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Patients lead to the operating room photos of their “improved” with AI. Surgeons are in charge of making them come true

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A year ago, an unpublished contest copied The covers of different media: Miss Ia. As one can intuit, the models were created with artificial intelligence and presented impossible bodies: without wrinkles, without pores, without history … the event, promoted by the platform Fanvue World AI Creator AwardsNo only generated a flood of comments, but opened a deep debate: are we willing to accept something of beauty as an ideal that does not even exist? And something further, does the real body begin to be seen as a defective version of the digital render? Unreal expectations. According to The Columbus Dispatchplastic surgeons such as Dr. Jaclyn Tomsic and Dr. Craig Lehrman are observing a worrying phenomenon in their consultations: patients who come with images generated by AI, asking for impossible interventions. “With AI you can make your body as you want,” explained Tomsic, maxillofacial surgeon in Cleveland. For his part, Lehrman, a plastic surgeon at the Wexner Medical Center of the Ohio State University, has reported cases of older patients who carry photos of edited celebrities. “They tell me: ‘Why don’t I look like this?’ Both doctors have recognized that they have had to dedicate more and more time to explain why they cannot replicate what IA promises: biology, bone structure or age cannot be erased with scalpel. Beyond. The expectations created by filters, apps and image generators They are generating Frustration and danger: some people insist on operating again and again, chasing a non -existent ideal. In addition, they have warned of a psychological risk: people who fail to resemble these artificial images can become obsessed, resort to multiple surgeries and face constant frustration. Lehrman has summarized it as follows: “That will take many unhappy people and pursue this imaginary dream.” In fact, this phenomenon goes beyond the surgical: it affects the way we interact with our own image. It is increasingly common for people to ask AI that value their physical appearance Or tell them what to improve on your face. The point is not what the AI ​​can respond, but the fact that your judgment has so much weight on how we can perceive. Fiction made leather. Before, manipulating an image required technical knowledge or tricks of light and makeup. Today, with a free app, anyone can be seen as a supermodel in seconds. The AI ​​not only retouches, but has led it to another level: it can generate faces from scratch. According to Lehrmanthis makes it “increasingly difficult to distinguish the real from the invented.” Given this threat, the American Society of Plastic Surgeons has created a gallery with real photos before and after procedures to combat misinformation. But the battle is unequal: millions of false, stylized and standardized images are generated every day. The Aitana case. This logic is reflected in phenomena such as Aitana LópezSpanish influencer with more than 350 thousand followers on Instagram that does not really exist. In other words, it is a 100% model generated with AI. Its creators They have admitted They sought to create an influencer that “never gets tired, never ages, always smile.” With his success, he has not only obtained real advertising contracts; It has also imposed a new quite problematic aesthetic standard because there are no human limitations. Advances and dilemmas. The “artificial intelligence in plastic surgery: where do we stand?” has reviewed 96 Studies on the use of AI in plastic surgery. Although it has proven useful in diagnoses of dermatological diseases, surgical planning and even prediction of postoperative complications. However, the conclusions have also warned about ethical risks, lack of regulation and algorithmic biases. One of the key problems is that AI models are trained with limited populations data, which can generate racist, class or capacitist results. The bias behind the AI. The algorithms are trained with millions of images that reinforce Eurocentric, thin, cis and young people. As has warned Kenig et al. Quoted in the study, AI can exacerbate inequalities by replicating stereotypes invisible other bodies. This concern has also been pointed out by critical voices within the technological field. For example, author Ruha Benjamin holds that “Algorithmic discrimination does not need hate to function; You only need data from the past ”, in his book Race AFter Technology. For his part, Safiya Noble, in Algorithms of Oppression, has detailed How commercial and racist logic are embedded in search engines and recommendation systems. Technology, far from democratizing beauty, seems to strengthen it even more. The definition of beauty is not so much. As Bell Hooks said: “Representation matters.” However, if now the AI, trained with exclusion patterns, decides what faces we see, what bodies are shown, and which do not, then we are not only attending an aesthetic change, but to a deep reconfiguration of what we consider desirable, possible and human. The issue is not asking: “What is beautiful?”, But what are we willing to obey? Image | Freepik, Xataka Xataka | The cosmetics industry has found a new market: the problem is that they are girls under 10 years

Intel and TSMC lead the revolution of photonic chips. His problem is that China has just done fully in this war

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Douglas Yu, a TSMC executive, The biggest chips manufacturer on the planetwith responsibility in the field of systems integration Explain clearly The disruptive capacity of integrated photonic circuits: “If we manage to implement a good system of integration of silicon’s photonics We will trigger a new paradigm. We will probably be placed at the beginning of a new era. “ The photonic silicon seeks to develop the technology of this chemical element to optimize the transformation of electrical signals into light pulses. The most obvious field of application of this innovation is the implementation of high performance links that, on paper, can be used both to solve communications between several chips and to optimize the transfer of information between several machines. Advanced packaging technologies with which the main semiconductor manufacturers work, such as TSMC, Intel or Samsung, can benefit a lot from a communication mechanism between very high performance chips. And the large data centers in which it is necessary to connect a large number of machines, too. However, there is a particular discipline to which it would be wonderful about the advantages proposed by the photonic silicon: the artificial intelligence (AI). China plans to use this technology in AI, 6G communications and quantum computers Intel and TSMC are some of the companies that have been working on the development of their technologies linked to the photonic silicon, and, as we can intuit, this innovation is no stranger to Chinese companies and research centers. In fact, in mid -May 2024 the Institute of Information Technology and Microsystems of Shanghai (China) in collaboration with the Lausanian Institute of Technology (Switzerland) reached a crucial milestone. Until that time one of the fundamental ingredients of the integrated photonic circuits was the lithium niobate. The lithium tantalate allows the manufacture of large -scale photonic chips and with much lower costs This synthetic salt intervenes in the manufacture of these integrated circuits because its physicochemical properties allow it to optimize the conversion of electricity into light, but it has a problem: the industrial exploitation of this technology is conditioned by The high cost that each wafer hasand also for the size of each of them. What these scientists have achieved is to replace the lithium niobate with other semiconductor material whose properties are even more attractive: the lithium tantalate (litao3). Ou Xin, one of the scientists who have led this project, assures That in addition to paying better than the lithium niobate, the lithium tantaloate allows the manufacture of large -scale photonic circuit and with much lower costs. This is because the manufacturing processes are similar to those currently used to produce conventional silicon semiconductors. This is the context in which, according to SCMPthe chips center for integrated photonics Xplore (Chipx) of the Jiao Tong University of Shanghai has announced that it has started the production of 6 -inch wafers for photonic chips. Interestingly, this production line Use Lithium Niobateso it still has a room to advance and take advantage of the properties of the lithium tantalate. Be as Professor Jin Xianmin, the director of CHIPX, says that the photonic integrated circuits have a huge potential not only in the training and inference of AI models, the classical supercomputing and Quantum computersbut also in the development of communications 6g. Image | TSMC More information | SCMP In Xataka | Today China and the US have parked their differences for a good reason: they will analyze together the risks of AI

Japan’s commitment to lead the chips industry is held on these three companies

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For Japan, as for South Korea, Taiwan, China or the US, the semiconductor industry has a strategic character not only because of the deep beneficial impact it has on its economy, but also by the impulse that gives its technological capacity. This is the context in which the Japanese government announced in the middle of last November A public plan that will injected into companies that are dedicated to the design and manufacture of chips no less than 325,000 million dollars within ten years. In addition, it prepares additional 65,000 million that seek to support the activity of local companies. There is no doubt that it is a very strong and more ambitious bet even than those designed by the US, China or Europe. Only South Korea prepare an economic investment of a similar size. The first reactions of Japanese companies have not been waiting. “We are working with our clients to develop technologies that teach four generations in the future.” These words of Nobuto DoiVice President of Tokyo Electron, are a declaration of intentions. However, before moving forward in this article it is important that we briefly review where Japan comes from. At the end of the 80s this Asian country dominated the global industry of the integrated circuits with an indisputable forcefulness. Nec, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Matsushita and other Japanese companies They monopolized in 1988 Nothing less than 50% of the chips industry. However, today none of these companies is positioned among the leaders of a sector dominated with iron fist by Taiwanese, American, Chinese, South Korean and German companies. Tokyo Electron: Japanese Asml This company is one of The pillars of the Japanese industry of integrated circuits. It is dedicated to the design and manufacture of lithography and waking -up equipment, so its machines often live together in the TSMC, Intel, Samsung, Micron Technology or SK Hynix plants, among other companies, with the teams of the Dutch company ASML or the American Apply materials. Its importance for Japan is such that it is currently one of the Japanese companies that are being backed by subsidies approved by the Japanese government. The new Tokyo Electron plant in Oshu will be intended for the manufacture of advanced team deposition equipment and logistics In fact, it is building several buildings in the prefecture of Miyagi that will presumably be completed in 2025. The most ambitious project that will address in these facilities will consist of the design and manufacture of some some WAFSMA TEACHING BY PLASMA Very advanced. They are precisely the machines that Nobuto Doi speaks in the statement that I have included in the second paragraph of this article. These equipment are involved in the definition of the pattern that will later be transferred to the wafer. The Japanese company Hitachi also has plasma wafering engraving machines, but the singing voice in this particular market has tokyo electron. Apparently the engineers of this last company are working side by side with their clients to develop solutions that, according to doi, four generations ahead will be positioned. However, its plan goes beyond the facilities of the Prefecture of Miyagi. And it is that Tokyo Electron is also building a new plant in Oshu, in the prefecture of Iwate, which will be intended for the manufacture of advanced wafering deposition equipment and logistics. We can be sure: Tokyo Electron is the Japanese Asml. Without it, the ambitious plan pergeted by the Japanese government for its semiconductor industry would not be viable. Rapidus Corporation: The spearhead of Japan The company that is destined to compete from you to you with TSMC, Intel or Samsung in the chip production market is Rapidus corporation. In fact, it has been expressly created to replace Japan at the forefront of integrated circuits. This is a very young company. It was founded on August 10, 2022 by the Japanese government with an initial capital of 7,346 million yen (just under 46 million euros) contributed by, and here comes the interesting, Sony, Toyota, Nec, Softbank, Kioxia, Denso, Nippon Telegraph and Mufg Bank. The initial capital invested in the constitution of this company is not very bulky, but there is no doubt that the companies that participate in it have an indisputable relevance in the sectors of technology, automotive and telecommunications. Rapidus is currently putting a circuit manufacturing plant integrated in northern Japan, in the city of Chitose (Hokkaido), in which it plans to produce 2 Nm semiconductor. The first prototypes of these chips are already readybut large -scale manufacturing will not arrive at best until 2027. Rapidus is making a chip manufacturing plant in northern Japan in which it plans to produce 2 Nm semiconductors What is causing the new Rapidus factory to monopolize the looks of the semiconductor sector is that, according to Atsuyoshi Koike, which is the president of the company, it will be completely automated. Its purpose is to resort to robots and artificial intelligence (AI) to tune an automated production line that will be specialized in the manufacture of 2 nm chips for AI applications. Its plan consists, in short, to produce integrated circuits faster, with a lower and more quality cost. To manufacture these semiconductors, equipment of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) produced by the Dutch company ASML, and practically all manufacturing processes are automatic. However, the tests of test and validation, interconnection and packaging of the chips are still largely carried out manually in most manufacturing plants. According to Rapidus, its automation technology of all these processes will allow you to reduce the delivery time of your chips by 66% compared to the times they usually offer TSMC and Samsung. JSR Corporation: The photor resistance monopoly is in his hands There is a Japanese company that is indisputably leader in its specialty. It is little known outside the scope of the semiconductors, and yet it is one of the bastions of Japan. Is called JSR Corporation and specialized in the production of photorers. The photolithography equipment designing and produces ASML … Read more

has detected the transformation of lead into gold

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Isaac Newton has gone down in history One of the most talented physicists and mathematicians that have existed. In fact, for many scholars it is The most relevant scientist who has existedand it is a very respectable statement if we ponder their contributions to science and the modest means that were available to the end of the 17th century. However, Newton did not dedicate his life only to physics, mathematics or theology; He also consecrated to the study of alchemy. The Royal Spanish Academy defines it in its first meaning as “the set of speculation and experiences, generally of a esoteric nature, related to the transmutations of the subject, which influenced the origin of chemistry.” The second meaning is also a bit disturbing: “wonderful and incredible transmutation.” Alchemy as Isaac Newton and other explorers saw it, for identifying them in some way, does not have a scientific support. However, serious science has identified mechanisms that explain under what circumstances a chemical element can be transformed into another. Newton would have loved to participate in this CERN experiment The stars are The authentic chemical elements factories of the universe. Inside the reactions of nuclear fusion They trigger the production of the chemical elements that we can find in the periodic table until reaching iron. From the latter it is not possible Extremely energy cosmic events. As it is, nature has taught us that there are mechanisms capable of carrying out the transmutation with which the ancient alchemists dreamed. In fact, Radioactivity It is one of these phenomena. We can define it as the process of natural origin that explains how an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy in the attempt to achieve a more stable state. And to achieve this emits radiation. A stable atom is “comfortable” with its current structure and does not need to do anything, but an unstable precise detach from a part of its energy to achieve a state of less energy and greater stability. On the way to a completely stable configuration, it will continue to detach itself from a part of its energy and will be transformed into other chemical elements. Despite its mass each lead core travels inside the LHC to 99,99993% of the light of light Since nuclear physics arose at one time halfway between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century scientists have achieved transform some chemical elements into others In his laboratories. CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) has done it recently. And he has succeeded causing the frontal collision of lead nuclei in its main particle accelerator, the LHC (large hadron collider). When these nuclei collide with a very high energy there is a plasma of quarks and gluones, which is nothing other than a state of extremely dense and hot matter. Each lead core has a considerable mass because it contains a large number of nucleons: 82 protons and 126 neutrons If we stick to the isotope of this most abundant and stable chemical element. Despite their mass each of them travels inside the LHC to 99,99993% of the speed of light, which triggers the production of a photon pulse. Under these conditions, the most interesting thing is that a process known as electromagnetic dissociation takes place. It consists of when a photon interacts with a lead core has the ability to trigger oscillations of its internal structure that can cause the expulsion of a small amount of neutrons and protons. A golden core contains 79 protons, so the expulsion of 3 protons from a lead core causes it to become gold. The physicists of the Alice of CERN experiment have observed, in addition to the conversion of lead to gold, Talium and Mercury production in these experimentation conditions. It is exciting that the human being has been able to design and build the machines that are necessary to carry out an experiment like this. Image | Cern More information | Physical Review c In Xataka | CERN has achieved something unprecedented: transform smartphones sensors into an antimatter chamber

Xiaomi also has a folding mobile with which he intends to lead this sector. Now you can buy it reduced

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Although the first brand that comes to mind when we think of a folding mobile is Samsung, there are other firms that also have models of this type. One of them is Xiaomi and his Xiaomi Mix Flipa mobile that once cost 1,299.99 euros but, now, you can take it (in its official store) for 699.99 euros. Xiaomi Mix Flip – 12+512GB smartphone * Some price may have changed from the last review A folding mobile with a good design As we have said, the Xiaomi Mix Flip It is the great bet of the Chinese manufacturer in the folding sector. If there is something for which it stands out, in front of other similar models, it is because it is light, since it only weighs 190 grams. Its main screen is type OLED LTPO with a 6.86 inch diagonalSy reaches 3,000 maximum brightness nits. As for its outer screen (the one you will see with the closed mobile), it has a size of 4.01 inches and offers a resolution of 912 x 1,224 pixels. Another of the notable things of this Xiaomi terminal is that it is one of the few folding mobiles that exist in the market in which the center hinge does not notice the touch. As for its battery, it admits 67 W Hypercharge Fast Cob. The photographic system signs it and is formed by a Triple 50+50+32 MP cameraso good photos are assured. Mount a 16 GB RAM and comes with 512 GB of storage and works under the operating system Hyperos. Finally, as far as connectivity is concerned, it has Wifi 7, 5G and brings a USB-C port. Some accessories to protect this mobile Kusinhoka founded for Xiaomi Mix Flip * Some price may have changed from the last review Giopuey Temperate Crystal compatible with Xiaomi Mix Flip, 2 screen protector and 2 pieces chamber lens * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Ricardo Aguilar (Xataka) and Xiaomi In Xataka | Best folding mobiles. Which to buy in Spain and recommended models In Xataka | The best price quality price. Your analysis and videos are here

We lead all my life by measuring battery capacity in mobiles. Mah’s war makes no sense

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How many more mah, better. We have been thinking about the specifications of a phone and, to a large extent, is something true. A greater capacity battery is usually a more capable battery with respect to a smaller. Despite this, there is a somewhat more complex unit of measure, but even more precise, traditionally used in the technical sheet of computers: Los watts-Hora (WHE). This is the most precise way to determine how long we can use our device, without leaving the capacity to your fate. We are going to explain, without delving too much into technicalities so as not to complicate your life, why we have been imprecisely measuring the battery capacity of our mobiles. Why do we measure in mah. The commercial standard for the phones battery is the Miliamperio Hora, a very useful measure for small devices with constant voltages. In addition, it is much more striking to indicate closed figures, such as 5,000mAh, than to tell that your mobile has a 19.4 Wh. However, its two main problems are, in the first place, when there is a voltage variation (you will soon understand why) this measure ceases to make sense. Although MAH is easy to understand, it does not provide an exact estimate of available energy, which can lead to incorrectly assume how long the battery will last in specific situations of use. Water measurement time. The watts -hora (WH) are the most precise unit to measure battery capacity, since they reflect the amount of energy available depending on voltage and current. He watt (w) It is the power unit, which indicates how much energy is consumed per unit of time. It is more useful to know how the battery will be used during the daily use of your mobile. The battery voltage is not constant: it is varying as its percentage of load and useful life changes. A battery, At the end of your useful lifeIt does not provide the same voltage as when it is new. In fact, if you have a modern car or motorcycle, you surely have access to real time voltage and you will see how you change as you use the vehicle. The mobile battery is lowercase compared to these, but also suffers small voltage variations. The ease of calculation. Even if the voltage was constant, the watts time would be an ideal measure. For example, if your mobile phone had a 5,000mAh battery and a typical voltage (the most common in phones) of about 3.85V, that battery would translate into 19.25 WH (capacity (MAH X Voltage / 1,000). Knowing the data, it would be enough to know the consumption in watts to deduce almost exactly how much the battery would last. In a concrete situation, as a very demanding game that leads to consume 6W constantly the division would be easy: 19.25 wh/6W = 3.2h. A data that stables: about three hours of screen with the mobile spending all rag This is why in segments such as computers, where consumption is crucial and marketing (something) less important, WHH is established as a standard to measure battery capacity. Image | Apple In Xataka | A battery that is not wearing after 850 cycles. This group of researchers has made it possible

Every time you think about everything the Romans managed to do, remember that they did it intoxicated with lead

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Who will not like the Roman Empire? A little over a year ago, thousands of women from all over Spain asked their boyfriends, friends or husbands to How much they thought of the Roman Empire. And, at least according to the meme, the answer was: a lot. What we just discovered hidden in Arctic ice is that, in short, we think too little: the Roman Empire He raised one of the civilizational works more impressive in the history of humanity and did it with absolutely demential atmospheric levels. Lead that they themselves had launched to the atmosphere. Lead, lead everywhere. Examining lead in three Arctic Ice Cores 2,000 years ago, a team of deserting institute researchers They have been able to calculate The level of environmental pollution in Europe between 500 before Christ and 600 after Christ. The data is, to put it in a gentle and restrained way, terrifying. As They publish in Proceedings of the National Academy of ScienceAfter examining the lead isotopes stored on that ice, researchers could create a map of pollution by this metal throughout Europe. Not only that: they estimated their magnitude, the blood lead levels of the inhabitants and even discovered what had caused that enormous pollution. A guilty with name and surname. According to data, silver is at the origin of this problem. Or, rather, the Mining of La Plata. In general and for centuries, the miners melled tons of galena To extract silver. It is estimated that by each ounce of useful silver thousands of ounces of lead to the environment were released. To put it in numbers: “During the 200 years of apogee of the Roman Empire, more than 500 kilotons of lead to the atmosphere were released.” This, always according to the records of the ice centers, is 40 times greater than during the large environmental lead peak of the 70s (after which we began to withdraw it from gasoline, paintings and the rest of the products). And that, of course, there were consequences. We already know that lead is bad for health. Very bad. And not only because of infertility, illness or violence problems: I talk about neurological problems that translate into a considerable decrease in cognitive abilities and concentration. In practical terms, According to DRI researcherslead levels in Roman times had to decrease between 2 and 3 points of intellectual coefficient in the general population. “It does not seem much, but when it applies to practically the entire European population, it is a big problem,” Nathan Chellman explainedCo -author of the study. A problem that, seen in perspective, only increases the myth of the Roman Empire. Image | Joseph McConnell | Ilona Frey In Xataka | The Google Maps of the Roman Empire: the map that allows you to plan a route at that time

Europe wants to lead chips research of less than 2 nm. ASML is the cornerstone of your plan

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None of The main semiconductor manufacturers The planet is European. TSMC, the company that leads this industry, is from Taiwan. Samsung and Sk Hynix are South Korean. Intel and Micron Technology are Americans. AND SMIC is China. This panorama invites us to accept that Europe has lost the train of the production of integrated circuits, but, in reality, it is not so. At least not at all. And it is that the old continent has ASMLthe Dutch company that leads the design and manufacture of photolithography equipment that is necessary to produce avant -garde semiconductors. And it also has IMEC, an integrated circuit research center founded in 1984 and housed in Leuven (Belgium). It is the most experienced laboratory in the tuning of new integration technologies that we have in Europe. IMEC and ASML work side by side to go beyond the 2 nm Europe does not have the expertise of the US, China, Japan or South Korea when it comes to the industry that develops in its laboratories. In what remains a global power is in border investigation. If we look beyond the semiconductors and look, for example, in Quantum computerswe will verify that the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics housed in Garching (Germany) and the Quantum Computing Center of Delft (Netherlands) are two leading institutions in the research in quantum computing. Europe seeks to develop the necessary integration technologies to produce semiconductors beyond the 2 Nm barrier IMEC has that same prestige, but in the field of innovation in integrated circuits. This is the reason why in May 2024 The European Union decided deliver a subsidy 2.5 billion euros To put a pilot line that will allow the manufacture of avant -garde semiconductors. This subsidy will be part of the ‘Chips Act’ program and has a very specific purpose: to develop integration technologies that are necessary to produce semiconductors Beyond the 2 Nm barrier. This is, in short, the European plan. And it is that IMEC intends to put its technology in the hands of European companies that are dedicated to automotive, telecommunications or the manufacture of medical devices, among other sectors. Diversification can play in your favor because it will contribute to developing the European technological ecosystem on a large scale. However, this research center is not addressing this project alone; He is working side by side with ASML. In fact, this company of the Netherlands has a crucial role in this plan. And he has it because he will deliver to IMEC the photolithography teams that his researchers need to bring to fruition the production of integrated circuits of less than 2 nm. ASML will install in this laboratory even your machine extreme ultraviolet (UVE) and haute openingwhich is the most advanced semiconductor production team it currently has. In fact, the technology of this machine is the only one that is capable of take us beyond the 2 nm. One more note to conclude: the collaboration of IMEC and ASML also seeks to develop integration technologies for DRAM chips, the Fotonic silicon and advanced packaging techniques of integrated circuits. Image | IMEC More information | IMEC In Xataka | China prepares the mate to the US: it will have its own UVE lithography team to make chips in 2025

China prepares to lead the manufacture of chips for advanced weapons

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China monopolizes gallium production. In fact, Up to 2022 monopolized 98% of the world gross Gallic, and this figure presumably has barely varied since then. For the country led by Xi Jinping This metal has a strategic value comparable to the one for the US due to its potential in military applications. And, in addition, Gallium export control allows China to respond to the sanctions to which the US and their allies are subjecting this Asian country in the scope of the semiconductor industry. Gallium is a very special metal. Its physicochemical properties make it suitable to be combined with other metals with the purpose of manufacturing a special type of integrated circuits called broadband semiconductors. These chips have three properties that make them very valuable to intervene in the manufacture of Advanced military teams: They support voltages, temperatures and frequencies higher than integrated conventional silicon circuits. During the 70s the US Advanced Defense Research Projects (Darpa) He dedicated many resources to the development of semiconductors in which Gallium was involved due to the potential he had in military technology projects. He Gallium Arseniuro (GAAS) played a fundamental role in the development of the global positioning system (GPS), and also in Radark tuning and precision weapons. China has taken a very important step forward Currently, Gallium Nitruro (GAN), which also has Darpa’s backing, is being used to make state -of -the -art radars that are capable of accurately identifying smaller, fast and numerous objects at more distance. Each of these radars incorporates several thousand chips in which the gallium intervenes. Everything we have just seen invites us to reach an obvious conclusion: Gallium is an essential metal for the US. But this country is not the only military superpower on the planet. The Chinese army and research institutions have been working with Gaul for many years and developing technologies that allow you to use it Third generation advanced semiconductors. As we have seen, China has Gallium in abundance, but producing integrated circuits with this metal is not easy. Neither for the country led by Xi Jinping nor for which Donald Trump is currently governing. Modifying electrons energy levels, it is possible to accurately control climbing and reduce defects To manufacture gallium nitruro, silicon and sapphire substrates are often used, but the effectiveness of the processes used so far was moderate because the hexagonal atomic structure of the GAN causes the appearance of a defect known as climbing. In broad strokes this curious phenomenon triggers the displacement of groups of atoms in a certain region of the crystal, which affects its structure and reduces its properties. In fact, GAN manufacturing defects cause electric leaks, reduce their thermal stability and reduce the performance of semiconductors. Until now the researchers who work with GAN had difficulty understanding why these defects appear in the crystalline structure of this material. And also to deal with them. But the team of scientists led by Professor Huang Bing at the University of Beijing (China) has identified the cause which triggers the production of defects during the growth of the Gan Crystals. What these scientists have discovered is that modifying the energy levels of electrons it is possible to accurately control the climbing and reduce defects. “Traditional strategies to avoid defects include the use of different substrates and the adjustment of crystallization temperatures, but these approaches only address symptoms, not the cause,” Professor Huang Bing explained. If China manages to get this research from the laboratory and bring to production chains this technology will have the ability to manufacture cheapest GAN -GAN semiconductors, of more quality and a much larger scale. And at this juncture it will not be unreasonable to anticipate that it will be done with the leadership of the application of 3rd generation semiconductors in the military field and 5G technologies. Image | TSMC More information | SCMP In Xataka | This semiconductor is spectacular. So much so that for the MIT is its nº 1 candidate to replace the silicon

Catalonia is determined to lead the conversion and sale of the electric car. His great objective is called Madrid

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It is fulfilled a month since aids to MOVES III PLAN For the purchase of electric cars they fall. Silence since then. From experience with what lived in other countries, the electric car needs Purchase aids If you want to gain ground. An ambitious, stable and lasting aid program is the one that has achieved that almost all of the cars sold In Norway, they are electric. On the opposite side, Germany has seen how Their sales collapsed After withdrawing the aid forced. Taking into account that Spain was costing to take off in sales, we run the risk of unplugged with this technology And take a step back in the penetration of this technology just now that brands begin to propose vehicles at more affordable prices, with options of between 20,000 and 30,000 euros. In the middle of all this context, the Generalitat de Catalunya has presented a project to reimprorate sales of this type of technology, which also depends on its own automobile industry. A plan that revolves around the electric car Last January 2025, plug and electrical hybrids added 11,358 units in Spain. Of these, 4,571 units were recorded in Madrid. It accounted for 40.24% of sales throughout Spain. The figure is far from any other that can shade. Catalonia is the Second most populous autonomous community From Spain and takes more than one million inhabitants to the Community of Madrid. Barcelona It is also the second largest city in Spain, only behind the capital. Despite this, in January they only enrolled 1,624 cars classified as plug or electrical hybrids. 14.30% of the total sales of the territory. Given this perspective, the Government of the Generalitat has presented a plan to reimpulse the sale of this type of technology. The project, as we said a few days ago, has a transverse perspective because also Electrify the motorcycle fleet. The final intention is to make the electric car industry the stone on which the future of the automobile market turns. To achieve this you want to attack points that are considered keys: Multiply by five the recharge points network available in the next five years. Loans for self -employed and companies electrifying their fleets. Electrify 90% of the fleet used by the Catalan administration. The intention is to dedicate 150 million euros to sow the Catalan land of electric plugs. You want to move from the current 9,000 load points to a total of 45,000 plugs available. As for loans, a credit line of 400 million euros will be established to facilitate access to this type of technology and try to eliminate the barrier from the equation price. During the announcement of the Project, the Generalitat Catalan emphasized the importance of maintaining the good health of an industry that in the region generates 35,000 people occupied in 10,300 companies. By turnover, automotive represents the third sector of Catalonia. Photo | SEAT In Xataka | The electric car is sweeping so much in China that the natural step is already raised: stop calling it “electric”

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