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His name is Dead Hand and is activated in case of Russian annihilation

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The verbal escalation between Washington and Moscow He intensified After the statements of Dmitri Medvedev, former Russian president and current vice president of the Security Council, by reacting hard to the ultimatum launched by the United States: stop the offensive in Ukraine within ten days or face new sanctions. Medvedev described The threat as “a step towards war”, and then remembered a cold war system. The diplomatic trigger. Yes, because the leader He replied with allusions to the known Russian nuclear system Like Dead Handdesigned to guarantee reprisals even if Kremlin’s leadership was eliminated. Far from softening the tone, Trump replied that the Russian had to “monitor his words”, warning that he entered “a very dangerous territory.” It was in this context that the US president ordered the repositioning of two nuclear submarines In “appropriate regions”, an unusually public gesture that sought to convey firmness against what he described as “incendiary” comments. The nuclear background. The announcement recounted an important symbolic burden, since the movements of American ballistic submarines are rarely made public. Analysts Like James Actonfrom Carnegie Endowment, they recalled that the United States nuclear deterrence already maintains constant capacity in the Atlantic and the Pacific, which suggests that the deployment has more A political character than a real change in military position. The MEDYDEV mention To Dead Hand underlines the growing centrality of Russian nuclear discourse since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine. Far from his image as a reformist leader between 2008 and 2012, Medvedev has embraced a incendiary tone In social networks, repeatedly referring to atomic Arsenal as a letter of intimidation, which raises tension at a time of military and diplomatic stagnation. The origin of an apocalyptic weapon. The idea of a Final Judgment Devicean automatic mechanism that guarantees nuclear retaliation even when a country has been devastated and its eliminated leaders seemed for decades a science fiction fantasy. However, the Soviet Union materialized in 1985 under the name of Perimetr systembetter known in the West as Dead Hand. The principle was simple in its logic and terrifying in its consequence: even if the enemy launched a perfect first attack, annihilating Moscow’s political and military command, a Autonomous system He would ensure the nuclear response, also condemning the aggressor. In other words, it was the incarnation of the insured mutual destructionbrought to an automatic level in which no human decision could stop the sequence once activated. The strategic motivation of Moscow. The development of the system responded to the growing Soviet vulnerability in the 1980s. The improvement in the accuracy of the American missiles launched from submarines reduced the half -hour warning time just three minuteswhich made it impossible to organize a counterattack before destruction. In that scenario, the classical deterrence of the cold war was threatened, because Washington could consider feasible a first disabling blow. To restore balance, Kremlin designed the Perimetrthat when activated in times of tension would remain latent, evaluating with seismic, radiological and atmospheric pressure sensors if the territory had been attacked. Only then, and after verifying the loss of contact with the General Staff, the system granted launch authority to the crew buried in A armored bunkereliminating the need for intact command chains. The mechanism. The system’s core was a unique missile: 15P011not armed with a nuclear head, but with a radio transmitter hardened against radiation. When taking off from a protected silo, this projectile flew over the country issuing launch orders to the ICBM silos, to the strategic submarines and the bombers, replacing the communications infrastructure that was presumed destroyed. This guaranteed mass retaliation against Preprogrammed objectives. The decision chain was reduced to a Sequence of conditional: If an attack was detected, if there was no communication with the high command, and if after a prudential time the signals were not restored, then the revenge was assured. A single operator, locked in Your underground positioncould trigger the complete arsenal of the Soviet Union. Between the secret and the paradox. Paradoxically, the real utility of Perimetr did not reside so much to intimidate the United States with its existence, because for years it remained in the strictest secret, revealed to the world in 1993. Rather it worked like a Psychological insurance For Soviet leaders themselves. Knowing that the system would automatically respond to them not to rush before ambiguous signals and gain time to analyze whether an alleged attack was not, in reality, a radar error or a flock of geese confused with missiles. Instead of accelerating nuclear button, Dead Hand reduced risk of a catastrophic error by excessive reaction, providing a strange respite in a climate marked by permanent fear of Armageddon. Validity. Although the exact details remain classified, It is believed than perimetr Follow operational in current Russia, modernized after the dissolution of the USSR. Its only existence remembers the thin line between strategic stability and global destruction: a device that, in theory, converts nuclear war into a absolute nonsensebut at the same time contains the power to erase civilization without human intervention. The unusual thing is that, far from being the irrational monster by Dr. StrangeloveDead Hand may have been the more rational invention In the logic of terror balance: a mechanism created to calm those who could destroy the world with an impulsive order. In that disturbing paradox, its legacy is supported: the only real device of assured destruction that, by guaranteeing retaliation, reduced temptation of error and, somehow, the nuclear vertigo of the cold war made more habitable. Today, the episode Between Trump and Medvedev It emphasizes once again the fragility of the nuclear balance between both powers: on the one hand, the tacit dissuasion of the United States, whose underwater force Always remain ready No need for ads. On the other, Kremlin’s constant resource to atomic rhetoric as an instrument of psychological pressure. Image | Włodi In Xataka | The good news for Russia is that the earthquake occurred in a remote area. The bad is that he concentrated his nuclear submarines … Read more

The strongest Chinese companies in Chips and IA have created a historical alliance

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The future of Nvidia in China is increasingly uncertain. The suspicions of the administration of the Chibespace of China about The safety of your GPU H20 for artificial intelligence (AI) force this company to convince the Chinese government that their chips are reliable. However, this is not the only challenge that Nvidia faces in the country led by Xi Jinping. And it is that a good part of the most relevant Chinese companies in the semiconductor industries and AI have allied to encourage the adoption of chips for the Chinese. During the last fiscal year, which expired on January 26, 2025, China represented approximately 13% of total income of the company led by Jensen Huang with a figure of about 17,000 million dollars. In practice, this Asian country is the third best client of this company only behind the US and Taiwan. In fact, according to TrainingView At the beginning of 2025 Nvidia had a fee in the Chinese chip market for no less than 95%. However, during the last weeks it has dropped to 50%. This abrupt decrease is largely due to the export restrictions of chips for the The US government has imposedalthough it is also caused by the development of competition within China. And, to curl the curl, Stepfun, which belongs to Tencent Holdings; Infinigence ai; Siliconflow, from Huawei; Metax; Biren Technology; Focus me; Iluvatar Corex; Cambricon Technologies and Moore Threads, which are some of the strongest Chinese companies in the development of chips for AI, They have constituted an alliance who seeks to stop Nvidia. For Nvidia it is increasingly difficult to sustain its position in China The Chinese government is urging Chinese companies that are dedicated to the development of large models of the use in their servers integrated circuits of Chinese origin. The alliance for innovation in the model-chips ecosystem, which is what is called the organization that the Chinese companies that I have mentioned a few lines have constituted, represents an important step in this direction. Nvidia has in its favor the mass implementation of CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) In the AI projects that are underway, but the panorama is already beginning to change. This technology brings together the compiler and development profits used by programmers to develop their software for NVIDIA GPUs, and replace it with another option in The projects that are already underway It is a problem. Huawei, who aspires to an important portion From this market in China, it has Cann (Compute Architecture for Neural Networks), which is its alternative to CUDA. However, this is not the only asset in the country governed by Xi Jinping. Nvidia has in its favor the massive implantation of CUDA, but the panorama is already beginning to change Moore Threads It is one of the Chinese companies that are dedicated to the production of hardware for which companies aligned with the interests of the US and its allies cannot sell software or advanced equipment. Although it is very young (it was founded in 2020) it has something very important in its favor: its founder is Zhang Jianzhong, former general manager of the Nvidia subsidiary in China, so it is evident that he knows well what he has in hand. Moore Threads has developed several GPU for AI applications that, on paper, rival some of the advanced solutions that have placed in the Nvidia, AMD or Huawei market. The cards MTT S4000 and MTT S3000 They are its most interesting proposals right now, although, curiously, in its porpholio the MTT S80 card also appears, a proposal for games and content creation that, according to Moore Threads itself, has a calculation capacity of 14.4 Tflops in single -precision floating coma operations. It doesn’t impress, but it’s not bad at all. However, this company has something else: a software package with which the domain of CUDA seeks to break. Muse calls itis compatible with the range of MTT cards that I have mentioned a few lines above and incorporates a compiler, execution libraries, specialized libraries and code purification tools. However, this is not all. On paper its most attractive capacity for China is that it allows to reuse the code written in CUDA, transferring it so that it can be executed on the cards for Moore Threads. It is difficult to predict what reception the hardware and software of this company will have in your country of origin, but there is no doubt that it is worth following the track. Image | Moore Threads More information | SCMP In Xataka | AI is the best thing that is happening to nuclear fusion. It is already accelerating the construction of Iter

Now you can get the Google Pixel 9 at a good price, with greater capacity, thanks to this Amazon offer

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Within the high range of mobile, the Google Pixel 9 It is one of those that has triumphed since the market was launched. If you have taken your eye but, until now, you had not considered buying it, this Amazon offer is sure to interest you. Specifically, you have this terminal available, in your 256 GB version Already a fairly attractive price. Specifically, it is available for 649 euroscompared to the almost 1,000 euros that usually cost. * Some price may have changed from the last review A top mobile now at a very attractive price Although the Google Pixel 9 It was launched in 2024, today it remains a reference within the high game. In addition, it is a safe bet, since it has guaranteed operating system updates For about six years. It has numerous features that stand out and one of them is its screen. This is of type Super acts OLED of 6.3 inches with resolution of 2,424 x 1,080 pixels. Its refresh rate is 120 Hz and is compatible with HDR10+. It works with pure Android operating system and the brain of this terminal is the G4 Google, accompanied by 12 GB of RAM and a Internal storage capacity of 256 GB. As for its photographic system, it is formed by a double rear camera of 50+48 MP. Finally, it can be noted that it has IP68 certification and admits fast charge to 45 W. Some accessories to protect this mobile that may interest you Jetech founded for Google Pixel 9 * Some price may have changed from the last review Jotech screen protector for Google Pixel 9 with camera lens protector * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Pepu rica (Xataka Android) and Google In Xataka | The best mobiles, we have tried them and here are their analysis In Xataka | The best price quality price. Your analysis and videos are here

trains lasted a century

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Amazon has promised to invest 100,000 million dollars in AI data centers in 2025. Microsoft, 80,000. Google, 75,000. Goal, 65,000. The figures are absolutely dizzy, and are only part of the global investment that many other companies are carrying out in this area. The situation begins to be comparable to what occurred more than 140 years ago, when another investment fever conquered the United States. In that case it was the railroad. But there are crucial differences between one and the other. We are spending as if there were no tomorrow. Investor Paul Kedrosky did That interesting comparison Between spending on AI data centers and the one that was done on railroads more than a century ago. According to him, Capex’s figures (capital vessel, capital expenditure) for the United States in 2025 in the AI scope are absolutely fired and could represent according to their data between 1.2% and 2% of the Gross Domestic Product of the US. What is that? A lot. Lot. Source: Paul Kedrosky. More investment than with the Puntocom. The situation seems to overcome even the one that was lived with the investment in telecommunications companies both during the Puntocom bubble and during the era of the 5G networks, in which there was also a shotx fired. According to Kedrosky, the percentage of the US GDP on that occasion was 1%, but the capex for AI already round data centers (as little) 1.2%. A WSJ chart recently showed the situation: Capital spending (capex) quarterly of the Big Tech does not stop growing. And everything is for AI. Source: WSJ. Only the railroad attracted more investment. There has only been a situation that exceeds the current one. It occurred in the 1870-1880 decade, with the railway fever that made CAPEX shoot up to 6% of the US GDP at that time. The investment in AI data centers is still somewhat far from that figure, but it is still amazing, and above all, it does not seem to go less. Comparison between the capex dedicated to telecommunications and the one that is now being dedicated to data centers and IA. And 2025 will go further. Source: Paul Kedrosky. Money everywhere. As this analyst explains, the CAPEX set is not based only on the capex of the large technology companies that we mentioned at the beginning of this article. In addition to these gigantic investments there is a growing debt issuance to support these investments, private capital and new “Special investment vehicles“(SPVS) that are created precisely to support these massive capital flows. Even Xi Jinping is scared. The Chinese president, Xi Jinping, has warned of the danger of excessive investment in data centers. In your country there are More than 250 data centers Under construction, and last week he warned of the risk of betting without brake on AI and electric vehicles: “With regard to projects, there are some important aspects: artificial intelligence, computer power and new energy vehicles. Should all provinces in the country develop industries in these directions?” Do not invest in other things. That extraordinary investment in AI data centers – or talent, tell them to the finish line– It is making any other segment much more difficult to capture money to continue developing. According to Kedrosky, the situation is analogous to which it was lived with fever for telecommunications and investments in other types of infrastructure, something whose effects continue to place. Bubble danger. Faced with this unbalanced obsession with Big Tech to create more and more data centers there is a reality: AI, although useful for certain scenarios, still does not prove to be really revolutionary. Openai’s commitment, Google, Microsoft or goal is absolute, but it is almost more for the fear of getting too late to the market than by the fact that this market makes sense in itself. All this has made it talk for a long time AI bubblethat It could be comparable (or more worrying) than the bubble of the Puntocom. Better spend now than regret it later. Mark Zuckerberg, Meta CEO, He already reflected About the situation with a clear message: “It is very likely that many companies are oversizing (their investments in AI). But, on the other hand, I think that all the companies that are investing are making a rational decision, because the disadvantage of being left behind is that you could stay out with the most important technology of the next 10 to 15 years.” They are still spending little. While many think that companies are spending too much money on AI, some analysts think they are spending little. Jim Cramer, from CNBC, affirmed That “these companies are not spending more in AI, they are missing. Maybe they are not investing bad. The expert Noah Smith Analyze in your Newsletter Noahpinion The situation and remember important details: The telecos boom in the 90s and that overinversion led to the bubble of the Puntocom The railway boom led another gigantic crisis in 1873. In both cases, companies created too much infrastructure and bet more. The expectations were exaggerated, and the companies could not meet the loans they had asked. But be careful: in both cases something more important happened. Those who invested extraordinarily did not invest badly, but invested too soon. The railroads were disruptive, as were the telecommunications. There are those who defend that in fact Bubbles are good For innovation. But it is not the Railroad (for the moment). Kedrosky concludes with a comparison that serves as a warning: what is being built with these AI data centers are not railroads: The train tracks have lasted more than a century and their cost-benefit ratio It has not been reduced just after the passing of the decades (although there has been investment to renew them) Data centers are short -term facilities, and the expensive GPUS on which they are based have a much shorter life cycle. Your cost-benefit relationship is much more debatable Inflating the economy. This analyst has one more revealing data: without that … Read more

It is sold for the same thing that cost to create it

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Naver, the company that owns the Messenger Line APP, has bought 100% wallapop for 600 million euros. It is the same amount that investors have contributed during their twelve years of history. Why is it important. This operation reveals a unique paradox in the Spanish ecosystem: a startup is sold at the best operational moment in its history but in its worst market assessment in a long time. And return exactly the money invested without generating added return for its financial founders. The facts. The Shareholders Board approved last Friday the sale to the South Korean multinational Naverfor 600 million euros. The figure is a 206 million discount compared to the February 2024 assessment, when It was tasted at 806 million. During his twelve years of life, Wallapop had raised approximately 600 million in seven rounds of financing. The startup is literally sold, so it cost to build. The panoramic. Wallapop was going through his best moment from the business perspective: Income of 90 million in 2023, a 25%growth. Reduced losses to 30 million, compared to 50 million 2022. 19 million active users. Consolidated presence in Spain, Italy and Portugal. However, the market context has played against him. The inflated assessments of 2023-2024 have been corrected abruptly, and Wallapop has not been an exception. Between bambalins. Naver, who already controlled 30% of the capital since 2021, has taken advantage of its internal shareholder position to force a purchase at the opportunity price. The South Korean multinational used the clauses of Drag Along to drag even dissident partners. The US Fund 14W, with 18% of the capital, He opposed the operation frontally. Your leader, Alex Zubillagacame to threaten legal actions and presented a 450 million counterofferte in March. The irony: protested by an assessment 150 million higher than yours. In figures. The numbers of this operation are a reflection of the complexity of the moment: 600 million: Sale and total capital price historically. 206 million: Discount regarding the last round. 1.5x: Approximate return for the most veteran funds such as Accel and Insight. 0x: added return for the set of investors. Yes, but. He Ico, who entered the last round With 20 million (3% of the capital), it will not lose money. He negotiated a preferential liquidation clause that guarantees the full return of his investment, a armor that other funds do not have. Turning point. The operation marks a before and after in the Spanish ecosystem. It shows that reaching valuations that touch the unicorn does not guarantee returns for investors, especially when the Timing At the entrance it is not the luckiest. Naver takes one of the most promising Spanish startups just when she began to demonstrate her real potential. For investors, twelve years of patience are caught with a technical draw: they recover the invested, but without the expected profitability in a high -risk bet. Deepen. The Startup, founded in 2013 by Agustín Gómez, Miguel Vicente and Gerard Olivé, now becomes part of the Naver Technological Empire, which includes the leading search engine in South Korea and the aforementioned Line Messenger application. Rob Cassedy continues as CEO with a template of 300 employees. In Xataka | I am a seller with five stars in Wallapop. Thus surviving in this second -hand jungle Outstanding image |

The strangest phenomenon of every summer is also an industry of 500 million euros: the “Mermaiding”

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The fever for ‘La Sernita’ that you lived in your childhood is nothing compared to the movement known as Mermaiding: a swimming style inspired by sirens and tritones and that is already trend, and it could almost be said that Lifestyle. Conventions, courses, exhibitions … There are people who live very happy without the lower extremities to replace them with a fish tail, even temporarily. And they have very convincing reasons. To move the tail. He Mermaiding It consists of swimming using a siren or triton tail, usually manufactured in silicone or synthetic fibers (and that can cost $ 5,000 in the most sophisticated cases), simulating the undulating movements characteristic of these creatures. It can be done in swimming pools or open waters, and its practice combines Swimming, apnea and some synchronized. In the last decade, the Mermaiding It has become In official sports Since 2019 in countries such as China and the United States, but we talk about it every summer for its quirky visual characteristics, which obviously include a fish tail. Mermaiding: A typology. There is Many variants and forms of practicing diminishing. Perhaps the most popular is the one oriented to the entertainment of profane in Sirenism. It provides the possibility of swimming experience with a siren or triton tail, and there are academies that are responsible for organizing Events to learn to do it. On the other side of the spectrum is the Mermaiding Deportivo: To officially practice it, specific courses are required with certifications such as SSI Mermaid either Padi Mermaidin which techniques such as the kick of dolphin, undulation and aquatic coordination are perfected. In a middle ground between them there is a variant of Mermaiding For shows, aquatic and thematic parks, hotels, as well as participations in spots, video clips and varied performances. It’s a use of Mermaiding More artistic and not oriented to competition. Mermaiding No: Sirenism. In Spain, mass conventions of sirens such as the Mermagic with that takes place every year in the United States, but for example, the Sirenas Mediterranean Academy It has been standing since 2014, giving courses and organizing private parties with sirens included. And there are organizations like Sirénida, a Professional Sirens and Triton Catalog Contractable for shows of all kinds. At the moment it is becoming, cursillo and of Cuqui Experiencein a more leisure option. Professional sirens. The Netflix documentary of 2023 ‘Sirena people’ details what the day -to -day life of these Sirenism professionals is. Because yes, it is not a handful of eccentric with silicone tail: in the United States it is a business with abundant ramifications in the entertainment world, with interventions in aquariums, musicals underwater and a long etcetera. The documentary shows parts of the job of mermaid as little glamorous as castings to work as a siren in a show, and you can see that it is completely legalized and normalized. According to the program, the Sireno world already moves 500 million dollars in the United States. Not so secret origins. From professional mermaid associations They certify that they have experienced an explosion of interest and an increase in applications in recent times, which link to the premiere of the Netflix documentary series. In it you can see those who were sirens in the park of Sirens Weeki Wachee, a theme park created by a royal sailor, Newton Perry, in 1947. In it there was a tiny scenario and a spring where the sirens made a show: the venerable precedents of the current sirens in aquariums and thematic shows. Illustrious predecessors for a business that comes out again. Header | Photo of Michael Hystead in Unspash In Xataka | 24 board games and agile and fun hobbies to play in summer anywhere

The world’s largest passenger plane does not stop breaking

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Airbus has to the, for the moment, the largest passenger plane in the world: the Airbus A380. This bug is able to transport in its entrails up to a maximum of 853 passengers (in very specific conditions). In fact, only the Antonov AN-225 He shadowed him, but he was neither produced in series nor currently exists, since It was destroyed during the Ukraine War. The A380 is, in short, a huge and very important passenger plane for certain airlines, but has a problem: it does not stop breaking. A complex machine. That is what a plane is, and more if we talk about one like this. So that Let’s get an idea Of its complexity, the Airbus A380 is made of four million individual components manufactured by 1,500 companies distributed throughout 30 countries. Inside the fuselage there are inserted 19,000 screws that join each of the three main parts, in addition to the 4,000 screws used to join both wings. It has 220 windows, 16 doors and only exterior paint weighs 531 kilos, there is nothing. Airbus A380 of Air France | Image: Maarten Visser with license CC by-SA 2.0 The problem. That does not stop breaking. According to slide from Bloombergsince 2020 (the plane flew for the first time in 2005), the European Union Aviation Safety Agency has issued 95 aircraft directives for the Airbus A380, twice as many as received by Boeing homologues: the 787, 777 and 747. Among the problems mentioned are the breakage of the axis of the landing gear, cracked joint Evacuation ramps. Some of these problems come from time to time These aircraft passed on land during the pandemic. These directives are, in a nutshell, corrections, inspections or modifications that must be carried out in an aircraft or a component to solve potential security problems. Its fulfillment is mandatory and not only can not only put the safety of passengers at risk, but to assume sanctions or the disqualification of the plane. Lufthansa’s first Airbus A380 | Image: WO St 01 With license CC By-SA 3.0 Keep it or … keep it. The Airbus A380 is 20 years old. As a general rule, airplanes usually withdraw Once between 25 and 30 years old. What does that mean? That the Airbus A380 is too young to remove it and too old to keep it at the same time. The underlying problem is that there is no alternative: The Airbus A380 ceased to occur in 2021so airlines that need a large capacity for long journeys should look for an alternative. Airbus It is not capable To produce the A350s, the largest aircraft of the Airbus catalog after the A380, with enough quickly to meet the demand. The supply chain, in particular everything related to cabins and engines, still having pandemic problems. He Boeing 777xBoeing’s proposal has not stopped having problems. The plane was going to be delivered to customers in 2020, but it has been delayed so much that the first deliveries are not expected until at least 2026. Image | KRZYSZTOF KACZALA WITH CC BY-SA 3.0 License A bottomless well. Airlines therefore have some airplanes whose maintenance will go to more. Reviewing these aircraft not only consumes an absurd amount of time (60,000 hours distributed among all workers, according to Bloomberg), but a lot of space in facilities that are not precisely abundant. That a plane like this failure is a high expense: not only have to be repaired, but to delay flights, relocate passengers, etc. All sum. Be that as it may, Airbus intends to continue operating and offering support: “Airbus undertakes to provide full technical assistance to customers to ensure that they can optimize operations with their A380 fleets, and this will continue while the plane remains in service,” they say from the company. The largest fleet. Emirates is, by far, the airline that has the most Airbus A380: 116 aircraft of which 21 are on land. The operator intends to continue using them at least until the end of the next decade (the investment has been high and few planes move so many passengers at once). Singapore Airlines and British Airways are followed from afar with 12 units each. Other operators, such as Qantas, Lufthansa and Qatar Airways also have some units, but intend to replace them with A350 at the beginning of the next decade. Cover image | N509FZ licensed CC by-SA 4.0 In Xataka | Europe has a message for tourists who are going to fly: prepare for a summer of delays and historical cancellations

ESA prepares for a hypersonic leap. Invictus is his letter to compete with China and the USA on extreme flights

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Just a couple of decades ago, take off from a conventional track and fly five times faster than sound seemed reserved for science fiction. Today, the European Space Agency (ESA) He wants to pave that path with Invictusa Experimental hypersonic platform that could transform the way the old continent accesses space. Invictus is not a missile neither a military plane nor a vertical pitcher. It is an aircraft concept conceived to fly to Mach 5, take off horizontally and return intact to be reused. Its modular structure – you must exchange materials, motors and software – will allow to test very different configurations throughout several campaigns. We are talking about a program funded through instruments such as General support technology program (GSTP) and the Element of Technological Development (Tde) of ESA. The key is to provide Europe with its own technological base on a land dominated by the United States and China. The great enemy is not speed: it is the scoring temperature Reaching Mach 5 does not depend only on engine power. The great obstacle is thermal: friction on the fuselage raises the external temperature to Extreme levels and converts incoming oxygen into a gas that cannot be compressed or used directly. In this sense, Invictus will integrate an engine Early Hydrogen fed, whose thermal exchanger will be able to cool air at more than 1,000 ° C in dozens of milliseconds. “It will provide an invaluable opportunity to test the entire motor flow route, from air intake to the postquemor, at a real scale in an integrated aircraft,” David Perigo, chief engineer of ESA said. Technology does not start from zero. Reaction Engines developed KNOWan atmospheric-aorbital hybrid engine supported in its day by ESA. After the entry in company administration in 2024, part of its team and intellectual property went to Frazer-NASH, which now moves that know-how To Invictus. What were previously laboratory tests will be integrated for the first time into a complete and reusable aircraft, a key step towards European space aircraft. The strategic background is clear: if Invictus demonstrates its viability, Europe could move towards orbital planes capable of carrying out civil and military missions with a difficult rapid and flexibility to match conventional vertical rockets. The Consortium —frazer-NASH in front, together with Spirit Aerosystems and Cranfield University-has 12 months and 7 million euros of initial financing to deliver the complete preliminary design of the vehicle, indispensable step before programming the testing campaigns in flight. The internal calendar points to a first demonstration flight around 2031. While the United States and China compete to dominate hypersonic flight, Europe does not want to stay in the barrier. With Invictus, that spears a clear message: the continent intends to design the future access to space in its own terms. Images | THAT | Frazer-Nash In Xataka | Jeff Bezos’s space company has advanced Spacex in a key milestone to go to the moon and Mars: zero evaporation

There are less and less marriages. The good news is that they last much more than before

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We got married lessWe married laterBut … do we get married worse? Are our more weak marriages? Do we divorce more today than at the time of our parents or grandparents? There is studies that ensure that more than 50% of the couples who give the ‘yes I want’ in Spain end up separating, but New research American has just delved into that data with a curious revelation: today it is much more rare than a newly married couple to separate after ten years of conjugal life than those that joined 50 or 60 years ago. The big question is … why? Condemned to divorce? Recently he Institute for Family Studies (IFS), an American institution that is dedicated among other things to conduct studies on families and marriage, it was done An interesting question: Is the old mantra true that half of the marriages end up in court signing their divorce? It is not a minor issue. First, because at least in the US it looks like a popular mantra. Second, because that bulky percentage equals the chances of succeeding in conjugal life with those of launching a currency and that is expensive. What did you discover? For his investigation, the IFS took advantage of the data of the US Census Officeso his conclusions are basically a relay of what happens on the other side of the Atlantic. Making clear that starting point, it is not unreasonable to think that the patterns and trends that it has identified are more or less transferable to Europe. The reason? His experts discovered a very clear phenomenon: although it is true that every time We get less marriedcouples who give the ‘yes I want’ today create unions much more solid than those of a few decades, when there were many more people who formalize their relationship. Click on the image to go to Tweet. What do the figures say? That alone 18% of marriages formalized between 2010 and 2012 divorced after ten years. It is a percentage somewhat higher than that of the couples who married in the 1950s, but it is below those who gave the ‘yes I want’ in the 60, 70, 80 and 90. Ifl has not published their data in detail, but it has prepared a revealing graph that shows that the percentage of marriages of the 1970s dissolved after ten years was around 30%. Moreover, according to their data it is not correct that half of the marriages end up breaking. Taking into account its most recent records, that percentage Round 40%. And his forecast is that he descends as time passes. What does that mean? “The new marriages are more solid today than in any other decade since the 50s. Although the new marriages in the 2000 collect the report. “We have verified an increase in stability since the late 1970s. And so far the marriages formed in the 2010 maintains.” Are there more readings? After accounting the IFL discovered that the percentage of dissolved marriages after ten years of relationship varied considerably depending on when the couples had married. Among those who did in the 50s represented 14%, among those of the 60s 18%, in the case of married couples in the 70s the divorce percentage reached 30%and those of the 80s, 27%. Since then that indicator has decreased to 18%. If we talk about the risk of rupture, among the official marriages in the decade of 2000 the culminating point is five years of relationship. From that moment the risk is slowly decreasing. In the case of marriages created in the 70s the “high point of instability” occurs at age eight. What about gray divorce? The IFL points out that curiously what seems to gain relevance is the “Gray Divorce”the one that occurs between couples over 50 years after decades of relationship. It is nothing new, nor exclusive to the US. In 2022 the INE scored 80,000 divorces In Spain, of which 33% occurred between marriages that had more than two decades together. The IFL however recalls that most married people over 60 years of age went through the altar in the 70s and 80s. Click on the image to go to Tweet. What does all that mean? That the resistance of marriages seems to have evolved with society itself. The percentage of divorces was low in the 50s, increased after “the cultural transformation of the 1960s and 1970s radically changed the stability of the unions” and has been reconfigured as couples did, less and less prone to marry. “The most recent marriages have already shown greater stability, which could be due to the fact that they are more selective,” the study slides. They are valuations in the light of US data, but Spain has experienced its own drift. In our country a milestone was marked by the approval of the Divorce law In 1981. Have couples changed? Yes. And that is something that The study American also reflects clearly. If in the 1980s 80% of the people married before they turn 30, between 2000 and 2012 that percentage had declined to 64%. The trend is transferable to our country. Last year the CEU demographic observatory published A report It shows that the probability of ceasing to be single before the age of 50 has gone from representing almost 100% to move between 43 and 47%, depending on whether we talk about men or women. Do we get married later? Yeah. The analysis CEU also confirms that in the 70s between 85 and 90% of the people who married they did it before 30 years. Today that percentage does not even reach 20%. In 1976 the Spaniards who were married for the first time had average 26.7 years (24.1 if we talk about women). In 2022 the figure was already 36.8, or 34.9 in the case of brides. The report, however, reaches a different conclusion from that of the IFS on divorces: according to their accounts, 50% of the unions end up in rupture, … Read more

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