the Ticketmaster servers and, to add confusion, announcements of new concerts of the star, which reached a total of twelve over the three initials. Above all this, upward oscillations in ticket prices. Or what is the same: dynamic prices. What are dynamic prices? It is one Price setting strategy in which the cost of a product or service fluctuates based on market demand, consumer behavior, competition and other factors. They are adjusted in real time or at regular intervals, using algorithms and data analysis. It is a system that was known before in sectors such as transport, particularly The aviationbut that Live Nation, the promoter owner of Ticketmaster, has also adopted for her events. And there were for Bad Bunny? Live Nation Call your tickets With dynamic price Platinum tickets. The base price for tickets Bad Bunny’s cheaper started from 73.30 euros plus 10 management expenses for the highest areas of the enclosure. The most exclusive, such as VIP packages, reached 543.30 euros more than 72.50 expenses. Many users reported Very significant increases: 300 euros They duplicate the price In minutes. The cheapest seats cost more than € 500 in a matter of minutes, and in resale It was requested up to € 1,000 Chaos everywhere. At 12.45, a quarter of an hour before the pre -sale of the three initially planned concerts began, The Ticketmaster website He fell due to the very high demand. When the official time arrived, accessing the tickets was impossible. The demand was such that Bad Bunny announced, in successive hours, more concerts. In addition to those who were announced the next day are a total of twelve, all distributed between Madrid and Barcelona. It is absolutely unusual and a very unusual practice in events of this type, which lead to such a noticeable previous planning. Where this begins. In the early last decade, Ticketmaster began experimenting with dynamic prices, system which he launched in 2011. Over the years the practice was settled, and became a norm for the great events with the paradigm shift that postpandymia supposed. On his 2022 tour, Bruce Springsteen put him into practice and popularized dynamic prices, turning them into the new normality. Consequence: some entries of your tour of that year 5,000 dollars came to cost. End the resale. On paper, the intention of Ticketmaster (later absorbed by Live Nation) is to fight the second -hand black market. However, and how It has been analyzed in depthit is a practice that disproportionately benefits ticket sales and harms fans, as seen with the Lighting Reaction in Networks Because of concerts in Spain. It is not the first time: to the aforementioned protests on the springsteen tour we can add the fury that triggered The Oasis meeting, where in a few hours the original prices of the entries, or cases similar to Bad Bunny in Spain with Artists like Pearl Jam, Adele or AC/DC. The rebels. There are artists who have declared themselves against dynamic prices, Like The Cure, Neil Young or, very significantly, Taylor Swift. Of course, this attitude has earned everyone Notable clashes With Ticketmaster and Live Nation. The accusations of these and other monopoly practices artists (since, de factoLive Nation and Ticketmaster They control in the US The live events industry, with 60% of concert promotions in the main rooms of the country and about 80% of the main ticket sale) led to A demand of the country’s department of justice against the company for monopoly. The concert business. This behavior of Live Nation affects alone, it is true, the part of the live events, but in recent years the concerts have become the most profitable nucleus of the music business. As we counted a few days ago, concerts They are increasingly mastodonticwith a profitability out of any doubt. In Spain in 2024, live music entered 25.32% more than the previous year, 725.6 million euros. This upward traction is only possible in terms of great events and concerts in giant enclosures. There is a but. Although everything has a counterpart: the income of the concerts increased by number 8.7 %, but the average gross income by show fell 6.9 %, According to Pollstarand the average number of tickets sold by show decreased by 14.9 %. That is, it is not that people go to concerts more, it is that in just one year the tickets rose notoriously in price. Something that is only possible with strategies that do not have the public’s approval, such as dynamic prices. A real bubble of increasing prices and diminishing patiences. Header | Madrid wanted to make Bernabéu a new concerts. Aitana has given the tip to her plans

What if we are doing the bad intermittent fasting? Some experts propose to focus only on carbohydrates

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Losing weight is not as simple as subjecting our body to a caloric deficit. Diets based on ingesting less calories than our body consumes work well in some contexts, but their medium and long term effects are limited by our metabolism and by our own constancy. That is why the intermittent fasting It has become one of the most popular diets for those who want to lose weight. Question of alternatives. Now, a group of researchers He has found A way to make these more affordable diets. The idea is based on making this diet less restrictive, limiting only carbohydrate intake in the days of temporarily limiting our caloric intake. Intermittent caloric restriction. Diets based on intermittent caloric restriction, which we often refer to as intermittent fasting Although they do not always imply fasting, they are based on limiting our food intake over time. There are different strategies to perform this fast, such as fasting 5: 2, in which we severely restrict the calories we eat for two days and eat normally the rest of the week. To understand the usefulness of This type of diets We have to remember how our metabolism, in an eagerness to protect ourselves from scarcity, can limit the success that conventional caloric restriction when weight loss. And our body reacts when we give less food, limiting our energy consumption to save resources, which ends up implying that when we ingest less calories, in the medium term our body also ends up consuming less energy. Cardiometabolic health. According to Adam Collins, co -author of the new study and researcher at the University of Surrey, In an article for The conversationintermittent fasting has an added advantage. It is about improving our “metabolic flexibility” since it allows us to balance the energy sources that our body, carbohydrates and fat reserves. This in turn implies a lower risk of problems such as cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. The new study signed by Collins and his team sought to inquire about the reasons why this improvement in our metabolism is given when we follow this diet. Since these types of diets focus on the idea that our body goes from using carbohydrates as a source of energy to consume fats, the team decided to study the implications of a limited carbohydrate restriction over time. 12 participants. The 12 participants In the study, overweight or obesity adults, they passed for two days of separate food restriction for five days of “rest.” One of the restriction days, the participants consumed a low diet in hydrates, while the other day they consumed a diet based on the chlorical reduction (consuming 75% less calories with respect to what would be common). The days following the restriction day the participants consumed a high ration in fats and sugars. What the team observed is that both diet forms showed similar results in each type of diet. The details of the study have been Published in an article In the magazine European Journal of Nutrition. Looking for answers. As explained by the team responsible for the analysis, new studies will be necessary to better understand this relationship and to strengthen this notion with a broader population. The team emphasizes that each of the diets (carbohydrate restriction and temporary restriction) entail Your own problemsbut perhaps combining them allows us to make these more bearable diets and with it more affordable and with a lower risk. In Xataka | The MIT investigated whether the intermittent fasting diet is really healthy. There is good news and another very worrying Image | Rosy Ko

We have been asking if the eggs are good or bad for our health. The tests are very forceful

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It is a debate that we have surely heard countless times, that of how good or bad that eggs result for our health. It is a setback, the evidence that eggs are “bad” is limited and has been refuted by various studies, but still the issue remains the subject of new studies. Studies that continue to insist on the usual consumption of eggs does not represent a risk additional. Another study on the list. A recent study of mortality associated with egg consumption has not observed indications of an increase in mortality associated with egg consumption. Moreover, the study found an inverse relationship between the regular consumption of this food and the risk of deaths linked to cardiovascular diseases. The study He followed up of 8,756 over 70 years of age, which gave information about their diets. Based on this information, the team separated the participants in three groups: who did not consume eggs or did it shortly, those who consumed eggs between one and six times a day, and those who consumed eggs daily. Verdict. The study results indicated that people in the moderate consumption group had a risk of mortality by 15% lower than those of the low consumption group, controlling other factors. They also observed a 29% reduction associated with specific mortality due to heart disease. Of egg aspirin. The study was framed in the ASPREE project (Aspirin in rear Events in the Elderly), curiously, a project dedicated to the study of the effects of aspirin in preventive medicine. The details of the study have been published In an article In the magazine Nutrients. But they didn’t have cholesterol? “Eggs are a dense food in nutrients, they are a rich source of protein and a good source of nutrients, such as B vitamins, folate, non -saturated fatty acids, fat -solub vitamins (E, D, a, and k), hill, and numerous minerals and trace elements,” explained in a press release Holly Wild, co -author of the study. However, the eggs won a bad reputation due to their cholesterol content. Each egg has about 275 milligrams of cholesterol, which would represent almost the entire recommended amount of cholesterol, they explain In an article for The conversation Lauren Ball and Karly Bartrim, experts from the University of Queensland, in Australia. The trick is in absorption, Ball and Bartrim point out. And it is that the fact that we consummate a food with high cholesterol content does not mean that our body will absorb that cholesterol and make it end in the bloodstream, where it can imply a risk. This is the advance. The debate on the hypothetical damage that eggs may be a health risk has been perpetuated for years has often been used to discredit advances made in the field of nutrition. And it is true that the science that studies nutrients and their effects on our body is complex: the varied of the human diet and the immense complexity of our body are two factors that make extremely difficult to measure the effects of some foods on our health. It is not surprising Therefore we can occasionally run into this type of debates. The contradictory results are not alien to any field of science: there are many reasons why a study can yield erroneous results, such as methodological failures, calculation errors or even by mere statistical chance. That is why relationships must be studied several occasions, by different teams and following a variety of methods, this is how failures and erroneous relationships have been detected on several occasions. It is how the method itself should work. In Xataka | White eggs have disappeared from our supermarkets: the story of how brown was commercially imposed Image | Morgane Perraud

The exomars mission already accumulates 20 years of calvary and bad luck

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Mars seems to have a special online to the European space agency and, more specifically, to the exomars mission and his Rover Rosalind Franklin. What promised to be a pioneer mission for Europe in the search for past life on the red planet has become a true technological and geopolitical calvary, a saga of misfortunes that leads to ask if the rover will not simply be cursed. From NASA to Russia. The exomars odyssey It started two decades agoin 2005, with the aim of launching a rover to Mars in 2011. Initially conceived in collaboration with NASA, the mission suffered a first capital setback in 2012, when the US agency, due to the cost overruns in projects such as the James Webb space telescope, decided to retire. Nor was the European prominence of the mission funny. This first jug of cold water forced ESA to look for a new partner to desperate. The Russian Space Agency Roscosmos. Russia would provide the proton rockets for the two phases of the mission and a crucial element: the Kazachok descent module that would be in charge of the Martian landing of the rover. A second setback. The first phase of the mission, launched in 2016included the Trace Gas Orbiter probe, which operates successfully in the Martian orbit. Also the Schiaparelli landing module, designed to test “mooring” technologies. Schiaparelli crashed into the surface because he misunderstood the accelerometer readings: he mistakenly assumed that he had landed and fired the roof and parachute early. On Earth, the launch of the Rover, scheduled for 2018, was postponed to 2020 for problems with The parachutes and delays in the delivery of components. Then, the Covid-19 pandemia He added more delays, pushing the launch window at 2022. And then, war. The Rover was baptized ‘Rosalind Franklin’ in honor of the British crystallographer whose x -ray diffraction images were fundamental to reveal the double helix structure of the DNA. When everything seemed (finally) on track, with the rover ready for a few months of takeoff, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 He dynamited collaboration. ESA, in an inevitable decision, suspended cooperation with Roscosmos, leaving Rosalind Franklin orphan of a pitcher and, above all, of landing platform. A devastating blow. Light at the end of the tunnel. Baptized ‘Rosalind Franklin’ in honor of the British crystallographer whose X -ray diffraction images were fundamental to reveal the double propeller structure of the DNA, the rover did not raise head. But that decided not to throw in the towel. Member States pledged new financing in the mission and ESA chose to develop a European landing platform. Thales Alenia Space was selected as the main contractor in April 2024 with a contract of 522 million euros, but it is Airbus Defense and Space the one that will be in charge of design and construction of the landing module, which, ironically, keep a great resemblance With Russian Kazachok. And now what. When light was finally seen at the end of the tunnel, The budget proposed by the White House For NASA it seems to leave out the contribution of the US agency in the European Rover. According to Eric Berger, from Ars Technica, in addition to the Mars Sample Mission Return of Return of the Red Planet, in which Europe also participated, The contribution of NASA was disappearing in the European Rover Rosalind Franklin. It was a modest, but crucial contribution to the mission: Plutonium -based RHU heater. For now, the launch date of the Misión Exomars and the Rover Rosalind Franklin remains scheduled by the end of 2028, with A landing in the Martian plain Oxia Planum planned for 2030. A long trajectory to avoid the season of global dust storms on Mars. Rover Rosalind Franklin will carry its drill capable of drilling up to two meters under the surface, where possible biofirms would be protected from radiation. Image | DSIT, that In Xataka | Exomars, this is the most ambitious Mars mission in Europe

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