revealed

The San José Galeon sank in 1708 with a treasure of 20,000 million. A handful of coins has revealed its destiny

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Throughout the planet it is estimated that there are close to three million Of pecios, vessels that caught in their day and now rest at the bottom of the oceans, turned into sentences of marine life. This list is included from transatlantic as The Titanic to destroyers of World War II, abandoned boats or colonial caravels. Few arouse the interest of San Joséthe galleon sunk in 1708 off the coast of Colombia with the wineries full of gold, silver and gems, a treasure that some value in almost 20,000 million of dollars. His exact whereabouts was a mystery for centuries. Now Colombian archaeologists believe Having located it without a doubt thanks to a track that confirms the opulence of his treasure: the gold coins that he transported on board. A Milmillonario Treasury. In his day the San José was an imposing galeon, a large ship of 40 meters of length12 of manga, three masts and 64 cannons built in Guipúzcoa commissioned by King Carlos II. Your mission: work on the Indian fleet. Neither its power nor its dimension avoided however that the history of San José was brief. The ship ended up sinking from the coast of Colombia in June 1708, only a few years after its launch, beaten by the cannons of a squad of British privateers during the Battle of Barúin full war of Spanish succession. The most curious thing is that the legend of San José began just then, after its shipwreck. And the reason is simple: in addition to a crew formed by hundreds of sailors, the galleon loaded with gold, silver and gems, among other treasures. There is talk of a loot of 200 tons that today would reach a value of billions of dollars. Some estimates place it in 17,000 millionothers in more than 20,000. There are also those that reduce that calculation, but without leaving the land of the thousands of millionsan imposing treasure. And where is the San José? For centuries that was the great unknown. It was known that the wreck was In the Colombian Caribbeanbut … where exactly? What were your coordinates? In 1981 A company announced to hype and saucer having found the Galeon and allegedly delivered the information to the government in exchange for keeping a part of the treasure, but the story soon complicated. In 2015 The country’s authorities claimed to have located the remains of the Spanish ship in a different place, which tightened the disputes about who has the merit of the finding and (more importantly) the rights over the treasure. The big clue: the coins. Historical discoveries often depend on small details. And underwater archeology is no exception. Although experts have been convinced that the vestiges resting in front of the Colombian coast are the remains of San José, a New research published in Antiquity He has just reaffirmed the identity of the wreck. And in a fairly peculiar way: analyzing the gold coins located in the underwater deposit, at approximately 600 meters deep To get it a Colombian team undertook Between 2022 and 2024 Several expeditions focused on the remains of the wreck. He did it With the help of a rova non -manned submarine vehicle that allowed experts to obtain high resolution photos of the coins that rest on the site. Thanks to techniques such as The photogrammetry They were also able to draw a three -dimensional reconstruction of the wreck and several models and digital replicas of the environment. And what did they discover? They found Macuquinashand coined coins and that were used for more than two centuries in the trade of the Americas. With the help of high resolution photos taken in situ – the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History assures That no object object was extracted – experts discovered that the pieces have an average diameter of 32.5 mm, weigh 27 grams and are coined with revealing designs. On the obverse, the coins show a variant of The Jerusalem Cross (A large cross with four smaller) next to a shield with castles and lions, symbol of Castilla y León. On the back they carry the Hercules crowned columns On waves, which relates the pieces to the Lima Mint. Squeezing clues. They are not the only clues identified by archaeologists, who have identified a “L” that seems to refer to Lima, an “8” that shows the value of the currency and an “H” related to the brand of Francisco de Hurtadohe Major trial of Indies in 1707. In the central part of the coins the legend “PVA”, “Plus Ultra” is also appreciated, a wink to the maritime expansion of the Spanish monarchy. The information is completed with three digits (707) located at the bottom of the pillars, a reference to the year in which the coins were coined: 1707, just before the San José sink into the Caribbean. Why is it important? Because all these data are clues that help to better understand the site and the circumstances in which the galleon that rests there. “Unraveling the characteristics of the currencies helps to determine the age and origin of the wreck”, collect the article. “First, it establishes a temporal frame: the sinking had to occur after 1707. This, along with other tests, such as the presence of Chinese porcelain Kangxi And inscriptions in the cannons dating from 1665, suggests that the ship sank at the beginning of the XVIII. “ “Corroborate identification”. The coins also give clues on the route that must have followed the sunken galleon. “In the Viceroyalty of Peru, several gold mines were registered, mainly in Puno and Huamanga. It is likely that the material to coined the coins would be obtained from these mines and processed in the house of La Moneda de Lima, which resumed operations in 1683 and began to coined gold in 1696,” Experts reveal In your study. All those evidence, added to what historians already know about colonial history, leads them to A resounding conclusion: “The set of tests corroborates … Read more

Ukraine knocked a Russian Shahed drone and opened it. A hidden message has revealed Moscow’s advantage in electronic warfare

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In Ukraine, the capture of enemy artillery has become a box of surprises. In November last year, a Dron Parody revealed to what the United States this In the conflict (without being physically). A few weeks ago, the interception of a Russian cruise missile by Ukraine was shocking: they had it Made the “Allies”. The latest: the capture of a Shahed carried a surprising hidden note. The air war intensifies. Already We counted yesterday. The Russian air offensive on Ukraine has reached a new level of brutality, with a last attack that exceeds the limits previously considered exceptional. Russia launched an unprecedented mass attack that included 298 drones and 69 missiles On one night, a record figure that has put the Ukrainian anti -aircraft defenses in check. Faced with the foreseeable failure of high the fire conversations, Ukraine is forced to ration your interceptorswhich implies that more and more Russian projectiles will achieve their goal, hitting cities, industries and civilians with increasing intensity. North Korean missiles and Iranian drones. In addition, since the beginning of the year, Russia has transformed its aerial campaign, focusing its efforts into ballistic missiles (many from North Korea) and in a new generation of Shahed drones of Iranian origin. These drones, like We have been countingnow they are in their sixth version and use automatic learning to attack highly defended areas such as kyiv, which has resulted in recent impacts in shopping centers, residential areas and military training fields. Plus: The speed of ballistic missiles makes them virtually impossible to intercept without the scarce and expensive PAC-3 missiles of the patriot system, which Ukraine has in insufficient number. For its part, the manufacturing rate of Shahed drones in Russia has grown exponentially: if 300 a month before, now that same amount is generated in less than three days. Filtered documents suggest that Kremlin plans to increase production Up to 500 drones dailywhich could lead to swarms of 1,000 drones in a single operation. Projection of a shahed Telegram and drones. Economist He counted exclusively An unprecedented fact. A finding within a Shahed drone demolished in Ukraine has revealed a worrying evolution in Moscow’s technological strategy: a note, allegedly left by a supportive sympathizer engineer, said that Russia is controlling its attack drones through bots in bots in The telegram messaging application. The reason? This method allows to send flight data and live broadcasts directly to human operators, eliminating GPS dependence and making them much more resistant to Electronic interference Ukraine. The implementation of AI, added to the use of Ukrainian mobile networks and possibly connections via Starlink, marks a qualitative leap in the lethality and autonomy of Russian drones, especially those most recent models of Shahed who use automatic learning to reach precision protected targets. A threat that does not yield. The response of the West, as we explained this week, has been to eliminate the red line of the “Long -range weapons” For Ukraine to defend himself. Ukrainian crews continue to break down about 95% Of the drones launched against kyiv, but that remaining 5% is enough to inflict devastating damage. Russian tactics have evolved: drones fly to low height to avoid being detected and then They ascend sharply at altitudes that exceed the scope of short -range weapons. To counteract it, Ukraine He resorted to F-16helicopters and even interceptor drones, but the defense against ballistic missiles remains the weakest point. Only a few countries have systems capable of stopping them, and the United States, which produces the Patriots and its PAC-3 interceptors, it has own strategic priorities. Time is exhausted. As We summarized yesterdaydespite its urgent need for more patriot batteries (Zelensky estimates that at least ten additional would be necessary to cover the territory), the US administration has adopted a warm posture. Under the pressure of other conflicts and the influence of the hard wing of the Republican party, which is prioritized, Ukraine has ceased to be a strategic priority. PAC-3 production will increase to 650 units annuallybut that is still insufficient in front of 500 ballistic missiles that Russia would already have stored, according to kyiv. In addition, each Russian missile usually requires two interceptors to be shot down, which accentuates the disadvantage. New doctrine. Perhaps the latest Ukrainian movements are understood. Given the shortage of media and the growing aerial threat, kyiv contemplates a turn in its survival strategy: not to intercept, but to go to destroy complexes launch, Russian factories and deposits. This more aggressive position, defended by Analysts like Kostiantyn Kryvolappart of the conviction that without a deterrence activates the rhythm of the attacks will only increase. While Western Defense Systems They arrive with droppers And their abilities will take At least one year In expanding, Ukraine prepares to face an air war alone every time more asymmetric and lethal. In that scenario, each drone or demolished missile can offer clues to combat the disadvantage. Image | Kyiv City State Administration In Xataka | The war in Ukraine had a red line of 70 kilometers. West has just eliminated it after Russia’s last attack In Xataka | Russia has made its combat drones fly higher. Ukraine has found the solution in North Korea: balloons

Satellite images have revealed what happened to one of Russia’s biggest arsenals. Now we understand Moscow’s silence

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On April 22 the satellites began to point out A point on the planeta change only perceptible through the images from space offered a first track of what was happening about 60 kilometers from Moscow. Despite the weather conditions of that day and the low resolution of the optical data captured by the Sentinel-2 satellite From the European Space Agency, the damages were clearly visible. An explosion had “burst” the 51st arsenal of the main missile and artillery direction of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Total devastation of Arsenal. Visual confirmation was reinforced by radar images Synthetic opening (SAR) capable of penetrating clouds and smoke, which showed significant structural alterations in the complex nucleus. The comparison between images Taken on April 14 and 23, it indicated that at least 30 buildings destined to storage of ammunition had been completely destroyed. Explosions, evacuations and blackouts. The day after the explosion, the secondary detonations They still continuedunderlining the magnitude of the stored material. The strength of the outbreak forced Evacuate eight nearby townswhile 37 settlements were left without gas supply. The most remote evacuated town was 4.5 kilometers from Arsenal. NASA fire monitoring system data also confirmed the existence of multiple igneous foci Within the perimeter, coinciding with the analysis of the intelligence expert (OSINT) MT Anderson, who used additional filters to detect heat points and Confirm destruction Massive infrastructure. A strategic arsenal. Then the magnitude of what happened began to be known. He 51st Arsenal Grau It was not simply a deposit of ammunition. As one of the Eight main arsenals that still operated in the European part of Russia, its function was key both in the distribution and in the logistics maintenance of the Moscow weapons. Three of those eight arsenals had already been destroyed for 2024, which turned this loss into a considerable strategic blow for the Kremlin military supply chain. Arsenal was designed to house Up to 264,000 tons of explosive material. Among the remains found after the explosion were identified 107 mm rockets for Multiple type 63 rocket Chinese manufacturing, many of which were recorded spread around local residents, suggesting that part of the material was stored outpatient and had recently been delivered. The catastrophe, or the attacknot only compromised Russian logistics operability in the Ukrainian conflict, but raised (once again) serious doubts about the security of its own arsenal in times of war. Images of the British report with the before and after the explosions A self -inflicted blow. Now, and after A study Of all the images and confidential information of the intelligence of the United Kingdom Ministry of Defense, it has been confirmed that the cause of the incident was not “external”, but a combination of bad practices in the management of armament and a negligent storage management by Russia. British research, in fact, is reinforced by the declaration of the Russian Defense Ministry itself, which, in silence from the incident without offering more data, there were attributed the disaster to the “violation of security requirements” in the manipulation of explosive materials. For the United Kingdom, the event is not an isolated case, but the reflection of a prolonged and documented trend of “Russian ineptitude in the treatment of its own ammunition”, although that yes, in this case it represents the greatest loss of self -inflicted arsenal since the beginning of the large -scale war in Ukraine. Strategic installation We already said it before. The affected deposit was a key installation for the war supply of the Kremlin on the Ukrainian front and, according to figures from the Ukrainian authorities cited by the United Kingdomhosted around hundreds of thousands of tons of ammunition, including ballistic missiles, projectiles thrown from air and anti -aircraft systems. Satellite images verified by the insider medium They also revealed that more than a square kilometer of the complex was affected by the detonations, which suggests that massive and prolonged destruction, with multiple fires and a chain of secondary explosions that, According to disseminated videos In social networks, they even reached nearby civil areas. Error pattern. In addition, it is not the first time that the arsenal of the 51st Grau suffers incidents of this type. Insider told That in June 2022, Russian state media reported a spontaneous explosion during loading and unloading operations that cost four people. The pattern is consistent with British complaint: A continuous chain of operational errors and insufficient security measures that make critical facilities into vulnerable points within the Russian military apparatus. The lack of technical discipline and effective prevention protocols has not only generated large material losses, but also has compromised the safety of populated areas in times of war. Consequences. If you want also, the incident gives wings to the rhetoric of the West. The impact of this catastrophe transcends the material. The destruction of one of the main deposits of Russian ammunition not only weakens the immediate logistics capabilities of Moscow in its offensive against Ukraine, but also reinforces an idea increasingly sustained Among the “alidos”: that of a corroded military power for structural failures, operational improvisation and a dangerous carefree for the most basic security standards. Seen thus, in full prolonged war and with its supply lines under pressure, losing tens of thousands of tons of armament due to internal negligence constitutes a defeat with several readings. Image | Maxar In Xataka | Russia launched its fearsome nuclear missile Satan II last week, the “Invincible Weapon” of Putin. It was regular In Xataka | The US has detected an object in space with strange behavior. The source that released it has also located: Russia

NASA has revealed why no astronaut has left the Earth’s atmosphere. Not even when they went to the moon

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From time to time, NASA reminds us with some anecdote or study that things are never how they seem or, failing that, that can always be questionable or have more than one answer. Recently they gave us such a simple explanation about our inability to find extraterrestrial signs that scared. They also clarified why We hadn’t returned To the moon before. The latest: remember that, technically, no human has ever left the earth’s atmosphere. And yes, I don’t even want when we went to the moon. A technically true provocation. To say that no astronaut in history has ever left the earth’s atmosphere may sound to a joke or little less than a conspiracy theory, but, from a scientific perspective and following what atmospheric models say, it is more than us A correct statement. To place ourselves in perspective and following this line of explanation, even iconic figures Like Yuri Gagarin either Neil Armstrongor contemporary space travelers Like William Shatnerhave remained, in physical terms, within the most extreme (although diffuse) limits of the Earth’s atmosphere. The key lies in how the end of that atmosphere is defined: a more complex and expansive issue of what is commonly believed. The atmosphere does not end where we imagine. All this reasoned recently Doug RowlandNASA heliophysics expert. Contrary to the popular idea that the atmosphere ends in a finite layer that dissipates before reaching the terrestrial orbit, the reality is that the atmosphere does not have a clearly defined “roof”. On the contrary, it becomes progressively more dim, but continues to spread. As Rowland toldeven hundreds of kilometers on the surface, where the International Space Station (EEI) orbits, there is still a sufficient air density to gradually stop the station. In fact, if it were not periodically driven with rockets, the EEI would end up falling by atmospheric drag. The artificial border: Kárman. For practical reasons (such as spatial treaties or legal definitions) an international convention has been adopted: The karm linelocated 100 kilometers above sea level, which marks the point where the space begins theoretically. This line serves as a technical threshold, since 99,99997% of atmospheric mass terrestrial is below. Said that, and how Explain the space agency itselfthis definition is useful for regulations and classifications, not so much to describe with physical precision the real limits of the atmosphere. The geocorone: atmosphere that reaches the moon. In 2019, A study based on data from Soho Solar Observatory (NASA/ESA), revealed that the exosphere of the Earth (specifically, a diffuse cloud of known hydrogen atoms Like geocorone) extends to about 629,000 kilometers, that is, beyond the orbit of the moon. What happens? That on that limit there are still about 0.2 hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter. That means that, technically, even the Apollo missions that alunizarized in the 60s and 70s did not abandon the earth’s atmosphere. “The moon flies through the Earth’s atmosphere,” Igor Baliukin came to saymain author of the study, referring to the unsuspected magnitude of this invisible layer. The sun also contains us. The thing is even more complicated when both the Earth and the Moon are Inside the solar atmosphere. This extends to the edge of the helosphere, the limit beyond which the interstellar space begins. At this point it must be remembered that between the atmosphere of the earth and that of the sun there is no emptiness, but a structure of progressive and overlapping layers that contain particles, energy and electromagnetic dynamics. Therefore, and seen thus, the concept of “being in space” is less a matter of abrupt border and more a matter of progressive gradient. So where the space begins? As Rowland explainedthe answer depends on the point of view. If you ask where the atmosphere ends in a practical sense, probably about 400 kilometers, where air density ceases to have significant effect on objects. But from a more rigorous scientific perspective, that atmosphere does not disappear: it only dissipates and dilutes to barely measurable extremes, without disappearing at all. Therefore, “exterior space” is not an empty place, but a continuous environment full of particles, fields and subtle structures. In that sense, all space trips made by humans have elapsed within that extended wrapping that is still part of the planet that launched them. Image | Jasbond007 In Xataka | The last eeuu slap to Europe has sounded up to space: NASA has just left ESA with Artemis In Xataka | NASA is being very complicated to return to the moon. Your auditor no longer trusts that it can fly over for 2025

Bill Gates has revealed how he will spend all his fortune. He has also made a very serious accusation about Elon Musk

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The Gates Foundation This week has celebrated its 25th anniversary. Founded in 2000 when Melinda French Gates was 35 years old and Bill Gates 44 (and was the richest man in the world), she quickly became one of the most important philanthropic organizations in history. Therefore, and because talking to Gates is always a “song”, The New York Times and The Financial Times They have had access to an extensive interview. He has rarely left such powerful headlines. Gates goes against Elon Musk and announces the plan to liquidate a fortune of 200 billion dollars. A transcendental decision. Yes, at 25 years of its foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation He has announced that he will definitely close its doors on December 31, 2045, after having allocated more than 100,000 million dollars to improve global health and human development and with the commitment to double that figure in the next 20 years. Gates, who will allocate almost all of his personal fortune to this final stage, argues that current scientific tools, including advances in AI, offer A unique opportunity to achieve radical changes that make its institutional continuity unnecessary. This strategy responds not only to an impulse of efficacy and urgency, but also to the finding of a worrying setback in international cooperation, aggravated by the dismantling of programs like Usaid Under the administration of Donald Trump, whose decisions They could be translated into millions of additional children’s deaths in the coming decades. Gates, although still optimistic, admits that global philanthropy is going through its most delicate moment since the beginning of the century. Elon Musk and moral terrain. The struggle between two of the most influential figures in the contemporary world, Elon Musk and Bill Gates, It was knownbut now it has reached a new and sour dimension with the very hard statements of the founder of Microsoft. Gates accused in the Financial Times Musk of being responsible, although indirectly, of “killing the poorest children in the world” after the dismantling of the USAID, a measure promoted by Doge, the entity created by Musk and backed by the US government. Not just that. Gates denounced that this decision, taken (according to him) since ignorance, has paralyzed the Distribution of essential medicines and food in vulnerable areas, in addition to putting fundamental programs for public health in countries such as Mozambique, where a hospital that avoided the transmission of HIV from mothers to children was affected by cuts that Musk He erroneously justified When confusing the African province of Gaza With the Palestinian region of the same name. An ideological and long enmity. As we said, the confrontation between Gates and Musk is not new. In 2012, both initially coincided in the GIVING PLEDGEa commitment to donate much of his fortune to philanthropic causes, but Musk soon described traditional philanthropy of “garbage”defending commercial solutions such as Tesla electric vehicles as more effective tools against challenges such as climate change. His distancing was aggravated in 2022, when Musk knew that Gates had Around short Against Tesla’s actions, which unleashed his anger and caused a public response out of tone in social networks. According to the biography written by Walter Isaacson, this revelation marked A point of no return between them. A moral and financial setback. Therefore, Gates’s announcement comes in the midst of unprecedented divestment in foreign aid. The drastic 80 % reduction In the USAID budget, cuts to key programs like Pepfar And the decline in international cooperation in countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany and France, illustrate what Gates Describe in the Times as a dangerous collective withdrawal of commitment to the poorest. The paradox, As explainedIt is that while science and health innovation offer viable solutions to eradicate diseases such as HIV, malaria or tuberculosis, moral and political impulse to finance these solutions seems to be disappearing. It emphasizes that instead of consolidating the achievements of the last two decades, the world is on the verge of reversenot due to lack of resources, but for a weakening of the “humanitarian impulse” that, until recently, defined rich democracies. A finite legacy. Gates He argues thatby establishing a closing date and not trying to perpetuate the legacy of its foundation, you can allocate many more resources immediately and decisively. This approach, which describes how A “BOLUS DOSE” philanthropic (a great power injection), will allow the annual expenditure of the foundation for about 9,000 million dollars and concentrate on key areas such as maternal child health, the eradication of infectious diseases and the fight against structural poverty. Gates believes that, thanks to innovation accumulated in recent years, it is possible achieve ambitious objectives How to half reduce infant mortality, eliminate endemic diseases in Africa and double agricultural productivity in the continent. All this while driving the use of AI in local contexts (from medical diagnoses to agronomist in regional dialects) as a motor to close historical gaps. Between optimism and urgency. In both talks, although he acknowledges that pandemic and debt crisis in the poorest countries have stopped decades of progress, insists that the panorama It is not irreversible. See in technology, in collaboration with new philanthropic actors and in the example of a foundation with expiration date, A realistic route to return strength to the global movement for equity. He also states that he does not want to build a monument to his fortune, but return it to the service of humanity at the time you can have more impact. In front of a new generation of more billionaires centered on space exploration Or in individual interests, the man claims the urgency of acting now to avoid millions of avoidable deaths and definitively transform the living conditions of the most disadvantaged. In his own words, if it is not achieved now, what alternative would he have? Give your money on ships? The answer, according to Gates, is morally obvious. Image | World Economic, Ted Conference In Xataka | Bill Gates and the autistic spectrum: a family revelation … Read more

One of the Starliner ship astronauts has revealed that Houston skipped the regulation to save them: “They are heroes”

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NASA Astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are already at home After nine months of extended mission In the International Space Station. Although they have avoided participating in the political controversies surrounding your caseWilmore had a revealing interview with Ars Technica in which he explains that the failure of the Starliner ship was more tense than they had told us. The delays prior to the launch. Everything was ready to launch the Starliner ship in early May. Butch and Suni had begun their quarantine, a usual practice to reduce the risk of infecting a virus or infectious disease to other crew members of the International Space Station. However, a problem with a valve in the Centaur stage of the Atlas V and A helium leak in Starliner herself They delayed the launch for weeks. Butch Wilmore, ship’s pilot, asked NASA to return to Houston to continue practicing in the simulator, because he felt that his knowledge was no longer fresh. Finally, they took off on June 5, 2024. Cold aboard the ship. The launch of the Starliner was soft and very precise. Even more than the astronauts expected, since it did not require the typical trajectory corrections they had seen in the simulator or in previous experiences such as NASA astronauts. Butch and Suni felt, on the other hand, something for which the simulator had not prepared them: a booth too cold. Designed to carry four astronauts (or up to seven crew In missions outside NASA), the temperature aboard the Starliner, with only two inhabitants in this first test mission, fell below the 10 ºC, Wilmore recalls. Both went cold and ended up sleeping with their space costumes to heat a little. They begin to lose propellants. The problems that would mark the fate of the mission began on the second day. While approaching autonomously to the International Space Station, the Starliner began to lose propellants. The Boeing ship has 28 reaction control propellants to maneuver in orbit. Oriented backwards, forward and in three radio directions, they control their position and guidance both to secure a port of the ISS and to exorbit, on its return, towards the landing place. A tense approach to ISS. There were some problems with the performance of the propellants during A crew test in May 2022and Butch Wilmore worried him that they could reappear. It was just what happened. In its final approximation to the ISS, the ship lost two thrusters and Butch had to take manual control to maintain its trajectory. The thing would not end there. With Wilmore at the controls, the ship lost a third propeller and shortly after the room. At that time they stopped being able to promote themselves in one of the directions necessary for the approach. A decision against the regulation. According to official procedures, at that point they had to abort the approach to the International Space Station and return to Earth, since the attempt to coupch was too risky. Not only for them, but also for the ISS crew and for the orbital laboratory of 100,000 million dollars. At the same time, Butch and Suni thought that turning with so much failures would be equally dangerous. “I don’t know if we can return to earth,” said Butch Wilmore. “In fact, I think we probably can’t.” To top it off, they had been below the ISS, so they were traveling faster than the station and were moving away from it. Then, NASA’s mission control center, and more specifically flight director Ed Van Cise, decided to move forward with the coupling, against the manual. Heroes. “These people are heroes,” says Wilmore in the interview. “The heroes put on the tank, run to a flame building and take people out of there. The heroes also spend decades in their cubicles studying their systems and knowing them perfectly.” “And when there is no time to evaluate a situation, to talk to people and ask them what they think, they know their system so well that they devise a plan on the march. That is a hero. And there are several of them in mission control.” Have you tried to turn it off and turn it on? Houston informed Wilmore of the Plan, he released the controls and, immediately afterwards, the mission controllers sent a command to the Starliner to restart their systems. Turn off and turn on the ship resulted. They managed to recover the propelants and the control of the Starliner, Although then a fifth propeller failed that never recovered. With the help of the Mission Control Center, the ship managed to return to the autonomous mode and attach to the International Space Station. Now NASA’s decision is understood. If Butch had lost the fifth propeller while sailing manually with four less, the ship would have run out of the redundant maneuver necessary to control its reentry. It would have been potentially catastrophic. Even if Boeing collaborated with the investigation in the later months and expressed his confidence in the Starliner, the decision that the ship returned empty and the two crew remained in the ISS until the next rotation of astronauts In a spacex crew dragon It makes a lot of sense. The future of Starliner. The ship is still not certified for manned flights to the International Space Station. Boeing has lost $ 1.6 billion in its developmentbut NASA has hired six flights and maintains its intention to certify it for operational trips to the ISS next year. Although helium leaks seem solved with new stamps, propulsion failures are still not closed, so NASA and Boeing engineers will perform a series of exhaustive tests at the agency’s facilities in White Sands (New Mexico) to validate possible modifications, such as thermal barriers or changes in propulsion pulses. The next flight of the CST-100 Starliner ship to the International Space Station will not occur until the end of this year or principles that come, According to NASA. A new demonstration is needed in flight because Boeing could … Read more

The list of Hurun Millionaires has revealed it

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The report has just been made public Hurun Global Rich List 2025 that, for 14 years, monitors the Greater fortunes of Asiaand serves as a barometer to know more accurately the financial situation of Chinese millionaires. Hurun’s report this year corroborates what other reports such as’ already showedBillionaire Ambions Report 2024 ‘prepared by the Financial Entity UBS, which shows a 5% increase in the number of billionaires compared to last year. “60% of this year’s billionaires were not on the list ten years ago, demonstrating how wealth creation has changed dramatically with the arrival of new technologies,” say the authors of the report. In addition to the increase in the number of millionaires, the total wealth of these magnates It also grew An impressive 13%, reflecting a positive year for financial markets and certain sectors such as artificial intelligence, financial asset management and entertainment. The importance of Hurun report to understand Chinese wealth If a Chinese millionaire were ‘La Revuelta’David Broncano could not ask his famous question “How much money do you have?“. As They pointed in The worldin Chinese culture, ostentation of wealth not only It is misleading sociallybut you can also get into legal problems due to strict government policiesas published CNN. That is why reports such as Hurun are so valuable, since they analyze the Fortures of Asian millionaires. While in the West the lists of Forbes and Bloomberg are the referents to follow the Evolution of great fortunesthe Hurun list has become the most reliable source to understand the distribution of Wealth in China and other Asian countries. Chinese billionaires: changes and trends According to the Hurun report, Zhang Yiming, 42 and founder of Bytedance (the company behind Tiktok), has crowned as the Rica person in Chinawith an estimated fortune of 60,000 million dollars. To put it in context, Forbes attributed a fortune even greater than 65.5 billion dollars, while Bloomberg approached the estimate of Hurun attributing 57,500 million. In this way, Yiming would have unseat Zhong Shanshan, known as the “King of bottled water“, which happens to take second place with an estimated fortune of 55,000 million dollars. Pony Ma, 54 and founder of Tencent is another of the millionaires who has climbed positions in 2025. Hurun calculates a heritage of 44,000 million dollarswhich is far from the 56.8 billion that calculated the Bloomberg list and 53,800 of the Forbes list. One of the big surprises of this edition of the Hurun report has been given by Robin Zeng Yuqun, founder and president of the CATL battery manufacturer. The battery business has been decisive for the development of the electric car in China, which has made Zeng Yuq a fortune grown 61% in just one year, reaching the 37,000 million dollars. For its part, Colin Huangfounder of Pinduoduo (matrix to which it belongs Temu) has lost two positions to take fifth place among the richest in China. It is estimated that Huang’s heritage amounts to 36,000 million dollarshaving reduced its assets by 32%. The authors of the report highlighted the patrimonial increase of Lei Jun, 56, and founder of Xiaomi, who has increased his fortune by more than 114%. Although it is far from having become the richest man in China, as commented A few weeks agoJun has climbed many positions until he placed himself in the seventh place of the ranking of major fortunes in China with a heritage of 30,000 million dollars. Chinese and American millionaires The Hurun 2025 report reveals that China has 823 billionaires, an increase of nine compared to the previous year. However, by First time in ten years, The United States has surpassed China In the number of billionaires, with 870 ultrarricos, an increase of 70 with respect to the 2024 report. As for the activity sectors, in China the Technology billionaireselectronic commerce and the manufacturing industry. On the other hand, the great fortunes of the United States have forged in the sectors of technology, finance and commerce. The convergence point is found in AI, where the fortunes of US millionaires as Jensen Huang either Sam Altman They have increased considerably for 2024 thanks to their role in this technology, but they find their counterpoint in figures such as Liang Wenfengfounder of Deepseek, who has made stagger the foundations of the AI ​​industry on the other side of the Pacific Ocean. In Xataka | The list of the richest people in Spain in 2025: many changes in the figures, but not in the protagonists Image | Wikimedia Commons (China News Service), Unspash (Li Yang)

Elon Musk has revealed the formula of his team’s success. The problem is that they barely have time to sleep and eat

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Facing The experiments and tests around the world that seek to establish a four -day workdaythe richest man on the planet proposes a hardly justifiable leap against. Elon Musk recently revealed which is the “formula of success” of the efficiency office it manages in the United States government. The keys: work So many hours that sleep deprivation threatens the health of the workers themselves. The culture of the extreme. He did it a few weeks ago through Your X account. Elon Musk revealed then that he and his department of government efficiety (Doge) work work nothing less than 120 hours per weeka figure that triples the standard day 40 hours. Musk argued that this titanic effort is what allows them to overcome their “bureaucratic opponents,” who operate with conventional schedules. What does science say to all this? Divide the day. Making the accounts more or less standard, and since a week has 168 hours, working 120 hours is to leave alone 48 hours for any other activityincluding in the eating equation, bathing, moving to work/return home and, of course, sleeping. In the best case, if an employee allocated those 48 hours only to sleep, he would get a maximum of 6.8 hours per night, well below The 8 recommended hours by health experts. However, it is still a utopia considering the time of displacement and any other of the basic needs, so it is likely that real rest is much lower. Science. In Fortune They collected several studies that warn about the serious consequences of working in excess. Mayo Clinic points out that sleep less than 7 hours At night it can contribute to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke and depression. WHO data already indicated in 2016 that 745,000 people died by cardiovascular diseases associated with working days of 55 hours or more. Microsueños. Since the 1950s, scientists Like William Dement They have documented The effects of sleep In the brain, identifying the IMPORTANCE OF REM DREAM and discovering the phenomenon of The so -called “microsueños”episodes of momentary unconsciousness that can cause fatal errors at work. More recently, studies have shown that lack of sleep reduces activity in The prefrontal cortex (responsible for decision making) and in The hippocampus (key in memory). The impact is not just neurological. The study of the World Health Organization indicated that working more than 55 hours per week increases by 35% the risk of stroke and in 17% the risk of heart disease. In terms of productivity, an investigation from Stanford University concluded that it falls dramatically After 50 hours a weekand that working 70 hours per week generates almost The same production as 56 hourswhich suggests decreasing yields beyond a certain point. Musk’s obsession. The truth is that it was already known that Musk was a recognized WORLKAHOLIC. In A 2022 interview With investor Ron Baron, he confessed to having lived three years within his factories in Tesla and Spacex, sleeping in sofastents on the roofs and even under his desk, surrounded by metallic dust and the most uncomfortable conditions. No doubt, his labor philosophy of “more hours is equal to more efficiency” has been widely criticizedsince scientific evidence suggests that imposing extreme days does not guarantee better results and, instead, It affects health and the well -being of workers. Govern without sleep. They counted in a VOX medium report that the extreme work rhythm in Doge has already generated serious mistakes In public administration. From multimillionaire mathematical failures to the accidental dissemination of classified information, fatigue seems to be affecting the capacity of the Musk team to make key decisions. The recent dismissal and Hurrying reaction of essential personnel in areas such as nuclear safety and Avian flu response It is a sign that the policy of exhaustion could be having real and dangerous consequences. Plus: Trump administration is implementing Mass dismissals in the IRS In full tax season, which could generate an administrative collapse. In short, these types of measures, promoted by an apparently exhausted team, arouse concerns about the efficacy and stability of the government Under this new hyperproductivity model. The failures of “hacking” the dream. Paradoxically, Musk and other technological leaders have recognized that The dream cannot be replaced. Companies like Eight Sleepthat sold rest capsules From no less than 4,600 dollars to Musk and his team, they reinforce the idea that, although the culture of extreme work remains promoted, they are also looking for more efficient ways to achieve that eight -hour standard. Even figures such as Mark Zuckerberg and Jeff Bezos have defended the Importance of rest In productivity. On the other sidewalk, while Musk insists on that exhausting routine, he himself has admitted that his ancient habits caused “brain pain”, in fact, his Erratic behavior in networks Social raises doubts about whether you are really improving your rest. Sleep more, no less. Despite the alleged glamor that some try to grant sleep deprivation, scientific evidence is overwhelming: The rest is indispensable For the optimal functioning of brain and body. Instead of glorifying days of 120 hours per week, the real challenge should be to find ways to maximize productivity without compromising health. One thing seems clearly clear: at the end of the day, not even the brightest and most innovative minds can escape human biology. Musk either. Image | Gage Skidmore In Xataka | In his eagerness to attack the public sector, Elon Musk has crossed a line: distorting the story of Hitler and Stalin In Xataka | In his efforts to cut and fire workers in the US, Elon Musk has gone one step further: Italy

We thought we had seen everything about the futuristic city of Neom. A document has revealed what Saudi Arabia hidden: its cost

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At the beginning of March Neom He was news again. Satellite images through Google showed that the expansion of its port had experienced a significant transformation as Part of oxagonthe “Pata” futuristic “leg” of Neom. Once again, the hyperbole flooded a project that was born exaggerated and that, perhaps, dies exactly the same. Dreams and chaos. We have treated countless times the project in Saudi Arabia. Neom is An ambitious project destined to transform the country into a global center of technology and businesses, which faces serious problems that have questioned their viability. As we will see below, despite the 50,000 million dollars already invested, uncontrolled costs, mass delays and a management model full of illusions and financial concealment have turned this megaproject into A monumental challenge For the heir prince Mohammed Bin Salman (MBS). A start to trompicones. The spectacular Inauguration event On October on the island of Sindalah, with the presence of celebrities such as Will Smith, Tom Brady and Alicia Keys, today it is seen from another perspective. The reason? One was hidden less glamorous reality: The constructions They were incompletethe budgets had been tripled and the heir prince himself was unexpectedly absent, a gesture interpreted by many as a sign of disapproval. Not just that. Weeks later, the CEO of Neom It ended up being replacedand a new executive team took control in a desperate attempt to straighten the project. Futuristic promises vs reality. No doubt, Neom was conceived as a city of the future with science fiction elements, including in equation A The Linethat pair of skyscrapers 170 km long and 500 meters high (then trimmed in the budget); Trojenathe skiing station in the desert; Oxagona kind of floating business and industrial district; either Sindalaha spectacular luxury resort in the Red Sea. However, reality It has been very different. Delays of more than three years in Sindalah, which still does not open its hotels or golf course, while Neom has to face A cut of your first phasewhich puts at risk attract the necessary population to justify the investment. To this we must add overflowing costs: It is estimated that Neom It will cost 8.8 billion dollars By 2080, more than 25 times the annual budget of the country. Plus: obvious logistics challenges, since construction in the desert lacks the necessary basic infrastructure (labor, roads, ports and electricity). The mega projected port for oxagon The financial disaster is uncovered. And so we arrive at the news of this week that has made the viability of the project jump through the air. An internal report of more than 100 pages, Reviewed by The Wall Street Journalhas revealed that the executives of Neom, with the support of the consultant McKinsey & Co., have been altering financial estimates to justify the increase in costs. In other words: the report found “evidence of deliberate manipulation” of figures to hide the real expense. In trojena, for example, when the cost is shot at 10 billion Of dollars, instead of reducing expenses, income expectations were inflated, artificially raising hotels and luxury camps rates. There are more. For example, the projected rate of a boutique hotel It went from $ 489 to $ 1,866 by night. And luxury “glamping” rose from $ 216 to $ 704 per night. McKinsey, who has charged More than 130 million dollars A year in fees for Neom, he validated these projections after another advisor refused to do so, according to the audit. The role of the prince. We already counted a few weeks ago that the project has started A monumental palace For the man behind the pharaonic project. The heir prince has been directly involved in each key decision, supervising architectural designs and promoting ideas Inspired by video games and science fiction movies. Some of its proposals include a “zero gravity” architecturethat challenges physical laws; or “El Candelabro”, a 30 -story skyscrapers suspended face down from a bridge; either Floating theaters between skyscrapers and a amusement park 300 meters high. When engineers have tried to reduce The Line height to save costs, Bin Salman He rejected the ideainsisting that the 500 meters high should be maintained. In another case, when The Line’s original architect, Thom Mayne, wanted to express concerns about excessive costs, Neom’s executives simply They blocked their access to the prince. Cuts and crisis. It has been the consequence. With the out of control costs, the Saudi government has begun to modify the deadlines and expectations. The initial construction of The Line was reduced from 10 km Just 1.5 km. A 30 km tunnel For trains it was canceled by excessive uprights. Finally, the goal of having the first functional section by 2030 has Delayed at 2034. That said, and despite the measures adopted, the prince and the Saudi Sovereign Fund They are still betting on the projectalthough they have begun to describe it as “a generational investment”, instead of an immediate growth source for Vision 2030. Time, of course, will issue a sentence, but today is approaching an example of quite unrealistic planninguncontrolled expense and lack of financial supervision. The futuristic city of the desert, conceived as the “civilizational revolution” of Prince Mohammed Bin Salman, seems to be trapped in a clash between fantasy and reality, already despite the billions of inverted millions, its success remains, at least, highly uncertain. Image | Google In Xataka | How much money Elon Musk has: how the fortune of the man who plans the colonization of Mars from a social network is distributed In Xataka | Who are the largest millionaires in Spain: the list of the ten richest people in the country

A study has revealed how much technology pays in Spain

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Compare it what companies of companies charge It is one of the most effective tools to know what range the remuneration of a certain sector For a certain vacancy or the time of request a salary. However, companies on a very rare occasion make that information public. The Manfred Technological Employment Platform have developed the study ‘Salary comparative of the Tech sector in Spain 2025‘In which, crossing the salary data of five companies operating in Spain, they have been able to establish salary bands for different corporate steps. The importance of salary transparency. In Spain it is not very common for companies to announce the salary bands for each profile and their career plans, although this helps all employees to understand how they can grow within the company and how much they can win. For that reason, in 2023 a New European regulations that will force companies to be more transparent with salaries. That information is relevant when request a salary or know if the salary of a certain job offer adapts to the average values ​​of the sector. Salaries in five technology. To carry out its study, Manfred has analyzed the public salary ranges and scales of Cabify, Alan and Factorial. On the other hand, external sources such as Glassdoor or Levels.fyi To know the data of Glovo and N26. Mandred has analyzed Salary progression For the different software engineering roles, depending on the experience and responsibility of the position, from the most junior profiles to the standing or principal standing positions. In addition, having 2022 datawe can see the salary evolution that these positions have had. Roles and salary profiles of the five companies Source: Manfred.com Where does it charge more and where does it rise faster? According to the study, Alan and Glovo are the companies that offer highest wages For positions of greater responsibility. Specifically, a main engineer can win up to 170,000 euros a year in Alan, and a salary of 150,000 euros annually plus 22,000 euros of variable bonus in Glovo. As for Junior profiles, it is Alan again who best pays its new employees, with salaries ranging between 45,000 euros and 48,000 euros per year. As for the speed with which It can be promoted and increase salary, the situation is somewhat more complex. Companies such as Factorial or Alan have many intermediate salary scales, which could be derived in periods of promotion between 12 and 18 months to the lowest profiles. The authors of the study consider that Glovo is the company where an elevated salary (more than 80,000 euros) can be achieved in less time. However, this process may require a career with more than 10 years of experience. Salary evolution since 2022. In general terms, salaries in the Spanish technology sector have improved considerably since 2022, especially in the most experienced positions. For example, in factorial, the highest salary ranges have improved between 15,000 euros and 30,000 euros a year thanks to the incorporation of a variable bonus. In Cabify, Senior and Staff roles have grown between 13,000 and 30,000 euros a year, while in Glovo, L4 and L5 ranges have increased between 20,000 and 30,000 euros a year in the last three years. In Xataka | The salary remains a source of job dissatisfaction: six out of ten employees consider that it charges little Image | Unspash (Sigmund)

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