greatest

Italy’s greatest fortune was forged in scarcity to become your forbidden pleasure: Nutella

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Mayans, Olmecs and Aztecs They knew how to appreciate the value of cocoa, and that is why they used it as currency to buy goods and services long before Christopher Columbus. make those lands yours just by reaching them by boat more than 500 years ago. In fact, chocolate has become a “guilty pleasure” these days. so widespreadwe are (yes, I include myself) causing global shortages. Precisely, cocoa is the main ingredient of a product that made two brothers extremely rich in ruined post-World War II Italy: the Ferreros. From that scarcity emerged an empire with $19 billion in annual revenue and a presence in more than 170 countries. The challenge: create a chocolate bar without cocoa In the middle of World War II, Italy suffered an extreme shortage of many things, but especially cocoa, a problem that had already hit Europe during the time of Napoleon. As and as explained in The Green CompassIn 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte became involved in a geopolitical and commercial battle with his enemy the United Kingdom. This caused the volume of trade to reduce considerably, causing a shortage of overseas products. One of them was cocoa, of course. Given the shortage of the main ingredient, a master chocolatier from Turin He came up with the brilliant idea of ​​mixing the little chocolate he had left with a dough made from hazelnuts that were abundant in the area. In this way, it could offer a delicacy with a certain chocolate flavor, but using less cocoa in its production. This is how the gianduia or gianduja. Almost a century and a half later, in 1946, the brothers Pietro and Giovanni Ferrero They found themselves in the same cocoa shortage situation than his Turin colleague. If it had worked before, why wouldn’t it work a second time? Cioccolateria Ferrero in Alba The Ferrero brothers revived the old recipe for hazelnut paste with sugar and cocoa to survive, creating a spreadable bar that would lay the foundations for a product that today sweetens breakfasts and snacks around the world. ​This hazelnut paste and little cocoa saved the Cioccolateria Ferrero that Pietro ran in Alba, south of Turin and in the heart of the Piedmontese countryside. The product, in the form chocolate bar that could be rolled and spread on the bread that mothers gave to their hungry children quickly sold out in local stores. Giandidot by Ferrero Faced with unexpected success, Pietro and his brother Giovanni soon formalized their business, founding a company called Ferrero SpA and opening a small factory in Alba. While Giovanni focused on distribution, Pietro focused on overseeing the manufacturing of his flagship product. However, Pietro died in 1949 of a heart attack. His son Michele, who was 24 years old at the time, took over from his father at the head of the factory. Ferrero factory workers on a company bus Michele was not a businessman like his uncle Giovanni, nor did he have a university degree, but he did he had inherited his father’s creativityto whom affectionately They called “the scientist” and he was willing to improve the recipe for the product that was making them rich. In 1949, Michele made some changes to the formula of the gianduja to make it creamier and easier to spread. With this change, the Ferreros could differentiate themselves from other confectioners who also produced the traditional Piedmontese sweet. The “Supercrema” had just been born. According to what is collected in the book ‘Nutella World‘, the success of the Supercrema was such that the brand soon had the second largest fleet of trucks, only behind that of the army. In 1947, the company barely had a dozen distribution trucks, in 1950 they already had 154 and by 1960 there were more than 1,624 delivery trucks for their company. cocoa cream with hazelnuts. Ferrero Supercream Ad ​Birth of a star product: Nutella In 1964, a change in product labeling legislation banned the use of superlatives in brand names. That forced the Ferreros to change the name of their Supercrema. Given the success of Supercrema, the Ferreros were already thinking about the internationalization of the brand, so they used the English name of its main ingredient “Nut” and, after trying variants such as Nutsy, Nussly, Nutosa and Nutina, they finally decided to use the Latin suffix “-ella” to maintain its Italian roots. Nutella was born and its iconic glass jar with a wide mouth and flattened body. Its smooth texture and addictive flavor made it an immediate success throughout Europe, but Michele continued trying different recipes. The consolidation of Ferrero as the empire it is today occurred with the Kindergarten release in 1968, the “unexpected” Tic Tac mint candies in 1969 and Ferrero Rocher in 1982, coinciding with the opening of factories in several countries. Today, Ferrero generates $19 billion annually, maintains secret formulas and operates in 170 countries without being listed on the stock market. Ferrero established itself as world leader in hazelnut creamseven having its own World Nutella Day since 2007: February 5. Michele Ferrero died in 2015 at 89 years old, leaving a fortune estimated at more than 26.5 billion dollars which made him the richest man in Italy, but he had also continued to manage a large empire as a family business in which the relatives of his employees were hired. As and how I collected The Spanish“Hiring children of employees strengthened the bond of the community and united many of its men and women to the company throughout their working lives,” noted Salvatore Giannella, biographer of the businessman and author of ‘Michele Ferrero, share values ​​to create value’. Giovanni Ferrero, grandson of Pietro Ferrero, inherited the empire of cocoa and hazelnut cream, increasing the family heritage up to 40.8 billion dollars. In Xataka | Jeff Bezos asked his parents for their life savings to found Amazon. They only asked him one question: “What is the Internet? Image | Unsplash (Marko Blažević), Flickr (Spiegelneuronen) Ferrero

Its greatest advantage is not having its own model

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Meta ended its 2025 by announcing the purchase of manus for more than 2,000 million dollars. It says a lot that it is a company that coordinates and directs other people’s models. Why is it important. Manus reached 100 million in annual recurring revenue without training a single model. Use Claude and Alibaba models to do the heavy lifting. Its differentiation is not in the intelligence of the model but in the execution: planning complex tasks, invoking tools, iterating on results, delivering finished work… a purely agentic model that achieved its little viral moment at the beginning of the year. OpenAI, Google and company focus on announcing models that fight to get tenths in the benchmarksbut Manus simply makes money by selling that ability to direct other people’s models. The backdrop. In ranking like those of Chatbot Arena We have been seeing the same pattern for a year: every time one model is crowned the best, another surpasses it in a few weeks. None manages to make a lasting difference and there is no great difference. moatnot even the capillarity and recognition of OpenAI, or the distribution capacity of Google. Yes, but. Yeah the models are commoditizing and they are increasingly interchangeable, where is the business? Meta just gave his answer: at the application layer. In who controls the distribution where people actually use AI. Meta spends $70 billion a year (and counting) on ​​AI infrastructure, but Meta AI It is not curdling and Flame 4 punctured. It lacks what Manus has proven to have: a proven ability to turn models into products that people pay to use. The threat. Meta is facing a distribution problem: Google has Android, Google Search, Gmail, Google Docs… Microsoft has Windows and its suite of productivity, in addition to being ubiquitous in companies. Apple controls the iPhone and the Mac. And Meta has social and messaging platforms, but its track record in corporate products is disastrous. Workplace never took off and closed. Their reputation with business data isn’t exactly great. Buying technology is easy, but whether companies trust Meta as a provider of work tools is another story. Chinese arbitration. Chinese AI startups are clearly undervalued: The Chinese number one is worth less than 1% of the American one with comparable technical capacity, and the penetration of OpenAI justifies the distance, but not at that level. Benchmark Capital saw these figures and he put in 75 million in May at a valuation of 500 million. a few months later goes for more than 2,000 million. The new manual. Manus has just shown that there is a viable route for Chinese AI startups: turn to cheap and well-trained Chinese talent, develop a product designed for global markets (and not just Chinese) from day one, raise Western capital, move the legal headquarters outside of China (in this case, Singapore), and achieve a “clean exit.” Other Chinese startups can now be expected to follow a similar path, and the Chinese authorities are aware of this… and are not happy with the idea, according to the wall Street Journal. They see it as a leak of technology developed with local engineers. And now what. Meta will integrate Manus into Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp. But the real message goes further: in AI, as happened with the Internet, the infrastructure becomes commodity and the business is in the digital “last mile”, where technology touches the user. Meta just paid 2.5 billion to not forget that lesson. In Xataka | Mark Zuckerberg is giving a radical change to Meta’s AI strategy. And that’s what happens when you lose a Nobel Prize winner. Featured image | Manus, Xataka with Mockuuups Studio

We are facing the greatest threat to livestock farming in 30 years

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As I write this, the Military Emergency Unit is deploying to Collserola to try to contain the African swine fever epidemic that has already left 14 dead wild boars and threatens bring the entire Spanish pork sector to a historic crisis. Right now, while the Generalitat finishes the tests on the 39 livestock farms in the area, more than 80 UME operatives (together with the Rural Agents and the Civil Guard) are sweeping the natural park between Barcelona and Cerdanyola del Vallès. Thirty years later, this animal disease is back. What has happened? On November 26, in the vicinity of the campus of the Autonomous University of Barcelona in Bellaterra, two dead wild boars were found. The tests by the veterinary services of the Generalitat of Catalonia left no room for doubt: the African swine fever virus was back on the peninsula. It was the first positive in Spain since November 1994. After notification to the Ministry of Agriculture, confirmation of the positives by the Central Veterinary Laboratory of Algete (Madrid) and the implementation of the control device, the Department of the Generalitat found four other bodies more in the same area. Given the confirmation of the outbreak, the Government requested intervention of the UME hunting control unit. Aren’t we overreacting a little? That’s what it might seem like. After all, African swine fever does not affect humans and is relatively localized among wild pigs in a specific natural park. The question that many ask is whether it is really necessary to mobilize one of the elite units of the Spanish army for 14 dead wild boars. And the answer, I’m afraid, is yes. Although it is a strictly zoonotic disease (and, indeed, does not affect humans) it has mortality and morbidity levels close to 100% among domestic pigs. That is, it is a disease that “can kill all the pigs on a farm after a few days of fever, coughing and bleeding.” And the world takes it very seriously. To the point that “the appearance of a single case of plague causes preventive blocking of pork exports.” There are more than 20 countries that, to begin with, they do not accept regionalization and, therefore, the veto of Spanish pork exports is en bloc and immediate. Among them are Japan or Mexico. The Ministry of Agriculture is in negotiations with them, but shipments are stopped. We must not forget that it is leader in pork export within the European Union and ranks third worldwide in production. The arrival of African swine fever (however predictable it could be) is a catastrophe for the sector. And for Spanish foreign trade in general: China, which imports 20% of Spanish pork and which has just signed a historic agreement precisely on pork with the presence of the Kings, is very pending of what is happening in Catalonia (and the possible expansion of the virus). We must not forget that the arrival of the plague to Spain in the 60s (through Portugal and its African colonies) led an international isolation of the Iberian pig for more than three decades. And now what? The first thing is to “clean” Collserola. That is why the deployment has been so rapid and large. But afterward, it will be time to identify the origin of the outbreak (Councilor Òscar Ordeig has pointed to contaminated food as the main suspect, but it is still not clear) and, above all, we will have to reflect on hunting and veterinary controls. Because, as I said before, this is not a surprise. In 2014, reports were already saying that the virus was rampant across Europe’s eastern border; but it wasn’t until 2020 when he jumped to Germany also through a wild boar. The German country was, by the way, at that time the largest pork producer in the EU. Since then, the virus has already appeared in 15 EU countries (Germany, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovakia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, Belgium and Sweden). Just these last two They have managed to eradicate it again after the application of draconian control measures. Now it’s our turn and we have a lot at stake. Image | Oscar in the middle | Jonathan Kemper In Xataka | In a country with almost as many pigs as people, the worst that can happen is that investment funds take over

China wants to imprison the world with its restrictions on rare earths. His greatest prey has escaped him

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It’s been months since China presses the whole world with one of his great aces up his sleeve: rare earths. Last week he used them again to unbalance the balance of technological trade worldwide and imposed new restrictions to its export, but its attack has a gigantic hole. One called Taiwan. rare earths to me. Taiwan’s economy minister has revealed that the country does not expect there to be a big impact from these new restrictions from China. The reason is simple: such minerals are different from the metals needed in the semiconductor sector that Taiwan’s manufacturers and production plants dominate. Taiwan does not need China. In fact, both the products necessary domestically for the production of these chips and the rare earths used in their manufacturing processes come from Europe, the United States and Japan. This makes the country safe from the pressure that China wants to exert with its dominance of the rare earth segment. China tries to force the hand. China expanded significantly export controls on rare earths last Thursday. It added five new items to its list of minerals with restricted exports, but also imposed new scrutiny mechanisms for chip users. The change is not minor: any product manufactured outside the country that contains just 0.1% of materials of Chinese origin will need a license to be exported. TSMC safe. Taiwan is the largest chip factory in the world and for years it has TSMC as a major player in the sector. The company leads this segment and has become the great ally of the Western world when it comes to producing chips for the AI ​​industry. The Chinese restrictions do not appear to pose future dangers for TSMC and other manufacturers in the country, according to those statements. But. Even so, the economy minister added that these additional controls could affect global supply chains for various products. To clarify better: the direct impact may not be noticeable, but yes it could be the indirect onebecause for example ASML’s EUV scanners use rare earth magnets that could end up suffering delays due to these restrictions. And be careful with the “ripe chips”. For example, chips for electric vehicles and drones. China is precisely determined to dominate the mature circuit market: given that can’t compete At the moment with the most advanced manufacturing technology, what it wants is to be the main protagonist of less advanced but equally important chips in industries such as the automotive industry. Restrictions as a lever to negotiate. China’s measures in this regard They are just part of that commercial and technological war that it maintains with the West and, especially, with the United States. The reaction of the US government was immediate, and Donald Trump announced 100% additional tariffs on Chinese imports. Both superpowers try to use their assets to put pressure on their rival while waiting for a imminent negotiation: Trump and Xi Jinping are expected to meet in South Korea in late October. Image |Wikimedia | leannk

The greatest attack of Ukraine on Russian soil discovered a new threat with drones. China has just multiply it

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In 2024, Ukraine managed to enter trucks disguised as mobile houses in Russian terrain. It was the origin of what happened in June 2025, when The Spiderweb operation It was activated giving rise to kyiv’s greatest attack on Moscow since the beginning of the invasion in Ukraine. The offensive also staged the Future of the contests. China has taken another step in that threat marked by drones. Show converted into threat. They told them Analysts at The War Zone. China, through the company Damodahas presented a containerized system designed in principle for light shows with drones, but whose concept reveals deep military implications. The Automated Drone Swarm Container System is capable to display and recover Hundreds (potentially thousands) of small grid drones automatically, in a matter of minutes and with a single operator. Although the declared objective is entertainment, the system encapsulates the logic of how a simple container can be transformed into a portable swarm launcher with capacity of saturating skies and objectives at will. What today is a viral show on social networks, tomorrow can be a devastating weapon on the battlefield. From Guinness to War. Damoda already holds the world record with More than 11,000 drones in simultaneous flight in a coordinated show. Now, with this modular system of extensible racks, each container can accommodate At least 648 dronesready to take off and land synchronized. Drones automatically return to their positions and recover in the system itself, which It allows constant repetition With minimal human intervention. The promise for the civil market is speed, portability and cost reduction, but from the military perspective what is shown is the ability to convert a truck or a container into a force multiplier, camouflaged in an innocuous appearance. The precedents. The most immediate parallelism is found in the Ukraine War. As we said at the beginning, in mid -2024, kyiv carried out the call Spiderweb Operationwhere hidden containers as sheds or mobile houses were used as undercover kamikaze drones. Those attacks against aerodromes inside Russia They damaged or destroyed dozens of aircraft, including strategic long -range bombers. The blow was so serious that the Pentagon estimates the loss of at least ten of these devices. Something similar It happened in the Middle Eastwhen Israeli commands used covert structures to launch drones and missiles against goals in Iran during the beginning of the twelve -day war. Both operations show that the container, the most banal and ubiquitous infrastructure of global trade can become A lethal vector of power projection. The military potential. If civil design is extrapolated to the war, the concept is transformed into A swarm weapon low cost with saturation effects. Several trucks equipped with these containers could simultaneously launch hundreds or thousands of drones with diverse missions: from exploration and recognition to electronic warfare, interference of radars or kinetic attacks with small explosive loads. It would be enough Reduced number of systems To sweep an air base, disable radars or cover an urban front with lethal swarm. Its deployment in scenarios where the control lines are diffuse, such as cities in war, would allow devastating and almost impossible to stop with traditional defenses. The defense challenge. The difficulty in repelling a massive attack of swarms is multiplied with each advance in Autonomy and artificial intelligence. A swarm with the ability to Autonomous search and destruction It could penetrate shegars, hangars or buildings in search of objectives, exceeding the limitations of preprogrammed attacks. Let’s think that conventional anti -aircraft systems, designed to intercept specific threats, are overwhelmed in front of hundreds of simultaneous drones. The directed energy weapons, like lasers or microwaveThey offer partial but limited solutions by scope, direction and power. One of the few effective alternatives is to respond with another defensive swarm of interceptor drones, capable of creating a mobile barrier in the sky. Even so, cost-efficacy asymmetry plays in favor of the attacker: while an interceptor missile It can cost millionseach suicide drone barely reaches some thousands of dollars. Representation of a container launch system for the Merodeo ammunition of the Hero family of the German contractor Rheinmetall, as another example of a relevant concept that has previously been shown A show in the contest. The great risk is that what is now deployed as a cultural or tourist show can be transformed With hardly modifications In a gun of war. The camouflage, a priori, is perfect: a load container standard, transported by train, truck or ship, does not raise suspicions until, in minutes, it becomes A lethal swarm. This multiplies the strategic challenge for air bases, ports and cities close to the front, where a single infiltrated container could inflict damage comparable to that of a cruise missile sap. In wars where surprise and saturation are key, this kind of “drone box” emerges as the contemporary equivalent of an unpublished intelligent cluster bomb and precision. Global threat in buds. The truth is that China is not the only country in Explore this land. Defense companies and contractors In the United States And Europe also work in similar conceptssome even thought for naval pitchers. The debate in the US Navy already proposes to install containerized swarms In ships for defense and attack, which shows the inevitability of this transition. The Chinese precedent and the war in Ukraine indicate that the next future of the Air War is not only in the great seasons of sixth generation or in hypersonic missiles, but in low -cost swarms capable of overflowing any defense. The paradox. The Automated Drone Swarm Container System of Damoda It is officially a civil product to illuminate the skies in celebrations. But what projects, beyond its luminous choreographies, is a disturbing mirror of the future of war. Each viral show is at the same time, An essay From what can happen on the battlefield: the replacement of the power concentrated by distributed saturation, the replacement of the missile of millions with hundreds of low -cost drones, the transit of the technological war to … Read more

When Disney canceled Kimmel for comments about Trump, the greatest victim was another: his streaming service

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Last week was frantic to Jimmy Kimmel: In just a few days, a joke about the Charlie Kirk murder He caused his dismissal, generated protests throughout the country and returned to the program. And, apparently unrelated, Disney raised prices of its streaming platform. Everything was connected in a process that may have cost the company more than she expected. What happened. Although reality bifurcó in multiple ways, summarizing, Late Night’s presenter Jimmy Kimmel was suspended on September 17 by Disney after jokes about the murder of Charlie Kirk in which accused the government of instrumentalizing his death. The dismissal generated immediate criticisms for alleged political censorship under pressure from the Trump administration and the Federal Communications Commission of the United States after the suspension were the pressures of the latter to companies that were waiting for the granting of permits for mergers. Kimmel returned on September 23after they accentuated The protests that accused the government of pressing private entities against political enemies. How much it cost Disney. The Boicot public ads by stars and Influencers They did Bag to Bag to Disneywith a cost of about 5,000 million dollars in stock value. The casualties were estimated around a million, but journalist Marisa Kabas has obtained more precise informationwhich has echoed media such as discussing film or engadget: they became 1.7 million subscribers who canceled their service between September 17 and 23, 436% above the usual cancellation rate. But the thing had to get worse, because Disney was about to make an unexpected ad. A climb. Kabas herself also advanced Monday night to the official announcement: Disney was about to announce an increase in prices of her services of streamingand possible, that could have accelerated the decision of ABC (property of Disney) to return the program to Kimmel. They are ups between two and three dollars for the different Disney+ and Hulu packages, and obviously, it was planned long before the death of Charlie Kirk: the avalanche of cancellations due to the problem with Kimmel was only an addition to those that the company would already foresee when announcing the increases. Too much for a single company, which has rushed to return the presenter as an emergency measure. The question is … why didn’t they delay the announcement of the climbs? Throw forward. There is talk of several possible reasons to, despite the image crisis, continue with the ads, most of the Disney category as a great corporation with hardly any waist to quickly react to these viral phenomena. On the one hand, Disney traditionally announces this type of increase in Octoberwith the beginning of his new fiscal year. This calendar has been respecting for years, it is a rigid program that does not fit for image crisis. On the other hand, it was possibly notified of clients and interested parties, without contemplating postponements. Finally, there is the most important thing: it is a calculated risk, and Disney needs money. Despite the cancellations, the company decided to maintain the increase in the hope of stabilizing income. In addition, he avoided setting a dangerous precedent, to give in external pressures. Disney, Annus horribilis. It is not being a good year for Disney’s finances. Kimmel is only the last disaster (and all the fall remains) of a 2025 that started with a couple of powerful cinematographic failures: ‘Captain America: Brave New World’with lower performance than expected, and ‘Snow White‘, A critical and box office puncture that has even led to rethinking the future of some remakes of real image classics. Neither ‘Thunderbolts‘He has won the expected. And Pixar and Star Wars, the other powerful franchises of the house, go through a popular pothole. Of course, not everything has been disasters: ‘Lilo & Stitch‘It has been one of the box office pumps of the year and a good 2026 is expected, with the new deliveries of’Avatar‘(which arrives in December this year) and’Avengers‘(already for December that comes). Header | Anthony Quintano In Xataka | The streaming economy is completely broken and things will only get worse within the coming years

Canopo’s decree is one of the greatest mysteries to solve the ancient Egypt. And finally we have a key track to understand it

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Egyptologists and especially those scholars dedicated to the study of hieroglyphs and The Ptolemaic dynasty They are in luck. And rightly. A team of archaeologists has located in the site of Tell el-Faran´inin the city of The Husseiniya (Sharqia), an unparalleled treasure in the last century and a half. Not because of the materials with which it is manufactured or its lavishness. No. The key is what he says, how he says it and above all what he does not say. What experts have found is neither more nor less than a famous stone trail Canopo decree. Of course, a very special. What is Canopo’s decree? A Egyptian decree promulgated by the king Ptolemy III Evergetes on a deck of 238 AC, in full Ptolomeics dynasty. The document was written after the high priests met in the city of Canopusto the east of Alexandria, to honor the monarch, his wife Berenice and the little daughter of both, who died by those same dates. It may sound boring, but the decree has been fascinating the Egyptologists. The text exalts the figure of the monarchs (“The benevolent gods”), their donations, campaigns and veneration in the temples. Also of more practical issues, such as the decision to lower taxes those years in which crops did not receive enough water from the Nile, or the creation of a new priestly range and a religious holiday. Another of the ads that it collects is the deification of the deceased daughter of Ptolemy III Evergetes and Berenice, which was called as her mother. Does it say anything else? Yes. Among other issues, the introduction of a new system of leap years which would add an extra day every four years to adjust it to religious rituals. Ptolemy III wanted that additional day to commemorate him and his wife, but the idea He didn’t finish curdling. Today it reminds us how advanced Egyptian astronomy was and how it advanced to Julian calendarintroduced by Julio César in the 46 AC replacing the Roman. Beyond what he says, the decree is valuable for how he says it. The document makes it clear that its content should be expressed in stelae that mixed three different writing systems: Egyptian hieroglyphs, The demotic and The Greek Koiné. The copies should also be distributed among the main temples for the edict to reach every corner of the kingdom. When in the nineteenth century the archaeologist Karl Richard Lepsius He discovered one of those specimens in Tanis, he found a valuable help to decipher the hieroglyphs. So or even more than Rosetta stone. How is the new wake? Of sandstone, 127.5 centimeters high and 83 wide, with a thickness of 48. Its upper part is rounded and, in addition to the registration of the central section, distributed over 30 hieroglyph lines carved in relief, the stone shows some interesting decorations. The design is crowned by a large winged solar disk flanked by two royal cobras that show the white and red crowns of Egypt, symbol of the union of the two lands. In the center, an inscription stands out in which “Di-Ank” can be read, a message that could be translated as “the one that gives life.” Why does the finding matter? Because the copies of Canopo decree do not abound. Or at least we have not found them. As remember The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Egypt, the wake found in Tell el-Faran´in will join the other six known and unearthed versions inKom el-hisn, Tanis either Tell enough. Some are complete. Another are just fragments. “This discovery is considered the most significant of its kind in more than 150 years, since since then no new and complete version of the decree has been found,” Underline. Does it differ in something? Yes. And that is one of the reasons why the wake recovered in Tell el-Faran´in has generated so much interest. Although the decree of Ptolemy III made it clear that it should be captured in stelae that combined the three writing systems (hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek), the specimen we just found shows only one. This was confirmed by Mohamed Ismail Khaled, of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, who Clarify that the wake is written “entirely in hieroglyphs”, which differentiates it from other previous trilingual versions. What is it for? Beyond the obvious historical, archaeological and patrimonial value of the finding, Tell el-Faran´in wake has a key utility. From the outset, it has served the Egyptian Minister of Antiquities, Sherif Fathy, to breastfeed for the “continuous achievements” of the archaeological missions of the country and the “support” of the government to the excavation campaigns, something that feels especially good in full controversy by the Tourist megaproject of the Sinai. Political issues apart, scholars are relying on squeezing the content of the wake. The authorities expect them to help them expand their knowledge about the real and religious documents of the Ptolemaic era and “enrich” the understanding of that historical period. If something has aroused interest, it is, however, that the stone includes a single writing system, which seems an exception to the norm that includes the decree. “Open new horizons for our understanding of the language and provides additional information about Ptolemaic decrees, as well as about real and religious ceremonial systems,” Add the government. Images | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt government and Wikipedia In Xataka | A 2,000 -year -old cup has revealed an unexpected facet of the Egyptians: psychedelic cocktails

Russia has just launched the greatest order to Europe since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine. And Europe has responded with fire

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In recent weeks the war in Ukraine had taken a more worrying channel with a made unprecedented From the Russian invasion in 2022. Lost combat drones were arriving To countries outside the conflicteven impacting the land. However, what happened few hours ago is completely different. Poland (and NATO) have just enter In the contest. Polish interception. Yes, Poland It has knocked down For the first time Russian drones that penetrated their airspace during a massive attack against Ukraine, in what Warsaw He described how an “unprecedented violation.” The operation, carried out in the early morning with fighters and Polish anti -aircraft defense systems and other NATO allies (including F-35 Dutch), supposes the most serious clash between Moscow and the Atlantic Alliance since the beginning of the Russian Invasion on a large scale in February 2022. Prime Minister Donald Tusk confirmed That armament was used against intruder objects, convened an emergency meeting and claimed to maintain constant contact with NATO general, Mark Rutte. For its part. The president of France Macron has described Incursion as “simply unacceptable.” Critical climbing. The incident occurs in a context of great tension, with Russian military exercises Zapad About to start with Belarus and Washington pressed by European capitals to adopt a firmer position against Moscow. Said war games, five days, They imply to the armed forces of Russia and Belarus and develop very close to the Polish border, which increases the risk of incidents. The military dimension. The Polish Armed Forces confirmed that several military aircraft participated in the operation, with radar systems and air defense activated to the highest level of alert. HE They identified and demolished Some of the intruder drones in regions such as Podlaskie, Mazowieckie and Lublin, where there were even traces of devices, as in the town of Czosnówka. I also knowThey used flights In the Chopin airport in Warsovia and in three other aerodromes, including Rzesów-Jjaka, key for its proximity to Ukraine. The change in Russian strategy. Russia has intensified since summer the use of drones and missiles to saturate Ukrainian defense and exhaust its interceptors. Only last weekend launched more than 800 drones and a dozen missiles in the largest air attack since 2022. This tactic too Multiply the risks For neighboring countries of Ukraine, such as Poland, which until now had suffered the fall of lost projectiles (such as the one that killed two farmers in 2022), but had never directly intercepted Russian devices in flight. Implications The Polish response occurs at a time of political uncertainty In Washington, with President Donald Trump trying to force peace negotiations between kyiv and Moscow, but without success. The lack of immediate reactions of the White House, the Pentagon and the State Department highlights the US caution before an action that can mark a before and after in the involvement of NATO. Plus: Warsaw decided Close completely Its border with Belarus, even more hardening the posture against its eastern neighbors. What changes now. The fact that Poland has used kinetic means to reduce Russian drones inside its airs Exercise active defense. If you want, this redefines your response threshold: from this moment, any unidentified and hostile profile can be treated As immediate threat. In terms of deterrence, the message is sent to Moscow that the “navigation errors”, collateral probes or saturations will no longer have zero cost. In terms aliancistasTest in real conditions the integrated air defense architecture NATO on the eastern flank. Risk and management. The use of Polish fire against Russian objects raises the potential of Friction on three levels: Tactical (more interceptions and greater probability of fragmentation on populated areas), operational (expansion of confrontation rules and greater density of aerial patrols) and strategic (Russian diplomatic or military response, including propaganda and mirror measures in Kalinningrad and Beelorusia). In addition, the coincidence with Zapad exercises increases the danger of Malinterpretation: Training flights, air targets or lures can be confused with real threats. Mitigation requires positive identification protocols, clear red lines and active distrust channels, ideally backed by shared early alerts and previous notifications of exercises. Article 5 and a theory. Although an isolated demolition of drones does not active per se Article 5, does press the debate on the “threshold” of armed aggression. Poland can argue legitimate defense (Art. 51 of the UN Letter) Before repeated incursions that put infrastructure or population at risk. If it was demonstrated that Russian platforms were deliberately directed to transit or attack in NATO territory, the case for consultations of article 4 (and, in significant damage scenarios or victims, for 5) it is reinforced. Moscow, aware of this, can intensify ambiguity: drones with erratic flight plan, lures or minimal loads to maintain that kind of “gray zone”. The allied response, therefore, must be graduated, documented and legally solid. Image | Nato North Atlantic, 7th Army Training Command, In Xataka | The Ukrainian army that is not afraid of Russia. They arrive as outdated machines and become robots for war In Xataka | Something unprecedented in Ukraine is happening: combat drones do not need humans to coordinate and attack

AI agents can not only plan your vacation from beginning to end. They are also the greatest threat to Booking and company

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With the generative andn decelerationAI agents run like The next great revolution of the sector. Unlike a chatbot to which we ask something and respond, an agent is able to carry out complex tasks autonomously. The first reaction was to see them as A threat to many jobs. Expectations have fallen because technology is still quite greenbut there is a sector in which the threat seems very real and is already preparing for what can come. The threat. Travel planning is one of the fields in which an AI agent can be very practical. In fact, he was part of the demonstration of Chatgpt agentin which they asked him to organize assistance to a wedding and the agent organized the entire plan, including looking for flights and hotels. If an agent does everything for us, this could leave flight seekers and hotels out of play that act as intermediaries and take a commission for it. If you can’t with the enemy … They tell it in Financial Times. Online travel platforms are beginning to implement functions with AI in their portals. This is the case of Airbnb, which already implemented an AI agent in its customer service and plans to expand it to more areas of its app to make the most automatic experience. Booking signed an agreement with OpenAI to automate services and launch its own travel planner adjusted based on platform data. Expedia also integrated Openai technology and is working on an agent. Hotels and airlines. Unlike online agencies, both the hotel sector and the airlines see with good eyes the arrival of AI agents. If customers hire them directly with them, they would save the Commissions that in the case of the hotel sector is around 20%. Of course, nothing guarantees that these alleged agents do not implement other types of commission system for each hired trip. For Hotrec, the European hotel association, AI agents have potential, but can end up replicating the platform model and generating a new dependency cycle. A lot of at stake. We talk about a business that, according to Financial Times, moves 1.6 billion dollars a year worldwide. The leader travel agency is Booking, which In 2024 he billed 24,000 million dollarsfollowed by Expedia with 10,000 million dollars. The irruption of agents in business can threaten their domain by offering more options to consumers. Nervous. Last year, researchers from the University of Ohio They tested the capabilities of several AI models When planning trips and only achieved a 0.6%success rate. Although agricultural AI has improved, we have recently seen that It still has a long way to go. However, nervousness among those responsible for these platforms is evident. Jochen Koedijk, Expenditure Marketing Director, believes that online agencies have an advantage because they have many data on user behavior. “We know what it sells and what is not. That is the proposal of really important value,” he says. Glenn Fogel, Booking CEO, it’s clearer: “I’m not so dumb as it doesn’t worry me.” Image | Web Summit, via Flickr In Xataka | AI has become the best example that if you don’t pay for the product, you are the product

Microsoft has just made the greatest investment in its history. And not in Openai, but in an unknown Dutch company

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Nebius Group, an unknown company based in Amsterdam, has signed a surprising multiannual agreement worth $ 19.4 billion with Microsoft. It is in fact the largest investment ever made by the firm of Redmond, and the question, of course, is why. What is Nebius Group. The company was founded in 1989 as Yandex NV, Yandex’s legal matrix, the well -known search engine that was a rival of Google in Russia. After the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, Nebius Group Yandex sold to a group of Russian investorschanged his name to the current one and focused on a key segment: that of artificial intelligence. Data centers to power. Specifically, in the field of servers and data centers. Since then Nebius Group has been dedicated to providing cloud infrastructure for companies that develop and run AI models. Your rivals They are companies such as Coreweave, Crusoe or Lambda Labs, which are a step below the “hyperscators”, Aws, Azure, Google Cloud or Oracle. The agreement. In it Document registered in the SEC The US indicates that Nebius will yield the computing capacity of the GPUS of its data centers in varisa phases this year and the one that comes, and that the total value of the contract will be 17.4 billion until 2031, with an option for Microsoft to extend those services worth 2,000 million additional dollars. Microsoft cloud reinforcement. The agreement will allow Microsoft to access the computing resources available to Nebius in its Vineland Data Center (New Jersey, USA). It is a movement clearly for solve the shortage of resources that is coming when managing AI workloads: more and more users make use of this type of technology and Microsoft current data centers have a limited capacity. More than OpenAi. The operation is even greater than the one that Redmond’s firm He did in Openai Estimated at $ 13,000. This alliance has allowed Microsoft to have exclusive access to OpenAi’s models and reuse them in the form of its Copilot platform. Meanwhile, Openai has been able to use the Microsoft infrastructure to train and serve those same models to the general public. Nebius rises to the beast in the stock market. The agreement has triggered the value of Nebius’s shares, which had already folded their value in what we had been, but after the news They have grown 60%. The effect is contagious, because one of its srival, Coreweave, has also risen 5% in the stock market without having made any announcement: it has simply become possible candidate for Microsoft or any other large company to invest in its services soon. European taste centers. Although it has roots in Russia, Nebius seems to want to leave that past behind to settle definitively in the European Union. The company current account with five data centers: three operations (Helsinki, New Jersey and Kansas City) and two in development (Keflavik, in Iceland, and Paris). The focus on the installation of data centers in European territory is clear, as these last two projects in full development demonstrate. Another great “European” unicorn. After the creation of its Data Center in Paris – which will presume to have N200 N200 chips – Nebius announced its intention to invest more than 1,000 million dollars in mid -2025 in its AI infrastructure in Europe. Its new data centers in Paris and Iceland demonstrate that vocation, and the company is managing to capitalize on that commitment to AI. It is undoubtedly one of the last protagonists of the European technological scene, which little by little begins to raise alternatives. Freepik did it in Spainthey have done it Mistral and ASML with its unique agreement This week, and now Nebius does. Image | Nebius In Xataka | The ASML-Mistral alliance reveals the European plan B: if we cannot manufacture chips, we will at least control how they are manufactured

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