Iran

Not even the greatest US attack has achieved its goal in Iran. Nobody knows where is the great unknown of 400 kg

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After the first hours, and with them the Trump statements That the Iranian nuclear program had been “complete and totally annihilated”, senior US officials have recognized that, in reality, they do not know where the most sensitive Iranian element is, an unknown of 400 kilograms of reserve. A latent bomb. After the overwhelming offensive American Aeria on the main Nuclear facilities From Iran (Fordow, Natanz and Isfahán), the attention of intelligence agencies does not focus solely on craters, but on an invisible but crucial element: the, a priori, just over 400 kg of enriched uranium at 60%, very close to the military threshold, whose whereabouts remains uncertain. As we said, despite the Trump’s proclamations On Iranian nuclear capabilities, experts and officials recognize that the true unknown is whether the material was destroyed, transferred (they have had plenty of time since the conflict broke out) or disseminated in clandestine facilities. The difference between a neutralized nuclear and latent program It depends on the destination of that vital stock. The Shadow of Fordow. He counted In the Financial Times The former American official Richard Nephew, that the destruction of the visible facilities It might not have affected the most sensitive material, stored in dust Inside metal cylinders in deeply excavated tunnels. Fordowbeing hidden under a mountain, would have offered limited but not zero protection. However, there is a growing suspicion that they will move their uranium Before bombingwhich would represent an early strategic play. An informant of the Iranian regime declared that it would have been “very naive” to leave uranium in the attacked sites, and assured that the material It is still intact. Moreover, figures such as the director of the OIEA, Rafael Grossi, They take for granted After reviewing satellite images and logistic movements records near underground tunnels in Fordow, which Iran could have evacuated uranium days before of attacks. Silent withdrawal. Explained The New York Times that those evidence suggest that they will go displaced part of the uranium From Isfahán, its main storage center, towards still unknown sites. Although the centrifuging (key pieces of the enrichment process) could not be evacuated due to their size and complexity, the stored fuel would have been mobile enough as to be extracted in discrete vehicles. Satellite images showed At least 16 trucks Near the accesses to Fordow days before the attack, which reinforces the theory of a preventive evacuation. Natanz’s installation, on the other hand, It was devastated by Israel, which disabled the superficial enrichment center and caused a blackout that probably destroyed the centrifugators. However, Iran had already begun the construction of a deeper underground installation to the south of the city, although it ensures that it still It is not operational. Between deterrence and clandestine activity. Although Iran insists that his program It has civil endsthe partial destruction of its infrastructure and the selective murder of at least eleven nuclear scientists have fed voices within the regime they suggest Check the doctrine nuclear. International analysts fear that the coup catalogs a turn towards hidingwith the installation of new advanced centrifugers and the restart of activities in unstalled facilities. To the big question about those 408 kg of 60%uranium, Iran could in a matter of days refine it until reaching the necessary purity For nuclear weapons (90%) if you have the necessary technical team, although the miniaturization and assembly process would still take months or even a year. Precedents The cases of India, Pakistan and North Korea show that, even under international surveillance, it is possible to build a hidden nuclear capacity. Sima Shine, Mossad’s intelligence formerist, He affirmed in FT Being convinced that Iran has already relocated both their enriched uranium and part of their technical infrastructure, which would allow a quick reload if the political decision is made. In other words: despite the military coup, political will, scientific knowledge and industrial experience remain intact. Collapse of international control. We have counted before. The inspections of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are They have suspended Due to Israeli attacks, which has left a critical void in the verification of the Iranian program. Even before the offensive, Iranian cooperation with the agency had drastically decreasedand Tehran had already secretly built a third unstalled enrichment installation. Israel managed to damage Natanz and Isfahán, but acknowledged that he had no capacity to destroy Fordow without the help of the United States, which contributed His antibunker artillery more powerful inside its B-2. The big doubt. Thus, nobody knows exactly if we are facing an end point or A phase change. The emerging consensus between analysts is that the Iranian nuclear program has not been destroyed, but Your known form. If you survive, It will be transformed: either in a clandestine program aimed at obtaining weapons, or (in case of successful negotiations) in a purely civil version, devoid of the complete fuel cycle. Advisor Ali Shamkhani summed up with coldness: “Although the facilities are destroyed, the game is not over.” The capacities, material and determination are still there. Hence, the real outcome may not depend on visible craters, but on the dust stored in Some hidden place of the Iranian subsoil. And until you know where that uranium is, the “unknown” has only become more difficult to track. Image | Maxar In Xataka | For 125 airplanes and 14 bombs to reach Iran, the US used one of the oldest tactics of war: perfidy In Xataka | Russia recalled a threat that appears in the war between Iran and Israel: the possibility of a nuclear disaster

In order for 125 airplanes and 14 bombs to arrive in Iran, the US used one of the oldest tactics of war: perfidy

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The baptized as Hammer operationhe greater furtive attack From the United States against several of Iran’s critical facilities, it was based on a highly sophisticated tactical architecture, one where, above any other trick, the key was the total surprise. To do this, the United States began with one of the most tactics old and effective of war. It all started 48 hours before the offensive, when Trump It gave two weeks To “avoid” the attack. Perfidy. Those two weeks They never existed in the head of the United States, and Israel knew and few more actors. In fact, most European allies were trying to Find a dialogue A few hours before knowing the operation that was underway. From the diplomatic and ethical point of view, Washington was carrying out a form of political perfidysince Iran was participating in conversations that the United States used for the secret offensive. The maneuver also followed a strategy of classical military deception, a series of lures and public messages that, as we will see, avoided any suspicion while secretly prepared one of the most brutal offensives that are remembered in the history of modern wars. The hammer operation. The aerial offensive launched by the United States against the main nuclear sites of Iran represents not only the greatest operational use in the history of the BB-2 Spirit bomberbut also a unprecedented sample of tactical coordination, strategic deception and technological capacity accumulated throughout years of preparation. The attack included use for the first time in combat of the GBU-57/B antibunker pump Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), of 13,600 kilograms, specifically designed to destroy deeply buried and protected facilities Like Fordow. In total, 14 of these bombs were thrown on Fordow and Natanz, while more than two dozen Tomahawk cruise missiles They hit In Isfahánthrown from a submarine Ohio class nuclear positioned in the area of ​​operations of the US central command. The art of deception. It all started on Saturday morning, when flight observers They detected several bombers furtive B-2 Spirit taking off from the Whiteman Air Base, in Misuri, and heading Towards the Pacificwhich seemed to indicate a display towards Guam or missions related to Asia. However, this movement was a decoy: the true bombers in charge of the attack departed shortly after In the opposite directioneast, in mode completely stealthycrossing huge distances without being detected until you reach the Iranian airspace. Fordow after air attacks, seen in a satellite view of the underground complex, on June 22, 2025 The surprise. As we said, the key to operational success was the Deliberate deception: both the visible deployment towards the Pacific and Trump’s statements in the previous days, where he claimed that he would take up to two weeks to evaluate a possible intervention, created the false perception that there was still diplomatic margin. In fact, on Saturday morning, senior officials indicated that it had not been issued No order of attack, reinforcing that illusion. Then, on the afternoon of that same day, from his private club in New Jersey, Trump gave the final order. According to A senior official From the administration, the objective was precisely “to create a situation in which no one would expect.” A graph with details about the hammer operation that the Pentagon published in the last informative session The B2. The main actors were those seven bombers that left in stealth to the east from Misuri. Throughout a 18 -hour flight, with multiple repayings in the air, a profile of minimum communication. Synchronization with escorts, fourth and fifth generation fighters, intelligence aircraft, electronic warfare and air replacement It was millimeter: The fighters released preventive fire to neutralize Iranian air defense threats before the bombers cross the enemy airspace, without detecting hostile activity. The full air package exceeded 125 aircraftincluding platforms such as F-35, F-22, EA-18G Growler and possibly not revealed active. A view of the Iranian nuclear installation in Isfahán on June 22, 2025, after the attacks of the hammer operation Objectives achieved. Between 6:40 and 7:05 pm Washington time (2:10 to 2:35 am in Iran), all nuclear objectives FThey were shocked. The bombings on Fordow, Natanz and Isfahán used 75 precision weapons guided and achieved what the Pentagon described as “severe destruction” of infrastructure. The first satellite images Disseminated by Maxar Technologies showed craters of more than five meters, layers of bluish ash and tunnel entries blocked by landslides. Although Iran did not fire a single antialea defense or deployed fighters, the blow was deep and difficult to reverse in the short term, particularly in Fordow, buried under a mountain and considered so far impenetrable. Hidden cooperation. As we indicated, if someone knew what the United States had in hand, It was Israel. Before the attack, the United States shared with Israel a Systems list of air defense that wanted to neutralize, and the previous Israeli campaign facilitated the opening of the air corridor for the B-2. Coordination included the shared use of intelligence and operational synchronization (in that sense, The F-35 Israeliswith their ability to collect data, they played a key role in the collection of information on Iranian defenses). During the previous weeks, they were made Large -scale exercises that simulated similar missions, and They invested years in the development of technical capacities to integrate armament, sensors, furtive platforms and unified command in a single operating flow. Operation closed? It is one of the great unknowns. Despite the magnitude of the attack, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth emphasized that the operation does not mark the start of an open campaign, but A punctual action With a clear objective: neutralize Iranian nuclear capacity. Even so, he acknowledged that US forces remain on maximum alert to possible reprisals. In His words“This was not an attempt to change regime; it was a precise operation to defend our national interests and those of our allies.” For now, Iran has limited its responses to new attacks on Israel, but senior Iranian officials already They have declared your right to respond directly against … Read more

The US has started evaluating the risks that runs if you attack Iran. What worries you most is a fearsome bomb: yours

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While the United States, in Trump’s figure, leafless the Margarita on a possible intervention American military against Iran, several scenarios open, all uncertain, and a technical, strategic and symbolic obstacle: the difficulty of destroying The ForDow Uranium Enrichment Center, a underground installation excavated deep in a mountain. In fact and, as we will see, Washington’s main concern at this time is a bomb … yours. Weigh the risks. He Financial Times and the Washington Post have published two reports on that moment of Impasse that is lived in the administration. While Trump holds intense meetings in the White House crisis room to decide if the United States joins the Israeli offensive against Iran, US intelligence and defense services draw an exhaustive map of possible reprisals that Tehran could trigger. Among the explicit warnings of the Iranian supreme leader, Ali Jamenei (who has threatened to cause “irreparable damage” if Washington intervenes), and the strategic memory of previous cycles Of climbing, the White House faces a decision that could mark the turning point In the conflict. Iranian response options cover A broad spectrum: Direct attacks against American troops or embassies in the Middle East, cybernetic sabotages, terrorist attacks, undercover actions through allied militias such as Hezbollah or hutis, and, perhaps the most serious from the economic point of view, the Ormuz Strait closurewhere a third of the world’s maritime oil travels. The dilemma of deterrence. The United States currently maintains some 40,000 military troops deployed in the region, with eight permanent bases in countries such as Bahrain, Kuwait, Catar and Arab Emirates, in addition to operational presence in other eleven key enclaves, including Iraq, Syria, Jordan and Oman. The Udeid Air Base in Catar, headquarters of the American central command, houses 10,000 soldiersand other facilities such as the Bahrain Naval Base or the infrastructure in Kuwait house tens of thousands more. Although all have aerial defenses, their geographical proximity with Iran makes them Vulnerable objectives Before a ballistic or cruise missile attack, drones or even irregular command incursions. Iran has a significant arsenal of unmanned projectiles and aerial vehicles, many of them of their own manufacture or adaptations of Russian and North Korean models, and although their response would not be immediate, the internal debate in Tehran about when and how to answer It could be intensified If Washington actively participates in the campaign. The threat of the Strait. He Ormuz narrowneuralgic point of global hydrocarbons trade, represents a Strategic risk first order. Iran has demonstrated in the past (as in 2019when it managed to temporarily paralyze 50% of Saudi production through a combined missile and drone attack) that can seriously affect the world energy market. If you choose to undermine the strait, use fast boats, submarines or coastal batteries to block the passage, the impact on oil prices It would be immediate and global. It happens that they will also It depends on the Strait For its own crude oil exports, which introduces a structural contradiction: damage ormuz would harm both their enemies and itself. Even so, like They point out analysts From the pentagon, deterrence based on mutual vulnerability does not guarantee containment if the survival of the regime is at stake. The precedent of hutis in the red seawhich have managed to interrupt maritime traffic despite weeks of US bombings, demonstrates the effectiveness of sustained asymmetric tactics even under constant military pressure. The mystery of a bomb. And here we reach the main theme from the perspective of the possible attack of the United States. In the heart of deliberations about this possible military intervention against Iran is the difficulty of destroying the center of Uranium enrichment of Fordow, that underground installation excavated deep in a mountain. He counted exclusive The Guardian that Trump has already been informed that the use of the GBU-57 pump could, in theory, Inspore fordow During a limited period of time, but according to sources close to the conversations, the president is not convinced of his effectiveness and has conditioned any authorization to attack the guarantee that the objective can be eliminated definitively. B-52 launching a MOP during the tests, 2009 Reasonable doubt. Doubts feed not only for the tactical complexity of the operation, but also of the evaluation of the Department of Defense: several experts They have warned Not even a GBU-57 pump battery would be enough to completely destroy Fordow, and that only A tactical nuclear weapon I could achieve it with certainty. In this regard, the British newspaper stressed that the option, however, has not been considered Formally and was ruled out in the meetings held between Trump, Defense Secretary Pete Hegesh and the head of the Joint Chiefs, General Dan Caine. GBU-57 limitations. It We count this week. It is a 13.6 tons pump capable of penetrate underground structures reinforced, the same one that has been the center of multiple debates in the Pentagon since the beginning of Trump’s mandate. The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DRA), responsible for testing and analyzing this kind of weapons, has pointed out that Fordow, about 80 meters underground, is beyond the operational reach of this ammunition without a PREVIOUS PREPARATION OPERATION that includes the destruction of aerial defenses, elimination of GPS interference and a possible saturation attack with conventional weapons to weaken the land. Even so, even under optimal conditions, the impact of a GBU-57 pump It could be limited to collapsing tunnels, sealing accesses and burying machinery under debris, but not to completely dismantle Iran’s nuclear capacity. The bomb, in addition, has never been used Under real conditions against an installation such as Fordow, which adds technical uncertainty to the already high political risk of initiating an open conflict. Absolute success or deterrence. The Guardian explained That for some high controls, the real problem is not the bomb itself, but the expectation of a “One and Done (unique and decisive attack) that does not conform to operational reality. The retired general Randy Manner, former Draw director, He warned that ForDow could be … Read more

Iran has asked its citizens to uninstall WhatsApp. WhatsApp’s response has been outraged

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He Application blocking during protests or armed conflicts is something that We have seen before. Although it is not a blockade for now, WhatsApp is in the spotlight in Iran. In the middle of Conflict with IsraelIranian state television asked a few days ago to its population that They will erase WhatsApp from their devices. The reason? According to them, the Meta app shares data with Israel. WhatsApp soon responded. Iran’s accusation. They tell it in AP news. Last Tuesday afternoon, on Iranian state television, the population to erase WhatsApp from their mobiles was urged. Iran ensures that the app is collecting user information, including your last locationand sharing it with Israeli intelligence, although without any proof that corroborates it. The WhatsApp response. In a Message posted in your X profileWhatsApp has responded bluntly, crossing this accusation of false information and highlighting that they use end -to -end encryption. This means that the information cannot be read if it is intercepted, it is only convenient when it reaches the recipient. They also emphasize that they do not keep registration of user location. Here the full message: This information is false and we are concerned that it will be used as an excuse to block whatsapp just when they need it most. All your personal messages and calls are encrypted from end to end, so we cannot see them. We do not track your exact location. We do not keep records of personal messages that are sent to each other. We do not provide massive information to any government. Can a government ask WhatsApp information? In a response to the WhatsApp publication in X, a user questioned if “we did not provide massive information to any government” meant that they do provide more detailed information. The truth is that there are cases in which yes They can share information before requests from order forcesfor example, given an emergency situation or investigation. In your response to this userWhatsApp insists that the Iran-Israel conflict is not one of these cases. In his Help centerWhatsApp explains how the process works when one of these applications occurs, which always has to meet the legal framework and its privacy policy. Among the data they can share with the authorities is the username, the date on which it started using WhatsApp, date of the last use, IP address, device information, your name, profile photo, contact list or its email. Goal provides details about government requests in its Transparency Centeralthough the data is updated every six months, so the most recent is from December 2024. Iran and WhatsApp have history. The finishing messaging app has already been in the spotlight of the Iranian government. In 2022, during Protests for the death of Masha Amini At the hands of the Iranian police, the government blocked Internet access in some parts of Tehran. Access to Instagram and WhatsApp was also blocked in an attempt to weaken the protests, it was not until late 2024 When they lifted the blockade. On the other hand, a few days ago The Internet connection will restrict throughout the country as a measure to prevent “cyber attacks from the enemy”, although They assured which would be a “temporary, specific and controlled.” Cover image | Pexels (1, 2) In Xataka | Israel is not only attacking Iran with missiles. He also just steal 90 million dollars in cryptocurrencies

Israel is not only attacking Iran with missiles. He also just steal 90 million dollars in cryptocurrencies

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It is not much less cryptocurrency theft more large in historybut those 90 million dollars are especially significant for whom they are involved and why. Those involved They are Israel and Iran. And why, unfortunately, The war that they maintain both nations. Israel hacking to Iran. The war between Israel and Iran is intensified, and does not only New and striking tactics On the battlefield. It also does it through cyber warmen. A group called Gonjeshke Darande, (predatory sparrow, in a translation from the Persian) Hackeo has been attributed of the Iranian market of Cryptodivisas Nobitex. Possible link to Israel. There is no definitive evidence of a direct link between the Government of Israel and this grip hacker, Sophos experts indicate. Rafe Pilling, Director of Intelligence of Threats in that firm, explained that the cyber attack had all the characteristics of an attack supported by a government. 90? Millions of dollars. The Hacker Group has achieved according to The Guardian steal 90 million dollars, although the page of the Wikipedia Persian edition It indicates that the robbery amounted to 3.76 billion rials, about 47 million dollars, although that money may be stolen from one of the two troonscan wallets destination From Gonjeshke Darende they have also threatened to publish both the company’s internea information and the source code of its cryptodivsis purchase platform. The final amount is not entirely clear, and According to Cointegraph It is exceeding 81.7 million dollars. Cold purses, safe. The attack, They support Nobitexhas allowed to steal the cryptocurrencies of the “hot” purses of the platform, used to facilitate daily transactions. He has not affected cold, safer purses. Nubitex blocked access to the platform as soon as they and those responsible say that “all damages will be compensated through the insurance fund.” In a later message They have revealed that the impact of the attack is “more complex than it was initially estimated.” And above, Internet cuts. From Nobitex they explain that their capacity to respond to cyber attack has also been affected by the cuts in the country’s internet infrastructure, “together with limited access to the facilities due to the current national crisis.” They hope to recover and restore their services in the next 4 or 5 days, but in the meantime the platform is still unable to be accessed. A hacking with political motivation.Yehor Rudytsia, security researcher at the Hacken firm, said in Cintelegraph how this cyber attack is more “a political statement than a robbery with economic motivation.” In fact, according to The Guardian the hackers have “burned” those funds storing them in custom addresses (“Vanity Addresses“) that they do not have a known private password or possibility of recovering. For example, a purse such as” 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Transferring cryptocurrencies to this type of addresses is actually destroying them voluntarily by leaving them blocked forever. The hackers have used directions with variations of the term “Jo *** Osterrorists”. Image | Wikipedia | Art Rachen In Xataka | Iran and Israel are starting another war in the background: that of the false images created with AI

There are almost no images of the conflict between Israel and Iran. That is why we are starting to generate them with ia

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At the user level, the popularization of artificial intelligence is leading to everyday uses (of cheat until helping us Organize the day) already debates that affect us all (ecological, labor and Ethics). But its use is also in the hands of governments and, when they conflict, artificial intelligence becomes a valuable weapon of soft war and propaganda on a global scale. He Wask between Iran and Israel He is leaving us a few examples. The images about these lines are not real. They are generated by AI. When the Gulf War in 1991 It was said that it would be the first war that we would see live, and now we are prolonging that same idea but taken to the extreme … and seasoned with manipulation of information through artificial intelligences. Images and videos disseminated in social networks and messaging apps, where we can see live bombings, but where not everything is real. These are images of some assumptions F-35 demolished by the Iranian army, data backed by the news of the country. Israel denied it quickly. And you just have to take a look at the second photo to see that it is false: what absurd size does that hunt have? And the buildings in the lower corner are smaller than people. That did not prevent thousands of people from spreading the images in their accounts, giving them by legitimate. And also videos. The arrival of the potent I see 3 Google has helped generate videos in line with these photos. The Tehran Times, means of Iranian communication, disseminates videos where it is presumed to gigantic missiles that do not exist. How do we know? I have left the seeing water mark in the video. Something similar happened with a supposed bombardment in Tel Avivwhose images are easy to identify as generated by AI. The person responsible for all of them is the account 3AMelyonnwhich is defined as “artificial intelligence resistance”, and whose videos are also spread on Telegram. With the permission of the high positions. These actions are not always a matter of disinformation in networks. Iran’s supreme leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei, tweet images of Iranian missiles to Israel generated by chatgptand the Israeli defense minister generates Genuine visual garbage (which The Anglo -Saxons call ‘Ai Slop’) of propaganda type of which Facebook and other networks crowd. It is not strange that the leaders of both sides join the iconographic war: it is a way not only to spread harmful propaganda for the other side, but to supply the informative limitations suffered by citizens. Please, only AI. In fact, there is another reason for the dissemination of propaganda through AI to be backed by the respective governments of Iran and Israel: when citizens spread images of killings in the cities, it was feared that with these videos they would give strategic clues to the other side. AI is a way to ensure that no one takes advantage of those videos. According to 404 mediaIsrael requested from its citizens in a statement by social networks: “The enemy examines these documents to improve their objectives. Be responsible, do not share locations on the network.” AI thus becomes a tool to share propaganda that is not strategically sensitive. How to identify artificial intelligence. The companies that create the generative tools are responsible for marking the results that their IASs yield. In addition to easily visible and editable water marks, Google AI includes an invisible, Synthidbut it has a problem set: you have to download the video that may appear, for example, on social networks, and then upload it to the Synthid platform. They are minutes, perhaps lost hours, during which perhaps the false video has reached millions of people. A very valuable time in terms of propaganda. Header | 404Media In Xataka | Welcome to the “mcdonaldization” of AI: we have cheap chatbots for mass, and ultra -premium products for the elite

Iran has found the antidote to the Israeli iron dome. Is called Fattah and overcomes the speed of sound

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Iran found A weakness In systems of Israeli defense. His offensive was focusing on the use of unconventional threats marked by Shahed drone swarms whose combat loss was very small compared to the missile cost to tear them down. Israel’s response was swift: fronts to unmanned devices He launched the Sarafcombat helicopters. Now the conflict has entered a new “hypersonic” phase. A hypersonic missile. On June 18, Iran marked a milestone in his confrontation with Israel to launch Your ballistic missile Hypersonic Fattahcapable of reaching at least match 5 speeds (and estimated, According to Iranbetween Mach 13 and Mach 15). This projectile, solid fuel, guided with precision and equipped with a mobile nozzle in its second stage, He managed to cross Israeli antimisile defense systems in what was defined by the body of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (CGRI) as a “turning point” in the Operation “True Promise III”already in its eleventh phase. Not just that. Iran He presented the Fattah As a symbol of the end of Israeli aerial invulnerability, stressing that its deployment represents a direct blow to the dissuasive capacity of Tel Aviv. The initial reports indicated FIRE AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGES in areas of the center of Israel as a direct consequence of the impact. Characteristics and innovation. The Fattaah missile represents one of the most ambitious bets of the Iranian Aerospace Program. It was presented officially in 2023 as a national technological revolution. With a scope 1,400 kilometers And a maneuvering capacity both inside and outside the atmosphere, this missile was designed to effectively avoid conventional defensive systems. In that sense, its design is key, which incorporates A re -entry vehicle maneuverable (Marv), which allows you to change direction in the final phases of your trajectory to evade aerial defenses. Your solid fuel engine gives you an immediate response to the launch and your advanced guide system, as we said, next to an orientable thrust nozzle, allows you to execute unpredictable maneuvers that hinder your interception. Unlike traditional missiles, its trajectory can vary dynamically during the flight, which makes it a practically unattainable goal for air defenses that depend on predictable trajectories. A fattah missile National symbol. The missile is much more in National Key. In fact, he was baptized by the leader himself, Ayatolá Ali Jameneí, who also made him a propaganda symbol With the phrase “400 seconds to Tel Aviv” printed In Hebrew on a banner hanging in Tehran. During the Mass attack of October 1, 2024, several fattah-1 missiles already They had been thrown Against Jerusalem, but its recent use in the current context marks the first time that on the current conflict is incorporated tactically. The weapon also It is described by the body of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard (IRGC) as the “Israel’s beating.” The “hypersonic” club. The news has other readings. With the deployment of fattaah, Iran becomes In the fourth country in having and using hypersonic technology, adding to Russia, China and India. Each of these powers has developed Your own models with different characteristics in terms of launch platform, autonomy, type of propulsion and guidance mechanisms. The Iranian variant stands out for its Structural simplicity (solid propulsion in two stages) and its apparent tactical effectiveness. Plus: The ability to overcome multiple layers of Israeli defense during this phase of attacks positions Iran as an increasingly sophisticated actor in the field of ballistic deterrence. The Israeli answer. If the response to the Shahed were the Saraf, the Israeli reaction to the attack with hypersonic missiles has not been waiting. In the following hours, Tel Aviv launched a new OLADA DE BOMBARDEOS on military objectives in Iranian territory, intensifying a dynamic of cross retaliation that already adds seven consecutive days. Among the whites attacked They were included Five military helicopters at a base in Kermanshah, a land-land missile production installation, a war manufacturing center and a centrifuged plantwhich shows that Israel seeks to weaken both conventional capacity and Iranian nuclear infrastructure. The explosions felt even In the Iranian capitalevidencing that the Israeli campaign has expanded its spectrum of action and now points to nerve centers of Persian military power. Strategic implications. The last of the legs to analyze has to do with how the board changes in regional dynamics. The Fattah irruption In the battlefield it introduces a new destabilization factor in a complex conflict already. Beyond military symbolism, its effective use undermines confidence in Israeli defensive systemsconsidered among the most advanced in the world. This vulnerability could force Israel to reassess its air defense architecture and, at the regional level, it could alter the strategic calculations of other actors that until now considered unfeasible to directly challenge the aerial power of Tel Aviv. In addition, the fact that Iran can deploy missiles of this class from within its own territory gives it a significant operational advantage, reducing the need to depend on regional allies to execute long -range attacks. More technological and asymmetric. As In Ukrainethe crossing of attacks between Iran and Israel, more and more sophisticated, illustrates the evolution of modern conflicts towards scenarios where technological deterrence is A determining weight. While Israel maintains the Air Supreme Thanks to its fleet of F-35I and F-15 fightersas well as its operational experience, the appearance of weapons Like fattah Reduces its strategic advantage margin. Iran, limited in its conventional Air Force, has opted to compensate for its inferiority with the development of ballistic missiles and Advanced dronesin a wear war in which each new system can redefine the momentary balance. The Operation “True Promise III”therefore, it is not only a reprisal campaign, but an essay for a new Iranian doctrine based on speed, precision and unforeseen penetration. Image | HeuteHossein Zohrevand, Amin Ahoui In Xataka | Ukraine was the anticipation of what Israel has done: war is no longer a thing of fighters or missiles, but something much cheaper In Xataka | If the question is how much the iron dome of Israel can endure, the answer is simple: much more … Read more

The hunt that still resists in Iran more than 40 years after his arrival. It is not Russian or Iranian. It is the American F-14

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While the missiles cross the air between Israel and Iran, the Israeli Air Force has confirmed A new attack on facilities close to Tehran. According to its version, among the objectives there were at least a couple of fighters F-14 Tomcat. In one of the available videos, the impact on what would be one of the few units that are still in service, almost half a century after having been manufactured. That an American hunt retired in 2006 Keep flying today in one of Washington’s great adversaries is no accident. The explanation is in the convoluted – sometimes contradictory – that history can be. An order, a revolution and a war The History of F-14 in Iran begins in the 70s. The SHA, still strategic ally of the United States, decided to incorporate Dozens of Tomcat fighters to its Air Force, in a military package valued at approximately 2,000 million dollars. To do this, he sent his pilots to train in California. But everything changed in 1979, with the Islamic revolution. The relationship between Iran and the United States deteriorated quickly. Ayatolá Ruhollah Jomeiní ordered the arrest of many of those pilots and left the F-14 on land. But the situation took a new turn in 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran. The authorities decided to free the aviators, and began a career to counterreloj for reactivating a fleet for which there were no longer spare parts. An Iranian pilot next to an F-14 Now, keeping an F-14 in flight is not an easy task. Every flight hour required many more maintenanceand many of its components were impossible to manufacture locally. No access to Western technology, Iran resorted to smugglers, to the black market … And also, in a maneuver as surprising as documented, to the United States. During the 80s, within the framework of the scandal Iran-contextsthe Ronald Reagan administration He secretly authorized The sale of weapons to Tehran in exchange for the release of hostages. Iranian Tomcats equipped with multiple missiles in full flight Today, almost half a century after that SHA request, the F-14 Tomcat It continues to appear In Iran. There are no official figures on how many are or how many are really operational. Some have seen in parades. Others, in blurred videos. And now, according to Israel, at least two would have been destroyed in a recent attack near Tehran. Israeli Air Force announced the impact on Iranian F-14 with this publication That an F-14 is still present in 2025 is not just a technical rarity. It is a string of how convoluted the story can be. A hunt designed for US carriers, designed to face the Soviet Union and retired almost twenty years ago, still appears – in one way or another – in one of the most serious military tensions of the moment. Tomcat was a technological feat. But he is also an unlikely survivor: he went from ally to enemy, he sustained thanks to improvised engineers, to clandestine networks, and the carelessness of those who tried to leave him on the ground forever. Images | Nasim News Agency | Iriaf | Shahram Sharifi | IIAF 2 US Navy (via Wikimedia Commons) In Xataka | If the question is how much the iron dome of Israel can endure, the answer is simple: much more than Iran’s defenses

Israel’s great goal in his war against Iran is to destroy Fordow. And you can only get it with a bomb that has USA

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It happened a few hours ago and American media They are taking it on their covers. Trump and Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, spoke on the phone. It is not clear what they said, but the call occurred while the president has been considering a distant option: that the United States intervenes directly in the Israel’s efforts for damaging the nuclear capacity From Iran. In the background, an idea that was intuited from the beginning of the conflict: the only way to reach Fordow was Through Washington. A key decision. On a day that could define the rest of its presidency, Trump faces one of the decisions more transcendental Of his mandate: or not to the Israel War against Iran. After returning from the G7 summit in Canada, the president held a high -level meeting and talked directly with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. While, In your social networks He proclaimed that the United States had “total control of Iranian airspace,” warned Supreme Leader Ali Jameneí who was an “easy white” and demanded an “unconditional surrender”, without defining the terms. Although until recently Trump had advocated a diplomatic solution to the Iranian nuclear program, his rhetoric and his most recent military movements (such as the deployment of bombers and Naval destroyers) suggest that this direct intervention is seriously considering. The change of posture. Had the New York Times In an extensive report how that turn to action in Washington’s position has been brewing. Throughout the last weeks, Trump has traveled from diplomatic containment to a growing acceptance of the military road to the Iranian challenge, largely pushed by the constant pressure of the Israeli prime minister, Netanyahu. While Trump tried to keep negotiations with Tehran (even sending A personal letter Ayatolá Jamenei and presenting nuclear cooperation proposals with regional participation), American intelligence began to warn that Israel He planned an attack Imminent against the Iranian nuclear program, with or without the support of Washington. Israel and pressure. The Times explained That Netanyahu, tired of years of containment by successive US presidents, seemed willing to launch a large offensive, not only on nuclear facilities, but potentially on the Iranian regime itself. This direct threat, added to the growing Trump skepticism Regarding the Iranian will to reach a real agreement, it caused an inflection: although at the beginning it rejected deliver the antibunker bombs requested by Netanyahu, the president ended up offering support in intelligence and now even values ​​the use of b-2 bombers and heavy armament against Fordowhe heart Underground Iranian nuclear enrichment. Symbolic weight. It is the other leg that explains the turn of events. It is not only a product of intelligence reports or impatience to stagnant negotiations, but also symbolic and media weight of the Israeli attacks and the role that Trump You want to project before its base: that of a strong, decisive and protective leader of Israel’s interests. Gathered with their advisors at Camp David, the media have counted that the President debated various optionsfrom passivity to total implication, and opted for a Intermediate strategy that would allow him to maintain a certain political distance while offering operational support. However, as Israel He obtained tactical victories (Including the murder of Iranian military leaders and the possible penetration in Natanz’s facilities), Trump began to change his public position, hinting at a more active role in the United States in the campaign. The goal. Because the key, againis in Fordow, the Iranian uranium enrichment center excavated under a mountain, a fortress that could only be destroyed by a name: the gigantic GBU-57 pumpsthat only B-2 can launch. The possibility of attacking with this arsenal, added to the perception that Israel cannot destroy underground installation without US support, feeds the sensation of imminence. MOP underground at White Sands Missile Range before his first explosion test in 2007 The bomb that drills mountains. Thus, and in the midst of a conflict that does nothing but grow, the potential role of the United States in an air operation against Iranian nuclear facilities brings to stage one of the most feared and less used artifacts of the US arsenal: the GBU-57A/B. Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), a 13,600 kilos bomb Designed to do precisely what its name indicates: to penetrate deeply into the earth and destroy underground fortifications. Unlike conventional mass dispersion pumps, MOP is a precision weapon, not saturation. Its forged steel structure and its guide by GPS allow it excavate up to 60 meters in solid rock (or even more, after years of improvements not revealed) before detonating in the heart of bunkers, tunnels or underground laboratories designed to resist the apocalypse. It is not the volume. Although it is the explosive non -nuclearly heavy of the US military inventory, its effectiveness does not depend on the destructive volume, but on its surgical capacity to eliminate what is beyond the reach of any other pump. Despite its devastating potential, it has never been used in combat, but its deployment is contemplated only for missions that alter the global strategic balance. B-2’s first public flight in 1989 19 B-2. And here appears the other fundamental leg of the strategy of this deterrent pump. The MOP cannot be launched from any aircraft. Only the B-2 Spiritthe stealthy strategic bomber of the United States Air Force has the structural and technological capacity to load it and deliver it in the target. With just 19 operational units (a good part parked On Diego García Island), The B-2 is not a bomber: it is a platform designed to go far, avoid radars and attack in depth, literally. In the past, these devices have flown round trip missions of more than 30 hours From Misuri until Libya or Kosovowithout scales except reposses in the air. Plus: the Recent updates to the MOP system they have sought to perfect the Integration between bomb and planein addition to improving the capacity of the intelligent spolet to detect structural “empty” (floors, cameras, tunnels) and exploit exactly at the most … Read more

We have been believing that Iran is “five years” from the nuclear bomb. In reality we only know how much uranium enriches

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Few phrases have been as repeated in the geopolitics of the West as “Iran is five years from the nuclear bomb.” For more than three decades, we have heard predictions that place the Iranian regime on the verge of crossing the atomic threshold, a stopwatch that restarts again and again without the prophecy becoming fulfilled. The real problem is not so much what we know about Iran’s nuclear program, as the immensity of what we do not know. And it is in that fog of uncertainty where the most dangerous decisions are cooked. A diffuse red line like Casus Belli. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has initiated a war against Iran framed in which the regime is “close to finishing the construction of a nuclear bomb.” This language transforms an old threat into an immediate danger, turning the rhetorical red line into a justification for war. Although the United States initially denies direct participation in the attack, political and military support has gone in crescendo. A Message of President Donald Trump In capital letters, “Iran can’t have a nuclear weapon!”, It works as a blank check for Israel. Thirty years of breached predictions. When a suspicion, and not an evidence, they are a reason for war, it is worth reviewing the newspaper library to put rhetoric in perspective. The feeling of “imminent nuclear bomb” in Iran is not new. It is a political construction that has been managing for decades, with Benjamin Netanyahu as its main architect. In 1992, Netanyahu already warned that Iran was “three or five years” to obtain nuclear weapons. In 2012, he starred in one of his most iconic moments at the UN, drawing a red line with a marker In a cartoon scheme of a pumpand ensuring that they would cross the line in the summer of 2013. Each period has been fulfilled without the weapon becoming materialized. What do intelligence agencies say. Although Israel had in the United States its main political ally, US intelligence agencies did not buy their rhetoric about Iran. In 2007, the National Intelligence Estimate De la CIA concluded with “high confidence” that Iran had stopped its nuclear militarization program, the AMAD Plan. The verification of this break came in 2015 with the Comprehensive Comprehensive Plan Joint (JCPOA), an agreement by which Iran limited uranium enrichment to 3.67% in exchange for the lifting of sanctions. The break that caught the fuse. Paradoxically, the withdrawal of the United States of the JCPOA in 2018, driven by the same rhetoric of the “imminent bomb”, caused the response that was intended to avoid. Iran began to enrich uranium at unprecedented levels: first 20% and then 60%, drastically shortening the theoretical deadlines for the pump and triggering the current crisis. Despite this, there are no evidence, beyond the expansion of enrichment plants, that Iran have the necessary technology or develop those weapons. Although, in honor of the truth, it is logical that there are no, since most of the activity is underground. Faith jump between enrichment and nuclear bomb. To understand how “near” Iran of the nuclear bomb is, you have to differentiate two key processes. The first is the fuel: the enrichment of uranium, the visible part of the process. It is about increasing the concentration of the fistible isotope 2 35 of the uranium from the 0.7% natural to 90% (the arms degree). Thanks to the withdrawal of the JCPOA, Iran accumulates a large amount of 60%enriched uranium. And moving from 60 to 90% is a technically feasible leap within a few weeks. However, Having the fuel is not having the enginewhat Anglo -Saxons call “weaponization.” A set of incredibly complex steps to convert the fistible material into a functional eye that can be mounted on a missile. They have to convert the uranium of arms degree, which is a gas, into a metal sphere. They have to surround that sphere with high precision explosives that have to detonate simultaneously in microseconds to compress the nucleus and start the chain reaction. And all this, in a package small and light enough to fit in the eyes of a missile and survive the launch. This is where we enter the field of almost total uncertainty. We know that this will investigated with the AMAD Plan, but its current progress is unknown. However, nobody knows it with certainty because intelligence on underground activities is very difficult to obtain. What we know with certainty. Despite decades of sanctions, sabotage, selective murders of its scientists and cyberbrains (like the famous Stuxnet, which destroyed uranium centrifuges), the Iranian nuclear program has not only survived, but has become stronger and more self -sufficient. Iran designs and produces its own advanced centrifuging. In fact, Israel’s main objective is to destroy the Fordow plant, that Iran built under a mountain to make it invulnerable to air attacks. In parallel, Iran has developed the largest and diverse ballistic missile program in the Middle East, and a fleet of trucks ready to shoot them. This resilience demonstrates that technical knowledge is deeply institutionalized in the regime, which is why Israel has eliminated those responsible for the nuclear program, as well as Iranian launches. At the same time, each Israeli attack can reinforce the conviction in Tehran that the pump is the only guarantee of survival, a fish that bites the tail, accelerated by Netanyahu’s rhetoric. They will go in the North Korean mirror or Pakistan. Beyond the rhetoric of the West, two countries offer key lessons about Iran. North Korea built its nuclear program to ensure the survival of the regime. Isolated and economically devastated, He saw the bomb as his only insurance policy against a overthrow imposed by the United States. The sanctions and pressure only reinforced their determination. Pakistan followed a strategic imperative. It sought to neutralize the military superiority of India. When India tried her bomb in 1974, the Pakistani bomb became a matter of national survival. Iran is a hybrid and more complex case. Share the survival … Read more

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