violating

For years, TV ads have been louder without violating any laws. Spain has decided that this is over

by

A common experience among millions of viewers: you are watching your favorite series at a comfortable volume when an advertising block bursts in, forcing you to rush headlong towards the remote control. This calculated shock could have its days numbered in Spain thanks to quantifiable technical criteria to monitor the sound level of advertisements. The law. The National Markets and Competition Commission has established for the first time a series of criteria so that the sound level of the advertising blocks does not exceed that of the programs, according to the agreement INF/DTSA/083/25 published on November 20, 2025. The regulations extend the regulation that from summer 2025 DTT governs the entire audiovisual ecosystem: video streaming platforms such as YouTube and on-demand services, music applications such as Spotify, pay television and conventional and digital radio stations. The regulator warns that non-compliance constitutes a minor infraction with penalties that can reach 200,000 euros in serious cases. The technical deception: dB vs. LUFS. The advertising industry has for decades exploited a fissure in the traditional measurement of sound. Conventional decibels record the electrical amplitude of the signal, but ignore a crucial factor: how the human brain processes that sound information. Two recordings may register identical values ​​on a traditional peak meter, and yet one is perceived as noticeably louder than the other. The secret is in the frequency composition. Our auditory system responds unevenly depending on the pitch: mid frequencies (especially between 1 and 4 kHz, where the human voice is concentrated) are much more audible to us than deep bass or extreme treble. This physiological characteristic allows advertisers to create messages that sound louder without violating technical decibel limits. The birth of the LUFS. The solution came when the International Telecommunication Union published the ITU-R BS.1770 standardadopted in August 2010 by the European Broadcasting Union. This system introduces the LUFS (Loudness Units relative to Full Scale), which integrate a weighting filter K that mathematically replicates the sensitivity of the ear. The result: a measurement that reflects actual perception, not just electrical power. Spain aligns itself with Europe. He Royal Decree 250/2025approved in March, established for the first time an objective parameter for Spanish DTT: -23.0 LUFS with a tolerance of ±1.0 LU (Loudness Unit). This figure is not arbitrary, but coincides exactly with the normalized value that the European Broadcasting Union has been recommending since 2010. The CNMC has now taken the next step and has extended these criteria beyond traditional television. Implementation. The Spanish regulator has opted for a gradual approach. The CNMC does not require platforms to reencode millions of hours of historical content immediately. The document allows operators to adopt “technical criteria that offer an equivalent level of protection”, a flexible formula that recognizes the characteristics of each medium. But implementation faces complex obstacles. While traditional television networks control every second of broadcast from a production room, the streaming It works with distributed architectures where advertising is dynamically inserted through programmatic systems. YouTube, for example, hosts content generated by millions of users with disparate equipment, from professional studios to smartphones. Technically monitoring each ad inserted in real time in this tangle becomes a considerable logistical challenge. Photo of Vadim Babenko in Unsplash / Elyas Pasban in Unsplash

The war in Ukraine has crossed a red line in Europe. They are no longer drones violating airspace, they are nuclear plants

by

Ukraine has once again placed the nuclear alarm at the center of the European conflict after denouncing that Russia is deliberately attacking the electrical substations that feed the Khmelnitsky and Rivne power plants. According to Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha, drone attacks are not isolated incidents, but planned operations to endanger continental nuclear security. It happens that drones are reaching European power plants. The drone offensive. Over the past weekend, Moscow launched more than 450 drones and 45 missiles against various regions of Ukraine, causing at least seven dead and damage to critical infrastructure. In Dnipro, a drone hit a residential building, killing three people, while other attacks occurred in Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia. kyiv accuses Russia of instrumentalizing the atomic risk as a psychological weapon and trying to cause an accident in plants that still depend on external electricity supply to avoid a collapse of the cooling system. Nuclear risk. In parallel, Moscow is advancing with its own nuclear agenda: the Russian Foreign Minister, Sergei Lavrov, confirmed that the Kremlin is working on proposals for a possible nuclear test on the direct order of Vladimir Putin, a response to US President Donald Trump’s recent statement that Washington could resume their own tests. The atomic stress between both powers, exacerbated by the war in Ukraine, has plunged Europe into a scenario of unprecedented vulnerability since the Cold War. The epicenter of the threat: Belgium. While Ukraine try to contain the Russian offensive on its own territory, Western Europe has begun to feel the echoes of a hybrid war that expands beyond the front. In Belgium, one of the countries with the highest density of critical infrastructure on the continent, there has been a wave of raids of drones over strategic installations. The most alarming took place at the Doel nuclear power plant, located next to the port of Antwerp, when three drones were initially detected at dusk on November 9, which were later confirmed as five different devices flying over the complex for almost an hour. The energy company Engie, which manages the plant, assured that operations were not affected, but authorities activated the National Crisis Center and reinforced security in the area. Belgium nuclear plant near Doel And more. Hours before, air traffic at Liège airport was had suspended briefly after multiple reports of drones, and in the previous days both Brussels airport and the Kleine Brogel air base (where NATO nuclear weapons are stored) had been targeted of similar sightings. Research points to a coordinated pattern affecting several northern European countries, including Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, where unidentified aerial intrusions have also been reported. Suspicions of espionage. Belgian Defense Minister Theo Francken has linked sightings with possible foreign espionage operations and pointed to Russia as the most plausible suspect, although without conclusive evidence. The country’s intelligence services consider that drones could be part of a recognition strategy aimed at evaluating the European response capacity to combined attacks on critical infrastructure. The accumulation of incidents led the Belgian government to convene a National Security Council, after which the Minister of the Interior, Bernard Quintin, assured that the situation was “under control”although he recognized the seriousness of the incursions. The United Kingdom, France and Germany announced sending specialized personnel and equipment to assist Belgium in the detection and neutralization of hostile drones, a gesture that underlines the shared fear that the border between visible war and covert war is becoming dangerously blurred. Technological epicenter. Faced with this new dimension of the conflict, Ukraine has positioned itself as a key actor in the technological response. President Volodymyr Zelensky advertisement the upcoming opening of defense production offices in Berlin and Copenhagen before the end of the year, with the aim of strengthening industrial cooperation on drones and electronic weapons. These “export capitals”, according to his wordsthey will finance the domestic production of scarce equipment and help European allies build their own defensive systems. kyiv, which has made the use of drones one of the pillars of its military strategy, now offers your experience to countries that are beginning to suffer firsthand the effects of the Russian hybrid war. Ukraine as a test. In parallel, Ukrainian creativity in the improvised field of defense is reflected even in unusual solutions: old fishing nets French drones, made from horse hair, are being reused to create tunnels where the propellers of Russian drones become trapped. In contemporary warfare, technology intersects with craftsmanship, and ingenuity has become a form of national survival. Nuclear vulnerability. The incidents in Belgium and Ukraine reveal the same constant: the European nuclear infrastructure (plant, wiring, energy, logistics) has become a target symbolic and strategic. The attacks on Ukrainian substations that feed power plants and the drones that fly over Belgian reactors expose the fragility of a continent that depends on complex systems where any sabotage can multiply its effects. The threat no longer comes only from missiles, but from invisible swarms of drones, of disinformation, of political and technological engineering that undermines stability from within. Russia, faced with isolation and with a still powerful military industry, seems willing to use this asymmetry as an instrument of prolonged pressure. The European responsestill fragmentary, is beginning to be articulated between military cooperation, technological innovation and civil defense. Plus: the lesson left by this sequence of attacks and suspicions seems clear. In the Europe of 2025, the border between energy security and military security has fadedand the future of continental stability could depend less on the size of armies than on how quickly a drone is detected on radar before reaching a nuclear power plant. Image | Trougnouf, Wwuyts In Xataka | The latest tactic of the Russians in Ukraine breaks with the previous one: they have gone from appearing “out of nowhere” to directly disappearing In Xataka | Orion was the Russian version of the US’s most lethal drone. Ukraine can’t believe it when it opens: it’s not a version, it’s the work of the US

The threat of Russia is no longer drones, they are now combat airplanes violating airspace. And Europe has taken its fighters

by

First it was a swarm of Russian drones entering Poland’s airspace. NATO He responded with fire. That first order of Moscow has had its continuation last Friday, when three Russian fighters did the same In Estonia. NATO response was overwhelmed again. However, threat and tension, far from lesseing, has increased a few hours ago About the Baltic Sea. Russian incursion in Estonia. As we said, the recent cross of three fighters MIG-31 Foxhound Russians in Estonia’s airspace All alarms In Eastern Europe and has tested the immediate response capacity of NATO. The intrusion, occurred on The island of Vaindloo In the Gulf of Finland, it was carried out without flight plans, with transponders off and without communication with the Sonian air control services, which makes it an act deliberately provocative. Given this, the new Eastern Sentry operationwith the takeoff of Italian F-35 fighters of the Baltic Air Police Detachment, to which devices were added Swedes Jas 39 flu and Finnish fighters to intercept and monitor intruders. The episode It is not isolated: It continues at the entrance of 19 Russian drones in Poland and Romania the previous week, of which several were demolished by Polish and Dutch forces, and others crashed into Polish territory. These incidents demonstrate a Russian pressure pattern that seeks to test the limits of the alliance. Reactions. The political response was swift. Estonia Foreign Minister He described the incursion of “unprecedented provocation” and demanded rapid measures of political and economic pressure. Prime Minister Estonia communicated directly with NATO general secretary, Mark Rutte, who reiterated the solidarity of the organization and the need for reinforce deterrence In the region. In addition, Estonia announced that he will convene for the first time in his 34 years as a member of the United Nations an emergency meeting of the Security Council. European diplomacy, in the voice of Kaja Kallas, He condemned the act As a “dangerous provocation” and stressed that it was already the third violation of community airspace in a few days, promising more support for the defense of the Baltic states. In parallel, voices in Lithuania They suggested that the alliance should be willing to demolish intruder planes, remembering the Turkish 2015 precedentwhen a Russian Su-24 was killed on the border with Syria. A Russian Mig 31 The legal framework. Given the situation, Estonia considers invoke article 4 of the North Atlantic Treaty, which forces allies to joint consultations provided that one of them feels threatened their safety, such as Poland already did After the intrusion of Russian drones. The activation of this mechanism reflects the severity with which the threat is perceived and the need to show cohesion against Moscow. The Eastern Sentry operation, launched days before, initially provides rapid reaction fighters and an anti -aircraft, with the perspective of extending from The Arctic to the Black Sea to cover the entire eastern flank of the alliance against drones, missiles and airplanes. General Alexus Grynkewich, Supreme Commander Allied in Europe, He stressed that this new frame will allow a more flexible and focused defense where it is required. A Russian IL-20m German interception. A few hours ago the tension It has increased. The output of Two German Eurofighter From the Rostock-Laage base to intercept a Russian IL-20M recognition plane on the Baltic Sea, it has placed the region again in the center of the climb between Moscow and NATO. Again, the Russian apparatus flew with the transposeor off, without responding to contact calls, an increasingly common pattern in incursions that are interpreted as acts of deliberate provocation. The incident came just days after the incursion of the three Russian Mig-31 fighters. The strategic pulse of Moscow. For Poland and Baltic states, incidents are not isolated, but part of a sequence of calculated steps of harassment. Just a few days ago and as we count, Warsaw denounced Lat the fall of 19 Russian drones In its territory, and its Foreign Minister described the Kremlin strategy as a series of incremental provocations, always on the edge, but without reaching the open conflict. The discovery of remains of a lure drone in a Polish forest reinforces the sensation constant trial of NATO defenses. Meanwhile, the Kremlin He denies responsibility and accuses the West, in particular to the United Kingdom, to lead an alleged “warmongering field” that prevents progress in the resolution of the war in Ukraine. The fissures of the West. One of the most disturbing elements in this context is the perception that the United States could be reducing its commitment in the defense of the eastern flank. Bloomberg cited Kremlin sources according to which Putin would have concluded, after his summit with Donald Trump in Alaska, that Washington will not significantly reinforce kyiv’s military capacity, which encourages Moscow to intensify its attacks to force Ukrainian capitulation. In parallel, The Guardian told that reports that the White House plans to reduce security assistance to Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, despite being countries directly exposed to Russian pressure. Trump’s statement, stating that he would defend Europe but without deepening details, adds strategic ambiguity at a time of high voltage. Climbing risk. Baltic and Central European leaders agree that the situation is dangerously approaching A breakdown. The president of Latvia, Edgars Rinkēvičs, warned that, although Russia strives to clearly exceed red lines, erratic logic and incompetence at different levels of the Russian system could lead to a real clash, whose responsibility would fall on the Kremlin. From Prague, President Czech Peta Pavel He claimed an answer Firm and united from NATO, remembering that giving in to the aggression would be equivalent to “turning your back on evil.” The shadow of a greater conflict plans on the northeast European: each new air incursion or drone attack increases the probabilities of a calculation error that precipitates a direct confrontation. Ukraine and a way. Under this climate of growing hostility, President Zelensky declaredbefore traveling to the UN, who would be willing to meet with Putin, even with Trump, to explore A political exit. … Read more

The AI ​​industry is only sustainable violating Copyright laws. So you are trying to eradicate them

by

Last Saturday Jack DORSEY, Twitter co -founder (now X) and Square (now Block), published a message in x With a overwhelming phrase: “Eliminate all intellectual property laws.” Elon Musk would answer shortly after adding to the idea with a “I agree.” The message has unleashed a debate on intellectual property laws, and does so at a particularly unique time. AFFORE Copyright. Jack DORSEY’s proposal is just the last of the movements in that same direction. Some companies and technology personalities in the United States are asking that the country discarding laws related to intellectual property, something that would be fantastic for those who have trained AI models with works protected by intellectual property. Demands everywhere. Comments arrive in fact just at a time when AI companies They do not stop being sued for copyright rape. The origin of these legal cases is always the same: these companies have been accused of training their models with works and contents Protected by copyright. “Fair use”. Goal, which downloaded More than 80 TB of bookssome of them protected by the laws of Copyright and intellectual property, recently participated in a trial for an older demand For this same subject. Your lawyers They assured that the company did not violate the laws of Copyright, and that they had made A “fair use” Of those books to be able to develop their AI model, call. OpenAi already asked for a white letter. The company led by Sam Altman is one of the most affected by these demands. In a proposal published just a month ago Openai requested that the laws of Copyright in the US be eradicated with the objective of “preserving the ability of American models to learn from materials with copyright.” For Altman, the training of AI models should be free of possible demands for copyright rape, and the same now express Dorsy and Musk. And Google also bothers the copyright. Google has also been accused of using content protected by copyright to train its AI models. In A statement last March the company requested “balanced copyright rules” and explicitly appointed “fair use and text mining and data” as exceptions for these laws. Justice is barely pronounced. The truth is that demands on copyright violation by AI models They started arriving Shortly after the launch of Chatgpt, but at the moment there have been few judicial sentences. Those that have, by the way, have been small victories for IA companies. And they continue, and continue. And the situation does not help control this legal collapse in which the world of AI is located. There have been no punishments or consequences for companies, which at most have been protected by reaching agreements with some editorial groups either Content platforms. However, the implications of these violations are clear for artists in all kinds of disciplines and content creators, who see how their works are used without consent –and without compensation– For something they can’t control while the world seems to turn a blind eye. In Xataka | 5,000 “tokens” of my blog are being used to train an AI. I have not given my permission

Millions of people are interested again in Chatgpt. The problem is that he has achieved it by violating copyright

by

Networks had long since They didn’t go so crazy with an artificial intelligence tool. Normally there is a certain bustle when something attracts more attention to the account, but what has happened with the generation of chatgpt images based on GPT-4O It does not make any meaning. The generative AI has achieved something that had not achieved: surprise the user on foot. And he has done so shows one of the greatest criticisms of this technology: the violation of copyright. Content ©. In recent hours, social networks have been filled with memes, images and avatars edited by ChatgPT for look like Studio Ghibli drawings. The images are really spectacular, to César what is from Caesar, but it is not convenient to forget that an AI knows how to generate an image of a horse because, among other things, it has been trained with millions and millions of images of horses. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Otherwise. If an AI like chatgpt-4o is capable of converting or generating an image With the style of a specific author It is because it knows what the concrete author’s style is like. That is, ChatGPT-4O must have been trained with related content, based or generated by the study founded by Hayao Miyazaki. And what about that content? Which is beautiful, emotional and close, but not free or public domain. It is contained in copyright, an issue that has brought to ChatgPT and head OpenAi since its inception. It is no secret. Of course not. Chatgpt was trained with a huge amount of data obtained from the Internet, websites, books, publications in social networks, academic articles, etc. Content that can be freely accessible, but not for that reason. An image that is “on the Internet” is not “on the Internet”, is housed on a server that can belong to a company and can have (and surely) copyright. That you can see and download it for free to your mobile to use the wallpaper does not mean that you can print it and sell it or illustrate the cover of your next novel with it. Click on the image to go to Tweet. “Live artists”. Openai claims to have opted for a “conservative approach” for the images that use the work of other artists and have “added a denial that is activated when a user tries to generate an image with the style of a living artist.” Like Miyazaki, for example. Before the flood of images generated with the style of the Japanese cartoonist, a company spokesman has told Business Insider that Openai will prevent “generations with the style of individual individual artists”, but will allow “broader studies styles.” In other words, Hayao Miyazaki no style, Studio Ghibli style yes. Which has its ironic point, because in the year 2016after seeing a demo of an animation generated by AI, the teacher Miyazaki said “I would never want to incorporate this technology into my work. I firmly believe that it is an insult to life itself.” My neighbor Totoro | Image: Studio Ghibli The style. It should be noted that no one can prevent someone from doing works with the style of Miyazaki or Studio Ghibli. The style is not protected per se. Another story, and is where the quid of the matter is, is to use protected works to train an AI capable of replicating that style. That is the real problem. We could understand it as the fan art: You can make an illustration of Pikachu, print it and put it in your room, no problem. What you can’t do is sell that illustration. OpenAi’s headache. This access and use of copyright content for commercial purposes has earned Openai some other complaintbeing the most important that of New York Times. Getty also denounced Stable Diffusion for having used their images to train models, Anthropic was denounced By a group of authors for having used their books to train Claude and a goal, apparently, downloaded 81.7 TB of books With copyright to train your models. The conclusion is clear and we have addressed it on occasion: The price to be paid for having artificial intelligence is the looting of all the contents on the Internet, beyond that AI companies They support and hide in the Fair Use. With generative artificial intelligence it seems to have assumed that if it is on the Internet it is free, and the reality is that it is not always. All large AI companies have ignored Copyright laws And, for the moment, there is no consequences. The debate, however, is far from finishing and probably this is not the last time it is put on the table. Cover image | @MDURBAR In Xataka | The generative AI has a huge problem with the content without a license to train. Adobe is trying to solve it

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.