Extreme

Marathons are so extreme that our brain makes drastic decisions, as how to consume itself

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Running a marathon implies a considerable effort that can lead to our body to its limits. Of course, our brain is no exception in this regard. Effects on neurons. A new study has shown how marathons affect the structure of neurons. Specifically, the study responsible for the study found that this type of career Reduces myelina layer layer that covers these brain cells. This substance It is composed of proteins and fatty substances. Myelin Surround the axons, elongated parts of a neuron that connect it with other neurons and through which nerve impulses are transmitted. That is why its deterioration can make nerve impulses slow down, something we see in people with multiple sclerosis. High consumption. The energy consumption of the brain is very high if we take as reference its mass, Explain the responsible team From the new study: this organ consumes 20% of the energy of our body despite representing approximately 2% of its weight. The team wanted to find out what happened with an organ as avid to consume energy in extreme situations as a marathon. In reserve. And it is that these types of contexts force our body to take drastic measures for subsistence. Prolonged exercise, for example, can make our body exhaust its carbohydrate reserves, the primary source of body energy. The following energy reserve is in the fat we store. Already in extreme cases, our body can dissolve muscle proteins to obtain this energy, explains the equipment. As the team observed, this translates into the consumption of myelin that covers neurons. This reduction occurred in an important part of the gray and white matter of the brain and that, although some regions were more affected than others, the impact did spread similarly in the two cerebral hemispheres. “The results of our study indicate that nerve cells in conditions of hypoglycemia (little glucose) use alternative energy sources, such as myelin, a fat structure that surrounds the axons or nerve fibers that communicate the neurons and facilitates the ultra rapid propagation of the electrical signals,” Explain in a press release Carlos Matute, co -author of the study. Magnetic resonances. To carry out the study, the team made various resonances Magnetic to a dozen of marathon runners. They repeated these resonances on several occasions: the day before and the day after the race, two weeks and two months later. The details of the study have been published recently In an article In the magazine Nature Metabolism. A reversible change. The good news is that this change is reversible. The study itself showed how at two months, the myelin of the runners’ neurons recovered their usual levels. Uncertain impact. The study found a deterioration of myelin but for now we do not know how or to what degree this deterioration translated into effects on the cognitive functions of the brain. We know that the absence of myelin is linked to severe neurological disorders such as sclerosis. In Xataka | More and more people participate in popular marathons. Science knows that going as optimistic has its risks Image | Mārtiņš Zemlickis / Imgmidi

The United States has been sunk in an extreme increase in eggs. Spain now faces the same problem

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No, they are not your impressions. Prepare an tortilla is more expensive today than only a few months ago. After experimenting A price increase Between August and December 2024 in the EU set, egg cards have risen again in recent days clearlyas noted The Observatory FACUA PRICE OR THE SERVICES OF Toledo and Bellpuig. Behind that trend there are a number of key factors and especially a great question: what can we expect from now on? More expensive eggs? The data of the observatory FACUA PRICE AND THE SERVICES OF Toledo either Bellpuig They show it clearly: after The climb Price scored already during the second half of 2024, the eggs have become more expensive. The percentage It can vary of one chain to anotherbut at the beginning of March the consumer organization registered increases in the price of the eggs of up to 25%. Meanwhile, the Catalan Lonja or the Toledo also scored price increases that have become 8 or 14 centsdepending on the type of product. What is the reason? Better talk about reasons, in the plural. The first key is the demand itself. The sector has registered an increase that already goes back to 2024with one 8% risefar superior to that noted by meat or refrigerated. It is not strange. During the Inflationist scenarios Consumers look for cheaper options, such as eggs, a protein source economic. With that backdrop the farms have also had to deal with a series of factors that affect their costs: The end of bonuses in the electricity bill and an increase in labour and the grain In recent years. The sector has warned of impact that will have the regulation that aims to eliminate the cages. Are the only factors? No. The analysis On egg prices usually point out another key: the ghost of the avian flu that hits especially to the USplunged into what has already been baptized as “ovoflation”marked by scarcity and record prices. In January the Average price From a dozen category to category, it was about $ 4.95, well above of what is charged in Spain. In recent weeks the seven euros. Here the Ministry of Agriculture and Food declared early year the high risk of aviar flu and activated An order that applied preventive measures in the most exposed areas. At that time, the EU Official Gazette warned that Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Poland and Portugal had notified outbreaks. Where does the demand come from? In its last analysis of the market the Toledo Business Federation (Fedeto) a determining factor to understand the drift of prices in Spain: demand, both the national and the arrival of outside our borders. “Egg consumption remains high in homes and in industry”, Precise The collective, which appreciates a general climb in the contributions of all sizes, especially L and M. “Export is maintained to European center countries, where diminished production does not serve to meet the needs of demand,” duck. According to the Spanish Association of Egg Producers (ASEPRHU), at least in recent years Between 15 and 20% From the table eggs of Spain they have ended up exporting. Their main destinations: France, Portugal and the Netherlands. And the United States? In full “ovoflation” The US is looking for different ways of satisfying its demand and lowering prices, which happens in part, according to I recently advanced The New York Timesto bring them from abroad. A few weeks ago the newspaper said that the US is already probing several countries to ensure the short -term supply, although without specifying which. The largest source of eggs imported to the country is its neighbor Canadafollowed by Netherlands and United Kingdom. Recently the CNN chain pointed out, however, that one of the country’s great support is now being Türkiye, which plans to export 420 million From eggs to the US this year, a record mark. And what about Spain? The flow of eggs between the US and the EU is usually scarce and in fact, EFE clarifiesthe US authorities allow only the entry of European egg in the shell for transformation into ovoproduct, not for direct consumption. In the specific case of Spain, exports to the US barely pass the 100 tons per year, which represents only 0.1% of the export volume of Spain, more focused on the European Union. With all the newspaper Last minute I pointed A few days ago, Spanish products are preparing to send eggs to the US after verifying that the US has “shown interest” in their product. Moreover, he assures that in an internal circular Federovo claims to be making efforts to process export certificates. In 2015, in a similar situation, the US resorted to the EU, although the sector ensures that the scenario is different today, with a solid domestic market. Images | Alex Barth (Flickr) and Open Grid Scheduler / Grid Engine (Flickr) In Xataka | Eggs are so expensive in the United States that there are people opting for a desperate solution: rent chickens

A Japanese restaurant has brought its obsession with fresh fish to the extreme: it allows you to fish yourself

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Visiting Japan is immersing yourself in a country where the traditional and modern coexist in harmony. Its big cities combine futuristic skyscrapers and streets full of neon lights with millenary temples that have resisted the passage of time. In any walk through its streets, it is inevitable to find restaurants where fish is the absolute protagonist. And it’s no accident: in Japan, Fish has been a pillar of its gastronomy for centuries. Here, the menu is not requested, fishing. If you think you’ve seen everything about freshness, Japan always has more to offer. There are restaurants where chefs personally select the best fish on the market every day, but what if instead of waiting for them to serve you, is you who fish it? In Osaka, about five hours from the center of Tokyo, there is a place where the menu is not chosen, it is captured at the time. Our protagonist bears the name of “ジャンボ釣船つり吉”, which could be translated into Spanish as “Great Tsurikichi fishing ship.” As we can see in Google Maps screen capture, it is far from the bustle of the great avenues of the Asian city, and is immediately distinguished by its facade decorated with a fishing boat and posters with large Japanese characters that tell us what we will find inside. As explained on your websitewhen crossing the restaurant door the first thing will be to check the letter and choose the fish we want. Once decided, the staff will give us the right equipment, be it a fishing cane or a salabre, and will guide us to the fishing area. In that pond, where fish swim outside of their destiny, true experience begins. They assure that it is an apt challenge for all ages. After fishing, it is time to enjoy food in one of the four rooms available. We can choose between Tatami type seats in a ship -shaped area or, if we prefer something more conventional, tables with western -style chairs. Now, suppose we are ready to live this experience. How much will it cost us? It is time to take a look at the letter and calculate the budget. How much does this experience cost? When planning the expense, the first thing we should consider is that the price is based on the entire fish that we catch. Thus, a red kissing costs 3,124 yen (about 19.50 euros), a sole has a price of 2,840 yen (approximately 18 euros) and a listing juris rises to 4,980 yen (around 31 euros). Once the piece fish, we must choose how we want to prepare it to us, which is an additional cost. For example, a frying with Ponzu adds 300 yen (about 1.90 euros) to the final price. In addition, if we want to accompany our dish with seafood, we must take into account that they do not have a fixed price. In this case, the staff will weigh and inform us of the cost before preparing them. Marketing, Tourism and Gastronomy. It is no secret that Japanese gastronomy is rich and diverse, with fish and rice as fundamental pillars for centuries. However, many of the dishes that we consider today representative of Japan, and that have crossed borders, are not the result of a centenary tradition, but of relatively recent adaptations. Without going any further, until the 1990s, no one in Japan ate sushi with raw salmon. It was a marketing campaign that made it a standard, more than an entrenched custom. But tourists continue to come in mass in Japan in search of a unique experience. And there is no doubt that the country has much to offer, especially in the gastronomic field. However, not everything is good news, neither for the premises nor for those who visit it. An ingredient as essential as rice suffered a remarkable crisis: in full tourist boom, The shortage shot prices and led some restaurants to pay anything to stock up. When what matters is the show. Eating typical dishes in Japan has its charm, but restaurants have found ways to go further, especially when the goal is to attract tourists willing to spend on experiences. The possibility of fishing your own food in a place set as a ship is not only a gastronomic option, but a claim designed to turn dinner into a show that seduces both visitors and premises. {“Videid”: “X8D7XNV”, “Autoplay”: False, “Title”: “Tricks to travel cheaper- Drinking tea is something that can be done anywhere in the world, But attending a tea ceremony is another story. In Japan, this ritual has become an attraction for tourists looking for more than a simple infusion. The experience is not limited to drinking tea, but extends for hours, with different varieties and meals included. Something that originally had a deep cultural significance is now also sold as an experience for the visitor wanting to spend. But the show does not end there. If tea is not enough, there are always more options to live Japan in a big way: geisha shows perfectly choreographed for the tourist, high exhibitions where tradition and show intermingle, and the Bunraku puppet theater, a cultural element that continues to find its place in a country where more and more things become attractions for the photo. A HAND FOR MOUNT FUJI. To promote other forms of tourism in Japan could be one of the keys to decongest Mount Fuji, a place that for centuries was a symbol of spirituality and personal improvement, but today dealt with massification and its consequences. What was previously an intimate journey has become a crowded tour of hikers, with tails on the top and an environment that is increasingly feeling the weight of uncontrolled tourism. In Xataka Japan has put a spicy in Spain in a peculiar way: with a "Madrid Osaka" In a town of 93 inhabitants To mitigate the impact, The government has begun to take action: daily visitor limits have been established and an online reservation system has been … Read more

After 48 years, Voyager probes are running out of plutonium. So NASA has taken extreme measures

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The emblematic Voyager 1 space probes and Voyager 2, launched almost 50 years ago, are running out of energy. In order not to lose them, NASA has made the decision to turn off two other instruments to extend its useful life. One less instrument in each Voyager. Last February 25, NASA reveals nowthe mission team turned off the cosmic rays subsystem of the Voyager 1 probe, which studied high -energy particles in the interstellar space. The instrument has been doing science all this time and in 2020 allowed first How electrons from the sun accelerate when bouncing in shock waves as they move outside the solar system. Voyager 1 is the object manufactured by humans that is farther from earth and that has been going into the interstellar space more time. On March 24, NASA will also turn off the instrument that measures low -energy loaded particles in the Voyager 2. These movements seek to reduce the energy consumption of the probes, which depend on a radioisotope generator whose plutonium is running out. Both lose about 4 watts of power every year. There are hardly any operational instruments. NASA has been turning off the functions of the Voyager to prolong your useful life. Of the 10 scientific instruments Originals, only three will continue to function in each of the twin probes, one of them for just a few months: The magnetometer: measures the strength and direction of the magnetic field in the confines of the solar system, helping to understand how the magnetic field of the sun and the magnetic field of interstellar space interact The plasma wave subsystem: detects electromagnetic and plasma waves, providing information on the density and plasma temperature in interstellar space In the Voyager 1, the instrument of low -energy loaded particles, which NASA plans to also deactivate at the end of 2025. In the Voyager 2, the cosmic rays subsystem, which will remain operational until 2026 A growing repair history. In May 2024, after six months without receiving legible scientific data due to the degradation of the internal memory of Voyager 1, NASA achieved restore information through a complex (And almost heroic) Software update. It had already passed in 2010 with Voyager 2, but on that occasion It was solved With a restart. Not only memory is failing. In September 2024, engineers had to light secondary propellants of the Voyager 1, inactive for decades, to correct the orientation of the probe due to an obstruction of its main engines, also the result of its longevity. The procedure implied careful temporal heating of inactive engines, but was successful and allowed to continue with the mission. NASA expects them to reach 2030. Suzanne Dodd, head of the Voyager project, said in a statement that turning off instruments is a crucial step to avoid the “premature” purpose of the mission. Thanks to these adjustments, both ships could continue to send scientific information at least until the 2030s, although with a progressive reduction of their abilities. As for the “premature”: the Voyager have widely overcome their original mission, whose initial plan was to explore Jupiter and Saturn. Thanks to excellence in their engineering and these constant adjustments, the ships have continued to work beyond what is expected, revealing unique information about interstellar space and heliopause, the region where the solar wind loses its influence. Images | POT In Xataka | The rescue of Voyager 1 has begun. With 8 kb of memory, a programming language of 1957 and an unimportant LAG

LG wants to take the customization of TV to the extreme and has found its best ally at AFO

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With the importance of streaming, Choose a SMART TV with a quality operating system It is not trivial and it is no novelty that Webos LG is one of the best. Based on Linux, the SO implemented by the Korean firm stands out for its fluidity and ease of use thanks to an attractive and agile interface, as we have been able to verify over the years in our analysis of models as remarkable as the LG QNED87, LG OLED C3 either LG Signature Oled M. The latest version of the operating system of LG is webos 25 and we have had the opportunity to try it now in the New Korean firm’s teles for 2025. However, it should be remembered that LG offers a five -year update supportso there will be other models of previous generations that can enjoy this update Following the brand’s calendar. Webos 25 arrives full of artificial intelligence and more personalization New LG TVs by 2025 with its renewed command, Remote Control AI Those who are familiar with Webos The image of this new version will be familiar to them as long as LG has opted for Maintain an intuitive design and interfaceusing cards that are placed in the lower area of ​​the screen, which in turn can reorganize to taste. It also allows to close applications and keep them in the background to recover them quickly from the lower bar. This SO It has serial activated advertising which will also continue in the latest version, although as always, it can be withdrawn (from ‘additional configuration’> ‘Home promotions’). And once the bases are cooling, the news arrives. The profiles and everything that can be done with them It is one of the great novelties of Webos. Taking into account that the normal thing is that the TV is used by several people, if we give the relevant permits, it will generate different personalized starting screens according to our tastes, adjustments and content preferences. Thus, each profile will have its own applications (they can be hidden for other people, but not eliminate: in that case they are deleted for everyone), suggestions and recommendations and tells us where we have stayed in that specific content. Although it can be chosen through command, it is not necessary since is able to recognize who is through voice by Voice ID. A concrete example of Personalization through profiles It is that of the ‘Sports’ section, where for example we can tell you what team we are so that it shows us content of ‘My team’ and related suggestions, such as Highlights YouTube videos and interviews or when the next game will be. This customization experience It is not limited to content consumption, but it reaches all the layers of webos 25. If we go to the games section we can see which titles we play and what are our achievements and on the home hub screen for home automation we can also control the compatible devices connected and execute certain routines. Nevertheless, Webos 25’s great novelty is artificial intelligencewhich will be present in the most diverse tasks ranging from the optimization of image and sound quality, accessibility adjustments, recommendations and even conversations with natural language and contextualization through the button of the AI ​​remote control, remote control AI. Thus, it is enough to hold that button to Start talking to TV naturally. Thus, you can ask things like what was the last film we saw, content recommended based on certain preferences (yes, limited to platforms with which it collaborates for this function) or until it tells you to suggest films where New York comes out, since we have planned a trip close to that American city. LG has also integrated an entertaining and different function, the generative ai gallery, a way of generating images through AI on the quite paint but limited television itself. Experience is somewhat slower than navigation without more but equally moderately fluid and contextualization is good. But beyond recommendations, on a practical level The most differential of AI is that you solve problems. For example, you can tell you that you see the screen too dark and that TV itself helps you adjust it for a better viewing or directly, that optimizes the configuration. Although the total deployment of the artificial intelligence of Webos 25 is necessary to have a state -of -the -art model with its remote control, LG has integrated Microsoft Copilot For a more general task: the search for information through the Internet. Cover | Eva Rodríguez de Luis In Xataka | Better televisions in quality Price: which to buy and seven recommended 4K 4K 4K

There are influencers chaining marathons for “solidarity.” Doubt is whether extreme sport really serves for that

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Seven marathons in Seven consecutive days distributed throughout the planet, three races of 40 kilometers run in just day and a halfcomplete two Ironman In terms of a monthchain marathons non-stop Throughout a week … it sounds for science fiction version fitnessbut they are all real challenges assumed over the last months (or years) by athletes from Spain, in some cases with amateur profile. And almost all share two characteristics, in addition to the physical impact that they entail for them: a great visibility and a solidarity approach. Those who assume these careers of races often do so to raise funds that then dedicate to medical research, but with each test they are driving a few questions: do these tests make sense, beyond the one who wants to give each athlete? How do they affect your health? Are they just performances? Kilome -free bar. There are those who demonstrate their solidarity becoming a volunteer collaborator of an NGO, who donates clothes or food and who weers the shoes, goes out (or takes a plane) and is running kilometers as if there were no tomorrow. Examples are a few and, precisely because of the great echo they achieve, a simple search on Google arrives to find them. In 2020 a Basque set out to run A triathlon per month In a square to get funds for an electric chair, in 2021 another Madrid triathlete He decided to chain Two Iroman in a month to support the fight against cancer already finally 2024 Coach He commented with his plans to complete three times in a row one of the toughest ironman on the planet to, among other things, help “become aware of the true human potential,” in his own words. Are there more cases? Yes. Those above are just a handful of examples taken from a quick search on Google, but there are more, enough. A Catalan athlete has set out to run seven marathons in a week (about 295 km) to get funds for the ELA and a few days ago a influencer Extreme Sports A fan, Valentí Sanjuan, completed Another test Same amazing: he ran five consecutive marathons on five continents to finance the fight against childhood cancer. “I ran three marathons in a day and a half almost without sleep. It was hard,” explained to The newspaper After finishing the challenge, which culminated on Saturday in the center of Barcelona. A similar approach had The challenge than the too influencer Sergio Turull (pitufolow) assumed a few months ago: he went through Spain from top to bottom, from rate to Cap de Creus, in In infarction timewhich demanded that he assume some 65 kilometers a day. In addition to testing your personal abilities, the challenge sought to raise funds to fight childhood cancer. The case of Verdeliss. If there is a media example and that has achieved repercussion, it is however that of Verdelissbusinesswoman, influencermother of eight children and athlete who recently finished an equally extreme challenge: chanting seven marathons in seven days organized in different corners of the world, from Dubai to Perth, Antarctica and Miami, passing through the Spanish capital. The test was also accompanied by a message with solidarity dyes: the idea was to give visibility and gather funds to investigate A rare disease. But … Is money collected? Yes. The challenges give visibility to the causes that will lead and, at least in the most media cases, serve to raise funds. For example, in ‘My grain of sand’ it can be seen that Sanjuan has raised 20,400 euroswell above the 10,000 that had been marked as a goal, and Verdeliss’s challenge would have translated into 35,000 euros For a girl with Menke-Hennekan syndrome. As for Turull, I would have achieved some 58,000 euros. There are even more striking cases, such as the British corridor Gary McKeeprobably the most extreme of all. In fact he has won the nickname of ‘Marathon Man’. The BBC counts How he managed to raise one million pounds touring a route of 42 kilometers each and every one of the days of 2022, often before joining his work. It was polished 20 pairs of shoes. The approach was again solidary: money is collection For Macmillian Cancer Support and West Cumbria Hospice At Home and in fact the athlete has received remarkable recognition and the thanks of relatives with cancer. Solidarity (and something else). The big question is … to what extent are these challenges effective as fundraising campaigns? Do they have more implications? Do they compensate for the impact of the tests on the runners? The undeniable thing is that in cases such as Verdeliss, in which the protagonist is a influencerthe challenge has another consequence: expands clearly Its visibility and media impact, reinforcing an exhibition that is already considerable in networks. In the case of the Basque athlete, before even the running shoes, It transcended that its marathons would star in a documentary for Movistar Plus. Sanjuan Explain who has recorded another for Prime Video and Turull’s career have also been Video captured. The three add thousands of followers in Instagram either YouTubewhich gives more visibility to your deeds. The key: money. Another key is the cost that the challenges and funds that collect. Sanjuan explains, for example, that during his last challenge he had to sleep on flights low cost, And he says: “It has cost us the return to the world 2,800 euros.” “He ate what they gave us on the plane and slept in tiny seats.” In the case of Verdeliss the intercontinental challenge, which implied several flights, was made within the framework of the World Marathon Challengea circuit that demands considerable payment from participants. The mail assures That the Basque has disbursed around 39,000 euros, although she guarantees: “Everything leaves my pocket.” Between them they gathered more than 50,000 euros for their respective solidarity causes, but it is also true that there are other solidarity actions, such as auctionscollections or Exhibitionsthat gather thousands of euros without … Read more

The extreme cold has not touched Spain for two years and experts fear that we are about to see a third. With all that implies

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Spring is just around the corner and, we like it or not, this means that we can start drawing conclusions. The first is that every minute that passes is more likely to finish winter without seeing any “cold wave.” And that is not even what most worries meteorologists. Because the real problem is that it would be the second consecutive winter without cold waves and a third would be at hand. With all that this entails. Isn’t it a bit precipitated to give the winter for dead? The truth is not. Although this week an extremely cold mass of air will cover a good part of Europe, Spain will escape from it. And on March 1 (which is when climate spring begins) is very close to be able to house realistic hopes about an extreme cold episode. And, in the background, what we are going to see this week summarizes very well what has been going on two winters: we have not suffered powerful cold irruptions. They have all stayed north. It is a story that is repeated again and again. But it’s not so weird either, right? That is true. The cold episodes become more and more rare in Spain. In fact, this January can only be described as very warm (Although we have suffered a handful of cold nights). A example that Roberto Granda puts It is that of Molina de Aragón. The average minimum between 1991 and 2020 is -3.3º, but this year it has been at -0.3. The data speak for themselves. In the end, As I pointed out A few years ago our partner Javier Pastor, “is not that it is very cold now, it is that we do not do it because it is no longer so common.” With this in mind, the question begins to be … how long can this last? “Unusual and worrying.” That is, what would happen if the winter of 2026 is still on the same line? The answer, According to Samuel Biener de Meteoredit is summarized in those two words: “Unusual and worrying.” Because we have documented other consecutive warm winters (those of 97 and 98, those of 2000 and 2001 or those of 2023 and 14); But we have not seen three consecutive yet. And we know it will arrive. Because, As Biener points outwarm winters are being increasingly frequent. It is a matter of time that we fit three. And what is the problem? More than a problem (that too), we talk about a fear: that warm winters stop being an anomaly and become the norm. That change is a large-scale disruption of the country’s socio-ecological system. It is no accident that, a few months after the drought, The data begin to be so bad. Again. Not only climatic pressures They hit us stronger than everthe thing is They don’t let us replenish. And that will lead us to the edge of the precipice again and again. Yes it’s true. The current climate is full of paradoxes: Historical ice minimums live with snow maximumstudies on The weakening of the Gulf current They coexist with others that point to nothing has changed in substantial terms and thus a long etcetera. However, there is something that Yes we know is that we are vulnerable And if we don’t prepare ourselves, Let’s be much more. Image | ECMWF In Xataka | Spain faces the driest climate in its last 1,200 years. The fault is the Azores Islands

They had an extreme climate chaos

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If we say Transylvania, the historical region of the center of Romania, possibly the first thing that comes to mind are vampires or Dracula’s castle that Bram Stoker raised after his 1897 novel. We have already told him, in any case, myths about vampires They come from a real blood disorderbut if the people really feared Transilvano It was not his legends, it was something tangible they suffered in their flesh. An unprecedented climate chaos. Transylvania newspaper: chaos. A team of researchers in Romania has analyzed Historical documents 500 years ago to rebuild climatic effects of the Small ice age In Transylvania. This global cooling period, which covered from the fourteenth century to the mid -nineteenth century, brought hungry, pests and social conflicts throughout Europe. However, the newspapers and chronicles of the time have revealed unknown details. The writings suggest that their effects were not simultaneous in all regions. The findings, Published in Frontiers In Climate magazinehighlight how the inhabitants of Transylvania experienced and responded to drastic and chaotic climatic changes. The small ice age. To get an idea, The small ice age It was a period in which the average temperature of the northern hemisphere It descended approximately 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit (0.6 degrees Celsius). Although the exact causes are still discussed, it is believed that factors such as the decrease in solar activity, the increase in volcanism and alterations in atmospheric circulation contributed to this phenomenon. In several parts of the world, glaciers advanced and crops failed, which caused famines and revolts. In other regions, climate chaos even fed the persecution of legends like witchessince people were looking for guilty to explain their suffering. The study newspaper Historical documents to the climate past. Scientists often rebuild the climate of the past from natural archives, as ice coressediment samples and pollen records. However, these called as files of societywhich include chronicles, inscriptions and daily, offer a human perspective on how these events were lived. In The specific studyThe researchers examined documents written by people who lived in the Transylvania of the 16th century. The records indicate that the first half of the century was unusually warm and dry. A 1540 testimony describes an extreme drought: “The springs dried, and the rivers were reduced to small water threads. The cattle fell in the fields and the air was loaded with despair while people gathered in processions, praying for rain. ” A story that illustrates the deep emotional and spiritual impact of extreme climatic conditions. The second half of the century brought heavy rains and a flood of floods, especially in the 1590s. Interestingly, while other parts of Europe already experienced a strong cooling associated with the small ice age, transilvan documents record that The extreme heat was more frequent than the cold. This suggests that global cooling could have been manifested later in this region, a hypothesis backed by subsequent writings that mention severe winters and cold waves. Climatic catastrophes and transformations. Following the text revealed by scientists, Extreme climatic fluctuations triggered chain disastersincluding black plague outbreaks, prolonged famine and lobster invasions that devastated agriculture. To be more exact, 30 years of plague, 23 years of famine and nine years of lobster invasions. Scientists suggest that these events They could have influenced the settlement patterns of the region. How the people of Transylvania responded. The study indicates that The inhabitants of Transylvania could have responded to these climatic challenges with changes in their infrastructure and agricultural strategies. Some cities probably adopted flood -resistant constructions or migrated to more favorable areas. Also Climate instability may promote technological innovationsas improvements in food irrigation and storage systems. Limitations and value of documents. Despite its value, the work presents certain limitations. For example and as the researchers remember, the low literacy rate in the 16th century implies that These documents mainly reflect the perspective of an educated elite. In addition, records are fragmented and can be subjective, limited to local experiences. However, the authors emphasize that The combination of natural archives and historical writings is essential to understand the impact of the climate In human history. Analyzing how the societies of the past faced extreme climatic events not only allows to rebuild the past, but also offers clues about how current and future climatic changes could affect modern communities. Image | Gaceu et al., 2024. Pexels, Hersson Piratoba In Xataka | In 536 the sun began to shine less than the moon. The small ice age began then began In Xataka | A meteorological phenomenon is the only thing that separates Europe from its next “ice age”: amoc

Reaching extreme thinness is the next trend in smartphones. The question is … for what?

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Samsung Galaxy S25 Edge. This is the most mysterious member of the S25 family, one that comes with extreme thinness as the main ally. After leaking some of his Key specificationseverything indicates that the final thickness of the device will be less than six millimeters. A rather spectacular design in response to a phone that has not yet left (like that is the smartphones market) but that already seems a reality: the iPhone 17 Air. The obsession with extreme thinness will be a trend in 2025. The questions are why and for whom. Samsung has advanced. He iPhone 17 Air It has been rumored for months and with quite consistent information. Except for surprise, Apple will present a new model specifically focused on the thin world. The key is that this will not happen foreseeably until September 2025, and Samsung wanted to advance. In January, together with Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra, Samsung Galaxy S25+ and Samsung Galaxy S25, advanced the design of the Samsung Galaxy S25 Edge. A thinner phone than the rest of his brothers. But little else. The commitment. Manufacture a extremely thin telephone It has consequences, and they are never positive if we talk about hardware. The leaks tell us about less than 4,000mAh for the S25 Edge, a figure we had without seeing for years. For more miracles that are achieved with optimization, the battery capacity looks very diminished. And this is the main debate and point with thinness: if we prefer a thin mobile with less battery or thicker with plenty of battery. According to the feedback of the xatakers and the mobile requests they usually make, the battery is always a priority. Delgadeness, no. In fact, I remember that after the great reduction of thickness that brought the goodbye of the rounded design (iPhone 11), the rest of the models were growing in thickness and with it, in Mah. He iPhone 14 It was thicker than the iPhone 13and the iPhone 13 was thicker than the iPhone 12. Each and every one of these generations won MAH, and complaints with thinness were … zero. What will happen to the iPhone Air. The Galaxy S25 Edge has had to officially give up a camera, and unofficially (according to leaks) to the battery of his older brothers. The iPhone 17 Air, except for surprise with the implementation of a large-capacity carbon-silege battery, will be a phone with less autonomy than its brothers from the iPhone 17 family. Nor are we clear if it will mount the same camera sensor and Pro lenses of the PRO Models and, if so, Apple will not be easy to continue improving the size of this hardware if the body must be smaller and smaller. In other words, it is currently not possible that two phones, one being thicker than the other, have the same potential at the hardware level. There are battles to be resolved, such as The increasingly durable batteries either The increasingly bright screens But that of increasingly thin mobiles is one, perhaps, inception. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Where are not the mobiles: we thought that innovating was the way but we were very wrong

To survive in Europe, our Paleolithic ancestors turned to an extreme practice: cannibalism

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More and more evidence is that our ancestors resorted, at least occasionally, to cannibalism. We are not speaking in this case of other human species, such as Neanderthals, who could have practiced dozens or hundreds of thousands of years but also Homo sapiensthat had already become the only humans in Europe and the rest of the world. New tests. A recent study led by researchers from the Catalan Institut of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolved (IPHES-CERCA) He has shown New indications of cannibalism among humans. They found them in the Polish site of the Maszycka cave, whose remains would go back about 18,000 years ago. Europe in the Magdaleniense. This places the finding in the context of the Magdalenian period in Europe. This period that owes its name to the French site of the Madeleine covers various European settlements between 19,000 and 14,000 years old, they explain in An article for The conversation Some of the members of the study responsible for the study: Francesc Marginedas Miró, Antonio Rodriguez-Hidalgo and Palmira Saladié Ballesté, researchers from the IPHES-CERCA and CSIC. The period follows an era of important changes in Europe, mainly derived from the end of the last era era. The ice setback left behind an ideal environment for a change in ecosystems, and with it the expansion to the north of modern humans. From burial to the table. As the team continues, the Magdaleniense, to others of his cave paintings, also stands out for careful funeral rites, burials “with care and offerings”, at least for some of his dead. Because to others what expected them was the flint of the tools with which they were expired. 63 bones. The new analysis studied more than fifty remains found in the Polish Cave of Maszycka, located near Cracovia. They belonged to half a dozen individuals, both adults and children. The remains found together with animal remains and many with signs of having been manipulated. Despite this, the hypothesis that this manipulation responded to simple funeral rites had not been ruled out. The new analysis has incorporated new 3D microscopy techniques in the study of brands, which has allowed distinguishing brands caused by humans from others, such as those that would have caused other carnivores. “The location and frequency of cutting marks and intentional fracturing in skelet added in a press release Marginedas. The details of the work were published In an article In the magazine Scientific Reports. To the core. The study revealed other details that can give us some clues of the context in which this consumption of human flesh was produced. For example, the team points out, the bodies were prosecuted shortly after death, thus avoiding the decomposition of tissues. In Xataka | We have been looking for the mysterious ancestor town of the Indo -Europeans. We have a new track in DNA Image | IPhes-Cerca

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