planet

The US is dismantling the chips law. His blow will fit the semiconductor industry throughout the planet

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Donald Trump is fulfilling what he anticipated both during the electoral campaign and after returning to the White House. The Chips Law Approved in July 2022 By the government of Joe Biden He has never liked him. Has made it very clear in statements such as this last January: “In the very close future we will impose tariffs on foreign production of computer chips, semiconductors and pharmaceutical products to return the manufacture of these essential goods to the US (…) went to Taiwan; now we want them to return. We do not want to give them billions of dollars in the ridiculous driver program. They already have billions of dollars.” Three months before, in October 2024, I had already charged ferocity against this program of the previous administration In Joe Rogan’s podcast: “We put millions of dollars on the table so that rich companies came, they borrow the money and build chip companies here. And they will not give us the best companies.” The Department of Commerce has seized 7,400 million destined for chips During the electoral campaign the possibility that Donald Trump dismantled the Chips program if he arrived at the government was on the table. A priori the money that has already been delivered will not be returned to the administration, but a part of the funds remains in the hands of the Department of Commerce, which is currently led by Howard Lutnick. And the dismantling has already begun. As we explained last Friday, the US government plans Reassign at least 2,000 million dollars coming from the heading for research and manufacturing integrated circuits within the Chips Law. If this measure thrives these funds will be used to finance projects dedicated to obtaining and the processing of critical minerals. At the moment China controls extractionthe processing and distribution chain of a good part of this crucial strategic resource for many industries, such as integrated circuits, telecommunications, batteries or electric car, among others. The government plans to reallow at least 2,000 million from the game for the investigation and manufacture of chips However, this is not all. And it is that the US Department of Commerce has seized a fund of 7.4 billion dollars that was managed by the National Center for the advance of semiconductor technology (Natcast), which is a private non -profit organization. This money comes from the Chips program and was intended for the research and development of new technologies for semiconductors. The Department of Commerce has justified this seizure arguing that the creation of Natcast by the Biden Administration was an attempt to “avoid clear legal restrictions that They prohibit government agencies to create corporations“In addition, Secretary Lutnick has declared that this organization was “a bribe fund that did nothing but fill the pockets of loyal to Biden with dollars from US taxpayers.” A priori we might think that this measure only affects the US, but nothing is further from reality. Its impact will be received by the global semiconductor industry. American research has made fundamental contributions to the global integrated circuit industry, so the cut of funds for this item in the Chips Law will be a perceptible effect in this sector. As a button shows: the extreme ultraviolet radiation source (UVE) that they use ASML photolithography equipment It was developed by Cymer in the US. If we stick to Natcast’s role in the current semiconductor research, it is important that we do not overlook that this organization is involved in the construction of the extreme ultraviolet light accelerator (UVE) of Albany (New York). And also in the tuning of an Chips Research and Development Center in Tempe (Arizona). The Commerce Department has not yet confirmed What will you do with the 7.4 billion dollars That he has seized, so the future of New York and Arizona research facilities is uncertain. More information | Reuters | Tom’s hardware In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

The most self -sufficient countries on the planet at the food level, gathered in a surprising graphic

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Humanity has eaten what it played For thousands of years. With globalizationhe has started eating what he wants and that, together with the population increase, It has consequences. Not being able to meet the demand of some foods, Import is a necessity. But it turns out that there is a unique country in the world, a completely self -sufficient one if we talk about food. Guyana The All-Star of Self-sufficiency. In the upper graph, prepared by Visual Capitalistwe can see the 50 most self -sufficient countries in the world at the food level. It reflects seven food groups: Fruit. Vegetables. Legumes. Starchy foods such as flours or rice. Meat. Fish. Dairy. And the only country that not only complies, but exceeds the production of what its population of each of these groups needs is Guyana. It is a small country of about 815,000 inhabitants located in northern South America that has shot your GDP These last years. Partly, thanks to discovery Of great oil reserves in 2015, but before that boom, their agricultural and mining industry were the ones that pulled the car. Closing the podium. So much that it is, as we say, the only one that produces its own food in all groups, highlighting in one that does not usually highlight: starchy foods. Closing the podium, we must look at Asia. Vietnam and China are two other countries that meet in six of the seven groups. The common strong point is the production of meat and fish (Meritory in the case of China, but At the expense of half -world folders). The weak is that of dairy products. It is common in Asia, with cases as dramatic as Indonesia, Thailand, Tonga, Laos or Philippines, which satisfy 0% of their dairy consumption with the national product. To the tail … On the other side of the balance we have Armenia, Thailand and Greece. The three countries are in the group of those that meet in the production of four categories (where the vast majority of countries are found), but with low percentages in general in almost all groups and a total dependence on dairy and vegetables in the case of Thailand, starchy and, curiously, fish in the case of Greece and legumes and fish in the case of Armenia. Europe and the fruits that come through those who come out. Taking an eye on the panorama of the member countries of the European Union (Greece is an example), we see that some falter, others stand out. And vice versa. The north, for example, does not get along with the Fruit culturesomething that does stand out in the countries of the South. The key in this case is the Single market Agricultural that allows food products to circulate freely between member countries, without regulatory tariffs or barriers. More than 70% of EU’s food products is carried out between member countries, being something that ensures balance and supply even in cases of local productive problems. In Xataka | The size of the submerged economy of all countries in the world, exposed in this developer map

We are running out of beaches on the planet. And we don’t realize because they are filling them at an indecent price

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There is something much worse than the appearance of algae either Fecal matter On the beaches. Even above of systematic “theft” That is being done on the coasts to continue raising brick, there is a silent reality whose ending is a scenario where, directly, we run out of beaches on the planet. That process is not just happening, we are spending a fortune at all. Global threat. I told this week The Financial Times In an extensive report. Rodanthein the Outer Banks of North Carolina, exemplifies the serious erosion suffered They have collapsed at sea. The problem, aggravated by more intense storms, strong tides and the rise in the level of the sea associated with climate change, is now amplified by a critical factor: the Sand scarcityresource that acts as a natural barrier to floods and temporal, but whose growing demand (especially For construction) it more expensive and limits its availability. The (no) trick. He method More common to stop erosion has been the “beach regeneration”, moving sand From other points, but in Rodanthe the initial cost would exceed 40 million dollarssomething unassumable for the municipality. This leaves as options the planned withdrawal of infrastructure or resistance until the waves dictate the end. Erosion as a structural challenge. Of course, there is a lot more. Cities such as Miami, Barcelona or the Australian Gold Coast face constant sand losses that threaten their beaches, vital for tourism and local economy. In Barcelona, erosion annual 30,000 m³ It is aggravated with each temporary, and although dikes and breakwaters have been added, the setback continues. In the Gold CoastCyclone Alfred in March started so much sand that left stretches of the retaining wall; Restoring the coast will cost three years and 40 million Australian dollars. The dilemma It is global: 10% of the population lives less than 5 km of the coast and urbanization slows the natural flows of sand, aggravating the problem. Rodanthe Steal sand. And yes, even scientists already They have warned On several occasions that sustaining beaches artificially is increasingly difficult and extremely expensive, and that in some cases it would be more sensible to allow the coastline to migrate inland, although socially and politically complex. Gold Coast The dilemma of providing sand. Regeneration It has advantages in front of rigid structures such as retaining walls, which can intensify erosion in adjacent areas. However, it is temporary and its duration depends on local geology, climate and human pressure: some beaches require new contributions every two years, others last a decade. In the United States, where it has been applied for a century, they have been treated almost 600 beachesreaching a maximum of 50 million m³ in 2019. The problem? That the search for proper sand It is complicated: In North Carolina, local reserves are exhausted, in Miami transport is used from inside, and environmental objections, such as marine habitats, delay projects. Plus: Powerful storms can erase millionaire investments. Perspectives and answers. In places with moderate erosion or abundant reserves, such as the Netherlands, regeneration is a State policy: The country invests the 0.3% of your GDP Annual in flood risk management and has 12 million m³ of sand available every year, sufficient to protect entire cities. On the other hand, in areas with severe erosion and overflowing costs, planned withdrawal can be the only viable output, implying controlled expropriations and demolitions. The Times told that in Rodanthe, the National Parks Service acquired and demolished two houses valued in millions to return the land to public use, but There are no funds For more purchases. Many residents, aware of living in the “land of changing sands”, assume that the sea will gain ground and prepare to sell when the water reaches wetlands. Battle against time (and economy). In short, the Sand scarcityits increase and the increase in coastal erosion draw a future in which to keep the current beaches looks like it is unfeasible for many communities. Although Regeneration It remains the preferred option to protect local properties and economies, its physical, financial and environmental limits. rethink strategies. The dilemma between spending more and more to contain the sea or yield terrain to nature will mark the future of much of the inhabited coasts, and the margin of maneuver is narrowed as the climate and the demand for sand accelerate the process. Image | Pxhere, Public Domaine, Petra In Xataka | Xàbia set out to end cao chaos and bathers in his most famous coves. Did not go as expected In Xataka | There is only something more abundant than tourists on Spanish beaches: Asian algae are becoming a huge problem

Industrial espionage is threatening the largest chips manufacturer on the planet: TSMC

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It is no secret: espionage is very present in The semiconductor industry. It is in other sectors and we can be sure that a strategic industry such as integrated circuits It is not at all immune to him. On this occasion “the victim” is the Taiwanese company TSMC, The largest integrated circuit manufacturer of the planet. And, curiously, this plot of industrial espionage does not arrive at any time. And this company is about to start the large -scale manufacture of chips using its most advanced integration technology: The 2 Nm. What we know at the moment is that, According to Reutersthe Taiwanese authorities have arrested three TSMC employees because they have allegedly stole commercial secrets of this company. As we can expect, behind this detention is TSMC itself, as He has revealed The Taiwan Superior Prosecutor’s Office in a statement. According to Nikkei Asiathose responsible for this company have realized that two employees and a former employee have been made with critical information about the photolithography of 2 Nm of TSMC. This information is very valuable. In fact, it could be used by a competitor to optimize its own semiconductor manufacturing processes. The research has not yet determined whether this stolen information has reached another company, but United Daily News ensures that researchers have registered the offices of the Japanese company Tokyo Electron. At the moment this last signature has not confirmed or denied anything. Other industrial espionage frames that have given much to talk Our next protagonist is Asml. This Dutch company is the only one that is currently capable of manufacturing teams of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE) that are necessary to produce avant -garde chips. At the end of 2023 Peter Wennink, the then general director of ASML, confirmed that a Chinese origin employee had abandoned the company in 2022 after being recruited by Huawei with the purpose of revealing this Chinese company secrets of the Dutch firm that a priori could compromise their business. According to the Dutch medium, Russia has something important in its favor: it has spies inside Asml This event was so serious that those responsible for ASML decided to include it in their 2022 annual report and Wennink was forced to Give explanations In a meeting with investors. According to this executive, the information stolen by the former Chinese employee It was partial. In fact, he described it as “one piece in a puzzle whose box is not in your power.” This Wennink statement rightly reflects The titanic complexity that have the most advanced lithography equipment produced by ASML. At the end of last year this company starred in another plot of espionage. Again as “victim.” The Government led by Vladimir Putin intends to have a prototype of UVE lithography equipment capable of manufacturing 130 Nm chips ready in 2026. And in 2028 another similar one trained to produce integrated 7 nm circuits. A priori it is difficult to believe it, but, according to the Dutch medium USRussia has something important in your favor: it has spies within ASML. Like China. In fact, one of them, a former employee of Russian origin, He has been arrested and is accused of stealing critical commercial secrets. The last plot of industrial espionage that I propose that we review is starring the South Korean company SK Hynix and the Chinese company Huawei. In mid -April 2024 a former employee of Chinese sk Hynix origin It was stopped at a South Korean airport when he was about to enter the country. The accusation that was cernia about it was very serious: it was suspected of having stolen confidential information about semiconductor manufacturing processes Used by SK Hynix to give it to Huawei. This employee decided to print 3,000 pages of technical documents, and that movement gave it away because it aroused suspicion immediately within the company. He faces 18 years in prison. Image | TSMC More information | Reuters | Nikkei Asia In Xataka | South Korea fears US reprisals. To avoid their old lithography equipment, they take dust on a warehouse

Half of all the oil we need passes through two runners, and one is right now the hottest point of the planet

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We can think that overall supply chain It is solid due to the number of transport options. However, commercial networks in huge airplanes, the rail transport that China wants to boost With his new ‘Silk routeor the road transport They remain in the background if we compare it with The reliable old man: the ship. And, when we talk about oil transport worldwide, this is something that is much more evidenced. This graph prepared by Visual Capitalist It reflects it perfectly. The data. Talking about oil is talking about certain countries that brings together the bulk of reserves. However, not always the most oil is the one who produces the most (to tell Venzuela), and world trade in crude passes through a few points between Asia and the Middle East. If these funnels have any problem, the entire world will also have it because the estimated amount that moves every day is an absolute barbarity: Millions of barrels a day in 2023 Strait of Malaca 23.7 Ormuz narrow 20.9 Suez Canal 8.8 Bab el-Mandeb 8.6 Cape of Good Hope 6 Strait of Denmark 4.9 Strait of Türkiye 3.4 Panama Canal 2.1 Malaca is the big funnel. With 23.7 million barrels per day moved in 2023, you have to talk about the first name of the list: the Strait of Malaca. It is a narrow complex due to its depth and wide, but it has become the main oil transport channel in the Middle East to Japan, South Korea and, above all, China. The Asian giant is the main oil importer (Although the batteries are being put to become one of the main producers) and it is estimated that 25% of the maritime transport of crude passes through this corridor. Its location between the Peninsula of Malaysia and Sumatra makes it the shortest and, therefore economic road between the Indian and the Pacific. And is responsible for Singapore is the largest gas station in the ocean. Ormuz, the hot spot. If Malaca’s is vital for the crude that goes to Asia, that of Ormuz It is essential for the one from the great producers such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Arab Emirates, Kuwait or will go to the rest of the West (although a lot of production also goes to Asia). The Strait has about 167 km long and about 40 wide, but navigation routes are much narrower. Now, its peculiarity is that it has sufficient depth to allow the transit of the great oil tankers and entrepreneurships. The problem is its location. This is the only significant maritime exit (for trade) that the Persian Gulf has and, like Malaca’s, it is a strategic point that Recently it has been in the foreground due to the War between Iran, Israel and the United States actions. Fragile balance. Being the 20% output point of the oil worldwide, and also moving much of the Liquefied natural gas which is consumed in the world, a block would have deep effects on the economy and global energy dependence. The estimate is that about 20 million barrels are moved daily and, if that flow is compromised, prices HE They would shoot at levels similar to the right views after Start of the Ukraine War or in the 70’s oil crisis. In addition, other points such as Suez or Malaca They would receive more ship influxwhich would carry overloads, shipping delays and would not serve to relax the barrel price increase. And the most important thing that lets us see this map is that, although there are several critical points for oil, two of them bring together almost half of the crude oil movement of the entire planet, which implies a balance that the Geopolitical tensions They can destabilize easily. Saudi Arabia and Arab Emirates are promoting the creation of pipelines to diversify the supply routes, and in the aforementioned ‘New Silk route’ are also raised alternatives to reduce the dependence of the narrows in the oil that moves to China. But, for the moment, Malaca and Ormuz are the hottest points of oil worldwide. In Xataka | The world capital of rare earth is being made of gold thanks to them. And it is also poisoning

The most bestial data centers on the planet, gathered in this graphic

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The development of AI has promoted a New ‘Armamentistic’ career globally. It is not sought to dominate another territory, but to get the more computing power, the better. The main technology companies are deploying centers from Data around the world With a goal in mind: train the artificial intelligence. There are data centers that are authentic burged, and in this graph we can see the most powerful data clusters in the world with an outstanding protagonist: Elon Musk. Cluster. Before entering numbers, a nuance. When we talk about calculation power, we can talk about a computer cluster or a supercomputer. The latter is a system Extremely powerful which can be built with processors specially designed to reach extreme calculation powers or, most commonly common, from thousands of high performance servers. They are used for scientific simulations and tasks that require a huge calculation process, and its cost is brutal. On the other hand, We have the “affordable” version of a supercomputer: the computer cluster. It is a series of interconnected work stations that work in parallel solving problems. It is similar to a supercomputer, but the advantage is that It is a more flexible system Because, as you need more teams, you can expand the cluster. In addition, the components are more standard, which also allows the cost to be lower. But well, it is a concept that has blurred in recent years. The 100,000 club. That said, let’s go back to the graph elaborated by Visual Capitalist With the data of EPOCH AI. In it, we can see the most powerful clusters currently, but with some trap: they are both planned and operational. X, Elon Musk’s company, lit the XAI Colossus Memphis Phase 1 last year, a huge data center with 100,000 NVIDIA H100 GPU With the aim of training ‘Grok’, his AI model. It was something that He even surprised Jensen HuangCEO of Nvidia. It is a computing monster with an enormous calculation power, but the figure is expected to increase up to 200,000 GPU. We will see later the energy consequences of this. Following Musk’s company, we have Meta by stating that they have a cluster “greater than 100,000 GPU H100“For her model ‘calls 4’. Then there are those who maintain something else the mystery. For example, Microsoft with its cluster For Azure, Copilot and the OpenAi AI estimated they have 100,000 GPU between H100 and H200, Two worlds. Out of that 100,000 club we have Oracle With its 65,536 NVIDIA H200, another Musk company -you with the Cortex Phase 1 and its 50,000 GPU, and the United States Department of Energy with The Captainhe Most powerful supercomputer in the world. Officers or estimated, what is clear with this graph is that there is a country that has taken the calculation of AI seriously: United States. They are the ones that seem to push stronger with their data centers in the United States (of the 10 clusters, the first nine are in the US and the last in China) and are not only building inside their borders: Also outside. An example is the finish plan for Build data centers in Spain or the one who has practically Manhattan’s size. European expansion. In the graph, we can see two European clusters. On the one hand, The Jupiter from the Jülich Supercomputing Center in Germany with its confirmed GPUs. On the other hand, the Nexgen In Norway, with about 16,300 GPUs. Europe has undertaken several financing initiatives with the objective of Promote your competitiveness Thanks to programs such as Genai4eu and its budget of 700 million euros between 2024 and 2026. The objective is to build large data centers and, for the call of 2025, 76 proposals were presented in 16 different countries. Now, that development of the European AI must be aligned with Ai actthe agreement in force since February of this 2025 that ensures transparency and an ethical AI. Number vs. efficiency in China. Who has put the batteries in AI, beyond US companies, is China. Following one Road map very different from the westernChina is focusing on having (supposedly) less GPU working, operating with greater efficiency, much lower costs than those of American companies and with equivalent results. Deepseek or the most recent Kimi They are two samples of it. Nvidia rubs her hands. And of all this battle for AI, there is a clear winner: Nvidia. As much as it may be, and beyond who has more or less GPU to do the job, the clear winner is Nvidia. In China it is not so clear due to the commercial veto, but the main world data centers use Nvidia’s architecture with their GRAPHS H100 Y H200. And that if we talk about “normal” cards for AI, since they have the B200 with four times the performance of H100. In fact, the company seems so focused on that AI career that would have neglected what led by AMD for years: Your players cards. Those are servers of Lenovo data centers. Companies seek to reduce the footprint reusing hot water after dissipation to, for example, fill pools or showers. Image | Xataka The planet, not so much. And the consequence of that expansion of the AI is that data centers not only need huge energy amounts To function, also water to dissipate the heat of the equipment. There is an important absent in the graph, Google, which also operates its data centers for AI and that, together with others as goal or Microsoftneeds nuclear centrals to feed its facilities. Consumption is so exaggerated that renewables are insufficient during demand peaks, Using fossil fuels like coal or gas ( esteem That, the 200,000 Colossus GPU consume 300 MW, enough to feed 300,000 homes) and, as we said, the Water use has become discussion material in the candidate territories to house new data centers. So much dissipation needs China to already Building at the bottom of the ocean. In Xataka | China wants to become AI world engine. … Read more

Ammonite. They are lousy news for the fans of the planet nine

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In the Dark confines From the Solar System, beyond the orbit of Neptune, a new world has appeared. First detected in May 2023 from the top of the Mauna Kea volcano in Hawaii, astronomers have just called a name: ammonite. But not everything is good news, especially For those who hoped to find The planet nine. Short. 2023 KQ14 “Ammonite” is a new transneptunian object between 220 and 380 km in diameter that revolves around the sun in an extremely wide elliptical orbit. The peculiar of his orbit is that he is not aligned with other similar objects. According to a study Posted in Nature Astronomythe finding challenges the hypothesis that a distant planet still to discover (the elusive planet nine) could be aligning its orbits. A true cosmic fossil. The Amonite nickname, like ancient marine fossils, is not accidental. Astronomers believe that this object is a solar system relic, a time capsule whose orbit has remained virtually unchanged for 4.5 billion years. In fact, its discovery was possible thanks to the Fossil II Project (Formation of the Outer Solar System: An iory legacy), which tracked this type of objects with the Subaru telescope in Hawaii. What they found exceeded their expectations, because Ammonite is quite special. A very exclusive club. In addition to having a considerable size, Ammonite is far away. It has the third most distant perihelio ever detected: the point closest to the sun of its orbit is 66 astronomical units, more than double that of Neptune. The interesting thing is that what astronomers occupy the “perihelium gap”, an area between 50 and 75, where they had not found objects of this type. Ammonite is what is known as a senoid, an ultra -exclusive category of transneptunian objects of which we only knew three specimens: Sedna (The candidate for dwarf planet that gives name to the group), 2012 VP113 and Leleākūhonua. What makes them so special is that their orbits are enormous and extremely elliptical, but its closest point to the sun is so far that Neptune’s gravity barely affects them. They are gravitationally isolated. Problems for the planet nine. For years, The planet’s hypothesis nine He has won traction to explain a strange anomaly: the orbits of the sedoids and other extreme transneptunian objects They seem to be groupedas if the severity of a massive planet, too dark to be easily detected from Earth, were directing them. In addition to dark and distant, we now have another complication that makes it difficult to find. Amonite’s orbit is not only aligned with that of the other three senoids, but points in the opposite direction. With most of the models proposed for planet nine, Ammonite’s orbit would be unstable: it would have been expelled from the solar system a long time ago. So what happened? If it is not the planet nine, what molded those strange orbits? By simulating the orbits of the four senoids known back in time, Synica Academy researchers They discovered something. Although today they are scattered, simulations show with more than 97% confidence that about 4.2 billion years ago, their perihelios were grouped. This suggests that a cataclysmic event occurred about 300 million years after the formation of the solar system placed them all in their strange trajectories. But what was that power so powerful? There are two great candidates. The near passage of a wandering star who approached our sun in his childhood and that could have gravitationally scrambled the confines of the system. Or the existence of a giant planet that, after interacting with these objects, was subsequently expelled from the solar system. Not a planet nine, but a rebel planet. Image | Synical Academy In Xataka | Good news, the solar system has a new minor planet. Bad news, it’s so far that appears every 25,000 years

There is a single opportunity in 11,000 years of reaching the planet Sedna. Some Italians want to use this nuclear engine

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A team of Italian scientists has drawn a plan to achieve one of the most distant and enigmatic objects of our solar system: the Dwarf Planet Sedna. Two options. Research, Prepublished in Arxivdetails two concepts of spacecraft to drastically shorten the trip to Sedna. Not only with the aim of doing so in less time, but also quick enough to arrive before the dwarf planet immerses itself in the dark of deep space for thousands of years. One of them is a high -tech solar candle that, according to researchers, could make the journey in just seven years. The other is a nuclear fusion rocket that would do it in about ten, but with a great advantage: it could enter orbit once there. The moment is key. He Planet Sednadiscovered in 2003, has an extremely eccentric orbit that lasts about 11,000 years. In 2076 he will reach his perihelio, the point of his orbit closest to the Sun, although “close” is a relative term: it will be almost 11,000 million kilometers, about three times the distance from Neptune to our star. It is a unique opportunity in millennia to send a probe. With current rocket technology, such a trip would require between 20 and 30 years, which would force to develop in record time an incredibly complex and high -budget mission. The cheap alternative. The first option is A solar candle that takes advantage of the thrust of the photons of the sun To propel the ship, a concept already tested in missions such as Lightsail 2 of planetary society. However, this candle would go one step further: it would be covered with a material that, when heated with sunlight, released molecules through a thermal disorption process that provided an additional thrust. Thanks to Jupiter’s gravitational assistance, this ultralight ship could reach SEDNA in just seven years. The great advantage is that it would not need to load with the weight of the fuel. The disadvantage is that I could only overflow, quickly through Sedna, As did the New Horizons probe with Pluto. I would collect valuable data, but the meeting would be brief. The ambitious alternative. The second proposal is more ambitious: a rocket driven by the direct fusion engine that is already being developed in the Plasma Physics Laboratory of Princeton University. This engine would not only generate thrust, but also electrical energy from a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, offering continuous and powerful acceleration. A trip with the nuclear engine would have been ten years. Although it is slower than the solar candle, it has a major prize: the ability to insert the ship into the Sedna orbit, making possible a much more detailed long -term study of its surface, its composition and its interaction with the space environment compared to the solar candle. Why Sedna? Not only because it is a transneptunian object, an ice cream that orbits beyond Neptune. Its reddish surface and its extreme orbit make it a pristine relic of the formation of the solar system. Scientists believe Sedna could contain organic compounds and water ice, the original “bricks” of the planets. Since most of its time passes far from the Sun, its surface has been protected from radiation and heat, being almost intact. One of the most fascinating hypotheses is that Sedna could be an exoplanet captured by our solar system during a stellar encounter in the past. Being able to analyze its in situ composition would literally study material from another star system without leaving ours. Image | CSWANCMU (CC) In Xataka | Electronuclear and Nuclear Fusion Propulsion are the options of science to take us to deep space

China has been cultivating Stem talent in silence for 40 years. Today has the most coveted quarry on the planet

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For decades China has been the great factory of the world, but in parallel the country silently prepared another revolution: that of its Stem engineers (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Chinese leadership in graduates in these technical disciplines is overwhelming, and every year produces about 3.5 million engineers among which there is a new elite: that of AI engineers. China triumphs with its long -term plan. It all started in the “post-mao” era. After his death and the arrival of Deng Xiaoping, the country suffered a remarkable reform that began with his “four modernizations“And among them, to restore education with a special focus on science and technology. The president highlighted in 1988 how” science and technology are the main productive forces, “and encouraged a unique change. Hai gui. In the mid -80s China began to send a huge number of students to Western countries. The objective: to learn in their universities and achieve training in fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry and mathematics. Those students then returned to China in a phenomenon that has been called “Hai Gui” (“sea turtles”). They managed to inspire the following generations when returning to Chinese academic institutions, which gradually became some of the most advanced in the world. Chinese elite universities. It happened for example with the University of Tshinghua, which between 2013 and 2016 was already the university with the highest number of relevant scientific studies (cited) according to a study of The Economist. Behind were prestigious US institutions such as Stanford or MIT. As I explained Yang Bin, vice president of the University of Tsinghua, “those intellectuals (the” hai gui “) played a very important role, changing all the climate, raising the standards.” Money and more money to educate. The long -term plan of the Asian giant has worked, and today they leave their universities 3.57 million Stem graduates a year. In the US the figure is four times lower: 820,000. Education spending It has not dropped from 4% of its GDP In the last 20 years, and the incentives for Chinese academics to publish studies are notable: if they are of great quality and they are published in Western institutions, They can enter $ 100,000 By study. And the AI ​​is now a fundamental focus. Between 2012 and 2022 the budget spending of the Chinese government in education increased from 2.2 billion yuan (268,167 million euros) to 4.85 billion yuan (591,187 million euros), more than double. Several Chinese elite universities They have announced His intention to expand his curricula with the objective of prioritizing the strategic needs of the country, and here the AI ​​- who You start teaching in schools– It’s key. Ten years projects. In that article of The Economist, they also reveal how since 1995 the Chinese government has initiated various projects to revolutionize its educational environment. The call came first PROJECT 211 which aimed to “prepare approximately 100 universities for the 21st century.” Later they were replaced with the so-called “Double First-Class Construction”, and under Xi Jinping in 2016, which further promoted technical certifications and high training of Chinese technical universities. IA superstars. We have four good examples of all that great reform. Shengjia Zhao, Hongyu Ren, Jiahui Yu and Shuchao Bi are Superestrellas of the AI. Especially after target “Straight” in Openai’s house and steal them tempting them with stratospheric salaries. They all have something important in common: their training. Talent theft. Zuck confirmed these days in an internal statement Filtrated by CNBC Those signings. There were 11 engineers, 7 of which come from Openai. In that statement, the formation of a new division of “superintelligence” led by Alexandr Wang was also confirmed. And he, in turn, welcomed four of those new companions we were talking about. Who they are. Their names are not known, but these four engineers have had a very relevant role in the development of AI models in OpenAi. In the internal statement itself there is talk of your work in Openai, which has been the following: Jiahui Yu-Co-Creator of O3, O4-MINI, GPT-4.1 and GPT-4O. He previously directed the perception team in OpenAi and multimodal co -directed in Gemini. SHENGJIA ZHAO-Co-Creader of Chatgpt, GPT-4, all MINI, 4.1 and O3 models. He previously directed synthetic data in OpenAI. It has appeared In some of OpenAi’s product presentations. Shuchao Bi: GPT-4O and O4-MINI voice mode co-creator. He previously directed the subsequent multimodal formation in Openal. Hongyu Ren: GPT-4o cooker, 4O-mini, O1-mini, O3-mini, 03 and O4-mini. He previously directed a postformation group in Openal. 100% Chinese talent. But what is striking here is that as they point out In SCMPthese four engineers share a similar and very significant academic trajectory. All of them trained in prestigious Chinese technical universities, and then continue their studies in academic entities in the United States. They graduate in China, they do doctorate in the US. Zhao graduated from the University of Tshinghua in 2016 and then computer study at Stanford University. Ren graduated at the University of Beijing in 2018 and continued studying at Stanford from 2018 to 2023. Yu was titled at the School of Young Talents from the University of Science and Technology of China and then doctorate in computer science at the University of Illinois Urbano-Champaign. And Bi graduated from the University of Zhejiang and then doctorate in mathematics at the University of California in Berkeley. China is the great world engineer quarry. The Asian giant is also in terms of its academic dimension. It is by far the largest world producer of graduates in Stem races (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). They know that well in the US, because Chinese students are the ones who take the highest share of foreign students studying or complete their studies in the US: 20% of all of them come from China. And above all, of AI engineers. A report of the Paulgo Institute of Chicago (USA) recently revealed that 38% of AI experts that develop their professional career in the US They have formed in Chinese universities. … Read more

Neither Mediamarkt, nor the English Court. Power Planet launches one of the best technology campaigns before Prime Day 2025

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There are very few days left for the arrival of the new Amazon Prime Day 2025. Meanwhile, many stores have launched very powerful campaigns, and without a doubt one of the best we do not find it in Mediamarkt, or in El Corte Inglés – eojo, that does not mean that they are bad – but in the Power Days PowerPlanet. We already tell you that some of the best discounts are found in Samsung devicesalthough there are also Xiaomi at a very good price. Samsung Galaxy A56 by 374.99 eurosone of Samsung’s mobiles with better value for money. Xiaomi TV Box S (3rd gen) by 59.50 eurosan excellent Xiaomi Box TV in its latest generation. Samsung Galaxy Tab A9 by 109.90 eurosa tablet with microSD slot up to 1 TB. 8bitdo ultimate by 54.99 eurosa load -based control that is compatible with Nintendo Switch 2, Android and PC. Samsung Galaxy Buds3 Pro by 129.99 eurosexcellent bluetooth headphones with one of its best prices to date. Samsung Galaxy A56 Samsung is one of the most interesting brands in mobiles and stands out both in the high range and in the mid -range. Beyond the Galaxy S series, the Samsung Galaxy A56 It is a most interesting model for the price it has in PowerPlanet during the Power Days: 374.99 euros in its 256 GB configuration. And … What does this mobile stand out? First, the Samsung Galaxy A56 Mount a 6.7 -inch super amoled screen (larger than that of other high -end models), It is very comfortable in hand and has an excellent finishoffers very good autonomy and offers six years of software updates. Samsung Galaxy A56 (256 GB) * Some price may have changed from the last review Xiaomi TV Box S (3rd gen) Xiaomi launched very recently the new generation of its TV Box, offering a quite interesting generational leap. He Xiaomi TV Box (3rd gen) offers a 4K UHD resolution and is compatible with both Dolby Vision and HDR10+ as with Dolby Atmos and DTS: x. In addition, its operating system is Google TV And it comes with Chromecast and with Wi -Fi connectivity 6. Its price in this case has fallen to the 59.50 euros. * Some price may have changed from the last review Samsung Galaxy Tab A9 Ok, the Samsung Galaxy Tab A9 It is a tablet that, in this case, comes with 64 GB of internal storage, but a very positive point is that it includes a microSD card slot up to 1 TB (such as the Samsung Evo Selectalthough there are other cheaper brands). And by 109.90 euroswe are faced with an excellent model with 8.7 -inch screen whose speakers are compatible with Dolby Atmosso it is ideal to see multimedia content. Samsung Galaxy Tab A9 (64 GB) * Some price may have changed from the last review 8bitdo ultimate Yes, Switch 2 Pro Controller is very expensive, but fortunately there are alternatives. 8bitdo is an excellent brand that has a good assortment of controls in its catalog and 8bitdo ultimate It is an excellent purchase option, especially since it has dropped in price to the 54.99 euros And because it is already compatible with Nintendo Switch 2. It includes a load base, comes with two programmable rear buttons, allows you to change the game profile (it has three in total) and has both movement control and vibration. The 8 -bitdo command is compatible with both Android and PC as with Nintendo Switch (The original). Recently the brand has launched an update so that it is also compatible with Nintendo Switch 2. To do this, just access the Command page or directly to Update programwhich can be downloaded both in Windows and Mac. * Some price may have changed from the last review Samsung Galaxy Buds3 Pro For the fifth and last place of this list, I have debated to mention the Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra (369.99 euros) or the Samsung Galaxy Buds3 Prothat have come down to the 129.99 euros. Finally, this last device is the one that has the best value for money, since we have rarely seen them with a similar discount. The Samsung Galaxy Buds3 Pro They are very comfortable Bluetooth headphones that include a very light load case. They offer excellent audio quality and a very good active noise cancellation. In addition, taking into account the load case, they offer a Autonomy of up to 26 hours With active noise cancellation, a figure that is not bad. * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | PowerPlanet, Samsung, Xiaomi, 8bitdo In Xataka | The best mobiles (2025), we have tried them and here are their analysis In Xataka | Best wireless headphones. Which to buy and 21 models from 15 euros to 470 euros

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