Europe

Europe wants to lead chips research of less than 2 nm. ASML is the cornerstone of your plan

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None of The main semiconductor manufacturers The planet is European. TSMC, the company that leads this industry, is from Taiwan. Samsung and Sk Hynix are South Korean. Intel and Micron Technology are Americans. AND SMIC is China. This panorama invites us to accept that Europe has lost the train of the production of integrated circuits, but, in reality, it is not so. At least not at all. And it is that the old continent has ASMLthe Dutch company that leads the design and manufacture of photolithography equipment that is necessary to produce avant -garde semiconductors. And it also has IMEC, an integrated circuit research center founded in 1984 and housed in Leuven (Belgium). It is the most experienced laboratory in the tuning of new integration technologies that we have in Europe. IMEC and ASML work side by side to go beyond the 2 nm Europe does not have the expertise of the US, China, Japan or South Korea when it comes to the industry that develops in its laboratories. In what remains a global power is in border investigation. If we look beyond the semiconductors and look, for example, in Quantum computerswe will verify that the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics housed in Garching (Germany) and the Quantum Computing Center of Delft (Netherlands) are two leading institutions in the research in quantum computing. Europe seeks to develop the necessary integration technologies to produce semiconductors beyond the 2 Nm barrier IMEC has that same prestige, but in the field of innovation in integrated circuits. This is the reason why in May 2024 The European Union decided deliver a subsidy 2.5 billion euros To put a pilot line that will allow the manufacture of avant -garde semiconductors. This subsidy will be part of the ‘Chips Act’ program and has a very specific purpose: to develop integration technologies that are necessary to produce semiconductors Beyond the 2 Nm barrier. This is, in short, the European plan. And it is that IMEC intends to put its technology in the hands of European companies that are dedicated to automotive, telecommunications or the manufacture of medical devices, among other sectors. Diversification can play in your favor because it will contribute to developing the European technological ecosystem on a large scale. However, this research center is not addressing this project alone; He is working side by side with ASML. In fact, this company of the Netherlands has a crucial role in this plan. And he has it because he will deliver to IMEC the photolithography teams that his researchers need to bring to fruition the production of integrated circuits of less than 2 nm. ASML will install in this laboratory even your machine extreme ultraviolet (UVE) and haute openingwhich is the most advanced semiconductor production team it currently has. In fact, the technology of this machine is the only one that is capable of take us beyond the 2 nm. One more note to conclude: the collaboration of IMEC and ASML also seeks to develop integration technologies for DRAM chips, the Fotonic silicon and advanced packaging techniques of integrated circuits. Image | IMEC More information | IMEC In Xataka | China prepares the mate to the US: it will have its own UVE lithography team to make chips in 2025

The Chinese car aspires to gain ground in Europe consolidating in the low range. Renault’s response: a diesel engine

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Chinese cars have arrived in Europe with the clear intention of putting a good bite in the electric car market. At this time, Byd is Looking for a third floor To build its future models, the SAIC group has a A good asset with mg and independent companies such as Xpeng either Child They also try to make a hole. But, really, if a market has managed to penetrate the Chinese car is in the cheap car. In Spain we have good examples. Although Byd’s performance has not been bad, the real impulse to its sales has come with A plug -in hybrid that clearly competes in price. While, Omoda enrolled thousands of cars In a few months thanks to a Omoda 5 that he liked for its aesthetics and a competitive price. Mg already knows what it is to do with the First position in sales in our country. It has logic that the real entrance door For these companies it is to compete for price. In Europe, most manufacturers They have turned their backs to the cheapest vehicles and even Dacia has justified claiming that the obligations of The European Union requires them to raise the price of their cars and prevents them from being equally competitive as before. To this we must add that Chinese vehicles with combustion engines They are not affected by tariffsas it happens with the electric ones, which allows them (even more) to play to improve the price of European companies to gain market share, make a customer base and, later, to climb little by little. And to stand up, Renault has opted for a different strategy: to offer a type of clear setback but that allows to compete in price and that, in addition, it has less and less rivals in the market. Yes, in some markets a Renault Mégane has put on sale with diesel engine. A diesel engine as an alternative Among the European companies that have pressed the most in recent months to alive combustion engines, Renault has taken the singing voice. In fact, the company has taken forward Horsea joint company with the Chinese giant Geely to continue developing engines moved by fossil fuels. Those of the rhombus, in addition to betting on the electric with force, have also made it clear that they trust in the future where hybrid and electric living together In harmony with pure combustion engines, the case may be. With this in mind, they have launched the Electric Renault 5 And soon we will see on the streets the new Electric Renault 4. In recent times, the range has been renewed in depth with the Renault southern and the Rafale or an update that has left us to Scenic As a completely electric car. This renewal has had its consequences. Classic models like Mégane have said goodbye because, again, They only have an electric version. Sure? Where Renault needs to offer cars with more tight prices continues to maintain the Mégane Gran Coupéan option of three volumes of the compact classic. And, in addition, he does it with a diesel motorization of which We had to say goodbye in Spain. In countries such as Poland or Czech Republic, where electricity are testimonial and diesel continues to represent an important part of sales, the French are clear that this mechanic is still essential. In fact, it has been in Poland where the company has rescued this car to put it on the street with the format already mentioned next to a 1.5 dci engine of 115 hp, they explain in Auto Swiat. In that market, the diesel offer is being reduced and it is a good occasion to fight with a car that has already been made the investment, it is cheap to put it in the market and, in addition, it has a technology that Chinese manufacturers do not have. Collect in Acea That in Poland although diesel sales have been reduced, in January of this year they continue to represent 8.3% market share but electric and plug -in hybrids barely reach 6%. In the Czech Republic it makes even more sense because the diesel market share is a spectacular 19.4%. And vehicles without electrification of any kind total 67.8% of total sales. However, we must bear in mind that EU emission regulations They continue and although They have been delayed from 2025 to 2027this last year remains red in the calendar because the average emissions that show sales in these three next exercises must be below 93.6 gr/km of CO2. This means that with a car like this, whose engine is 118 gr/km of CO2, they would need to sell 1.5 electric to compensate. Or an electric and a plug -in hybrid. One more reason to understand why Renault only bets on this type of mechanics where it needs to put its cheapest cars on the market and where electrification advances at a very slow pace. Photo | Renault In Xataka | The Renault 5 has entered as a sales missile in France but something very simple has stopped it: a bug that prevents moving the car

We compare it with those of Europe, the United Kingdom and the USA

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A few days ago, the Manfred Technological Employment Platform published A study with the Salary tables per experience profile For software engineers in the main technological in Spain. Now, the platform has expanded that study by comparing the TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR SALARIES in Spain with those of the rest of Europe, the United Kingdom and the US. Percentiles and data samples. As details the employment platformthe salary analysis is based on the data collected by the Levels.fyi salary reportcomplemented with specific observations of the Spanish market. To interpret the results, percentiles are used. The 50% percentile reflects the salary average of the sector, while 10% and 90% represent the extremes of the lower and upper salary ranges, respectively. This allows identifying the salary ranges from the developers who earn the least to the ones that receive the most income. How much does a software engineer charge in Spain? According to the data provided by Manfred, the average salary for Software Engineers in Spain It is about 54,107 euros per year. There are exceptional cases above 60,000 euros, but the salaries of most professionals are below the 50,000 euros ceiling. Only 10% of Spanish technological talent (90% percentile) exceeds 92,600 euros per year. This means that higher wages are relatively scarce compared to other European countries. Spanish companies looking for attract and retain qualified talentthey must offer salaries near or higher than the national average. Those that do not reach this threshold of the 50,000 euros are at high risk of talent leak. Technological salaries of our neighbors. Compared to other countries in southern Europe, Spain is consolidated as one of the countries with better technology salaries. For example, in Portugal, the salary average is around 43,781 euros per year, while Italy records a wage average of 37,510 per year. France slightly exceed the average salary of its software engineers, with 56,162 euros per year compared to the little more than 54,000 euros in Spain. However, our neighbor concentrates more the salaries of its engineers between 30,000 euros and 56,000 euros, reducing the incidence of 10% and 90% percentiles. The tax advantages offered Ireland have turned this country into a magnet For large technology companiesleaving wages are remarkably high than in Spain. The Irish average is 96,153 euros per year with a very distributed salary silhouette among the percentiles, offering very close salary percentages from the range of 40,000 euros (10%percentile) to 130,000 euros (75%percentile). European countries with greater salaries. Germany and Switzerland stand out as European countries With better salaries For software engineers. In Germany, the average salary reaches 80,558 euros per year. In addition, the German 25% percentile (which represents 75% of developers) already exceeds the Spanish average with salaries above 66,000 euros per year. For its part, Switzerland is placed as one of the most interesting destinations For European software engineers, with a wage average of 132,572 euros a year. Here, the salaries are very concentrated between 88,000 euros and 135,000 annually, the rest of the very minority percentiles being. Salaries in the United Kingdom and the United States. The United Kingdom is another Outstanding labor market For software engineers. It offers an average salary of 99,979 euros a year, doubling the salaries of Spain into that profile. The most experienced developers (90%percentile) can reach up to 190,300 euros per year, while the lowest percentile is above 68,000 euros. In the United States, figures are even more impressive. The average salary for software engineers amounts to 168,271 euros per year and can exceed 320,000 for 90%percentile. This market offers astronomical salary opportunities due to its High technological demand and to the impact of global remote work. Spain exceeds the average, but there is a margin of improvement. Manfred’s analysis confirms that Spain is the southern European country with better salary ranges in technology, surpassing the countries around us. However, other countries such as Germany or the United Kingdom double the Spanish salary and the United States. Despite that data, when the average salary with the cost of local life From each country, Spain offers a good quality of life for its technological developers, offering salary ranges Above the country’s average. In Xataka | How much money you need to be among the richest 1% in Spain Image | Manfred

In 1958 France approved a nuclear plan to defend itself without the US. Russia has turned the plan into a reality for Europe

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It happened in 1958, but now it cannot be more relevant. Then, General Charles de Gaulle had a vision of the need for France to maintain some strategic dependence by launching the Nuclear deterrence policy Sovereign, a kind of nuclear umbrella arguing that, although the United States was an ally, its interests may not always coincide with those of Europe. It has spent more than half a century and, suddenly, the continent has set the French nuclear doctrine against American uncertainty. The possible extension of the shield. It was French president Emmanuel Macron who He raised the possibility to associate French nuclear deterrence with the defense of other European countries. Although its ad It could explicitly spread To other nations. In this regard, the French Defense Minister, Sébastien Lecornu, reiterated that the nuclear arsenal will remain completely Frenchunder the only authority of the president. However, the key issue is whether France could assume a more active role in the continent nuclear defense. The (in) definition. Historically, French nuclear doctrine has been ambiguous with the threat of a massive response if France’s “vital interests” were in danger. However, these interests have never been defined precisely. From the presidency of De Gaulle, France has suggested that some European countries were already de facto, Under your protection. In fact, in 1964 De Gaulle declared that a Soviet attack against Germany could be interpreted as a threat to France. We remember that France and the United Kingdom are the only European nations with nuclear weapons. France counts With almost 300 eyeletsdeployed in airplanes and submarines, while the United Kingdom has approximately 250. Thus, there is a crucial difference: France maintains total independence in the development and operation of its arsenal, while the United Kingdom depends on US technology. Europe thinks about it. Actually, what has really changed in this debate is not the French proposal, but the attitude of the rest of Europe. Until recent United States and NATO. This idea has jumped through the air with the second mandate of Donald Trump, added to his current rhetoric of reduce military support To Europe, which has generated a change of perspective. Countries Like Germany They have seriously considered the option of a European nuclear shield. Moreover, the next German chancellor Friedrich Merz, surprised his allies by suggesting that it was time to open a dialogue with France and the United Kingdom about the possibility of reinforcing European nuclear deterrence. Scenarios for the alleged nuclear shield. Analysts have become more or less according to the time of summarize the options. There is talk of a deployment of French airplanes with nuclear weapons in other countries, Like Germany or Poland. The decision to use them would continue to be in the exclusive hands of the French president, but his presence would send a disjection message. Also of patrol of French nuclear bombers in European borders, as they do in French airspace, and the creation of air bases in other European countries, allowing a rapid deployment of French nuclear forces in case of crisis. The importance of eyelets. We would say that key for obvious reasons. The number of eyelets is a crucial factor. As we said, France has 300 nuclear heads, and together with The 250 of the United Kingdomthe total number would reach 550. The problem: which is significantly lower than Russian Arsenalwhich exceeds approximately 6,000 eyelets (the majority in reserve), although it is often clarified that the deterrence does not depend only on the amount of weapons, but on the credible and fast response capacity. Another aspect under discussion is if France should modify its nuclear doctrine to explicitly include the defense of its European allies within its “vital interests”. Some analysts argue that maintaining strategic ambiguity is part of the deterrence itself, but others argue that a clear statement of commitment would strengthen trust among European allies. The Russian threat. Although France has M51 missilescapable of reaching Moscow and other great Russian cities with enormous destructive power, Moscow’s ability to respond is, what is much greater. According to estimates in Russian media, a single Missile “Satan II” It could “atomize Paris In 200 seconds“, which underlines the risks of a direct confrontation. The problem lies, in addition, that Russia, given its geographical extension, could resist a prolonged nuclear exchange, while France lacks that strategic advantage. This asymmetry in the ability of mutual destruction raises doubts about the effectiveness of French deterrence in case of a conflict with Russia. If the “yes” occurs. In any case, what seems clear is that if France manages to expand its nuclear role within Europe with the support of the United Kingdom, this would represent a crucial step towards the strategic autonomy of the EU. The deployment of combat aircraft with nuclear capacity in Eastern Europe would not only strengthen the defense of the continent, but would send a clear political sign of unity and determination to Russia. It would be to see, of course, what would be Moscow’s reaction. Image | James Vaughan In Xataka | Europe rescues an old plan to defend Ukraine without a third World War: Sky Shield and its 120 combat planes In Xataka | Ukraine will lose his most powerful weapon in the US. That will give Russia an unprecedented advantage: attack more than 30 kilometers

The demographic debacle in Europe, exposed on this map with a misleading guest: Monaco

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A few days ago we commented that Spain’s demographic engine is gripped. Very few babies are born Every day, they are not enough for the generational relief and, although we are heading to the record of inhabitants, this is thank you to immigration. In addition, more babies are born than 41 -year -old mothers than 25but it is not an exclusive problem from Spain. And, to understand the scope in our most immediate environment, let’s see this graph prepared by Visual Capitalist which shows the fertility rate in Europe: Fertility rate. It is the average number of children that a woman would have throughout her reproductive life (period between 15 and 49 years). It is estimated that 2.1 children per woman is the right rate for generational relief and is a long -term indicator. Bad news: according to UN estimates by 2025, in Europe there is no country that reaches that desired fertility rate. A small green redoubt. Well, there is one: Monaco. The problem is that it is not something that is important in a Europe that has a very low fertility rate because its population is extremely small (only 39,000 residents) and any change in the indicator that is significantly alters the measurements. The economy is not a problem in Monaco. Montenegro with 1.8 and Romania with 1.7 are the ones that complete the podium. In the lower part, we have Ukraine (which, due to their situation, is not representative) and countries such as Malta or Andorra with a rate of 1.1. Spain, next to Italy, San Marino or Lithuania, is also closer to the well than to see the light due to a rate of 1.2. Decay. There are already those who said that The true challenge of the 21st century It would be the demographic because, although by 2080 we will be 2.3 billion more people On the planet, not all territories will grow homogeneously. In the European case, there are a number of issues that have formed the perfect cocktail so that both birth rates (births per 1,000 inhabitants) and fertility have collapsed in recent years. The Independence age has increased These last two decades, standing above 30 years on average in the Spanish case. The rental price for the clouds prevents assets from saving or raising a child. And this, together with cultural factors, has caused the downturn of the fertility rate. A few decades ago, in fact, worldwide It was five children per woman. Today we settle for the aforementioned 2.1. Immigration. That this generational relay does not occur has a multitude of implications, two of the most visible being the impossibility of maintaining systems such as pension and the lack of labor personnel. Now, something that can make the renovation rate immigration. In the Spanish case, four out of ten jobs From January to June 2024 they were covered by an immigrant, but in birth, immigration also has a positive impact. In 2021, almost a third of babies born in Spain, 32.4%, He had at least one foreign father or mother. With the magnifying glass in hand, 42% were of Latin American origin, 28% African, 22% European and 7% Asian. Now, something that has been observed is that fertility rates of immigrant mothers tend to line with that of the local population. World problem. As we say, beyond in Europe, demography is A problem in many countries. But although in this article we have put the focus on the countries of our environment because the representation of the Visual Capitalist map is very clear, if we look at the East, the situation is devastating. South Korea either Japan They have suffered a demographic debacle. China, more of the same, and although the three countries have launched many Measures to stop that depopulationsomething they have in common is the intention of reactivating their population thanks to the immigrant labor. Either in the field… either hiring babysitters so that fathers and mothers can get to work. Returning to Europe, what all graphics and measurements indicate is that it is not a passing problem, but a long -term challenge with very deep implications. In Asia there are countries that seem trace with some proposalsbut it is something that will be seen in the medium and long term. In Xataka | The population of Japan has aged so much that the country is living the closure of thousands of schools

With the first 100% successful launch of Ariane 6, Europe has started leaving the sad well in which I was in which

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Europe already has the two rockets totally operational They put it in a mess: Vega-C and Ariane 6. The European Space Agency (ESA) breathes relieved, but knows that it is not the same to recover autonomous access to space as to compete with Spacex. For that, more investment in private companies will need. The Ariane 6 rocket has flown, now, without mishaps of any kind The rocket for heavy loads ariane 6 of that He has successfully completed his first commercial flight. After numerous delays, the rocket took off in its Ariane 62 configuration (with two lateral propellers and a short cofa) from the always cloudy European space port in the French Guiana. The launch operated by Arianespace was impeccable, both in rocket yield as in live broadcastwhich had four cameras aboard the pitcher. In this second launch, the first commercial and the first totally successful, the Ariane 6 put in Heliosíncrona orbit the spy cso-3 satellite of the armed forces of France. He did 1 hour and 6 minutes after takeoff, 800 km altitude. The CSO-3 satellite has thus joined its precursors CSO-1 and CSO-2, launched in 2018 and 2020 by Soyuz rockets, before the EU forbade collaboration with Russia. The new French recognition network offers optical and infrared images with unprecedented quality for France and its allies. The Ariane 6 rocket, developed by Arianegroup for ESA, is therefore operational. His first launch, held in July 2024 (one year after Ariane 5 flew for the last time) was successful in the takeoff and deployment of several satellites, but failed to exorbitar, leaving two reentry capsules strained in orbit that were part of the mission. A temperature parameter out of the rank caused the rocket software to prevent the third ignition of the Vinci engine of the upper stage. A software update was enough to face the second launch, although it has occurred almost eight months after Ariane 6 debut. Europe begins to recover its sovereignty in space ESA already sees light at the end of the tunnel. The European launch crisis caused by the delays of the Ariane 6 heavy rocket and the incidents of the Vega-C light rocket reduced the number of annual flights to only threethe minimum of 15 years. Strategic missions such as Galileo (European GPS) or Spanish military satellite spainsat ng 1 They had to be thrown by Spacex. By 2025, ESA plans to make 10 space releases, six from Ariane 6 (including the first Ariane 64 with four propellers) and four vega-c. It is far behind the nearly 200 launches scheduled by the United States (mainly, Spacex Starlink missions), but it is a number that is closer to the goal of recovering autonomous access to space, something that becomes special importance with the Europe rearme announced by Ursula von der Leyen. Josef Aschbacher, general director of ESA, said that the United States It allocates five times more public money to the space sector that Europe, which explains the gap in the rhythm of launches and the manufacture of satellites. The question is whether Ariane 6 and Vega-C, which are not reusable rockets, can even compete with Spacex’s falcon. And as Aschbacher knows no, that is tending all kinds of contracts for a new generation of reusable European pitchers, in which companies such as the Spanish PLD Space participate. Image | Arianegroup In Xataka | China and Europe are investing a fortune in their own Starlink: the US advantage is too big to ignore it

Europe already has its master lines to consolidate the electric car. And along the way it will copy China’s tactics

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The European Commission has submitted its proposal to boost the electric car in Europe. A proposal that arrives with various open fronts, that opens its hand with the manufacturers in the field of short -term broadcasts and that points to greater protectionism against China. These are the master lines of a plan that should gradually approve in various lines of action. What do we have? The proposal of the European Commission, led by Ursula von der Leyen, to promote the use and electric car production in the medium term. The intention of Europe remains to electrify much of the fleet of vehicles that circulate on our roads for which it is expected to allocate 1.8 billion euros. The proposal will have to be approved in various packages by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe. It remains, therefore, to receive the approval of the countries to carry out measures that take into account from the regulations for the production of batteries. Emissions. It is undoubtedly the most controversial aspect. Advanced by the president herself From the European Commission last Monday, manufacturers will have up to 2027 to comply with the limits of emissions that should be applied this year under the threat of fines that could be one thousand millionaire. The idea was to sanction all manufacturers that They will exceed 93.6 gr/km of CO2 Maximum fleet sold with 95 euros per gram overcome and car sold. That put manufacturers such as the Volkswagen Group against fines that could approach 7,000 million euros. If approved (von der Leyen aspires to be a rapid procedure) manufacturers will have to comply with that limit of 93.6 gr/km of CO2 in 2027 but it will be an average emissions of the last three years. That is, they will be able to overcome this year and compensate in the coming years to enter within the maximum limits set. China. Before China’s competition, Europe seeks to arm. He wants to do it with a comprehensive strategy that facilitates the production of batteries for electric cars on European soil and putting obstacles, as we will see, to use bridge to countries with special commercial treaties with the European Union. What Europe wants to do is simply Copy the tactic that China has been applying more than 20 years. The European Commission speaks of “ensuring that investments from countries external to the European Union benefit local companies and help improve long -term competitiveness.” To achieve this, they hold in The countrythe European Commission is willing to support that foreign manufacturers ally with local companies and, in this way, facilitate the transfer of knowledge. When China positioned itself as a cheap and attractive soil for vehicle manufacturers, it used this tactic: who would like to manufacture in China would have all the facilities but should Alder yes or yes with a local manufacturer. The only one that has avoided it has been Tesla But it has arrived much later and in another context than its rivals. The Morocco Bridge. In recent months, Morocco and Türkiye They were positioning themselves as a very attractive market for Chinese companies. Their specific commercial treaties with the European Union allowed them to skip tariffs on electric cars while obtaining a cheap labor. The European Commission wants to end that and force companies to manufacture on continental soil. However, we will have to see what repercussions this has if it goes ahead. There are European companies, such as Stellantis either Renaultthat already contribute the advantages that Morocco offers them to manufacture their cheapest cars and lower profit margin. Europe’s notice in this regard is clear and, if necessary, they will use “the use of commercial defense instruments, such as anti -subvent measures, to protect European unfair competition companies”: Purchase aid. It was one of the great questions and we have barely obtained an answer. The possibility of standardizing the aid to the purchase and that Europe directly apply the discount on the purchase of the car and deliver the money corresponding to the dealerships is rumored for a long time. In Spain We continue without MOVES Plan But so far criticisms have always pointed to long waiting to collect the subsidy. The money delivered was European but currently has to go through the Spanish State that distributes it between the autonomous communities and they manage aid. This way of working can cause more aid to be approved than money available, extending the waiting time to collect. In other countries, Like Portugal or Germanythe discount was directly reflected at the time of purchase. That aid is then processed by the manufacturer who presents the documentation to the State and receives the corresponding money. The processes are expedited, there is greater transparency and greater security is created in the face of the client receiving the money as soon as possible. However, the European Commission has only assured that “it will actively work with member states to optimize these incentive systems for consumers”, without giving more details. Photo | European Commission In Xataka | Europe had a plan to jump into the electric car and 2025 was its first fire test. The manufacturers have ended it

8,000 years ago a group of farmers crossed the Aegean Sea. Its trail can still be seen in the DNA in Media Europe

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A little before 7,000 before Christ, the western hunters-gatherers and the center of the Anatolia They started cultivating. It seems likely and unimportant. But that little change ended up causing a deep social, economic and demographic reorganization of the entire European continent. And it is not an exaggeration. It was so strong that even today we can see her on the maps. PH2TER What are we talking about? Between 6,000 and 4,000 before Christ, those Neolithic Farmers of Anatolia They began to move beyond the Aegean And, progressively, they took agriculture to Europe and North Africa. They thus became the ancestral genetic component of this whole area of ​​the world. Subsequently, the arrival of the shepherds of the western steppe (the known as Yamnaya culture) He finished configuring the basic genetics of the historical peoples of Europe, but the strength of the legacy of the anatolian farmers remained very strong. Above all, in the south of the continent. How can this know? Taking into account that the databases are even more incomplete than we would like and, therefore, there is always enough speculative content, a map can be built by comparing historical and contemporary samples. On the map, you can see a spectrum in which blue represents populations with greater “genetic distance“With the neolithic anatolic farmers and the red the slightest distance. And, to tell the truth, it has enough surprises. Detlef Gronenborn, Barbara Horejs, Börner, Obe Who is who (genetically speaking)? As usually explained, in the European countries of the Mediterranean there is a greater genetic closeness with the first European farmers. Specifically, Greece and Italy are the sites with the greatest closeness. Sardinia, of which we already knew that They were a very unique genetic populationit seems that the palm is taken. As a curiosity, it seems that current anatolia is not so great. Paleogenetics for beginners. All this is still a curiosity of an amateur forum (one that presumably has serious reliability problems as we approach detail). However, it is a good example of the enormous depth that genetic studies give us to understand the intrahistory of humanity. As we said Half decade ago“Paleogenetic techniques are like Galileo’s telescope: they let us see where we could not until now, but we need to accumulate evidence, works and studies to know what is true and what is a mirage.” As happened with carbon-14 techniques (it took almost 40 years to be reliable to one hundred percent), we are about to see how the past changes. Image | PH2TER | In Xataka | The past of the future: how science changes (constantly) our way of seeing dinosaurs and the past in general

Europe had a plan to jump into the electric car and 2025 was its first fire test. The manufacturers have ended it

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It had been rumored for a long time and has ended up confirming. The European Commission will make the maximum pollutant emissions that manufacturers will be fostered if they do not want to be fined with sanctions that promised to be one thousand millionaires. The pact that has been reached is a small three -year moratorium that postpon the problem to 2027. These are the key points. What we had. What was on the table was a road map designed to jump into the electric car gradually. By 2035 it is planned prohibit cars that are not “carbon neutrals.” That is, it is expected that combustion engines can be still used with hydrogen either synthetic fuels that during their production they absorb CO2 and, therefore, equal their small pollutant emissions expelled with the use But the truth is that these They should be more than mere exceptions. In 2030, an emission limit is so high that it should not allow the sale of cars that, at least, are not plug -in hybrid. And in 2025 very high fines were expected for those who exceeded 93.6 gr/km of CO2 on average in the car fleet sold. The regulations said that for each gram of CO2 exceeded in the fleet of cars sold it would be punished with a fine of 95 euros per car sold. That is, if the fleet average is 98.6 gr/km of CO2, the fine would be multiplied by five. Each car sold would face a sanction of 475 euros. A manufacturer that sells a million cars in the EU would face a penalty of 475 million euros. What changes. Little and a lot. The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, has presented The conclusions of the second meeting of the table known as Strategic Dialogue for the future of the European Automobile Industry. In his second point he points out that there is “a clear demand to make the CO2 emission standards more flexible.” This flexibility is a kind of moratorium for manufacturers. Yes, they will have to comply with that emission limit of 93.6 gr/km of CO2 but will do so in 2027. Then they will present their results that will result from an average of sales of 2025, 2026 and 2027. Millionaire fines There are, therefore, in suspense. Trying to content everyone. According to Von der Leyen, the current emission limits are maintained in 2027 so as not to punish those who have done the job before anyone else but believes that the industry needs “more margin of maneuver and greater clarity, without changing the agreed objectives.” The changes, of course, need to be approved. The president of the European Commission It is optimistic In this sense, pointing out that an amendment as specific as this should be approved in very short space of time. On March 5 we will know more details with the presentation of an action plan that also contemplates the production of battery for electric cars within the European Union, among other measures. The big beneficiaries. Among the big beneficiaries are, of course, those who were not going to comply with emission regulations and aimed to overcome it widely. The biggest beneficiary is, with much difference, the Volkswagen Group, according to calculations collected by The automotive tribune. The German conglomerate pointed to a penalty of 6,914 million euros with the sales and emission data of 2024. Mercedes, who had received a fine of more than 1,000 million euros with the figures last year, is the other great beneficiary although there was already talk that he could have reached an agreement with Volvo or Polestar, among others, to form a pool of emissions before the European Union that will free them from the sanction. Now both manufacturers have time to launch mass electric cars (Volkswagen awaits you to 2026/2027) or, like Mercedes, which sell large volumes within the figures they usually handle. He Mercedes Cla It is the great hope for this year and the coming. Losers? If we take a look at the figures of 2024, Stellantis and the Renault, Nissan and Mitsubishi alliance could also breathe calm since the fines could exceed 2,000 million euros if the data last year is taken as a reference. However, both groups have made important efforts to reach 2025 with electric cars that aspire to sell good quantities and, thus, reduce the middle emissions of the fleet. Stellantis has made an investment of 30,000 million euros on Stla platforms of greater and smaller size and software development, with the aim of accommodating electrical and hybrid mechanics in the same space. He Peugeot E-3008for example, it is a good attempt to sell large volumes of electric. Renault, meanwhile, has also made a giant leap in the electric car market in the last two years (winner of two Car of the Year consecutive along the way). His Renault Scenic and his new Renault 5 They are cars to move large sales figures which should significantly reduce the average emission. Those who surely lose. Those who have lost with the play are, of course, the manufacturers of electric cars exclusively. And, more specifically, those who aspired to get a good sum negotiating with their emission bonds to get the companies out of the possible sanctions. It could be a good impulse for Volvo, which has a very high part of its widely electrified range and, above all, to contain that It does not go through its best moment economic. But the one who loses the most is Tesla. The company had a complicated 2024 and is about to see if it reverses the situation in 2025. The sale of your emission bonds They were highly coveted because their sales volume in Europe is relatively high, it had to grow with the arrival of the Tesla Model and updated And it has no combustion engines that criminalize it in the least. Photo | Volkswagen In Xataka | Spain will manufacture the electric car that … Read more

We already know why mobile phones with 6,000Mah are not arriving in Europe: there is a clear responsible

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He Xiaomi 15 Ultra It is already in our hands. Your hardware is impressive: it has the Best Qualcomm processora camera system that paints spectacular and a software enhanced by AI (which high range can afford to do it). But there is a specification that collided: its 5.410mah battery. In China, the phone is sold with a 6,000Mah battery, a remarkably greater capacity than that of its European twin brother. Daniel Desjarlais, head of communication globally at Xiaomi, has dissipated us personally. We already know why the European model has a smaller battery. The two versions. The Xiaomi Ultra 15 is almost the same as the Chinese model. There is a small difference at the software level, since the Chinese ROM does not have Google services, much less with the new integration with Gemini that they have released on this phone. However, the model that lands in Europe does so with a 5.410mah battery. It is a considerable size, but far from what its Chinese variant offers. Cost savings. The explanation is simple and clear: cost savings. Xiaomi has not given concrete figures on how percent the cost of bringing a 6,000Mah battery device but, at least at this time, is significant enough so that they cannot reach Europe. “The 6.000Mah battery would have led to an improper cost increase in global devices. We must try to find a balance between giving our users everything we can and how much will cost.” Daniel explains that importing phones from China has a cost, and that the company seeks a balance between bringing models to Europe with the best specifications, and that the price does not continue to increase. The Xiaomi 15 Ultra has better speers than last year’s model, but maintains the same price in our territory. Silicon-carbon as ally. There is a main responsible for, finally, the 5,000mAh batteries cease to be the artificial top we had been seeing for years. The Silicon-Carbon batteries They are the new fashion, and allow manufacturers to integrate much more capacity in the same size. This is why they have been able to increase the capacity of the Xiaomi 15 in more than 600mAh compared to its predecessor, and so that the Xiaomi 15 Ultra has some more battery than the ultra 14 (the previous model had 5,300mAh). Companies such as Honor also sell their Magic7 Pro with almost 6,000Mah battery in China, staying only in 5,270mah in Europe. A trend that we hope is ending up reversing according to the costs of this type of batteries are descending over time. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Android gigantic batteries are a double -edged sword: give free track to increase power to absurd

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