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The place where the blackout began

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Huéneja, a small Granada municipality of approximately one thousand inhabitants, has become an epicenter of the eyes after the blackout that left the Iberian Peninsula on April 28. First substation to fall. With a powerful renewable energy concentration, Huéneja’s electrical substation was, according to The Energy Newspaperthe first great disconnection in the chain of events that caused the energy zero a month ago. Here, Red Eléctrica has been operating for more than a decade a 400 kV substation designed to evacuate the growing production of renewable energies in the area. Huéneja’s substation recorded the first generation drop in the moments before the great blackout. A renewable hub. Huéneja’s electrical substation is connected window, photovoltaic and thermosoles. In total, about 668 MW of installed power pour their energy into this knot: 376 MW windings, 142 MW photovoltaic and 150 MW Termosoles. That fateful day, all this connected generation was suddenly disconnected. From what we know, the protections jumped when detecting an over -the higher than the permitted limits, from outside the substation. A late expansion. On May 5, just a week after the blackout and while the causes were still investigated, the Government of Spain authorized Red Electric to expand the huéneja substation. This action, published in the BOE of May 21It has a budget of 7.5 million euros aimed at feeding the electrical train network. Bruno Vuan, connoisseur of the sector, I already pointed to Huéneja As a candidate for the start of the blackout, highlighting her concentration of power and questioning the tension control capacity for that generation. But Huéneja was not the cause of the blackout, but the first big piece of dominoes to fall. The origin is not the cause. Paraphrasing the expert Fernando Rodríguezthat Huéneja’s substation was the origin of the blackout does not mean that it was the cause. The failure of a substation does not grave the entire system, designed to withstand this type of oscillations. There were moments later other two disconnections to the southwest of the peninsula. The “causes” interacted with each other, and also with their effects, touring the system as a zipper that dulls Spain and Portugal. The complete schedule. After the incident in Huéneja at 12:32:57, two other important generation losses occurred in Badajoz and Seville in just twenty seconds, adding a total of 2.2 Gigaveatians disconnected. Luis Badesa, professor at the Polytechnic University of Madrid, had already signed over overthes as suspects. According to its analysis, the point of no return arrived at 12:33:20, when the Iberian Peninsula lost the connection with France, becoming an “electric island.” What failed then? According to Redeia, the Electric Red Matrix was not the energy mix, It was not the lack of inertiaThey were not the renewables. In an interview with The avant -gardehis president Beatriz Corredor said: “There was no transport network and the operation of the system was correct.” Corridor points to “some conventional generators” that had that day “some voltage control parameters below those established by the regulations.” The president of Redeia has put the focus on conventional energies, which did not control the tension correctly. Image | Voltae In Xataka | The other uncomfortable truth of the blackout: Spain does not yet have enough batteries for its renewable boom

Everything blew in favor of Xiaomi with its first electric car. Until his clients began to see the qualities of SU7

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A hood that does not work and some bumpers that deform with heat. More than a year after launching Your first electric carmonths after knowing all the details of Your most provisional version And, confirmed, a few days after it is revealed Your next electric SUVXiaomi is faced with his first major media crisis in his journey in the car market. Until now, the Chinese company had achieved surprise To everyone. The production of its first electric car I barely gave to meet all the demand. So much so that the producing plant where their cars come out has become A tourist attraction. When we were still rubbing our eyes, the Xiaomi Su7 Ultraan electric car of stratospheric benefits that exceeded those of the Porsche Taycan more powerful and that was sold at a price much lower than the German model. But the honeymoon is over. A few days ago Lei Jun, CEO of the company, said it was facing one of the toughest moments at the business level and personnel that he remembered. In recent weeks, news that have were just a grain of sand have been accumulating. Today they have a small mountain to save. A hood and some pieces that deform When Lei Jun referred to the fact that one of his worst weeks had passed at the head of Xiaomi, he referred, among other things, to the death of three people aboard his car. It is not entirely clear but it seems that the car caught fire after crashing when it carried the activated driving assistance system. Although a fatal accident is a crisis that all companies have to pass They put a car on the street or a Autonomous Driving Systemin China an investigation immediately began to know what had happened. Shortly after, the company itself began to capo the Xiaomi Su7 Ultra. Maybe for Avoid risksan update reduced by more than 600 hp the maximum power of Deportivo Electrico and it was warned that to unlock it, a test should be passed in a circuit. The complaints were so sound that the company reculled and unlocks the car again. Days later Xiaomi faced a new fire. Now he had more than 400 demands on the table because some of the first owners of the Xiaomi Su7 Ultra complained that the Specific hood of more than $ 5,000in reality, it was worthless. Despite promising that it served to get the heat from the front zone, its structure was useless before this task and requested the refund of the value of the car. From Xiaomi they have rejected this option and proposed to deliver to the buyers the original hood and those who kept it They would receive 20,000 credits In the brand store. However, many of them have refused to do so, claiming that the products have 60 days of withdrawal and that they want them to return the car’s money. In Carnewschina They explain that the question of deceptive advertising demand is being a thorny issue in China. Beijing regulators have already failed in favor of the company, noting that they have not incur It should be double because they were deceived. It is known that the company has stopped the deliveries of the sports electric car and that those who had a reserve made have been asked to contact the company. If not, the order would be suspended. Likewise, they have moved to those who reserve the car that the waiting times are no longer the same with what they had so far. Capós that deform and an alleged defamatory campaign In the middle of all this strip and loosen between consumers and company, in the last days images have been viralized that talk about the supposed poor quality with which Xiaomi cars are auctioned. With different images, some owners are pointing out that one of The car’s hood pieces are poorly tight and that, even, it can bulge as a result of heat. Accompanied by images that you can see in Carnewschinasome Xiaomi cars owners point out that this piece is misaligned with the lighthouse and that it can deform. The reasons to which it points are diverse, from a piece of worst quality than the rest of the car to a bad assembly or deformations due to extreme heat. At the moment, the company has confirmed that it will repair all the necessary interventions and has stressed that the Xiaomi Su7 Ultra is not affected because, according to the company, they use better quality pieces. In fact, the company has transferred to the owners the recommendation to stop the car in extreme climate situations and not take refuge under a tree in case of strong storms. In addition, they have a claim for these phenomena from the application itself. However, from Xiaomi they believe that the flood of news that has arrived in a few weeks is not accidental. The technological giant points out that he is suffering an attack towards his image to reduce the impact of the launch of the Xiaomi Yu7, an electric SUV that they will present on May 22. As reportedthere are 10,000 accounts in social networks that work with bots to defame the company through rumors or false information. Lei Jun, CEO of Xiaomi, shared in his social networks the statement of the company’s legal team: “Internet is not a space without law. Xiaomi will decide legal measures to protect our legitimate rights against slander and malicious attacks.” Photo | Lei Jun on Twitter In Xataka | All cars depreciate immediately as soon as they leave the concessionaire. All but one: the Xiaomi Su7

Gemini’s conquest began in Android mobiles. Now you will flood your TV, your watch or even your car

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Google wants to win the AI ​​battle, and has a fundamental advantage over almost all its competitors: it has a perfect ecosystem to do so. Gemini deployment He started on the Android -based smartphones, but now he will go further. Thus, the firm has announced that Gemini’s characteristics will soon reach various types of product based on one of the many Android variants. It is one more proof of how the traditional Google assistant leaves its chatbot from AI. The smart watches based on Wear OS They are a good example of this. It will be possible to speak with the assistant directly on those devices to establish alarms and reminders, for example. And thanks to Gemini’s interconnection with Google applications, any user can ask data about a fact of those services – “what was the name of the restaurant that Miguel spoke to me recently in Gmail?” – To obtain the answer synthesized on the clock screen. The option will be for example available at the Pixel Watch and In the Samsung Galaxy Watch. Gemini too It will disembark in Android Auto. The commands that was already possible to take advantage of the Google assistant will go further with that ability to understand Gemini’s natural language. That, they say on Google, will prevent us from concentrating on the way of saying things and Let’s keep attentive to the road. This interaction in the form of natural conversation with Gemini in the car will also allow access to striking options. For example, ask you to look for electroberas on our route that are also near a park in case we want to take a walk. That connection with Google services will also make it possible that if we receive a message or an email on the Gemini mobile, it translates it, translates it and offers us to respond easily and with the voice. Or make a summary of the news (but perhaps without sports) or a document that we have to review before a meeting towards which we head. If we have a TV TVGemini will also reach said product segment. With the chatbot we can, for example, ask the AI ​​for action films suitable for children to obtain recommendations directly through voice conversation. But also TV can become a large mobile screen to find answers to our questions. As with the computer or mobile, we can talk and ask Gemini about any issue, and here there will be a special focus on offering results in YouTube videos. Finally Google talked about how Gemini will also arrive at Android XRthe operating system they are developing in collaboration with Samsung for connected glasses. Here the interaction is especially interesting because it will offer a striking way to obtain information, answers and content directly through the voice. In the example shown by Google, Gemini will be able to plan a vacation surrounding us with videos, maps and tips on local culture, in addition to offering us an itinerary of the trip. We are thus facing a gradual but total deployment of Gemini, which by the way also It will reach headphones of manufacturers such as Sony and Samsung, who has already announced it in the case of Your Galaxy Buds. There are no concrete dates for that display, but Google’s ambition here is clear: that we can talk to all our devices naturally when we need it. In Xataka | Mark Zuckerberg believes that in 2030 we will not get the smartphone so much out of the pocket: we will do almost everything from the glasses

This hacker began to collaborate with the secret service after being arrested. What nobody knew is that he kept stealing big

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In the summer of 2003, a routine investigation for a series of robberies in Manhattan led to unexpected finding. An undercover agent of the New York Police Department followed a young man who behaved suspiciously and observed him for several minutes in the lobby of an ATM. I was extracting money with one card after another, All of them falsifiedtaking advantage of the day change to overcome the daily limits of withdrawal. That scene was just the tip of the iceberg of a much more complex criminal network, as detailed years later The New York Times. That young man was called Albert Gonzalez, although on the Internet he preferred to hide After alias as “Soupnazi”. What he did was known in the criminal forums as “CASHING OUT“: Use cloned cards to get cash before banks could react. His detention opened the door to an unprecedented operation. The agents discovered that he stored millions of card numbers on their computer and that, in addition to executing fraud, it had detailed knowledge about cybercrime techniques. Gonzalez was not any criminal The role of this individual in the community of cyber criminals was highlighted: he exercised as a moderator in Shadowcrew, a forum that centralized the exchange of stolen banking data, tools for falsifying cards and advice to exploit vulnerabilities in the financial system. When it was arrested, As NPR points out, He chose to collaborate with the authoritieswhich allowed him to dodge an immediate conviction and become an informant of the Electronic Crimes Unit of the Secret Service. For months, he collaborated in an undercover operation within Shadowcrew and facilitated an international maneuver that culminated in October 2004 with 28 arrested in several countries. The operation, Baptized as Firewallbecame a reference for cybercrime investigations. But the story did not end there. While working for the Government, Gonzalez parallelly built a much more ambitious criminal network. Using various techniques, it accessed internal systems of large American clothing and distribution chains such as TJX (owner of TJ Maxx and Marshalls), Offemax (stationery and office material) or DSW (footwear). Justice data indicate that he and his collaborators stole more than 40 million numbers of credit and debit cards. These intrusions included the installation of “sniffer” programs capable of capturing in real time the data of the cards used in point of sale. The numbers were subsequently encoded on virgin cards and used to remove cash in ATMs. Arrested in the middle of the Firewall operation The final jump came with the use of the SQL injection technique, which allowed to remotely access databases from web forms. With her, Gonzalez and her team They managed to infiltrate Companies servers such as Heartland Payment Systems, one of the main payments processors in the United States. The attack committed the data of millions of transactionsaffecting more than 250 financial entities, and went down in history as the greatest robbery of cards recorded until then. This was detailed by the United States Department of Justice in an official statement issued in 2009. Chains such as 7-Eleven (convenience stores) and Hannaford Brothers (supermarkets) were also affected. Albert González While collaborating with the day authorities, at night he continued to send stolen databases through contacts in Eastern Europe. He used ghost companies, opaque transfer systems and mules to bleach millions. He even sold committed information to hackers who were being investigated, thus feeding new lines of accusation. Finally, after a series of key arrests and the tracking of an email account linked to their old alias, the agents closed the fence. He was arrested in 2008 at a Hotel in Miami. Shortly after, he led researchers to a bidon buried at their parents’ house With more than one million dollars in cash. American justice condemned in 2010 to 20 years and one day in prison for crimes of conspiracy, computer fraud, aggravated identity theft and money laundering. It also imposed two fines of $ 25,000 each, which total a total of $ 50,000, and three years of freedom guarded. The ruling grouped the causes presented in Massachusetts, New Jersey and New York. Albert Gonzalez, who, According to Podcast Malicious Life and The New York Timeshad come to hack NASA being a teenager and had caught the attention of the FBI, ended up becoming one of the greatest traitors of the hacker ecosystem and a key figure to understand the evolution of cybercrime in the era of electronic commerce. On September 19, 2023, he ceased to be in custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, As stated in the records of the American prison system with the number 25702-050. Since then, his trail has become discreet, as if he tried to definitely move away from his past. Images | Screen capture | Secret service (1, 2) In Xataka | Some users are using OPENAI O3 and O4-Mini to find out the location of photos: it is a nightmare for privacy

The cardinals have given themselves a last feast before the conclave. The menu that began in 1274 can last too long

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He conclave that will take the cardinals to the election of the new Pope can be eternalized. The story, as we will see below, is full of examples that give us an idea of ​​what can happen when those doors are closed. To get an idea, the meeting that ended with the announcement of Gregorio X took Almost three yearsso much that they even removed the roof to Encourage them To make a decision. In that context, the menu in food can be made very heavy. What do future potatoes eat. For more than 750 years, foods served during papal conclaves have been subject to strict rules seeking to preserve the Absolute confidentiality of the choice process. What at first glance may seem like a lower logistics detail (feeding 135 cardinals for days, weeks or years of confinement) is, in fact, a part deeply ritualized and guarded of the most secret event of the Catholic Church. The food, like the word, can communicate, and it is precisely that potential that has motivated a system of almost obsessive control It prevents, for example, that closed cakes, whole chickens or drinks in opaque containers are served. In past times, an empanada could hide an encrypted message or a dirty napkin could bring news abroad. Today, concerns focus more on electronic devices, but the logic of surveillance It remains intact. What the cardinals eat, how they eat it and who is still part of a complex symbolic and practical framework that protects the White smoke mystery. Millenary tradition. The BBC counted That the origin of these restrictions dates back to 1274, when Pope Gregory X, after suffering in his own flesh the longest conclave in history (1268–1271), It imposed severe norms to avoid stagnations: absolute isolation and progressive rationing. If after three days there was no consensus, the cardinals would receive only one meal a day, and after eight, only bread and water. Although these rules softened in the fourteenth century, with Clemente VI Authorizing three -stroke meals, the essence of control remained. The food ceased to be a privilege and became part of the confinement ritual. During the Renaissance, the famous chef Bartolomeo Scappi (considered the first media chef in history) described in detail the CULINARY PROTOCOL OF CONCLAVE that chose the Pope July III: Meals Transported by shifts raffled, reviewed by tasters, delivered through a RUOTA (A kind of mural tourniquet that prevented visual contact between chefs and cardinals) and supervised by the Swiss and Italian guard. Nothing was left to chance: food was simple but abundant, and napkins, inspected one by one. The Sistine Chapel, the place where the conclave is celebrated Austera meals. In contrast to the Renaissance sophistication described by SCAPPI (salads, fruits, charcuterie, wine and fresh water, all served in private cells decorated with silk), the current church has opted for a Freekness messageaccording to Pope’s style Francisco. For the conclave that begins on May 7, they will be the nuns of the Domus Sanctae Marthae Those who prepare simple dishes of Lazio’s kitchen and Abruzzo: minestrone, spaghetti, arrosticini and boiled vegetables. Despite the change in preparation, the intention is the same: that nothing between or leaves without supervision. The kitchen remains a place of potential risk, and its surveillance, a ritual need. In fact, some of it we already saw in the movie Conclavewhere this tension is dramatized by showing the kitchen as the true intrigues center, and where human interaction continues to occur even when everything else is silent. Obviously, the film cannot be taken as an exact reflection of reality, but it is right in a key: in these events where the word is limited, everyday gestures (such as sharing a dish or lifting a drink) charge a Extraordinary meaning. From luxury to duty. For all this too, before being held, many cardinals occur One last taste In his Roman favorite restaurants, such as AL PASSETTO DI BORGOa few meters from the Basilica of San Pedro. There, some have orders already famous: lasagna for Donald Wuerl, grilled squid for Francesco Coccopalmerio. We talk about dinners loaded with that possible future nostalgia: the last free meal before plunging into the ritual atmosphere of the conclave, where each bite is observed and each measured spoon. That contrast between freedom and control, between the bustle of the Roman dining room and the silence of the papal refectory, not only defines the passage towards the isolation, but also highlights The symbolic weight that has food as a threshold between the outside world and the sacred closure. Surveillance that endures. Although today is not afraid to the poison As in the Renaissance, and the priority is no longer to avoid a popular riot for a stagnant choice, the logic of Total isolation continues. Food surveillance, even with modern resources, maintains the original philosophy: prevent interference, protect the stealth, and preserve the holiness of the process. The fact that a cardinal leaves the refectory and between the Sistine chapel with a full stomach but the mind focused only on its vote, is not accidental. The food cannot distract, nor can it become a vehicle of external influences. Therefore, even if the stuffed chickens are no longer reviewed in search of secret messages, in the Vatican It continues to sweep In search of microphones and hidden devices. A church metaphor. If you want also, food surveillance is not only a matter of security, but a Identity expression same of the Church. In a moment of transition, when the future spiritual leader of 1.4 billion Of Catholics is at stake, each gesture is ritualized. From that perspective, eating ceases to be a biological need to become a liturgical act of containment, discipline and community. The Conclave table, therefore, is not only a place of livelihood, but of Communion and Secret. Of course, quite possibly also and while the cardinals prepare to choose the successor, their Excellences They will remember That last dish of lasagna in Rome. Image | Catholic Church, Gloria … Read more

The precedent closest to the great blackout of Spain was lived in 2003. And it also began in the interconnected network

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Few events show our electricity dependence as a mass blackout. And few blackouts have been as extensive as the one that has affected all of Spain today. But there is a precedent of similar characteristics that still remember in neighboring Italy: the great blackout of 2003. The day Italy was dark. On September 28, 2003, practically all the Italians (57 million people) were left without light. The ruling began in the Swiss Alps, demonstrating, as has happened today, the fragility of interconnected networks. It all started at 3:01 in the morning in a high voltage line that crosses the passage of Lukmanier, between Switzerland and Italy. A storm whipped the area. According to subsequent investigations, the branch of a tree hit the wiring, causing a short circuit and its automatic disconnection. It all started with a tree. The fall of a tree should not have been catastrophic. Electrical networks are designed with redundancies to avoid it. However, the demand for energy in Italy at that time was high, and the country depended significantly on the imports of electricity in Switzerland and France. The loss of the Lukmanier line increased the load on the other interconnections. In less than half an hour, a second crucial line, that of the Paso de San Bernardino, also failed. The exact reasons were subject to dispute (Switzerland said there were overloads not communicated by Italy, Italy blamed Swiss management), but the result was overwhelming: Italy lost suddenly a huge capacity to import energy and went out. The domino effect. At 3:27 am, the country remained dark. The almost simultaneous loss of these two great energy arteries had been too much for the Italian network. The frequency of the network began to fall dangerously below 50 Hz, and automatic protection systems, designed to avoid higher damage to generators and equipment, began acting in cascade. Electric centrals throughout Italy began to automatically disconnect from the network to protect themselves. This self -defense mechanism, however, aggravated the problem: the more centrals they disconnected, the greater the imbalance between the remaining little generation and demand, accelerating the collapse. In a matter of minutes, the Italian electricity grid was completely fragmented and collapsed. The blackout affected the entire Italian Peninsula, from the Alps to Sicily. The exception? The Island of Sardinia, which has an independent power grid and not connected to the continental system (as the Canary Islands here), as well as some small border areas that received a direct supply of neighboring countries. The biggest blackout in the history of Italy. The blackout surprised Italy in the early morning of Sunday. Although this mitigated the initial chaos compared to the blackout of Spain (fewer people in public transport, in factories, locked in elevators), the impact was deep and durable throughout the day. Thousands of passengers were also trapped in trains in the middle of nowhere. Hospitals and emergency services activated their diesel generators, but the situation tested their abilities. The meters of cities like Rome and Milan stopped working. The traffic lights went out, complicating traffic. Although many mobile phone antennas had batteries, overload affected communications in some areas. In Rome, the blackout coincided with the “Notte Bianca”, the annual night in which museums open, there are concerts and night activities. Everything was interrupted, plunging thousands of citizens in unexpected darkness. The lack of electricity lasted for hours. A delicate recovery. Restore the electricity supply after a total collapse (the now famous start From energy zero) It is not as simple as pressing a switch. Italy showed that it is a slow, complex and gradual process. Many of the large thermal plants needed external energy to start their own auxiliary systems. As the centrals generate energy again, they have to synchronize perfectly in frequency and voltage with the incipient network. An error can cause new disconnections. Demand must gradually reintroduce as the generation increases. Connect too fast load can overload the newly restored network and cause another collapse. It is a delicate dance between supply and demand. Between four and 18 hours. For these reasons, the recovery was unequal. The regions of northern Italy, closer to European interconnections and with greater capacity for their own generation, began to recover electricity in about 3-4 hours. However, the center and south, especially Sicily, took much more. Some areas remained without electricity for 18 hours or more. Finally, electricity was restored block to block, city to city, in a process that extended during almost all of Sunday. The Italian blackout of 2003 remains a case study on the complexity and fragility of our energy infrastructure. A reminder that small events like a fallen tree can turn off a whole country. Image | Victor Romero (Flickr, CC BY-C-SA 2.0) In Xataka | What is the “energy zero” and why the supply can go suddenly but it takes hours to recover

Before the lack of steel, the ships of World War II began to be built with an unusual material: concrete

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Close your eyes and think about the main material of a ship. Quite possibly Wood is the first Let it come to mind, and it is normal: we have millennia sailing in wooden ships, and we continue to do so. But it is also logical that the steel that dominated the XX and XX shipsand the Current marine monstersit is around ideas. And most likely you have not thought of another material: the concrete. But yes, for 150 years we were creating concrete ships, and far from crazy, it was the most logical idea. And even used in the first and Second World War. A Frenchman. A good day from the mid -nineteenth century, a French man named Joseph-Louis Lambot It occurred to him to build a boat. Not anyone: one of reinforced concrete. There was a problem: in 1848, they had no idea what reinforced concrete was. This material, basically, is the mixture between concrete and steel. Both combine to create something with much greater structural resistance and has been since their invention the basis of the most imposing, dams and almost any construction of the last century. Well, it was Joseph-Louis that came up with the two materials. At least, I know attribute The invention of reinforced concrete to this man. As always, there is controversy with the dates, with whom he patented the reinforced concrete, who built the first slab, etc. But well: Lambot wanted to prove his invention and built a small boat less than four meters with the aim of exhibiting it in the Universal Exhibition of Paris of 1855. Enough advantages. Basically, the interior was wire mesh covered by cement and Lambot’s idea was to completely replace the wood. The invention liked it, but it really did not attract the attention of ship manufacturers. Some barges were created for European channels, but little else. Everything changed when the Italian engineer Carlo Gabellini built the Liguria in 1896. It is the one we consider as the first reinforced concrete ship designed to navigate on the high seas. And, really, it made sense to create reinforced concrete ships. It is a material that has great corrosion resistance, so the marine environment does not damage the helmet, reducing maintenance (that also has it) and extending its useful life. It offered good thermal insulation, so perishable resources could be transported in better conditions and there were no fire problems. The Namsenfjord In the absence of bread … A few years later, the construction of these concrete ships expanded and other countries began to build, especially freighters. But of course, we are in 1914 and that means something happened: the World War I. And beyond the advantages of concrete against other materials, the world was forced to create concrete ships for a very simple reason: There was no steel. The militarization and industrialization of the belligerent forces caused a situation of Steel shortage. The ships were important, since the naval supremacy It has always been a determining factor in a conflict, but with the steel necessary for a destroyer you could create many other things. And the problem is that they had to continue building ships because there were resources to move worldwide. World War I. The revolution came with the Namsenfjorda Norwegian ship that, in 1917, showed that self -propelled concrete ships could be made. It was 26 meters in length and weighed a whopping 400 tons and most importantly: the United States saw that there was a potential in these ships beyond serving as charges propelled by an auxiliary ship. Thus, they created the Emergency Fleet Corporation program with the aim of producing 24 concrete ships. It was a failure: those who completed themselves, did it after the war, so it had to be allocated in other things. One was the SS FAithwhich was going to serve in the war, but in the end it remained to be used in transport work in the United States. It was thrown in 1919, it was in service until in 1921 it was sold to Cuba and had a length of 97.54 meters. A year after Faith, the SS Selmaa huge reinforced concrete mole of 129.54 meters in length that was launched just the day when Germany signed the Treaty of Versaillesending the First World War. It ended up using as a oil tanker in the Gulf of Mexico. With candles and a secondary support motor Demolish disadvantages. With the finished war, interest in the construction of concrete ships deflated. It still had advantages, because building them was much cheaper than making them in steel or iron, but if we mentioned a series of advantages, it is important to know the disadvantages (which exceed them, and by far). To match the resistance of a steel helmet, the concrete is thicker, which has several limitations. On the one hand, it weighs more, so it also has a major draft, the displacement of the ship is slower and more fuel is needed. That is thicker implies that there is less interior space for load, since the useful volume is reduced. That weight makes engines must be more powerful and that fuel tanks are also greater, so the investment in this part is greater. The dike to build it must also be monstrous because you cannot weld parts, such as steel, and then there is resistance to impacts. Second World War. The metal breaks, yes, but it has a greater elasticity than the concrete. This material, however, is much more fragile to impacts. A collision causes a crack in the helmet, and this on a ship that weighs so much is a conviction. That is why, after the great war, the concrete ship project was abandoned, leaving its construction practically limited to the loading barges, but then World War II arrived, and the steel needs of the previous one were repeated. However, the US program was not as ambitious as the one that began 20 years before and yes, concrete ships were … Read more

Barcelona began to excavate to build a parking. Ended up discovering a medieval ship of 10 my and uncertain origin

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His intention was to build a new parking, but the team in charge of the works of the Ciutadella del Coneixementin Barcelona, ​​has ended up doing something very different: finding an archaeological finding that has already captured the interest of the historians of the Catalan capital. And it’s normal. What technicians have located under the ground of the city, to five meters Under the sea level, it is neither more nor less than a medieval long -won over 10 meters long and three wide. The first studies estimate that the boat dates from the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries, but questions are left to answer. What happened? That the Barcelona subsoil has just given a surprise (and a joy) to historians. Another one. A few weeks ago, during the construction works of the future Parking of the BSM in the Ciutadella del Coneixement, archaeologists located the remains of a ship that, according to the first estimates, would date from the fifteenth or sixteenth centuries. It is not the first once the work on the site of the old Mercat del Peix brought to light remains of historical interest, but as Recognize The Archeology Service of the Barcelona City Council is “exceptional”. Good proof is that the town hall has launched A statement (and a wide image gallery) to value the wreck and team of archaeologists in charge of documenting the remains has spoken with the means to clear some doubts. What have you discovered? The “partial remains Of a sunk ship “, a boat that ended up wafraling or abandoned and priori (already waiting for her to advance her study), experts have dated between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. To be more precise, during their investigation, archaeologists have found a structure formed by thirty notebooks and part of the wooden pieces that covered the exterior of the fuselage. In total the pec ten meters long for just over three wide. “The tables are nailed in the notebooks with circular section timber, a kind of wooden nails that served to join the parts. Two longitudinal pieces set with iron nails are also preserved,” details The City Council Archeology Service. In the world’s surroundings, very fertile sand and alms have also been located that include “organic remains” of interest, such as hazelnut seeds or even pineapple remains. Do we know anything else? In addition to date it around the fifteenth and sixteenth, experts They point that the construction style of the ship was common in the Mediterranean medieval and extended throughout Europe from the mid -XV. They are however Some questions for responding, as its exact origin or what function I played. To clear some of those unknowns archaeologists are also investigating the remains of seeds and alms that surround the wreck. What will happen to him? The City Council He has stressed The importance of the finding because it is “a unique source of knowledge” on navigation and naval construction techniques that were used in the Barcelona of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. However, not everything is in his favor. The remains are found in a “very fragile state of conservation”, which forces experts to be cautious. To prevent the soaked from drying and degraded by being exposed to the weather, the technicians have partially kept it with the sand that has been used for centuries. The objective of the Archeology Service of Barcelona and the Archaeological Museum of Catalonia is now to document the remains and “guarantee the conservation” of the wreck, which has already been baptized as ‘Citadel I’. “The first actions have included three -dimensional documentation works, the marking of the pieces, the sampling and the preparation of the transfer in containers full of water that ensure the temporary conservation of the remains,” The Consistory requires. The materials will be transferred to “specialized facilities” so that they can treat them with water and hydrosoluble wax, a substance with which the structure is to be reinforced. What tells us about Barcelona? The wreck is not interesting only for the boat itself and what can be told about medieval navigation or naval. Another key is what can tell us about the development of Barcelona. After all, the remains appeared in the old Mercat del Peix, at a depth of more than five meters under sea level. Archaeologists have already They slid that its location can be related to the transformation of the maritime front. “The finding, which from a technical point of view is known as melter, is part of a historical context of transformation of the maritime front. From 1439, with the construction of the first artificial tenazes, the dynamics of the coastline was altered and the sand bar known as the task, which had protected the city for centuries” Clarify The City Council. In 2008 it was already located A similar ship near the station of France. Images | Barcelona’s Decrease In Xataka | We finally know what sailors ate at the high seas in the 16th century. Thanks to the CSIC and a sunk galeon

In 1995, a reading club began reading James Joyce’s most difficult book. 28 years later it is finally finished

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More than a quarter of a century has taken Gerry Fialka, a Californian experimental filmmaker, in bringing a very ambitious purpose: a reading club of ‘Finnegans Wake‘, James Joyce’s book that is famous not only for his extraordinary literary quality, but for the difficulty involved in his pages. Literary nightmare. ‘Finnegans Wake ‘was published by deliveries from 1924, and was only edited as a book fifteen years later, when its title was also revealed. Since its first edition, the hostility of critics and readers was won by Your difficultywhich sometimes seems to be written in An invented language (in fact, mix words of seventy languages), and with which Joyce seeks to reproduce the way in which memories are ordered and reproducedwith words of multiple meanings and that try to challenge literary conventions at all times. 28 years. From this monumental fuck (‘Finnegans Wake’ is the closest that literature has been to generate a completely new means of expression), Fialka congregated every month in a local library to a group of between ten and thirty people. Your mission: comment in each session two pages of the book. The purpose was so ambitious that they ended up having to reduce it to a single page a month. They began in 1995 and 28 years later, in November 2023, they managed to finish reading full ‘Finnegans Wake’. Why get into this authentic scrub? The Guardian He spoke with Fialka when the reading came to an end, and some of his usual people commented on the appeal they had found in the monumental task. Bruce Woodsis, a 74 -year -old Disney retired animator, says that although “there are 628 pages of things that look like typographic errors,” he has not stopped rereading the novel since his adolescence, and that he finds in it “something of visionary.” Woodsis allowed himself to leave the club for two decades to return to him when he found no other to analyze it so intelligently. At that time, the club had only advanced fifteen chapters. A special club … With such a special purpose and novel, it is clear that we do not talk about a club to use. Fialka himself defines him more as “a Performance Artistic that a reading club “, and also speaks of the club as” a living organism. “The group ended up finding a purpose despite a few initial months of chaos and gallimaties comparable to the sensations that the book itself awakened. The curious thing is that the interpretations of the work themselves are all valid, because Joyce died not long after publishing it: he could not explain it. … for a special book. Sam Slote, One of the greatest experts In Joyce of the world, he affirms that “we must accept that no one will understand it, and that is where the idea of ​​community reading enters.” After all, Joyce himself affirmed that “the demand I make to my reader is that I dedicate all his life to read my works.” Fialka and his people seem to follow their indications, although they are not the only ones: Slote states that there are more than fifty reading groups of ‘Finnegans Wake’ throughout the world. Other clubs. Some of them seem to be trapped in an eternal literary return: the ‘Finnegans Wake’ club of Zurich has read it three times in forty years. One of them lasted eleven. And when they end, they start again, something that the book itself helps: the last sentence is interrupted in the middle and recover on the first page. Of course, Fialka himself, who is already seventy years old, has had no choice but to start again: in November last year they began their second reading of ‘Finnegans Wake’. Header | Unspash In Xataka | I thought I should always read new books, until the rereading showed me what I was losing me

A user bought a state -of -the -art connected dishwasher. There began his nightmare

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“I will not connect my dishwasher to your stupid cloud.” That has been The declaration of intentions From Jeff Geerling, a well -known YouTuber, after buying a new household appliance. It is something that we are living for years: the condemnation of the products that force us to spy on everything they do because if they do not work as they should theoretically. Premieving dishwasher. This week Geerling explained in his blog and also In a video on YouTube How he bought a new dishwasher from the Bosch brand. Specifically, one of the 500 series, because I had seen it recommended in Consumer Reports, a well -known organization of consumers and users in the US. After the installation the surprise came: I could not turn it on and put it to work without more. Wi-Fi and Mandatory Online Account. When trying to start it and start a clarified cycle, Geerling realized that he could not activate that option. After reading the manual he knew why. I needed to do two things first. The first, connect your dishwasher to your domestic wi-fi network. The second, create an account in the Bosch Home Connect service, which would allow you to access the option of clarified and some additional options, such as ecological or medium load mode. I could not even use the basic options via Bluetooth for example: it had to connect it to the Wi-Fi network and create the account yes or yes. If you want screen, it’s time to pay more. The dishwasher that bought this youtuber is a model that costs around $ 1,000. In spite of this – or precisely because of that – it did not have physical buttons, and the controls are tactile and are at the dishwasher door when opening it. There is also no screen that allows you to know how much time it remains for the washing cycle to end, for example. The upper series, the Bosch 800, do have that screen, but there is to pay $ 400. Why do I need a dishwasher app? As Geerling indicated, a local application with some type of direct wireless connection – but without connection to the outside or the rest of the local network devices – could make sense, but this did not have it. That you have to control virtually all the options and information of your washing machine mandatory through an app and a Wi-Fi connection was absurd according to your opinion. “I don’t need internet in my dishwasher,” he said. Few and bad options. This YouTuber is a technology expert and is accustomed to finding solutions to these types of problems. He talked about how maybe I could not use those advanced options, but if you spend $ 1,000 in a dishwasher it seems like not strange not to be able to use them. He also thought of using a VLAN network for IoT devices (a separate and isolated network). Nor hack it compensates too much. There is even an even more technical option, because someone has made reverse engineering of the Bosch protocol and has created a HCPY protocol To control these dishwashers without the manufacturer being able to do anything. However, that would force him to devote several more hours to putting everything in motion and all he wanted was to be able to use his dishwasher in a simple way. And he could return the appliance, but he had also invested time and effort to install it at home. A dishwasher should not connect to the Internet. For Geerling Bosch’s strategy is an absolute mistake. Among other things because if you depend on an application and a cloud service to use your dishwasher, Bosch will have to manage and maintain that service, which means two things: either they are selling the data of your use of the appliance, or will end up closing the service or migrating it to be a subscription service, something that has passed in similar scenarios. And a potential security hole. But it is also that a dishwasher is part of your domestic network opens another potential attack vector. If someone manages to find vulnerability in Bosch dishwasher, they will have access to the rest of your local area network. That It has also happened. Not onebut several times. Not everything needs to be connected. Geerling’s conclusion – with which we agree – is that IoT appliances and products should be designed with a maximum: first that they work at home, and then, if perhaps, they work in the cloud as something optional. This dishwasher is an example of a trend that can make sense in some areas, but not of course in this concrete. Image | Jeff Geerling In Xataka | We are running out of “dumb” appliances. The latest LG is a microwave with screen and speakers

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