Month: July 2025

find all the exoplanets that we can

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While there are still people who do not finish seeing with good eyes that Pluto is not a planet, astronomers have been compiling an extensive list of exoplanets. How many exoplanets includes this list? Many, thousands of fact. The number of exoplanets that we discover grow month by month. Exoplanets passionate many for different reasons, but with total security, the most widespread reason must be the possibility, remote but real, that one day we will find life in one of them. The more exoplanets we identify and study, the greater the probability of running out of our planet and our solar system. But let’s start with the basics: What is an exoplanet? Well, an exoplanet is essentially a planet, with the only peculiarity of orbiting a star other than ours, although there is something to clarify in this. Because The definition of a planet is that of a spatial object that orbits a star but that must have two additional characteristics: one, sufficient mass to acquire a spherical shape; and the other, also to be of sufficient size to clear their orbit of similar objects. This last criterion is what made Pluto lost the planet category. Check if these criteria are fulfilled, at distances of thousands of light years, it is difficult. The smallest exoplanets discovered, as Kepler-37bthey have a size similar to that of the moon, so we can assume that they are spherical. The problem is that it can become more difficult to check if an explanet of this size is accompanied by a similar but more difficult object to detect in the same orbit. Types of exoplanets Study objects at such distances is complicated but we know that they are not very different from those that we can find in our environment. That is why we usually classify these distant objects using analogies Based on the planets that we know best. The smaller exoplanets usually enter the category of rock exoplanets or terrestrial. These exoplanets are similar not only to Earth but to planets inside the Solar System such as Mercury, Venus or Mars. The next category would be that of superstierras, rocky planets such as ours but larger. Sometimes this category It intermingles with the subcategory of the mini-neptuna. The following category is that of the planets similar to Neptune, also comparable in size to Uranus, these planets normally have atmospheres full of hydrogen or helium, mini-neptuna are sometimes also classified in this category. Finally we have the gaseous giants similar to Jupiter and Saturn (or even larger), which sometimes includes the subcategory of the “hot júpiteres”. The closest If we want to find an exoplanet we don’t have to go very far. In astronomical terms, of course: the closest exoplanets of which we have news orbit the stars closest to ours, next Centauri. This system has at least one planet, next Centauri B, and also with at least one not confirmed partner, next centauri d. In theory there could be even closer exoplanets, although they would be virtually impossible to detect. For a few decades we have proof of the existence of wandering or interstellar planets, objects of mass similar to that of a planet that does not orbit any star but also but They roam the galaxy. The most similar to Earth The answer to the question of what is the exoplanet most similar to Earth depends on the criteria we use. The size and its position in the “habitable zone” of the star orbits are the main criteria that we can establish to determine the degree to which a planet can be similar to ours. The dough is usually related to the fact that this planet has a rocky surface, while the fact that it is in the habitable area implies the possibility that the planet has liquid water like ours. Following these criteria, We can highlight for example Kepler-1649c. Located about 300 light years from our planet, Kepler-1649C has a mass 1.06 times that of the Earth and, although it receives about 75% of the solar energy that reaches our planet we can place it within the area of ​​habitability of its star. Another good candidate is Kepler-442b. It is located at 1,194 light years of the earth and is 33% greater than the Earth, but its orbital situation would allow not only the existence of water but also the photosyntos. Special mention deserves next Centauri B, the planet closest to Earth is not only in the habitable zone of its star, it also has a size relatively similar to ours, 27% higher in mass. How many exoplanets are there? Let’s go back to the question we started, how many exoplanets we have discovered. According to the most recent data available, NASA’s exoplanet file list It includes a total of 5,926 exoplanets. Something more than a third of them, 2.28 specifically, They are classified As similar to Neptune, and only 217 are categorized as “land” (although the number of superstar is much larger, 1,741). However, we have only torn the surface. To the list of confirmed exoplanets we can add one, even greater, of candidate objects, more than 15,000 in total. And again this is only the beginning: our galaxy has tens or hundreds of billions of stars, we do not know how many of them could house planets. In addition, almost all the exoplanets discovered so far are found precisely within the Milky Way, so we do not know anything about the number of exoplanets that could be orbiting in the observable universe. Is there life in exoplanets? The big question that many have asked ourselves numerous throughout our life still has no answer. The possibility of life in solar systems distant from ours grows with each new discovery but we still have no evidence of the existence of life, even less intelligent life, on planets outside our solar system (or in another other than ours). However, The search continues. In Xataka | Star rains, planetary alignments and lunar phases: … Read more

Sending an email to a low employee has cost 1,500 euros to a company: it doesn’t matter if you respond or not

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The Superior Court of Xustiza de Galicia (TSXG) has marked a before and after in the protection of the right to digital disconnection of workers in Spain. For the first time, a company has been convicted of sending electronic jobs to an employee who was on a medical leave. The sentence is considered a pioneer because, although other countries Like France and BelgiumThey have already legislated on digital disconnectionGalician justice has taken another step by sanctioning not only the obligation not to respond, but also the duty of the company of Do not send communications Out of working hours. What happened? According to details the sentencethe affected worker was in a situation of temporary disability due to an “anxiety disorder”, apparently “motivated by the emotional wear that implies the current situation of excess work, realization of overtime continuously and labor responsibility, which has led to the appearance of relational insecurity with respect to their environment.” In that context of medical disabilitythe employee continued to receive electronic emails related to her work during the entire low period. The company recognized the facts, but argued that the emails to the complainant were part of a thread created above and whose content was aimed at other people of the team. In addition, he claimed that they were not asked for “an immediate response.” In Xataka 40,000 euros for a croquette: Mercadona dismissed an employee for eating a croquette and must now compensate him The TSXG got serious with disconnection. In its resolution, the Superior Court dismissed the company’s arguments and was overwhelming in its ruling. The magistrates considered that the company not only breached their duty to refrain from communicating with the worker during his temporary disability, but also attempted against his moral integrity. According to the sentence, the Right to digital disconnection “It demands that communications from the company are not received outside the work time”, and warns that “that right is not fulfilled due to the fact that the working person does not have the duty to respond to the communications received outside the work time more or less immediately.” That is, and here the Importance of this resolutionthat the right to digital disconnection does not only refer to the interpretation of the urgency of the communications received, but “carries with it an obligation by the employer, and of dependent or linked persons, of abstention in the communications of labor order or linked to the provision of services outside the working time.” In Xataka Some employees sued their company for cutting the salary. The supreme has responded that being unpunctual is not a job Vulnerability situation. The TSXG highlights the special importance of the right to digital disconnection when the worker is in a situation of temporary disability by A psychic ailment. In the sentence, the Galician Court emphasizes that emails in these circumstances “uneasy the receiver, and also reifted it and undermined their dignity” and places the worker in a state of permanent availability incompatible with her right to recover without pressures. The right to digital disconnection in Spanish law. The right to digital disconnection is included in article 88 of the Organic Law 3/2018 and reinforced with the arrival of the call Distance Labor Law of 2021. According to the regulations, “all workers and public employees will have the right to digital disconnection in order to guarantee, outside the legal or conventionally established work time, respect for their rest time, permits and vacations, as well as their personal and family intimacy.” This right allows workers not to answer mails, calls, video calls or any other digital communication out of work hours. The law does not differentiate between the size of the workforce or the public or private nature of the company, so the protection is universal for all employees in Spain. With the TSXG ruling, the prohibition is not limited to the fact of “not answering” but its interpretation is expanded to “not receive.” {“Videid”: “X919SE0”, “Autoplay”: False, “Title”: “The AI ​​and the future of our work Silvia Rivela | 100 years, 100 visions Ep.3”, “Tag”: “”, “Duration”: “2630”} Symbolic condemnation, but pioneer. The process reached the TSXG as a result of a previous sentence in which, in addition to the violation of the right to digital disconnection of workers, compensation for violations of the right to honor and physical integrity were requested. In this case, the new resolution revokes these last two concepts because it has not been damaged physically or its honorability has been affected. However, it imposes compensation of 1,500 euros “for damages” for violating the right to digital disconnection because the company “was not guaranteed” of this right and points out that “pretending that it is available at any time of its life, including temporary disability, prevents the free development of personality and hinders the exercise of the field of intimacy of personal life of personal life.” In Xataka | 55,245 euros for eating a sandwich and a beer: Mercadona must compensate an employee for unfair dismissal Image | Unspash (Brian J. Tromp), Wikimedia Commons (Caronio) (Function () {Window._js_modules = Window._js_modules || {}; var headelement = document.getelegsbytagname (‘head’) (0); if (_js_modules.instagram) {var instagramscript = Document.Createlement (‘script’); }}) (); – The news Sending an email to a low employee has cost 1,500 euros to a company: it doesn’t matter if you respond or not It was originally posted in Xataka by Rubén Andrés .

that Europeans forget that they need expensive cars

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Before many we wanted a Xiaomi Su7. Now we also want the new Xiaomi Yu7: The company sold 200,000 units in three minutes In China and beat The remarkable record of his first model. But attentive, because that overwhelming success can now end up replicating in the rest of the world. It has already happened with its mobiles, and in Xiaomi they seem prepared to replicate the same strategy with which they reaped success in that market. In 2027, expansion.Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi, indicated on Wednesday that he hopes to start selling his electric vehicles outside China. For now it is confirmed with its market, where you are getting kneel. In its first year selling Xiaomi electric cars has lost 800 million dollars, but it is that That is excellent news for your future. Traditional manufacturers tremble. Xiaomi’s international expansion is a great news for them, but potentially terrible for European manufacturers. The reason is that Xiaomi electric vehicles compete in benefits with the best of European manufacturers, but do so with a much lower price. We have a clear example in Porsche, who has fallen 30% in sales in the last yearespecially for the irruption of Xiaomi Su7. Of choltoteléfonos to chollocoches. Xiaomi’s strategy is traced to which he already allowed him to destroy competition in the mobile industry. His smartphones, especially at the beginning, were choltoteléphones that They offered high-end specifications at entry-media range prices. The same is expected to occur when exporting their cars, which have high -end cars benefits of European manufacturers, but which cost significantly less. It is a battle that traditional mobile manufacturers – those of Apple, Samsung or LG of the time – have already dealt with and, mostly, lost. The example of Yu7. The latest creation of Xiaomi, the Yu7, follows the trail of its predecessor: autonomy of about 540 km, battery that carries 80% in 12 minutes – the Tesla Model and or the Porsche Macan takes more than 20) and acceleration from 0 to 100 in 3.3 seconds (in the Xiaomi Yu7 Max, the most powerful) and power of up to 681 hp (630 hp in the macan, 514 CV in Model Y). Volkswagen already knows what can happen. Volkswagen had a well -off position in China, leading the distance sales of its rivals. However, in recent months these sales have collapsed, although in that case it has been more for the Byd overwhelming thrustthat he did not paint anything in 2020 and that from 2021 he experienced a vertiginous rise in the Chinese market. Byd’s success in Spain is also a reality, and it is because it follows the same tactic as Xiaomi: “bargain cars” that have surprising benefits for their price, at least if we compare them with those of traditional manufacturers models. And the tariffs not seem to impact. The European Union It has been since October 2024 Applying tariffs to the Chinese electric car, and vary according to the brand between approximately 8 and 35%. China Has a Trojan horse With its combustion cars in hybrids, but it does not even seem to be needed, because even with those tariffs the price/performance ratio of Chinese electric cars are still remarkable. At least, for now. The ecosystem is the key. As with Apple, Xiaomi not only wants to sell you a car, but they sell a complete ecosystem. Its electric vehicles are part of that ecosystem in which the mobile, home automation and xiaomi appliances are integrated. All an integration that no other manufacturer has achieved, but that Xiaomi has already well profiled. Let us remember what happened to mobiles. Xiaomi first focused on China and then Start an international expansion that many users were waiting. He triumphed with his baroteléphones for a few years, but ended up remarkably: for years he competes as one more in the high -end market – who tells them to Xiaomi 15 Ultra– And created two submarks (Redmi and little) so that they were the ones that offered more modest and affordable mobiles. It remains to be seen as its strategy with its electric cars. Image | Xiaomi In Xataka | Byd promised them very happy with his new plant in Mexico. He has just canceled all his plans

panels that go up and down with the tide

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The solar revolution has reached the sea. What a few years ago seemed unfeasible – generating energy on salt water and with tide – is now a reality in China. The curious thing is who is leading this step: Sinopec, one of the world’s greatest oil companies. A great project. The Chinese oil company Sinopec has announced in a press release That its subsidiary, Qingdao Refining and Chemical Company, has ended and launched the first floating photovoltaic project in China salt water to operate at an industrial scale. The new floating solar plant is located in Qingdao, in the coastal province of Shandong, extending over 60,000 square meters of maritime surface connected directly to the sea. In addition, it will have an installed capacity of 7.5 megawatts, it is able to generate 16.7 million KWH of electricity a year. A technical milestone. Getting a solar plant to work on the sea is not simple. To overcome these multiple challenges of the marine environment, Sinopec has had to apply technical innovations developed in collaboration with national materials and structures. Among the improvements, on the one hand, floats and supports resistant to saline fog and perclabes to extend the useful life of the structure. On the other hand, a marine anchor system has been implemented that supports level 13 winds (equivalent to a typhoon) and tide variations up to 3.5 meters. In addition, the project has available cables and panels near the surface of the water, which improves safety and facilitates maintenance, reducing operational costs. According to PR Newswireanother of innovations is the use of solar panels that rise and fall synchronized with the tide, allowing to reduce the distance between the module and the surface of the water to only a tenth with respect to the traditional structure. This proximity improves thermal dissipation thanks to marine water, which increases efficiency between 5 % and 8 %. This is just the beginning. The oil company does not stop here. Sinopec has announced the expansion of the project with an additional 23 MW plant, which will reinforce the generation capacity of the Energy Park in Qingdao. This effort adds to other initiatives of the same complex, such as the first “neutral carbon” hydrogen station in the country, as well as the first hydrogen production project from seawater in an industrial plant, such as has detailed ST DAily. A trend that grows. The Syopec movement adds to an international trend That is booming. Starting with India, which has already deployed large floating solar parks in reservoirs, such as Ramagundam. For its part, Japan has installed hundreds of small floating plants in urban lakes and reservoirs. Finally, Singapore inaugurated in 2021 one of the largest urban floating solar plants in the world, on the Tengeh reservoir. The commitment to the sun. For more than two decades, China promoted a good part of the global oil growth. Since entry to the WTO in 2001, each section of highway built, each refinery inaugurated, each expanded city or megaproject launched added pressure on the world’s demand for crude oil. However, That trajectory begins to be invested and it seems that it will reach its demand peak in the year 2027. Given these estimates, the great oil company is accelerating its energy transformation towards renewables. Within its great plan is the development of 10,000 photovoltaic plants by 2027, greater geothermal heating capacity in China, a large network of hydrogen stations in the world and the implementation of the first national photovoltaic green hydrogen project. At a time when large oil companies face the challenge of reinventing themselves, Sinopec is drawing an ambitious roadmap. And if these types of projects prosper, it would not be uncommon to see more solar panels floating in the seas of the world in the coming years. Image | Unspash Xataka | The photovoltaic conquest knows no limits: China is filling its seas and reservoirs of solar panels, followed by India

A driver has been arrested for overloading his Seat León with 700 kg. The traffic fine is the slightest of its problems

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The punishment for breaching one of the sections of the Traffic Law in its article number 76 is clear: 200 euros of fine. It is what corresponds to someone who circulates with “vehicles with the poorly conditioned or with a danger of falling.” The relative to article number 77 of the Traffic Lawin which it is stated that “circular with a vehicle that breaches the technical conditions that seriously affect road safety” is a very serious infraction, punishes drivers with 500 euros of a fine. Any of these two articles, we believe, can be applied to those who drive a car loaded with 700 kg of luggage The problem is that this luggage is stolen cable. Or that the car is not even yours. In that case, you are before the youngest of your problems. When you have a much more serious problem than a traffic fine Because this way the driver of a Seat León circulated, arrested by the Civil Guard in Pilas (Sevilla), as he collects ABC. The detainee was intercepted by the Civil Guard by spotting a very loaded vehicle. When they wanted to stop him, the driver fled on foot to try to mislead the agents who finally ended up stopping it. And the driver knew perfectly that the youngest of his problems was overweight inside his car. The car intercepted, the agents discovered that distributed in the trunk and the rear seats carried 700 kg of stolen cable. Obviously, the intention was to resell copper. But, in addition, the car appeared in the records In the name of a deceased personwhich clearly demonstrated the intention of going unnoticed. The subtraction of the telephone wiring was located between Jabugo and Castaño del Robledo (Huelva) so the driver managed to cover a part of his escape. In total, it is estimated that the detainee stole 1,250 meters of telephone wiring that would have tried to move inside the vehicle. To know how much weight we can carry in our car, we must go to the technical file. In it we will find the data of the maximum authorized mass (MMA), which is forbidden to overcome because we will be putting our safety and the performance of our vehicle at risk. There is no concrete figure of how many kg we can load in a car but, yes, the maximum figure that we can find in a MMA is 3,500 kg because above this weight we could not circulate with a driver’s bnea B that this license is designed exclusively for cars. Photo | Civil Guard In Xataka | How to take the luggage without receiving the 200 euros of the DGT fine

While France and Switzerland turn off reactors by heat, Spain continues to generate electricity. The difference is in the forecast

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Europe is living Your worst heat wave with temperatures that have exceeded 40 ° C in several countries. The most unheard of, if one can see the situation, is that some European plants have had to close temporarily. An unusual fact. The heat not only feels in the streets: it is also affecting the heart of the European energy system. According to Euronews, This week three nuclear reactors have been disconnected in France and Switzerland for the temperature rise in the rivers they use to cool. In Girfch, to the south of France, one of the reactors stopped as the Garona River approached at 28 ° C. In Switzerland, the Beznau Central did the same: one of the reactors was out of service and the second was operating in half capacity by heat in the Aare River. Preventive measures. The reason behind this temporal closures responds to an environmental regulation that forces to reduce production when river water is excessively heated, since it could affect the ecosystem by being returned even longer, such as have detailed in Euronews. In addition, restrictions or power reductions have been applied in French centrals such as Buity, Blayais and Cruas. The origin of the problem. Water is key in any nuclear power plant. Without it, there is no way to keep the reactor temperature under control. But with increasingly hot rivers, especially during heat wavesthat function begins to fail. The worst thing is that many of these plants were built between 60 and 80, when climate change was not a factor to take into account. Now the consequences are clear: According to The New York TimesFrance could end up losing up to four times more electricity in summer if this type of closures becomes usual. A problem that aggravates. During the heat waves, more electricity is needed to light the air conditioners or fans, so the demand increases at the same time as the generation capacity falls. This has generated a domino effect on the European electricity market. According to the economistthe megavatio hour has come to double in a matter of days in France, affecting countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium that depend on gala electricity. And in Spain? Despite registering equal or even higher temperatures, Spain has not had to close any heat power plant. As He explained The economist, the key is in infrastructure and design. Unlike France, where many plants depend directly on rivers such as Garona or Rhone, in Spain solutions such as cooling towers have been adopted, which cool the water before returning it to the natural environment. A paradigmatic example is the Trillo plant, whose ability to operate during heat waves is due to this type of system. Also, like We have detailed in this mediumSpanish nuclear power plants are designed with a triple cooling system: a closed primary circuit that contains the fuel bars, a secondary circuit that generates the steam to move the turbines, and a third external circuit that introduces cold water – teacher of rivers, reservoirs or towers – to condense the steam. In addition, after Fukushima, all centrals incorporated portable and self -employment systems, capable of maintaining cooling functions even to climatic emergencies or electrical cuts. More interconnection? The situation that France and Switzerland are going through is not an isolated event, but a symptom of an still fragmented energy Europe. While in southern France reactors by heat go out, Spain keeps its centrals operational and could even contribute more electricity to the continent if there are better interconnections. These situations show the bottleneck that limits the electrical export capacity of the Iberian Peninsula. Spain has a nuclear park adapted to heat and a growing renewable base – specially solar and wind – that could serve as an energy lung for a Europe increasingly affected by extreme events. The energy future of the continent not only goes to adapt to heat, but also by connecting better. Image | Pixabay Xataka | Israel has been bombing the nuclear facilities that build other countries around its surroundings. This is the real risk of collapse

Windows 11 has finally surpassed his predecessor in what cost him the most. Has needed 46 months and a deadline

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After almost four years of struggle, Windows 11 has achieved for the first time Overcome the Windows 10 market share. July data Statcounter They show, at the time of writing the article, that the current Microsoft operating system reaches 50.88%, while its predecessor drops to 46.2%. Somewhat for the company that reaches just three months from the end of the Windows 10 security updates support, yes, the achievement has been accompanied by desperate measures. The context. Microsoft launched Windows 11 in October 2021 with the promise of being “The best Windows in history“, But its initial adoption ended up being extraordinarily slow. Just a year ago, Windows 10 maintained an overwhelming advantage with 66.04% of the market compared to 29.75% of Windows 11. The change of litmus has been so late that it has forced Microsoft to take exceptional measures. Market share of the different Windows versions globally. Image: Statcounter Millions of users will run out of support soon. With 1,400 million Windows devices worldwide, according to the company, Statcounter figures would suggest that approximately 728 million execute Windows 11 and 655 million continue with Windows 10, despising the rest of versions. This figure is problematic especially because it means that hundreds of millions of users will run out of updates Safety when Microsoft withdraw the support on October 14, 2025. Of course, users They still have alternatives. To great evils … The situation has forced Microsoft to break its tradition and offer for the first time extended security support (ESU) to domestic users, something that was previously only available for companies. In addition, he has announced that will provide this free support to those who use Windows Backup with a Microsoft account, something that for many is a privacy toll in exchange for security. The push of companies. As they warn from The Registerthe sudden growth of Windows 11 is not due to a massive adoption of consumers, but mainly to business migrations. Keiren Jessop, analyst at Cábalys, points that administrators would be executing planned updates before the closing of the support, especially with the start of new fiscal years in July and October. From the middle they ensure that hardware sales, including THE NEW PCS WITH IAThey remain limited due to the lack of applications that justify their high prices. Better late than never. Windows 11 has needed 46 months to overcome his predecessor, a record time in the history of Microsoft. The strict system requirements, which exclude computers Without TPM 2.0 and old processorsThey have stopped their adoption. Meanwhile, Microsoft has been putting pressure to its users through annoying banners In Windows 10 to make the change, recommend the purchase of a new PC that is compatible with the requirements, months before its official support. On the horn. With only three months until the end of the support, Microsoft has finally achieved that Windows 11 took the lead. The question is how many users will make the transfer to Windows 11 before the end of their support and how much the difference ends in these three months. Cover image | Windows In Xataka | Virtually everyone has stopped using Windows XP. The problem is that ATMs do not

Two 19 -year -old kids put Spanish national security with a bot and a telegram channel. The reason: they bored themselves

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It happened a few days ago. The National Police had arrested two young people by the Data filtration of Pedro Sánchez and other high positions of the State. A massive filtration that, In police wordsis a “very serious threat to national security.” Behind all this there is no large group of perfectly coordinated hackers, only two 19 -year -old Canarian kids and a bot that they sold on Telegram. @Akkaspace and @pakito. They are the nicks of the two authors of the filtration. Yoel (Akkaspace), the main responsible, is a computer student and was arrested at his home on July 1. Next to him also stopped Pakito (Cristian), who was aware of his friend’s activities and would have participated in helping him promote them. Yesterday July 3 They were releasedalthough they are being investigated for an alleged crime of terrorism and will have to appear in the played twice a month. A bot. It is the tool they have used to extract the data. The bot was in charge of tracking previously compromised databases. That is, they have taken advantage of existing vulnerabilities in companies and institutions. In Declarations to Eldiariosecurity expert Rafael López, says they have used OSINT, OR INTELLIGENCE OF OPEN SOURCESand it has not been a hacking as such. Yoel himself said in an interview he gave on Twitch with his face covered: With a bot that I have, with which I have taken everything basically. I take databases, Indexo, and people, if you buy the bot, searching for a full name, a phone number or a ID, you can access all the information. This is how I have done politicians. Filtration. The investigation began weeks ago in Telegram. @Akkaspace and @pakito used a channel with more than 90,000 members to start spreading personal data from public figures, although later they were closed and used other more minority channels. In the beginning it only affected seven personalities, but little by little they were filtering more data, getting to involve the president of the Government himself. The data contained in the filtration includes birth dates, telephones, ID numbers and even homes, although some were apparently outdated. Motivation. “We are two boring kids,” said Yoel on Twitch, which denies that there is an ideological motivation behind the filtration. “And as the issue of corruption is being uncovered lately, why don’t we get the information from those politicians and publish it? It is a lesson,” he said. Although it is not clear what led him to filter the data, everything indicates that there would be an economic motivation. Yoel sold the databases and the bot itself with which it extracted the data, which it charged in Bitcoins. An undercover agent. This is how they hunt. The National Audience car includes that an undercover agent “has managed to buy from the investigated access to the database that sold for 60 euros that have been paid in Bitcoins. “The second investigated, Cristian or @Pakito would be in charge of managing the cryptocurrency portfolio where they received the payments, although it has not transcended how much they won. Images | National Police in X In Xataka | Alcasec is not any youth hacker: he set up a Spanish criminal infrastructure that even had customer service bot

Mathematicians have been trying to solve the mystery of Da Vinci’s ‘vitruvio’. The answer was in sight

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The history of art is full of universal icons, but few, very few, reach the popularity level of the ‘Vitruvio man’ drawn around 1490 by Leonardo da Vinci. And it is logical. Artistic and scientific issues apart, the work has become a reference Pop. The original is preserved in the Accademia di Belle Arti Venice, but the same face, the same body, has stamped over the last decades in books, t -shirts, sweatshirts, backpacks and posters. That without counting every time we have seen it reproduced on the big screen. The most curious thing is that despite that exhibition, the ‘man of vitruvio’ is still surrounded by mysteries. Or so it was until now, at least. A London dentist believes having solved the complex mathematical puzzle that Leonardo hidden in the work. A name: Marcus Vitruvius. Leonardo da Vinci’s is (by far) the most famous, but the Tuscan genius was not the only one in representing the man of vitruvio. We keep more or less similar samples from other artists, such as Francesco Di Giorgio Martini either Giacomo Andrea de Ferrara. And it’s normal. After all, these are exercises based on the canon of the human body of Marcus Vitruvius (Exactly, hence his name), a Roman architect and engineer. It was he who many centuries before Leonardo theorized about human physiognomy in Of archiecture. “In the body, the central point is the navel. If a man placed himself on his back, with extended hands and feet and a compass focused on the nave The architect theorized Roman in the first century before our era, convinced that a man’s proportions can adjust to a square. But … how to do it? That is the theory. Different thing is practice. Throughout the different artists have launched themselves to represent human physiognomy partially inspired by the canon of proportions proposed by vitrubio. Not everyone with equal fortune. By 1490 Leonardo Da Vinci, who then was around 40, got down to work in one of his notebooks and prepared a drawing that during the last five centuries has fascinated scholars and profane. The work shows a man in several overlapping positions, standing, with extended legs and more or less open arms. All perfectly registered in a square and in a circle in an exercise that would probably have fascinated the Roman architect. We have recorded the result in memory and a quick search arrives on Google to find good quality reproductions, but there is a pending mystery: how the hell did Leonardo did? The great ask unknown. Yes, the result is obvious. And yes, the drawing is there for those who want to copy it in detail. But … what recipe Did Vinci continue to plan and execute it? What calculations did you use? Was it based on any pattern? And if so, what system did you employ? “The search for the Da Vinci geometric method has generated numerous theories, each of which tries to explain the measured relationship between the circle and the square in the original drawing,” Explain Rory Mac Sweeney, the British dentist who believes he has found the key. “For more than 500 years, the Da Vinci geometric system for the precise relationship between the circle and the square in his drawing of the ‘Vitruvio man’ has remained in the mystery,” Mac Sweeney abounds, which has just published An article reviewed by parts in Journal of Maythematics and Arts. What if the key is the golden proportion? His theory is just that, a theory, but it is interesting because it offers an alternative to the most popular explanation, which argues that to draw his drawing Da Vinci was inspired by the Aurea proportionan idea that reinforces the collaboration of the Tuscan with his compatriot Luca Paciolithe author of Of divine proportion. The problem, Remember Mac Sweeneyis that this explanation has not just been perfect. “It produces a significant error, which seems unlikely given Leonardo’s geometric precision.” Good riddle, bad explanation. Other authors have provided alternative explanations to the mystery of Vitruvio, such as Leonardo was based on octagons or a heptagon, but Mac Sweeney believes all these theories present “a fundamental problem”: they approach more or less the measures used by the artist in his diagram, but in the opinion of the British researcher it is difficult to connect them with the themes that really obsessed Da Vinci. “They are still purely abstract mathematical exercises, without connection with Leonardo da Vinci’s documented interest in human anatomy, natural functional and main relationships. As geometric riddles, they work. As explanations of Leonardo’s methodology and intentions, they do not offer a convincing justification of their specific decisions,” Reflect. Hidden “with the naked eye”. The most curious thing is that Mac Sweeney believes that the solution “has been hidden with the naked eye” in the handwritten annotations left by Leonardo himself next to the drawing. Specifically, it refers to a comment in which the artist points out that, with the body in a certain posture, the space between the legs forms an equilateral triangle. For a long time it was believed that this phrase was a simple poetic ornament, pure rhetoric or a practical guide for composition, but the British expert believes that it is the key to mystery. And what is special? That the triangle adjusts to a natural pattern, one that Mac Sweeney knows well for his dentist profession: Bonwill’s trianglean imaginary equilateral triangle of the human anatomy that marks the fundamental geometric relationship for the proper functioning of the jaw. “Connects the mandibular condyles with the midpoint of the lower central incisors and corresponds precisely to Leonardo’s explicit reference to an ‘equilateral triangle’ in its construction of the ‘vitruvio man’”, Clarify. “The construction of Leonardo demonstrates the same tetrahedral principles present in craniofacial architecture,” insists The British dentist before citing studies and calculations that reinforce its hypothesis. “The equilateral triangle, which Leonardo made explicit reference between the legs of the figure, when replicating six times around the navel, creates the … Read more

We had been asking us for years why Chernobyl wild boar were so radioactive. The answer was not in the accident

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Almost four decades after the accident of the nuclear power plant located in Prypiat, Chernobil animals They continue generating fascination. These survivors in one of the most polluted regions in Europe They surprise us In many ways, but there is an enigmatic species in this place is that of wild boar. One of the most radioactive species of Chernobil. Solving the mystery. Have A new trackrevealed by a team of researchers, about these animals: we finally know why their radioactivity is greater than that of other species. The answer does not have so much to do with the nuclear accident in itself but with something that happened quite before. More radioactive? It is very little that we still know about Chernobil animals. One of the most curious enigmas was that of wild boars. To understand why we have to talk about one of the most polluting radioactive isotopes, the Cesio 137 (CS137). The semi -dear period of this isotope (the time in which half of the atoms we have of the material will have disintegrated) is just over 30 years. The concentration of cesium in the trophic chain should in principle even reduce to a greater extent since atoms tend to leak on the ground or be dragged by the water to the rivers. Going down. That is why the level of radioactivity in animals such as deer or roams has descended significantly in the area. Not only this situation has not occurred in the towns of Jabalís: its radiation levels have remained almost constant, that is, the descent is not even in line with which the semi -detail of the CS137 would imply. Is the “wild boar paradox” Nuclear tests and radioactive truffles. The response starts from Cesium 135. The team that resolved this mystery managed to focus not on radiation levels but in its origin. They found that it was this other Isotope of Cesium who was behind this phenomenon. The CS135 has a much longer half -grooming period, which explains why the reduction had been lower. This also makes it harder to detect the presence of CS135. As Explain the responsible team From the study, each type of nuclear incident has its own “signature”. It is estimated that 90% of CS137 present in Europe was released by the Chernobil accident, but this is not the case of CS135. The origin of this is 68% in the nuclear tests developed in the context of the Fíra war. The fair depth. The feeding of wild boars has also been one of the key factors when it comes to understanding the reason for their radiation levels. These animals feed on a type of truffle (Elaphomyces) that grows in the subsoil, at depths of between 20 and 40 centimeters. As we indicated before, part of the Radioactive Cesium He leaked year after year on the floor of the area. At the rate of a few millimeters a year, the Cesium (both the one from the nuclear tests and the accident) has been advancing towards these depths, contaminating these fungi, food source of the wild boars. From Chernobil to Bavaria. The study that clarified this mystery was carried out by analyzing a population of 48 wild boar in the state of Bavariasouth of Germany. The Analysis details They were published in the magazine Environmental Science & Technology. In the long term. The study results invite us to think that the situation will not change in the short term. That is, it is unlikely that the levels of radioactivity of wild boars begin to descend in the coming years until they are equal to those presented by other similar animals such as deer or roeans. The greatest radiation present in these animals has made the hunters resist their capture. This implies that the populations of these wild boars will go increasing. Perhaps their expansion through central Europe makes the radiation levels of these animals decline generation after generation but, from what we have seen, this process could still be extended for decades. In Xataka | Birds, wild boars and even a prehistoric clam: these are some of the species that returned from extinction In Xataka | Some Spanish scientists are recreating the cranobil accident in Seville. Objective: See how it affects biodiversity Image | Joachim Reddemann / Кирил урин *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2024

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