summer

The effect of heat on our heart rate when playing in summer

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It is the summer stamp: go running or riding by bike and, a few minutes later, the pulsometer is triggered to figures that do not correspond to the effort. And it’s not a strange thing to see. It is the body that is trying to respond to a series of stimuli such as heat and exercise, and understanding its physiology is important for Do not turn sports into a health risk. Exercising in summer is a great challenge. In this situation the body is forced to respond to two specific demands. On the one hand, Muscles in action need a lot of energy in the form of ATP To contract. However, this is an inefficient process, since It only takes advantage of between 20 and 25% of the ‘produced’ energy releasing the remaining 80% in the form of heat. This energy in the case of not dissipating it correctly can raise internal body temperature by 1 ºC every 5-10 minutes. How to avoid it. On the other hand, to avoid precisely that lethal overheating, the body thermoregulatory center located in the hypothalamus, Activate powerful cooling mechanisms. One of them is to pump huge volumes of hot blood from the body nucleus to the skin, causing it to be red by that large amount of blood that is going through the surface of the body. This double duty is the fundamental reason why the pulse shoots and becomes the most sensitive and critical indicator of the stress to which the body is subjected The organism has to compensate. These two situations cannot be carried out in parallel, but A balance must be achieved. And it is that when the system is taken to the limit by the intensity of the exercise and the severity of heat, something has to yield. Or blood flow is reduced to the muscles, limiting the ability to maintain rhythm, or the flow to the skin is committed, limiting heat dissipation and increasing body temperature to dangerous limits. Understanding this internal negotiation is key to understand why training in summer is much more than a simple matter of willpower. The skin becomes a giant radiator. The first and most powerful response of the body to the increase in skin temperature and body nucleus It is body vasodilation. Controlled by the ‘thermostat’ of the body, the preoptic area of ​​the anterior hypothalamus, this mechanism causes the blood vessels close to the skin to widen and make it become a refrigerator. Under resting conditions and neutral temperature, the cutaneous blood flow is just about 300 ml/min. However, during an intense exercise in a hot environment, this flow It can shoot until reaching 7 or 8 liters per minute. Something that also represents around 50 and 70% of all cardiac output. And this is a simple deviation of resources with the objective of dissipating heat by convection and radiation. Although it is not free. It has an important cardiovascular cost. The heart accelerates to compensate. The fact of opening the ‘pipes’ that lead the blood to the skin causes the heart to have to activate an important compensation mechanism so that the organs remain perfused. We talk about heart rate, which will be increased. The objective is to maintain cardiac output, so that blood pressure is stabilized despite the low peripheral resistance due to vasodilation. A crucial aspect of this process is speed. The initial increase in heart rate is an incredibly fast neural reflex, triggered by Thermal skin receptors. This response often precedes any significant increase in central body temperature. This shows that the body not only reacts to heat, but anticipates it, preparing the cardiovascular system for the thermoregulatory battle that is coming. The key is in cardiovascular drift. Any athlete who trains with a pulsometer in summer will have noticed a disconcerting phenomenon: even maintaining a constant rhythm, the pulse tends to rise progressively throughout the training. This is something that has been documented and called ‘cardiovascular derives‘, which is defined as the gradual and continuous increase in the heart rate that occurs during a prolonged exercise of constant intensity, accompanied by a decrease in systolic volume (the amount of blood that the heart pumps in each beat). And precisely the heat stimulates the two mechanisms that drive this phenomenon: The increase in skin flow by vasodilation. This causes blood to ‘stagnate’ temporarily on the periphery, which reduces venous return. This means that the heart does not fill so much in each beat, and therefore the amount of blood that will expel will be less. Dehydration Sudoration is essential to cool the complete system, but it entails a loss of body fluids, mainly from the blood plasma. This again reduces that the blood returns to the heart so that the same volume can be pumped. And to compensate the only thing left is to increase the heart rate. The pulse increase per centigrade grade. Once the ‘why’ of this increase in heart rate is known, an athlete is interested in knowing the ‘how much’. And the reality is that studies have established a very useful general rule to know how our body temperature increases when exercising: In dry heat conditions, with environmental temperatures above 24 ° C, the heart rate Increase approximately one beat per minute for each celsius degree of temperature increase. In wet heat conditions, the impact is multiplied. Here the increase in heart rate triggers between 2 and 4 beats per minute for each degree Celsius that increases the ambient temperature. This difference is not trivial. Exercise at 34 ° C in a dry climate (10 ° C above the threshold of 24 ° C) could involve an increase of about 10 beats per minute in the heart rate for the same effort. On the other hand, to those same 34 ° C, but with a high humidity, the increase could be 20 to 40 beats per minute. This additional load on the heart explains why we call as ’embarrassing’ feels much more … Read more

If Renfe believed that the summer of 2025 was being complicated is because he still did not know the worst: the fires

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It is not being an easy summer for the bird. The campaign started with issues In one of its main arteries, the Madrid-Andalusia line, and has been challenging challenges such as The soap opera of the Avril trains, The suspension of services in several sections of the network by fire or A fault that a few days ago affected the Andalusian high speed line. Now, with a good part of the holiday country, add a new challenge that puts the tip: The paralysis of the Madrid-Galicia line. And all this with demand in record levels What happened? That fires have forced Renfe to suspend for hours its services between Madrid and Galicia. Yesterday afternoon the operator He already advanced The stoppage of the trains because the flames were close to the tracks between Vilavella and Galicia Porta and the final blockade It was confirmed hours later. The Initial idea It was resume the services today, but it could not be so. At 7.30 h the operators still They kept examining The ways to confirm that traffic will be recovered with guarantees. Shortly before ten Renfe published in X A message Informing the restoration of the service, but the decision lasted little. Hour and a half after He turned back: “For fire reactivation, the rail service between Madrid and Galicia is interrupted again.” Later Renfe went up A new tweet clarifying that he had been forced to interrupt the circulation between Puebla de Sanabria and Ourense by order of the Cecopi of Castilla y León (Civil Protection). “The traying trains will be separated in stations until the circulation is guaranteed,” he concluded. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Is it the only one affected? No. So far this fire has affected other sections in which Renfe operates. The flames have interfered in the service with greater or less reach in Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, Castilla y León either Estremaduraamong other points. In June A fire Between the stations of Valladolid-Campo Grande and Río Duero forced to suspend the high-speed service in the Madrid-Segovia-Valladolid and Madrid-Gijón lines and In July The flames forced to paralyze the line by which the bird that connects Madrid and Andalusia. Is it something exceptional? To a greater or lesser extent, Spain usually looks like forest fires in summer (more than more than 47,700 hectares) and It is not strange that in some cases the fire affects the rail network. In this case, the flames, especially those of Galicia, who have altered the corridor that communicates the community with Madrid for hours, they arrive, however, in a summer in which Renfe has had to deal with other challenges. The campaign began with A considerable chaos in one of the main arteries of the Spanish high speed Redee: the line between Madrid and Andalusia. A fault In a catenary between the Yeles (Toledo) and La Sagra, southwest of the Community of Madrid, affected the services that connected with the South and forced to suspend trains, generated delays and left a notable anger among the affected travelers. “We have been trapped in the middle of a plain, without electricity or bathrooms, with unbearable heat,” He denounced A user in X. Has anything else happened? That episode came shortly after, in May, the operator had to deal with Another chaotic episode in the AVE Madrid-Sevilla that left trains detained for hours and thousands of affected passengers. The reason on that occasion was not a fire, but the theft of copper cable on the tracks, which even led Renfe’s president to publicly lament how difficult it is to control the vast network of the country. “You cannot monitor 24 hours 15,000 km of network, but you will have to put more means,” assumed Álvaro Fernández de Heredia. With that backdrop, in recent weeks Renfe has faced Another controversyalthough of a quite different nature. A few days ago it transcended that Renfe has decided to do without the Avril trains (106 series) in his Madird-Barcelona line and replace them with convoys series 103. The decision comes after the operator detected technical problems in the machinery and forced him to make a ‘sudoku’ to relocate trains of series 103 and 102 to meet the demand. Is it all negative? No. Summer may be more moved than Renfe wanted, but has started with an important level of demand. A few days ago the operator launched A statement To show that Julio closed with his “best monthly historical record of travelers” in AVE and long distance. Throughout the month he counted about 3.5 million travelers, 4.6% more than in June, which held so far the “historical maximum”. The increase is based on high -speed services (AVE and AVLO), which saw how their place offer It increased by 13.9% and the flow of travelers 10.5% compared to 2024. The highest rise were registered between Madrid-Valencia and Zaragoza-Barcelona. Images | Ministry of Defense (X) and John Worth (Flickr) In Xataka | Fire have made a new high -risk activity today in Spain: living near the mountain

If someone believed that national tourism had entered “crisis” this summer, Aena has something to say: at all

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If Google and Deloitte give in the nail, in a few years Spain will be the great resort of the world. According to Your calculations In 2040 the country will receive around 110 million foreign visitors, even exceeding France or the US. Until then every summer is a fire test for national tourism. This in particular there are voices that already suggest A slowdown in destinations as relevant as Tenerife wave Costa del Sol. There is still a lot of campaign ahead to know if it will be so, but for now AENA’s data show a quite different photo. What suggests His July balance It is a record summer. What happened? That Aena has just published A balance of passengers that are especially interesting for two reasons. The first, because it offers us the ‘photo’ of July, the first strong month of the summer campaign. The second reason is that these figures point to a considerable increase in displacements, which clashes with The voices that over the last weeks They have detected signals of weakening in Spanish tourism, at least In certain regions. Aena’s report does not differentiate between those who move for vacations or other reasons, such as work, studies or to visit relatives. Nor does it distinguish between national and foreign passengers. In any case, another interesting approach provides to take the temperature to the tourism sector in July. 10 main airports July passengers % with respect to 2024 Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas 6,170,130 +0.6% Barcelona-El Prat Jt 5,540,010 +2.9% Palma de Mallorca 4,594,987 -0.1% Malaga-Costa del Sol 2,866,642 +7.8% Alicante-Elche Miguel Hdez. 2.106,991 +5.9% Ibiza 1,446,589 +0.9% Gran Canaria 1,286,184 +6.4% Valencia 1,132,402 +4.2% Tenerife-Sur 1,094,961 +1.4% Lanzarote-César Manrique 798,998 +7.3% Total Aena’s network in Spain 32,765,284 +2.7% What do the data say? That July 2025 was a month of record. The network of terminals managed by AENA on Spanish soil accounted for 32.76 million of travelers. The number of flights amounted to 268,034. They are, respectively, 2.7% and 3.1% more than during the same period of 2024 and mark a milestone in the historical registry of the group. “Passenger and operations figures represent an absolute monthly record, which makes last July the best month in history at the airports of the Aena network in Spain,” concrete The operator. Is there more data? Yes. In the report AENA does not detail why users, their destinations fly or if they are national or foreign travelers, but it does require how traffic has evolved in their airports. At the head in absolute terms, Barajas is located, in Madrid, with 6.17 million travelers in July. The most interesting thing, however, are not the total figures of users, but how they have evolved compared to July 2024, a record year For Spanish tourism. He passenger flow Barajas for example grew 0.6% and Barcelona-the Prat 2.9%. In general, the airports of the country’s main tourist destinations experienced an increase in activity in July. In that of Malaga-Costa del Sol, the flow of travelers shot 7.8%, in Alicante 5.9%, in Ibiza 0.9%, in Gran Canaria 6.4%, in Tenerife South 1.4%and in Tenerife North 8.6%. Of course not everyone grew. ‘Palma’s airfield, where the passenger transfer fell 0.1%, Santiago, who suffered a 12.4%cut, or Santander and Vigo, which scored setbacks of 0.6%and 6.5%, respectively. Are they high data? Yes. Both in fact that some terminals have pulverized their historical maximums. “During the past month there has been an absolute record of passengers at the airports of Barajas, El Prat, Malaga-Costa del Sol, Alicante, Valencia, Bilbao and Tenerife Norte-Ciudad de la Laguna”, They clarify from Aenawhich also specifies that there are 16 airfields that have registered their best July. Why is it important? For several reasons. The main one because in summer a good part of the displacements are by leisure, which gives us another brushstroke to understand how the tourist season marches. The second reason is that Aena’s figures collide in part with others Shared by the hoteliers that suggest a summer with less activity and income than in 2024. The Association of Hotel Entrepreneurs of the Costa del Sol (AEHCOS) I noticed recently That July occupation levels were very similar to those of 2024 (87.82%, 1.16% above last year) but came accompanied by less income: the gross impact per customer fell according to their calculations from 198.61 to 157.18 euros. Facing August, the group expects the average occupation to be 4.57 percentage points lower than that of 2024, so it would stay at 88.32%. Are there more falls? Yes. The one on the Costa del Sol is not the only message that points to a less generous summer campaign than that of 2024. The Tenerife press It echoed These days that the establishments integrated in Ashotel closed Julio with an average occupancy level of 81.97% in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. It is a high percentage that also improves the forecast of reservations that hoteliers handled in mid -June, but still almost two percentage points below July 2024. In Palma de Mallorca the employer speaks Not so much a fall in the flow of tourists as if of the spending in hospitality. What is the conclusion? Touch wait. Soon the INE will publish another interesting clue to take the temperature of the tourist campaign: its statistics of Hotel situation. At the moment the last available data, of June, reflects a 2.1% increase in overnight stays and an increase in both the occupancy level and, above all, in the rates. Waiting for the tourist balance to be outlined and knowing if Spain will finally reach this year the milestone of the 100 million tourists foreigners, there are some clear trends. The main is that the Spanish sector grows largely thanks to the flow of foreign visitors. Aena’s data does not allow to know if July passengers are Spanish or travelers from other countries, but we know that in 2024 foreign demand played A fundamental role In the balance of hotels. 7.5% grew … Read more

The horchata is one of the staples of the Spanish summer. Now faces an existential threat in Valencia: pests

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As soon as the heat squeezes in summer, there is no more emblematic image in the Valencian Community than terraces full of high and cold horchata vessels: few drinks better represent the Mediterranean identity. But after that refreshing tradition a crop as fragile as essential is hidden: the chufa. A stain expanding. For years, this small tuber has been the economic engine of much of the Valencian garden. Its cultivation, located mainly in L’Horta Nord, not only gives flavor to summer, but also work, identity and landscape. However, As denounced by the Valencian Association of Farmers (Ava-Asaja)the cultivation of the chufa is going through an unprecedented crisis: despite the high demand and the stability of prices at origin, profitability collapses. In data. The situation is clear: in just a decade, production costs have risen 40 %, while productivity has fallen by 25 %, As explained in the press releaseAs a consequence, this year a thousand hanegades have been cultivated less than the previous one, which represents a 15 % reduction in the surface dedicated to the chufa. The Chufa de Valencia is cultivated in some 16 municipalities of L’Horta Nord, where They produce approximately 5.3 million kilos of chufa Dry a year, of which 90 % have a denomination of origin. In total, the crop occupies about 600 hectares with an estimated production of 7,300 tons. Although the figures may seem modest nationwide, the chufa is a characteristic culture of the area and key to hundreds of Valencian families. A plague with fifteen years of history. One of the main factors that Chufa production is putting in check is the disease known as “black spot.” This condition, which is manifested in the skin of the tuber, reduces its commercial value and multiplies the destroys (product that must be discarded in the dryers for not complying with the standards). First detected for fifteen years – coinciding with the first plantations of African chufa seeds on Valencian soil, According to Ava-Asaja-, the disease is still well characterized. In statements collected by Europa PressThe Agrarian Organization regrets that the Ministry of Agriculture has not provided the sector with “sufficient information about the type of disease, the causes of its introduction or the effective methods to combat it”. Therefore, they ask the Valencian Institute for Agricultural Research (IVIA) to intensify their studies to improve the control of this plague, whose incidence is increasing. A weed that sweeps everything. To the threat of black spot is added a more recent but equally worrying problem: the appearance of an invasive weed in the Chufa fields. As Ava-Assaja has denounced-In information also collected by Levante-EMV-, This species could have been introduced through chufas from third countries prosecuted in laundries of the Valencian garden. The difficulty of this problem is that the weed has the same vegetative cycle as the chufa, which prevents using herbicides without damaging the crop. In addition, its manual extraction is ineffective, since unmovered fragments can re -root the following year. “Being a more vigorous plant than cultivation, you can infest whole fields,” The Agrarian Organization to the Valencian media has warned. The result is devastating: lower performance, more manual work without results and, in many cases, fields that must cease to be temporarily cultivated by the impossibility of eradicating the plague. The future of crop, at stake. Given this scenario, Ava-Asaja has asked administrations an urgent and sustained action plan in time. The proposal includes short -term measures to contain immediate damage, as well as a long -term strategy to guarantee the viability of the crop: new phytosanitary solutions, biological research, control of imported material and aids to compensate for cost overruns. Antonio José Gimeno, responsible for the Sector of Chufa in Av-Asaja, The Levante has been clear in the middle: “If the citizens want to have a living garden, crops such as the chufa must have a dignified and lasting profitability. And that necessarily goes through solving problems as pressing as the black spot and this invasive herb that are reducing productivity to historical minimums.” But is this crisis reversible? Yes, but time runs. The crop still has a future thanks to its economic value and the growing national and international demand. Horchata, healthy eating, natural cosmetics … All these sectors trust the Valencian Chufa. But without production, there will be no raw material. As Gimeno said: “Little will it serve that demand and price are maintained if we do not manage to get sufficient production in the fields.” A warning beyond the chufa. The chufa crisis is not an isolated case. It is the sign of what can happen when the primary sector does not have the investment, research and policies necessary to protect it. What happens today with this tuber can be repeated tomorrow with other crops if it does not act on time. Keeping alive the garden is not just a matter of profitability: it is preserving a landscape, a way of life and a cultural heritage that has defined the Valencian Community for centuries. Image | Dorieo Xataka | Every summer fires ravage to Spain. There is a usual guilty that goes unnoticed: old tractors

It is being a complicated summer for the US F-35. After the NO of Spain, Russia and China have appeared to do more damage

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In the Almighty Lockheed Martin must be looking forward to one of the most cruel summers that they remember regarding image. First it was a stranded hunt A month in Indiathen Spain decided reverse to the request of 50 F-35 that I had to the American company. To the “Porazo” have been added countries that have put in Doubt your purchase. Now, to finish off a tragic week, Russia and China have put their finger on the sore. A second breakdown. British aircraft carrier HMS Prince of WalesRoyal Navy’s flagship and leader of the Carrier Strike Group 2025he suffered for the second time in his current deployment Highmast Operation An incident with one of its fighters F-35B Lightning IIforcing this time to the aircraft to make a emergency landing In a foreign civil airport. On this occasion, the device had to deviate to the Kagoshima airport, in southwest Japan, during a joint exercise with the Japanese Self -Defense Air Force, because of of a breakdown which forced to close the track for about 20 minutes and caused delays in commercial flights. Although the ruling did not require urgency technical assistance as in the Previous incident in India (When another F-35B remained inoperative for more than a month), the new episode tarnishes a mission conceived to reinforce the British projection in the Indo-Pacific, and that of Lockheed Martin in the background. United Kingdom and doubt. The first reactions to the failure have not been expected in England. He Telegraph counted A few hours ago, the risk of the risk does not reside solely in the reliability of a specific model, but in the Procurement strategy that the British Ministry of Defense has been applying for decades: prioritizing small amounts of high -tech equipment to the detriment of the operational mass. In other words, mechanical failures in complex systems such as F-35B are inevitable and are part of the life cycle of any advanced technology, but what cannot be affected is that the temporary loss of a single plane involves a 6% reduction In the combat capacity, or that a naval breakdown paralyzes half of a group of escorts. According to the mediumthe lesson of these incidents is not to question the worth of the aircraft, but to recognize that the United Kingdom needs more of everything: more fighters, more ships, more personal and more resilience. Teasing and propaganda. Forbes counted That the nature of the last failures of the hunt, despite its low technical gravity, has served as fuel to the Beijing and Moscow propaganda. Apparently, media and commentators in China and Russia, Like Wang Ya’nanAerospace Knowledge editor have questioned the British capacity to keep a fifth generation furtive hunt in prolonged deployment. In social networks, accounts Like India Sputnik Ironized saying that the HMS Prince of Wales “collects emergency landings such as souvenirs”, while others They ridiculed The reputation of the F-35 of LM with comments such as “World’s Best Jet… Really?”. Analysts like Cliff Lampe They warn That these narratives are extended almost immediately in the current digital environment, where virality and absence of moderation allow misinformation, mockery and propaganda to mix with economic or political interests. Kerala also took the opportunity to “promote” the situation of the hunt stranded for a month Informative war. The F-35 case adds to a pattern of media attacks against high profile weapons systems used by Western powers. Recent examples include Chinese discursive offensive Against the Dassault Rafale after the demolition of an Indian specimen for an Air-Aire PL-15 Missile of China, or the Chinese Networks campaign Against Russian Hunting Su-57 before the Zhuhai Air Fair. These dynamics show how geopolitical rivals use isolated incidents for feed narratives of technological or logistics weakness, exploiting the susceptibility of the public and the press to the stories of failures in advanced military teams. Impact for Lockheed Martin. As we said at the beginning, for Lockheed Martin, manufacturer of the F-35, this new incident adds to a more than complicated period, after the decisions of Spain and Swiss to explore alternatives and two recent accidents In California and Alaska. It We counted Yesterday: although the accumulation of events can affect public perception, the F-35 program maintains a solid positioning thanks to its deep integration into allied forces, the investments already made, their advantages in interoperability and the political support that ensures its continuity. The immediate strategy is to return as soon as possible the F-35B affected to operations from Japan or reincorporate it to the aircraft carrier, while the International narrative To present these cases as isolated failures, preventing them from being interpreted as structural problems. Strategic implications. Beyond the impact on the Image of F-35incidents raise questions about the United Kingdom Capacity to hold large -distance deployments with latest generation media and on the logistics resilience of its shipped air fleet. The deployment in the Indo-Pacific, only the second of a British aircraft carrier in the 21st century, is part of a strategy for strengthen alliances and demonstrate presence in a region marked by the Competition with China. However, episodes such as these can be perceived by partners and rivals as indications of operational vulnerabilitiesreducing the deterrent impact of the mission and offering competing powers an alternative story that exploits each breakdown as a symbol of structural limitations. Image | Rawpixel, Rawpixel In Xataka | The F-35 not only costs a fortune, it has a button that Spain does not like. So he told the US that he doesn’t want them In Xataka | Spain refuses to spend 5% of GDP on artillery. Because what you really want is to sell it to Europe

In Spain there is no summer without forest fires. Nor in which you do not talk about the fearsome rule of 30-30-30

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In Spain there is no summer without beaches. Nor without fire. Fire is hitting areas of Galicia, Castilla y León, Catalonia either Andalusia, sweeping hectaresforcing to evacuate hundreds of people and affecting even to icons like the place of Las Médulasin the Bierzo. With that backdrop, firefighters remain attentive to a key factor in forest fires. Which? The ‘rule of 30-30-30’. What is the ‘Rule of 30-30-30’? A formula that helps us understand when the elements play against firefighters and favor of forest fires. It is not new And it has above all a didactic dimension, but if something cannot be denied to the ‘Rule 30-30-30’ (o ‘rule of 30’) is that it is intuitive. Basically, what identifies are those scenarios in which the temperature exceeds 30ºC, the wind gusts exceed 30 km/Hy the relative humidity is below 30%, conditions that facilitate the expansion of the flames. Why is it interesting? Because as remember The University of Chile (Uchile) offers “an alert signal”, an indicator that recalls that there have been a cluster of “very favorable conditions” to spread the fire. “The origin of the term is not scientifically demonstrated, but approaches the conditions of extreme care that the manager should take knowledge to take measures,” Miguel Castillo explainsCenter researcher. The ‘Rule of 30-30-30’ stands out for its practical nature, especially when planning fire prevention strategies and informing the population. “It’s useful”, summarize The academic. “For example, if the meteorology indicates that in 72 hours a burst of permanent and dry wind will arrive and the conditions will not fall from the 30ºC or 32ºC, the communities should establish certain mechanisms.” Do more factors influence? Yes. Perhaps heat, intense winds and low humidity are “the ingredients of a perfect storm” for the spread of forest fires, but castle itself remember that there is another crucial factor: the human. Their own data The Ministry of Environment shows that a good part of the great fires that are declared in Spain cause them accidents, negligence or even intentionally. WWF in fact calculates that 95% of fires respond to human causes and 53% are deliberately caused. Man also influences the state of the fields and mountains. “The strong depopulation and rural aging, the cessation of traditional agricultural activities, the absence of forest exploitation and serious policies that manage the territory has transformed the territory,” Remember wwf. “This increase in forest surface does not translate into the increase in healthy, stable and diverse forests. The cultivated and grazing areas in the past are today covered by thickets, young pioneer or monoespecific rods that, without adequate management, are condemned to burn sooner or later. “ Is the ’30’ rule fulfilled? As Castillo recalls, the ‘Rule 30-30-30’ is useful when preventing disasters and alerting the population. Reality however is something more complex. A few years ago Civio analyzed The large forest fires registered between 2007 and 2016 and proved how many of them were adjusted to the ’30 rule’, that is, they had given the mercury above 30ºC, wind gusts of more than 30 km/hyo a humidity of less than 30%. What did you find out? That were adjusted to those parameters 72 of a total of 196 fires, about 37%. The key is again the one that slides the Chilean expert: at stake more factors enter the strictly climatic. “In the devastating expansion of a great fire you have to take into account other variables such as the type of vegetation and topography,” Comment Miguel Ángel Soto, from Greenpeace. Going down to detail. If we analyze the different factors of the ‘rule of 30’ separately, we verify, however, they do influence forest fires. Of the 196 registered fires between 2007 and 2016, in 153 the windfall exceeded 30 km/h. In 80 the temperatures reached or exceeded 30ºC. “The great fires occur by a cocktail effect: the more elements introduce in the shaker, the more possibilities you have to face an ungovernable fire,” agrees Soto “If the ‘rule of 30’ is fulfilled we will be facing the worst possible scenario, but if there are two variables it is also serious.” The last fires that have hit in recent days Galicia, Castilla y León, Andalusia either Cataloniasweeping thousands of hectares, have coincided with a heat wave. In the Bierzo, which has seen the medulla, the thermometer passes from 30ºC with relative humidity levels that have been below 30%. Image | Civil Guard (X) In Xataka | In 1993, an author predicted devastating fires in Los Angeles of 2025 and the “Make America Great Again”

Nine of the ten hottest villages in Europe this summer are in the same country: Spain

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The Second heat wave of the year It does not seem willing to give ground yet. Not even before the storms announced for these days they will improve the situation, which will last at least until Tuesday 12 according to the last special notice of the State Meteorology Agency (Aemet). Coping the top positions. Last Tuesday the heat in the Iberian Peninsula caused a picturesque image: nine of the 10 largest records of maximum temperatures collected by a weather in European countries were captured in Spain. So He reviewed through his social networks the Meteorology fan magazinethat cited data of the platform Ogimet. Temperatures in this rankingThey ranged from 41.1 celsius registered in Coria, Cáceres; Until 42.3º of the Écija station, Seville. All of them above the Batman Turkish weather station, which with 41º remained in the tenth place of this particular classification. The maximum temperatures of the last hours have been reduced, and now it is Türkiye that is in the eye of the hurricane. The situation It has been invested And now Spain has a weather station in this peculiar “Top 10”. This is the Granada airport station, which registers 40.6º. The heat wave continues. More moderate temperatures than those registered a few days ago but still high. That is why Aemet Maintain yellow and orange notices (for important risk) In good part of the country, at least until Saturday (the notices begin to announce three days). Today the notices for important risk will affect not only the entire community of Madrid, also to areas of Andalusia, Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Extremadura, and even Galicia. Tomorrow the notices for important risk will also extend to Aragon and Navarra. A stagnant situation. According to Explain Aemetthe situation is propitiated by an “quite stationary” atmospheric situation, which opened its way to a warm and dry air from Africa. An air mass that extends throughout the Peninsula and that, thanks to the high insolation, has allowed temperatures to be triggered during these days. To the point that, despite yesterday’s thermal descent, the situation could be aggravated again today and during the weekend. The forecasts z of temperatures above 40º in the depressions of the Northeast and in the valleys of Miño, El Tajo, El Guadiana and the Guadalquivir. Until Tuesday? The question that many will be asking is how long this will last. Aemet’s special notice It will remain active at least until Tuesday, but that does not mean that the heat wave will end there. The forecasts talk about temperatures that will continue on Monday and Tuesday, but the agency indicates that the uncertainty starting Wednesday is too high, although the models indicate a possible drop in temperatures. That is why the only answer that can be given is that we still do not know how long this heat wave will last. In Xataka | The Catalan and Segura basins toured different paths during the drought. Now they share something: the passage of the trough Image | ECMWF

Taiwan urgently needs talent for its chips industry. Surprisingly he is looking for it in summer camps

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TSMC, The biggest chips manufacturer on the planethe goes hunting again year after year to be able to meet his needs. During 2023 recruited 6,000 engineers For its Taiwan facilities, and presumably this trend also remained for 2024. And between 2025 and 2028 it will start Several semiconductor manufacturing plants In the US, Germany, Taiwan and Japan. TSMC is one of the most successful companies in this sector, but with all probability other chips designers and manufacturers will also need to strengthen their templates. Anyway, for Taiwan, its semiconductor industry is strategic for three fundamental reasons: it represents between 13% and 15% of the gross domestic product from the country; It is the engine of its exports with a close value to 40% of the total; And finally, the production of avant -garde chips gives the country a huge relevance from a geostrategic point of view. For this reason for this Asian country it is crucial that TSMC, UMC, Foxconn, MediaTek and its other large technology companies have the workforce they need. One of the strategies that are using some Taiwanese companies or with important businesses in Taiwan to recruit young talent is summer camps and university courses. Its purpose is to capture young people who have the right skills, although, curiously, some of these camps are held abroad for a reason for weight: The birth rate in Taiwan It goes down while, as we have seen, Taiwanese companies that are dedicated to semiconductors need to constantly increase their templates. In Europe, 100,000 more engineers are needed The Taiwanese government supports this strategy. It is fully aware that its main semiconductor companies, especially TSMC and UMC, need a constant supply of well -trained engineers to support their growth. Its current demand cannot be filled only with Taiwanese students, which has led to the NTU (Taiwan National University) to implement A global degree program in semiconductors that precisely seeks to attract foreign students. In Germany a third of the technicians who have developed their work career in the chips industry will retire throughout the next decade In any case, the Taiwan integrated circuit industry is not at all the only one that needs to recruit new talent. During the next five years the global semiconductor industry will need to incorporate nothing less than One million qualified workers. This prognosis is no elucubration; It comes from SEMIan international organization that watches over the interests of the electronics industries and integrated circuits. According to their forecasts Europe will face a deficit of 100,000 engineers, and Asia will need 200,000 qualified technicians. These a priori figures may seem exaggerated, but they are not at all if we consider that for 2024 the chips industry grew by 19.1% compared to 2023 thanks to the demand for GPUs for artificial intelligence (AI) and consumer electronic products, as well as to the expansion of 5G communications throughout the planet and the development of the car market. In 2024 the global semiconductor industry invoiced 627.6 billion dollars. The problem facing semiconductor companies, According to semiis that as many people with technical profile are not being formed in universities as they will need in the short and medium term. In addition, many of the most experienced engineers are retiring or will do so before 2030. As a button shows: in the US a third of employees of integrated circuit companies You have 55 years or more. And in Germany a third of the technicians who have developed their work career in the chips industry will retire throughout the next decade. However, there is another challenge that also compromises the future of these companies: the next batch of engineers will have to have advanced skills in AI and Automatic learning. Image | TSMC More information | Reuters In Xataka | We already know what the chips that will arrive until 2039 will be. The machine that will manufacture them is close

Ryanair loaded 800,000 squares this summer at the Spanish “small” airports. Threatens to do it again

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The Irish airline React hard to the 6.57% increase in the airport rates that AENA will apply in 2026, from 10.35 to 11.03 euros. The company requires the Government and the CNMC to reject this rise and threatens to reduce routes and seats in regional Spain if measures are not taken. A threat that is not new. This is not the first time that Ryanair uses pressure on regional airports as a negotiating weapon. During this summer, The company already executed a replication Significant: he abandoned completely Valladolid and Jerez, and reduced his operation in Vigo, Santiago, Asturias, Santander and Zaragoza. In total, has eliminated 800,000 squares In these airfields between April and October, although at the national level it has maintained its growth. Keep leading. The striking thing is that Ryanair maintains its dominant position in the Spanish market despite these strategic withdrawals. In the first half of this year, the airline transported 32.64 million passengers in Spain, 6.6% more than the previous year. This consolidates it as the company with the highest traffic volume in the country, expanding its advantage over eating to almost 10 million passengers apart. Beyond rates. Although Ryanair presents the rise in rates as the main reason for his threat, the reality is more complex. The company keeps a legal battle with the Spanish government for The record fine of 107.78 million euros imposed by its hand luggage policies. This sanction, the greatest in Spanish business history, is part of a package that also punished Vueling and Easyjet for similar practices. The strategy behind the pulse. The withdrawal in regional airports fits perfectly into the Ryanair strategy. These aerodromes depend greatly on the connectivity provided by the Irish low cost, as evidenced by the case of Valladolid, which It went from touching the 100,000 passengers In the first semester of 2024 to just 41,725 in the same period of 2025. The company knows that its withdrawal causes a disproportionate impact on regional connectivity, which gives negotiation power. The coming answer. The CNMC (National Commission of Markets and Competition) must pronounce on the tariff increase before the end of the year. Ryanair seeks to keep the freezing of fees that has been in force during the last decade, while Aena defends that his rates are internationally competitive and that he cannot make exceptions that violate the regulations. We will have to wait to know if this dispute will finally lead to a new reduction of places in the Spanish regional area. Cover image | Ryanair In Xataka | Michael O’Leary, Ceo de Ryanair: “I don’t want money. That they fly without suitcases”

The strangest phenomenon of every summer is also an industry of 500 million euros: the “Mermaiding”

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The fever for ‘La Sernita’ that you lived in your childhood is nothing compared to the movement known as Mermaiding: a swimming style inspired by sirens and tritones and that is already trend, and it could almost be said that Lifestyle. Conventions, courses, exhibitions … There are people who live very happy without the lower extremities to replace them with a fish tail, even temporarily. And they have very convincing reasons. To move the tail. He Mermaiding It consists of swimming using a siren or triton tail, usually manufactured in silicone or synthetic fibers (and that can cost $ 5,000 in the most sophisticated cases), simulating the undulating movements characteristic of these creatures. It can be done in swimming pools or open waters, and its practice combines Swimming, apnea and some synchronized. In the last decade, the Mermaiding It has become In official sports Since 2019 in countries such as China and the United States, but we talk about it every summer for its quirky visual characteristics, which obviously include a fish tail. Mermaiding: A typology. There is Many variants and forms of practicing diminishing. Perhaps the most popular is the one oriented to the entertainment of profane in Sirenism. It provides the possibility of swimming experience with a siren or triton tail, and there are academies that are responsible for organizing Events to learn to do it. On the other side of the spectrum is the Mermaiding Deportivo: To officially practice it, specific courses are required with certifications such as SSI Mermaid either Padi Mermaidin which techniques such as the kick of dolphin, undulation and aquatic coordination are perfected. In a middle ground between them there is a variant of Mermaiding For shows, aquatic and thematic parks, hotels, as well as participations in spots, video clips and varied performances. It’s a use of Mermaiding More artistic and not oriented to competition. Mermaiding No: Sirenism. In Spain, mass conventions of sirens such as the Mermagic with that takes place every year in the United States, but for example, the Sirenas Mediterranean Academy It has been standing since 2014, giving courses and organizing private parties with sirens included. And there are organizations like Sirénida, a Professional Sirens and Triton Catalog Contractable for shows of all kinds. At the moment it is becoming, cursillo and of Cuqui Experiencein a more leisure option. Professional sirens. The Netflix documentary of 2023 ‘Sirena people’ details what the day -to -day life of these Sirenism professionals is. Because yes, it is not a handful of eccentric with silicone tail: in the United States it is a business with abundant ramifications in the entertainment world, with interventions in aquariums, musicals underwater and a long etcetera. The documentary shows parts of the job of mermaid as little glamorous as castings to work as a siren in a show, and you can see that it is completely legalized and normalized. According to the program, the Sireno world already moves 500 million dollars in the United States. Not so secret origins. From professional mermaid associations They certify that they have experienced an explosion of interest and an increase in applications in recent times, which link to the premiere of the Netflix documentary series. In it you can see those who were sirens in the park of Sirens Weeki Wachee, a theme park created by a royal sailor, Newton Perry, in 1947. In it there was a tiny scenario and a spring where the sirens made a show: the venerable precedents of the current sirens in aquariums and thematic shows. Illustrious predecessors for a business that comes out again. Header | Photo of Michael Hystead in Unspash In Xataka | 24 board games and agile and fun hobbies to play in summer anywhere

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