years

A secret room in Peru hid some tubes. Now we know that elites ruled with hallucinogens 2,000 years ago

by

Long before the Inca Empire will dominate the Andes, the Chavín civilization (Active between 900 and 650 BC) had already established a complex cultural network that covered common agricultural techniques to shared forms of architecture and art. In fact, one of its most emblematic centers was Chavín de Huántara stone ceremonial monument located 430 kilometers north of Lima, whose architecture, symbols and mysterious acoustic They have intrigued To archaeologists for more than a century. That intrigue has given way to a fascinating discovery. Visionary rituals. Yes, now and through A studynew excavations and detailed chemical analyzes have revealed that a fundamental part of its social hierarchies system was based on deeply transformative rituals, enhanced by powerful hallucinogenic substances such as vilca (natural source of DMT) and wild tobacco species. These rituals, restricted to small private spaces within the ceremonial complex, were not designed for collective access, but constituted exclusive experiences for selected individuals, possibly Priests or spiritual elitesthus reinforcing the symbolic power and the established social order. Psychoactive and architecture. As Archaeologists tellthe analysis of the carved bone tubes found in several closed secret chambers has shown that they were used to Inhale substancesoffering direct evidence of the ritual use of these psychedelic drugs. Unlike the community practices observed in other Amazonian cultures, Chavín rituals were intimate, regulated and surrounded by an aura of mystery, probably destined to consolidate authority spiritual of certain individuals within a vertical structure of power. Complementing these practices, the investigators say that the temple architecture was designed to intensify the experience: Marine shell trumpets and rooms designed to amplify the sound point to a complete sensory strategy, where music and reverberation contributed to generating altered states of consciousness. Far from being mystical entertainment, these ceremonies were, According to scientistsideological tools of social cohesion, capable of inspiring the inhabitants to voluntarily collaborate in the construction of temples and monuments without the need for physical coercion. A system of avoided violence. There are much more, since one of the most suggestive findings in the study is the apparent absence of direct coercion in the Chavín Organization. The efficacy of rituals to legitimize hierarchies seems to have replaced the need for systematic repression or organized war. In this way, this delicate ideological balance was not eternal. Towards 500–400 AC, archaeological indications point to a prolonged period of Internal violenceprobably linked to a transition from a theocratic order to more secular forms of organization. This change would have undermined the symbolic bases of religious authority, leading to a progressive collapse of the social structure that the Chavín had maintained for centuries. Religion and inequality. Finally, For archaeologiststhe Chavín case demonstrates how inequality can be institutionalized, not only through force or economy, but also through deeply internally internalized beliefs. In the work they explain that the supernatural experience induced by hallucinogens became a way to naturalize The hierarchies and justify the concentration of power. The legacy of the Chavín, however, endures as a bridge between more egalitarian cultures and the sophisticated imperial structures that would arise centuries later, providing keys on how beliefs, architecture, psychoactive substances and power in the deep history of the Andes would be articulated. Image | Daniel Contreras In Xataka | Machu Picchu is 600 years old and was the great treasure of Peru. We have just discovered a 3,500 years old In Xataka | In 1594 a Jesuit described a secret tunnel near Machu Picchu. We have just confirmed the Inca underground labyrinth

I had been there for 30,000 years

by

It is no secret since some of the species that preceded the Homo sapiens They were able not only to use tools but also capable of molding and manufacturing them. And this not only refers to our “close relatives” of the genre Homolike Neanderthals or H. erectus: Millions of years ago that our ancestors already carved stones in their African habitat. A Neanderthal tool. However, it has not been until now that we have realized that a spearhead made with bone, the oldest found in Europe, It had been manufactured by a group of Neanderthals. The dating has placed its manufacture at a point between 80,000 and 70,000 years ago, before the arrival of our species to the continent. Although we knew that Neanderthals (like other previous species) were able to manufacture and use tools, to date we used to consider that Neanderthals only used stones as the main element of their utensils. The use of bones as a raw material was created a subsequent “invention”, of the sapiens. 2003. The protagonist of this story is a bone spearhead found in 2003 in the Russian cave of Mezmaiskaya, located in the northern Caucasus. The bone I could have belonged to an animal of considerable size, such as a bison. Before arrival. He study of this artifact He took the team responsible for the new study to conclude that European Neanderthals managed to develop this “technology”, before coming into contact with our species during the upper Paleolithic. Of course, the team indicates that the use of bone tip weapons was at a “nascent level” if compared to those introduced in Eurasia by the Homo sapiens. Bituminous residue. In addition to the bone, the team also lent Attention to adhesive Employee to join the tip to the body of the spear. Through various methodologies, including infrared and spectroscopy microscopy, the team studied the bituminous residue of what would have been the adherent used in the weapon and determined that it would have been linked to a body made of wood. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Journal of Archaeological Science. A key transition. Although the idea that Neanderthals were a species that in a matter of reasoning had little to envy ours, the notion that they always went “a rebufo” of the sapiens is difficult to eliminate. While the arrival of modern humans meant important changes in prehistoric Europe, It is difficult to determine In what instances were a transfer of knowledge and techniques and in what instances the Neanderthals were able to develop certain technologies. An example of this we have in The glue. Today we know that Neanderthals were able to develop compound glue that they used in their tools instead of simple glue (such as bituminous). This is not limited to the case of Neanderthals. A recent study Made in one of the oldest known African deposits, Olduvai’s, showed evidence of the use of bone tools more than one million years ago in time, even before the appearance of the first Homo sapiens. In Xataka | If the question is “when the Neanderthals and the Sapiens were crossed,” we now have the answer: about 47,000 years ago Image | Zurab Dip

The electric car has an average age of just 3.5 years and does not stop falling. It is very good news

by

Changing car is usually a reason for joy in a house. Unless you are forced by the circumstances of an unexpected breakdown or before what has been expected, acquiring a new vehicle is usually exciting for the buyer. And it is because, on average, it occurs every long. Whenever it is not electric, of course. A study. The average age of electric vehicles is 3.5 years. That is what the latest available report states S&P global in which this dynamic is studied. The figure is inferior to that of past years and remains down. In 2022, the Middle Ages was 3.7 years and in 2023 of 3.6 years. The figure contrasts with that registered for diesel and gasoline cars. Following the reverse road, the Middle Ages of the American Mobile Park has been growing over the years until it is 12.6 years. Taking into account that the electric car barely represents 3.2 million vehicles of the 286 million units in operation in the country, its impact on the Middle Ages is negligible. And in Europe? In Europe there are no data segmented by technologies. Acea, employer of manufacturers in Europe, only refers to the average age of cars in the continent and by countries. Points out that in Spain, According to the latest studiesIt is 13.9 years. A figure higher than the European average. In the continent, the average is 12.5 years. A figure that is lower because in Germany and France, the two largest car markets in Europe, the decade is barely exceeded. They are also the markets where more electric cars are bought. Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland or Sweden, countries that are located in the European average or in the upper part in the purchase of electric cars, also have lower figures in the Middle Ages of the mobile park compared to the rest of Europe. On the contrary, Spain, Italy and all the rest of Europe have the most aged mobile park. Although the almost 14 Spanish years are far from the more than 17 years of Greece, we share with those countries that the market share in the purchase of electric cars is very low, just a third of the European average. Why is the electric car important? The impact of the electric car on the Middle Ages of the mobile park is evident, especially the smaller the market. It is shown that where cars are growing are more modern. This is because the Middle Ages of the electric, as seen in the United States and is presupposed in Europe, is very low. It has all the meaning of the world. If electric car sales continue to grow, the Middle Ages has to go down. In the study of S&P global It is pointed out that in 2024 there were 50% more electric cars in American streets than in 2022. If sales are stopped, on the contrary, the age of the mobile park will increase in line. In the United States, where the sample is more than 286 million cars the impact is very low. In Europe, on the contrary, the impact is more evident because we can segment through countries. It is estimated that there is 256 million cars in circulation in Europe But Luxembourg, Germany, Sweden and Belgium are the countries where there is a higher percentage of cars with less than two years. Removing the peculiarities of Luxembourg, coincide (again) with electric sales. Two good news. That the electric car continues to expand its customer base are good news for the fleet of vehicles at European level. Confirms that every view more customers are trusting technology and that adequate incentives There are more drivers willing to jump into the electric car. It also means greater security. This is independent of the new car sold. With European obligationsa new car is always going to be safer than one with more than a decade behind it. Although they were systems that have already been seen ten years ago, now all cars (regardless of the price) have to have systems such as rear camera, emergency braking or lane output alert. And a regulate. Although with good prospects. And is that S&P globalin its report in this regard in 2023, it indicated that 6.6% of the electric cars that were in operation a decade before had been sent to recycle. The figure is higher than that of vehicles with combustion motor (5.5%). This means that the electric car becomes obsolete before, which has all the logic. We are talking about a technology that advances very quickly and, above all, has been widely improved in the autonomy offered by the vehicle. It’s easy to think about Many vehicle fleets They have gone to better life as better options have been offered. In addition, it must be taken into account that the same has been seen in the second -hand market. The depreciation of electric cars It is much faster and more accused than those of combustion. If the company interested in selling it cannot place the car, the most logical thing is to send it to destroy if you need space and replace its fleet. More and more cars. To all of the above we must add that the average age of the cars is expected to remain in the coming years since the electric car seems to have an ally between the fleets. Countries like Belgium or Germany They have discovered that the company car is an especially attractive means to boost sales of this type of car. While a individual aspires to have a car for many years in property, unless you opt for a rentiercompanies often use this formula since it allows them to renew the fleet every three or four years. If we take into account that the electric car has grown a lot among rentals And companies of all kinds, we have years ahead where its Middle Ages remains very low. Photo | In Xataka | I’ve been trying electric cars for … Read more

The DGT has been pressing a five years against Waze or Google Maps. Your solution goes through copying the French model

by

“You don’t know who you warn.” With these words, the DGT warned of the danger of giving the alarm of a traffic control through our mobile phone. It is no accident that The article It will be published in November 2024. The article clarifies the entire phenomenon seen with the one known as “Galician Method”. Last year, a person was denounced for alert 15,000 drivers through messages in a WhatsApp group of Civil Guard controls on the road. The problem is that There is no rule in the circulation code that prevents it. In the last decade, drivers have been perfecting the notices. The DGT points out that in 2012 some applications were already alerted to radars or controls but that the first boom came in 2014 with SocialDrive and Waze. Users had, in real time, information about fixed radars (That the public DGT itself) but also of mobile phones and controls. The second boom came with the Coronavirus pandemic. With the increase in road controls, users multiplied and since then many have climbed into a car from which they no longer get off. Who aspires to skip a Civil Guard control has the tools for it in Google Maps, Waze and even WhatsApp. And that is a real problem if we talk about alcohol and drug controls but also if, for a reason for general security, a device has been mounted to stop the suspect of a crime. Trying to put containment barriers, the Citizen Security Law to try to stop those WhatsApp groups with thousands of users. It is something that the DGT itself recognizes that states that in article 36.23 it is expressly prohibited “the unauthorized use of personal or professional data or professionals of authorities or members of the security forces and bodies that may endanger personal security.” However, they recognize that it is not enough and has been pressed to carry out a modification in the Traffic Law. At the moment, all that there is a proposal for the proposition of the Law born in the Commission on Road Safety of the Congress of Deputies at the proposal of the PSOE. It requested that the text reflect the obligation to “sanction those who provide information that hinders or prevents the control work of breaches of circulation standards”. In France it already applies This new wording would serve to end current doubts. The closest thing to receive a sanction for notifying the Civil Guard control is found in article 100 of the Civil Guard GENERAL CIRCULATION REGULATIONwhere the following is exposed: The use of long -range or road light is prohibited as long as the vehicle is stopped or parked, as well as alternative employment, in the form of flashes of long -range or road light and light or crossing light, with purposes other than those provided in these regulations The problem, obviously, is that this analog acting has been disused. This has led to the DGT has press and emphasize in the last five years that their intention is to chase those who use these applications to notify the controls. In 2020, Pere Navarro, director of the DGT, already put the focus on applications during mobility week in A Coruña where he pointed out his will to “Prevent, hinder or limit” Applications like Waze. The referent can have it in France. There, the famous traffic application cannot show mobile radars to users. It is an anomaly in Europe, as they collect in the Gauling country media. They point out that there the decree No. 2012-3 of January 3, 2012, which modified its circulation code more than a decade prohibits “Possession, transport and use of radar detectors”. However, this application extends to mobile applications, something that does not happen in Spain. Here, The law was modified in 2022 To punish the single presence of a radar detector. Until then the use of radar inhibitors and detectors was punished. For three years, the single presence of these devices is also punished with Fines of 200 euros and three points of the driving card for detectors and six points and up to 6,000 euros in the case of inhibitors. What the DGT wants to get is that the notices in mobile applications are also punished and the first step would be the modification in the traffic law that would allow copying the French model. What applications like Waze do is alert “danger zones”. To skip the restriction, the application allows you to add this notice on road sections, never in a specific position. With this notice, the driver already knows that a mobile radar or traffic control will be found later but is not specified in any case to stick or where it is installed. Photo | Waze on Instagram and Pricob ioan In Xataka | The DGT denounces the breakage of seven radars: there are up to half a million euros at stake and three -year jail sentences

The April Fair has served for years for people to record drunken people. There is a problem: fines

by

The April Fair from Seville it is usually synonymous with party, music, dance, rebujito, costumes and fun, but also of another trend that It has been worrying time to the Audiovisual Council of Andalusia (Fall): The #Papagorda. That said hashtag may not tell you much (or yes), but if you usually move by X, Instagram, YouTube or especially Tiktok it is likely that its content is familiar to you. Basically it consists of the publication of photos and videos of people in more or less pregnant situations after having passed with the glasses. What has been a good #Papagorda. The trend arose in 2019, during the Seville Fair, and since then it has generated a huge amount of material that circulates through the networks. The problem, like It has just recoded the caais that that can have legal consequences. Who is not going to like a good #Papagorda? The trend is not new. Your hashtag neither. Before even pandemic, during The 2019 Seville Fairbegan to circulate on Twitter (now x) a label that accompanied photos and videos that show people with one (or several) more glasses. Which? #Papagorda. The concept and the trend triumphed and since then they have been replicating year after years. During the April 2022 fair the hashtag #Papagorda22 was popular, the following year was #Papagorda23 and so on until reaching the current #Papagorda25. And what is the problem? That as the CAA remembered A report Published in 2024 the intention of these videos and images is to “mock” its protagonists, which is often recorded without their consent. And that is a problem. So much that the CAA already launched in July 2024 A warning On the legal implications of sharing that kind of material in networks and has done it again Now taking advantage The beginning of the Seville Fair. In A statement Rotundo The organism warns that moving funny and sharing certain content can leave expensive to its authors, carrying legal responsibilities and fines. Why’s that? Because one thing is that the involved is recorded and then upload the video to Tiktok (or allow others to do) and another very different is to act behind them. “The use of networks for the distribution of videos of anonymous people recorded in a drunkenness or similar without their consent, on the occasion of different celebrations, can constitute an illegitimate interference in their rights to honor, intimacy and the image itself with the legal consequences that it can entail,” argues. Is it just a warning? No. The Audiovisual Council goes further and remembers a pair of key data. First, that these rights are recognized and covered by the Article 18.1 of the Constitution and regulate in the Organic Law 1/1982which details when you can speak of “illegitimate interference” in the honor and intimacy of a person. Second, that in Spain there is already at least one precedent, a sentence that gave the reason to the affected and derived a considerable fine. “There is already the precedent of a sanction of 10,000 eurosimposed by the Spain data protection agency (AEPD), for the mass dissemination on social networks of a recorded video without consent where a person who was on public roads appears in a state of drunkenness ” remember. On that occasion the video was recorded by a stranger who was in his car and he can identify the protagonist, who was supported by a paper to maintain balance. But is it so serious? Yes. Or at least so suggest The report Published last year by the CAA, dedicated precisely to “the dissemination of videos of drunk people at the Seville Fair or other mass holidays.” Perhaps who records (and shares) the images seems an innocent joke, but The Council warns than the Hashatg #Papagorda has ended up gaining amazing public relevance. After sweeping by Google and several social networks focus especially on terms related to drunkenness and fairs, CAA has achieved figures that reveal its scope. How relevant? “Searches have been made on Google and in the internal search engines of Tiktok, X, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube. Tiktok has been one of the most used platforms for the dissemination of content with #Papagorda24 during the Seville 2024 In total. This hashtag was the 16th with more traffic in Spain as of April 2024 “, Add the CAAwhich notes that its impact on X or Tiktok has come accompanied by a “growing disapproval” by users. That’s all? No. The CAA slides also an important reflection. The problem is not just that images of drunk people are recorded and disseminated without their consent to make fun of it. The fact of sharing that material in networks also makes the final impact and the route of the videos uncontrollable. In fact, the Council recalls that the hashtag have become “viral” and have ended up attracting even media attention. “It is evident that, with the distribution of these short videos without consent, the fundamental rights of the people who appear can be violated. In addition, this risk is increased since they are distributed by platforms, with the multiplier effect of these,” ditch. Images | Channel South Media (Flickr) 1 and 2 In Xataka | In Tiktok there are men shaving the eyelashes to look more masculine. Science has bad news for them

The exomars mission already accumulates 20 years of calvary and bad luck

by

Mars seems to have a special online to the European space agency and, more specifically, to the exomars mission and his Rover Rosalind Franklin. What promised to be a pioneer mission for Europe in the search for past life on the red planet has become a true technological and geopolitical calvary, a saga of misfortunes that leads to ask if the rover will not simply be cursed. From NASA to Russia. The exomars odyssey It started two decades agoin 2005, with the aim of launching a rover to Mars in 2011. Initially conceived in collaboration with NASA, the mission suffered a first capital setback in 2012, when the US agency, due to the cost overruns in projects such as the James Webb space telescope, decided to retire. Nor was the European prominence of the mission funny. This first jug of cold water forced ESA to look for a new partner to desperate. The Russian Space Agency Roscosmos. Russia would provide the proton rockets for the two phases of the mission and a crucial element: the Kazachok descent module that would be in charge of the Martian landing of the rover. A second setback. The first phase of the mission, launched in 2016included the Trace Gas Orbiter probe, which operates successfully in the Martian orbit. Also the Schiaparelli landing module, designed to test “mooring” technologies. Schiaparelli crashed into the surface because he misunderstood the accelerometer readings: he mistakenly assumed that he had landed and fired the roof and parachute early. On Earth, the launch of the Rover, scheduled for 2018, was postponed to 2020 for problems with The parachutes and delays in the delivery of components. Then, the Covid-19 pandemia He added more delays, pushing the launch window at 2022. And then, war. The Rover was baptized ‘Rosalind Franklin’ in honor of the British crystallographer whose x -ray diffraction images were fundamental to reveal the double helix structure of the DNA. When everything seemed (finally) on track, with the rover ready for a few months of takeoff, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 He dynamited collaboration. ESA, in an inevitable decision, suspended cooperation with Roscosmos, leaving Rosalind Franklin orphan of a pitcher and, above all, of landing platform. A devastating blow. Light at the end of the tunnel. Baptized ‘Rosalind Franklin’ in honor of the British crystallographer whose X -ray diffraction images were fundamental to reveal the double propeller structure of the DNA, the rover did not raise head. But that decided not to throw in the towel. Member States pledged new financing in the mission and ESA chose to develop a European landing platform. Thales Alenia Space was selected as the main contractor in April 2024 with a contract of 522 million euros, but it is Airbus Defense and Space the one that will be in charge of design and construction of the landing module, which, ironically, keep a great resemblance With Russian Kazachok. And now what. When light was finally seen at the end of the tunnel, The budget proposed by the White House For NASA it seems to leave out the contribution of the US agency in the European Rover. According to Eric Berger, from Ars Technica, in addition to the Mars Sample Mission Return of Return of the Red Planet, in which Europe also participated, The contribution of NASA was disappearing in the European Rover Rosalind Franklin. It was a modest, but crucial contribution to the mission: Plutonium -based RHU heater. For now, the launch date of the Misión Exomars and the Rover Rosalind Franklin remains scheduled by the end of 2028, with A landing in the Martian plain Oxia Planum planned for 2030. A long trajectory to avoid the season of global dust storms on Mars. Rover Rosalind Franklin will carry its drill capable of drilling up to two meters under the surface, where possible biofirms would be protected from radiation. Image | DSIT, that In Xataka | Exomars, this is the most ambitious Mars mission in Europe

What is, how it works and how to install the new European alternative to Google Maps with 25 years of experience

by

Let’s explain What is Mapythe European alternative to Google Maps. It is an application that already has 25 years of history and experience, but that after having been all this time being a local tool has now opened to all. We are going to start explaining what this tool is and where it comes from. Then we will tell you its main functions, and we will end up giving you the links to be able to install and use it. What is Mapy Mapy is a map application that He was born in 1998 in the Czech Republic. During all these years it has been a local service in this country, initially with cars maps in certain cities. Then, the service was growing progressively. One of the keys to its growth was to have been bought by the Czech company Seznam.cz, which began to boost the application. The final step was given in this 2025, when they changed their domain .CZ for a .com, and began to work globally to reach more users. At the moment, mapy.com It has detailed maps around the world, and is translated into Spanish In addition to many other languages. You can use it both in a web version and in mobile applications. What Mapy offers Mapy offers practically the same as Google Maps. You have road maps around the world, but also a restaurant and public services index., including phones and opening schedules. You can also see the climate you make in the area where you are. With the maps you will be able to draw routes and receive indications when you are using it in the car. In addition, one of its differentiating characteristics is that information and Routes very thought for hiking or to go by bicycle. You can also look for ATMs or accommodations in the application. When offering you the routes you will not do it with Google services. Inside your country you use your own data, but when you go out of the Czech Republic Use Open Street Maps datathe open source service. You will have several layers of maps, including aerial photos, base, tourist information or winter maps. Also You can use the app in your car with Android Auto or Apple Car. The bad news is that, at least at the level of Spain, the information of the establishments is not so complete, and in some cases expired or erroneous data appears. Even so, You can send corrections whenever you want. There are also some services, such as real -time traffic information, which only work in certain countries such as Germany or Austria. Mapy has a free version and another paymentsomething understandable when you do not have the financial muscle of large companies such as Google or Apple. In exchange for 19 euros a year That you offer you will have routes to run or do several types of sports, speed meter walking or bike or download of offline maps on your mobile. How to use Mapy and lower your app You can use Mapy both with its official website and its applications For mobiles. The official website is mapy.com/eswhere you can start accessing its content. Then, applications are available In Google Play For Android and In the App Store of iOS. In Xataka Basics | 61 European alternatives to Google, X, Gmail, Chrome, Maps, Dropbox, Google Drive, WhatsApp and other popular services

Temu has been an advertising reef for years for the US Big Tech. That ended

by

In February 2024, the 58th edition of the Super Bowl was held, and during the break a very special announcement was issued. It was titled ‘Shop Like A Billionaire‘(‘ Buy as if you were a billionaire ‘) and published it Temuthe Chinese e -commerce giant. That turned out to be a swan song more than anything else, because this Chinese company (along with others like Shein) now has a very complicated future in the United States. Temu’s advertising expenditure on Big Tech collapses. As revealed In The New York Timesin the two -week period that began on March 31, Temu spent 31% less on Facebook advertising on Facebook, Instagram, Tiktok, Snap, X and YouTube of what did it on average on those platforms in the previous 30 days. The data are from the Consultant Sensor Tower, who also stressed that Shein also lowered her advertising investment: 19% those two weeks compared to the average in recent periods. Temu and Shein spent barbarity. Both companies were two of the large sources of advertising of the US Big Tech. According to The Wall Street JournalTemu invested 2,000 million dollars in advertising in goal in 2023, and was also one of the great advertisers in Google. In The New York Times they cited an equally striking estimate: according to Bernstein Research data, Temu spent 3,000 million dollars in marketing in 2023. Picture drop. But the panorama has changed radically. On April 5 Temu represented 19% of all ads published in Google Shopping in the US, but that figure fell to 0% a week later. Shein went from 20% to early 0% on April 16, according to data from the Tinuiti consultant. Apps fall into rankings. So far the mobile apps of Temu and Shein used to be among the 10 most downloaded in the United States. Now his popularity is falling, and they have left that top 10. Target warns. Susan Li, CFO of Meta, said in a recent conference with investors that some Chinese electronic commerce companies – without specifying – had reduced their advertising expenditure. Last year Chinese advertisers generated 18.4 billion dollars of target revenues. That represented 11% of the total and twice what was achieved in 2022. Pessimism is spread. Snap indicated after presenting financial results that “a subset of advertisers” had cut the advertising expenditure due to changes in shipments to the US. They did not want to provide estimates for the current quarter indicating that tariffs generated uncertainty. Google also showed its concern: its business director, Philipp Schindler, explained that changes with “obviously causing a slight setback to our advertising business in 2025”. The end of “of minimis“. Donald Trump, president of the United States, He signed in April an executive order for which the rule is put in the end of minimis. This exception has allowed for years that packages with value below $ 800 can enter the United States without paying taxes. It is a mechanism that platforms such as Shein or Temu have used to offer really competitive prices in their merchandise, but others such as Amazon, Etsy or Ebay have also benefited. Trump already warned. In February, the US government began its particular tariff war against China, imposing 10% tariffs on all types of Chinese merchandise. The end of the exception of minimis -carrying almost a century Activa – was actually an announced death, and its impact is huge, both in China and in the US. Trump momentarily suspended the exception then, but it is now when it is disabled indefinitely. Temu stop sending to the US. The Executive Order has caused Temu stop all shipments from China to US buyers. As they point out In CNBCa CNBC spokesman has indicated that all sales in that country are now managed by local sellers and are completed from the country itself, precisely to prevent tariffs from affecting those sales. Before the change, buyers tried to buy Temu products sent from China They faced each other At “import rates” between 130 and 150%, which caused many of those products to fold their price. Image | Goal | Freerlaw In Xataka | Chinese companies have found a “shortcut” to dodge US tariffs: re -estate in South Korea

Modern oil did not invent anything. China already extracted natural gas 2,000 years ago and transported it by bamboo pipes

by

Possibly, many consider that oil industry And modern gas, with its platforms, deep wells, pumping systems and distribution networks, is a creation of the nineteenth century onwards, one associated with Western industrialization. And although they are not entirely wrong, the truth is that there was already a nation that had developed techniques for drilling, extraction and transporting energy resources with a simply amazing level of sophistication. That nation was China, and he did it a thousand years before Edwin Drake will pierce the first commercial oil well in 1859. Before the crude. As we said, although the collective imaginary places the beginning of the exploitation of hydrocarbons in the industrial revolution From the nineteenth century, history shows that ancient civilizations had already developed surprisingly advanced techniques of energy extraction. In fact, in the Chinese province of Sichuan, more than one millennium before the first commercial wells in the United States or Russia, entire communities already They pierced the earth To get brine And, later, natural gas. The salt searchvital for food conservation and human nutrition, led Chinese engineers to devise sophisticated Performant drilling systemsoperated with bamboo towers, pulleys, jump platforms and specialized metal tools that remember, in many ways, those used in the modern oil industry. Challenging your time. The wells, initiated during the PERIOD OF THE COMBATING KINGDOMS (480–221 AC), reached depths of up to 250 meters already in the Tang dynastyand exceeded the kilometer in the nineteenth century, long before the West even dreamed of such achievements. For each phase of the process they were used Different Broks (Fish tail, silver or horseshoe ingot) adapted to the type of rock. I also know They developed solutions for problems such as broken bits or collapsed wells, using ingenious technologies such as elongated bamboo tubes With fin valves, hydraulic cements based on Tung oil, and shutter with expanded straw. Then, around 1050, the introduction of flexible bamboo cables It allowed to achieve greater depths and simplify the operations a little more. By 1835, the Shenghai well reached officially The 1,000 meters deepa milestone in the world. From the byproduct to the energy treasure. Everything changed at a given time. During drilling in search of brine, workers began to run into Natural gas bagsinitially seen as dangerous or useless. But over time, that gas (mainly methane, often mixed with hydrogen sulphide) was recognized as energy resource and used for lighting, heating and, above all, to feed the boilers that evaporated the brine. This transition became crucial when deforestation prevented continuing to use firewood. The need promoted the invention of the call Drum Kang Penwhich allowed to extract and separate simultaneously gas and brine, and early carburetor that mixed gas with air to achieve more efficient combustion. In turn, the old perforators also included geology rudiments, placing gas wells in high areas and brine in valleys, according to the formation of underground bags. Industrial Network Without Pare. Over the centuries, the region was filled with bamboo towers, merchant ships and an infrastructure that included hundreds of kilometers of pipes Bamboo built completely. Far from being rudimentary, those pipes were precisely sealed by tung oil cement and braided rope, which made them surprisingly stagnant and durable. To get an idea, in the 1950s they were still operational More than 95 km of these conductions. A complex system that transformed Zigong and other cities into industrial, commercial and cultural centers. The operation was so extensive that it required uninterrupted shifts and written legal contracts (some of the first in the history of China) to distribute tasks and resources. Historical and legacy. The scale and sophistication of the Sichuan gas field eclipsed other premodern operations in Europe or Central Asia, such as those of Naples or Bakú. Beyond the volume produced, the most notable was the continuity and efficiency of the system itself. Even today, the region produces some 30,000 million cubic meters of gas annually, in many cases from perforated wells centuries ago. However, the work is still dangerous: in 2003, an explosion of gas near Chongqing He killed 233 people and left 9,000 intoxicatedbut the accumulated experience over almost 2,000 years avoided a major catastrophe. That technical and human legacy is, in fact, honest in the Shanxi Salt Museumwhere original tools and detailed models are preserved that document an industrial feat advanced to their time by millennia. If you want too, the Sichuan history Not only does it rewrite the origins of oil and gas in a certain way: redefine what we consider possible in ancient civilizations. Image | Thomas dependb, CSEG In Xataka | In its effort to extract oil, China is beating records: it has drilled a well -deep well In Xataka | 2025, a raw year: the sanctions to the Russian ships and the tension with China are raising the price of oil

67 years ago Pope Pius XII starred in the most macabre goodbye of the Church. The reason: exploded in full funeral

by

Throughout his almost two decades as Pope, Pius XII had to deal with the complex scenario of World War II and The Holocaustwhich has made it A controversial figure. His critics accuse him of having silent before the Nazi extermination. His supporters see in him a strategist who maneuvered to save lives and prevent Hitler’s wrath from being on Christians and Jews. Curiously and After the death of Francisco Ithese days his name is playing for a very different reason: His caulitous funeralthat probably make the burial of Pius XII the most macabre and commented of the long history of the Vatican. After all There are few chronicles that they argue that during their funeral one of the worst things occurred that can happen in such circumstances: his body exploded for the past of the curia and the doctors. Literally. A goodbye with controversy Pius XII had a pontificate convulsive. And very much in spite of (and that of the church) their last days were fogged by the same feeling. Although his agony was not especially long (he felt bad October 6 of 1958 and died only a few days later, on Thursday 9) everything related to his health status became an obsession for the press. So much interested and such was the fight to publish in first the death of the Pope that some media decided to use a first level source: the doctor Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisiwho for decades had been a friend, confidant and personal doctor (Pontifical file) of Pius XII. “In those days the Vatican was extremely hermetic and it would not have occurred to him He remembered in 2005 The journalist Alexander Chancellor. When in 1968 he put himself at the head of the Reuters delegation in Italy, he himself met an old red phone in the office that, as his colleagues explained, had been installed there ten years before to be able to contact Galeazzi-Lisi. The problem is that the doctor turned out to be a source as influential as unreliable and lack of scruples. Over time Galeazzi-Lisi It would end up expelled of the Vatican for allegedly wanting to take advantage of his position at the Holy See while the Pope agonized. To be precise, They accused him to strain a camera in their room to photograph the dying and then sell the material. The reward was juicy. ABC remember that there were magazines and editorials that offered him $ 3,200 for the snapshots and another 20,000 for his story. It was not the only thing that the doctor was accused. From Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi, it is also said that he promised to give a journalist’s death exclusively. The pact was allegedly that when Pius XII had gone to better life, the doctor would open a window of the papal residence. With what they did not tell, neither the doctor nor the press was that the heat of the Roman October took a nun to open that same window to ventilate the building, which led the reporter to misunderstand the signal. Other sources They assure that what Galeazzi-Lisi had committed was to stir a handkerchief and that the journalist confused him with a curtain moved by the wind. Whatever the right version, the truth is that on Wednesday, October 8, when the Pope was Agonizing but still aliveseveral media went out with a news as resounding as false: “Il Papà è Morto”. There were still several hours for Pius XII to die due to a “circulatory disorder.” The news was made public another better doctor, Antonio Gasbarrini. The most curious thing is that the main (and infamous) participation of Galeazzi-Lisi in the last goodbye of Pius XII began just then, after the death of the Pope. A frustrated embalming Although Francisco I simplified Papal funeral In order for the ceremony to look more like that of “a shepherd” than to “a powerful man of this world”, his funeral has made clear once again that the burial of a high pontiff is an unusual event. It is estimated that in just a few days about 250,000 people They passed before the coffin, in the Basilica of San Pedro del Vaticano, to say goodbye to him. In times of Pius XII something similar happened. The body used to stay Exposed for days so that the faithful could transmit their goodbye. And that, of course, required trying to remain preserved in the best possible conditions as much time as possible. The usual thing was that they retired part of the body of the body, but that idea did not seem like Pius XII too much, determined to be buried “As God created it”. In His memoirs Galeazzi-Lisi recounts how to these misgivings he decided to speak to the Pope of a new conservation technique that he had developed with a colleague of Naples, a simple, little invasive method of a mixture of herbs and essential oils. The technique was known as “Aromatic osmosis”it had been prepared by Galeazzi-Lisi with the help of a embalder called Oreste Nuzzi and one of its great advantages was that it barely required to manipulate (or eviscerate) the body of the deceased. It arrived with submerge it in the oil and aromatic herbs preparation and then wrapped it in layers. The doctor assured that the method was similar to that used by the Egyptians in their rites or the one that had been used with Jesus Christ. In his galeazzi-lisi memories even He recounts How he showed Pius XII a hand treated with his mixture. “He was amazed to see his appearance”. Did the Pope accepted that new technique to his body? It is not clear. What seems to be that Galeazzi-Lisi managed to achieve the approval of the Church. The works started on October 10 and priori followed the doctor’s guidelines: the body of the Holy Father was treated with the preparation of herbs and oils and then covered with a kind of cellophane to “conserve volatile aromas and ensure the best … Read more

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.