A genetic megaestudio reveals to what extent we continue to know little

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Epilepsy is a disease of which We have a lot to investigate To be able to better understand everything behind. And little by little we are advancing in them. Specifically, an international team of researchers has put in check the idea that autism is only one type. In a study Published in Nature, it has been revealed that autism diagnosed in the early stages of life has a genetic development profile different from that which is diagnosed late. This finding not only explains part of the Huge diversity Within the spectrum, but it forces us to rethink how we understand, diagnose and investigate. What did we know. Until now, it was known that the age of diagnosis of autism varies greatly. Although it can be detected from 18 months, many receive their diagnosis in late childhood or even adulthood. It was thought that this was mainly due to social factors, clinical or the subtlety of symptoms. However, this new study shows that there is something deeper: a different genetic basis. The discovery. The study, which has been categorized as one of the greatest facts in history, analyzed the genetic and behavior data of more than 45,000 autistic people in Europe and the United States. The results are clear in this case: the polygenic architecture of autism can be divided into two great genetic factors that correlate with the age of diagnosis of this problem. Early diagnosis. This is the first factor and occurs when the genetic profile is associated with an earlier diagnosis and greater difficulties in social and communication skills during the early age of childhood. Interestingly, its genetic correlation with other mental health conditions such as ADHD It is moderate but significant. Late diagnosis. In the event that it is not done in the early stages of life, we are already in another genetic factor different from the first. In this case it is much more difficult to have socio -emotional and behavioral reactions during adolescence. The most striking thing in this case is that it presents a moderate to high genetic correlation with ADHD and other psychiatric pathologies such as depression, anxiety or post -traumatic stress disorder. In this way, as explained Varun Warrierneurologist at the University of Cambridge and main author of the study in statements To El País “the truth is that we did not expect such wide genetic variation between the profiles stratified by age at the time of diagnosis.” The behavior. These genetic profiles correspond to two different development trajectories observed in the participants. Using birth cohorts data, the researchers identified two patterns. The first is the one that arises in early childhood and is categorized by difficulties that appear soon and remain stable or decrease slightly in adolescence. People in this trajectory are more likely to be diagnosed in childhood. In a second point there is the one that arises in late childhood where people present less difficulties of young people, but these increase significantly when they grow until they reach adolescence. Why is it important. Uta Fith, one of the most expert in development disorders of the University College London, summarizes it for the SMC portal: “The article demonstrates that autism is not a unit condition. It makes it clear that children diagnosed early and those diagnosed later constitute two very different subgroups.” Fith goes further and directly attacks misinformation: “It is time to recognize that autism has become a disaster drawer of different conditions. If you talk about an ‘autism epidemic’, a ’cause of autism’ or a ‘treatment for autism’, the immediate question should be: what kind of autism do we speak?”. This discovery right now helps to explain why previous genetic studies on autism and ADHD showed contradictory results. The answer was in the average age of diagnosis of the samples used: at the highest age of diagnosis, the greater the genetic correlation between autism and ADHD. The weight of genetics. According to the investigation, the common genetic variants explain about 11% of the variation in the diagnosis age. It may not seem like a very high figure, but as Warrier clarifies, “it is similar or superior to most other factors that we have evaluated: concurrent language delays, intellectual disability, sex, socio -economic status of parents …”. In fact, individual sociodemographic and clinical factors rarely explain more than 15% of this variance. This does not make the rest of the diseases related to the disease less important. Access to Health, gender bias (Women are usually diagnosed later because they learn to disguise their behaviors), stigma or social camouflage remain crucial to understand when a person receives their diagnosis. In short, this study forces us to change the singular for the plural. Perhaps in the future let’s not talk about autism, but about autisms, each with their own genetic bases, development trajectories and support needs. A crucial step to offer more personalized help and to silence scientific populism that seeks unique and simple causes for a deeply complex condition. A very complex moment. Right now autism is in the mouth of many people, not only because Autism diagnoses is increasingbut also by Donald Trump’s statements that He blames to take Paracetamol In pregnancy as a risk factor of having this disease. Images | Alireza Attari Warren Umoh In Xataka | Bill Gates and the autistic spectrum: a family revelation that sheds light on its personality and success profession

Many are still convinced that Instagram listens to the microphone. The app of the app has wanted to set the subject

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In a meeting between friends you talk about making a weekend getaway, rural houses and whether it is worth renting a car. Hours later, when Instagram opens, ads appear for travel agencies, car rental portals and route recommendations. The feeling that The mobile “hears us” It is installed easily. In this context, Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, published a video to disassemble that myth and explain why we see ads that seem to guess our conversations. Meta has almost a decade denying sharply that their applications access the microphone without permission, but doubts never disappear at all. Now the discussion returns to the front line because The company has announced thatas of December, conversations with their artificial intelligence assistant will also be part of the customization of ads and recommendations (this change will not apply, at least for now, in the European Union). The denial and this novelty have communicated almost at the same time, which adds a striking nuance to the message. Mosseri says they don’t listen to us, while finishing another key novelty The closeness between both communications did not go unnoticed. Instagram head chosen a personal tone, even light, but at the same time he wanted cut the suspicion that the application listens to its users. He presented that statement as a starting point on which to build his explanation. His words were clear and it is worth reproducing them in full: “We do not listen to you. We do not use the microphone of the phone to spy on. If we did, it would be a serious violation of privacy. In addition, we would exhaust the battery of the device and noticed it, and you would even see a small light in the upper part of the screen that would tell you that the microphone is on.” For Mosseri, what seems to really be the effect of four quite common situations. One possibility is that before talking about a topic and lor we have sought without remembering it. Another is that someone in our environment has done it and the platform takes it as a indication. It can also happen that the announcement has appeared before and we did not pay attention, but that it later sneaks into the conversation. And the simplest explanation of all remains: it is a mere coincidence. “I want to reiterate that we do not listen to your microphone. I know that some of you are not going to believe me no matter how much I try to explain, but I wanted to make things clear. I am sure that the comments in this publication will be a bit intense. We see you soon. Paz.” It was not the first time that the company was trying to settle the suspicion. In 2016, Facebook said that did not use the phone’s microphone to guide ads or to change what appears in the Feed. Two years later, in an appearance before the United States Senate, Mark Zuckerberg was asked directly on the subject and rSponge With a “no” just as sharp. Years later, Meta support website itself included A document on the same line. Click to watch the video on Instagram Doubts about possible listening also led the academic community to test it. In 2017, a group of researchers from Northeastern University analyzed more than 17,000 Android applications, including those of Facebook, to check if they activated the microphone without the user knowing. After months of evidence, They found no evidence What happened. They did observe other data collection behaviors, but do not listen undercover. The authors themselves clarified, yes, that there were scenarios that were left out of their study. Beyond the studies, there is a technical aspect that should be remembered. In current mobiles, both in iOS and Android, any application that wants to use the microphone You need explicit user permission. In addition, when an actor appears active on the screen (a color point or a warning in the upper bar) that immediately points it. These notices, together with the extra battery consumption that would involve permanent listening, make it difficult to hide an undercover use of the microphone without the user noticed. The persistence of this myth is better understood if the context is observed. The directed advertising is so precise and so difficult to decipher for the average user that it is easier to attribute it to a microphone on than to an invisible data network. Our memory also influences. To this is added the history of mattress controversies in privacy. Images | Brett Jordan | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 | Screen capture In Xataka | I’ve been hooked to Sora 2 for two days: I’m generating absurd memes where I am the protagonist and I can’t stop

Openai signs with Samsung and SK Hynix for a potential chips demand of 900,000 wafers per month. It is an absurd figure

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In Seoul A package of agreements was closed which reflects how far the career for artificial intelligence is coming. Openai sat down with Samsung and SK to advance his project Stargate And the companies pointed to a goal that surprises on its own: 900,000 DRAM wafers per month. The plan, according to the parties, goes through reinforcing memory production and studying new data centers in South Korea. All this was announced after a series of meetings of Sam Altman, business leaders and President Lee Jae-Myung himself. The appointment at the Seoul presidential office brought together Sam Altman With the leaders of the aforementioned Asian technological conglomerates, in the presence of the president Lee Jae-Myung. The tone was shared: Korea seeks to consolidate as one of the three global powers in artificial intelligence and OpenAi needs to anchor its Stargate project in regions with technological muscle. This lace explains the interest of both parties in formalizing agreements that cover from the memory supply to the construction of new data centers, with a long -term view. An objective that can tension the entire memory sector The volume that has been put on the table is disproportionate if compared to the market. According to Techinsightsthe global capacity of production of 300 millimeter DRAM was about 2.07 million per month in 2024 and would grow to 2.25 million in 2025. reaching 900,000 would mean about 39% of all that capacity. No individual manufacturer reaches such a figure alone, so that the magnitude of the agreement reflects both Openai’s ambition and the growing pressure to ensure the supply of advanced memory. Signed documents include preliminary commitments to expand memory production and evaluate additional infrastructure in South Korea. Among them is the participation of Samsung SDS in the development of data centers, as well as Samsung C&T and Samsung Heavy Industries in its design and construction. The Ministry of Science and ICT contemplates evaluating site outside the Metropolitan Area of ​​Seoul, and SK Telecom has signed an agreement to study the viability of a center in the southwest of the country. It is also proposed to explore the deployment of Chatgpt Enterprise and API capabilities in corporate operations. A key point in all this is in the difference between using and training a model. When someone consults a chatbot, infrastructure of inference is activated, much less demanding. But to train a new generation system, thousands of chips are needed working in parallel, each accompanied by High performance memory modules. This scale multiplies the need for servers, cooling systems and electrical power. In that context, guaranteeing hundreds of thousands of wafers per month does not seem an excess, but a way of ensuring that the next wave of models has the necessary material support. Stargate Data Center in the United States Openai’s computing muscle relies on huge draft alliances. With Oracle and SoftBankthe company prepares five data centers that would provide several capacity gigawatts. Nvidia, meanwhile, has announced that it would invest up to 100,000 million dollars and that would give access to more than 10 gigawatts through their training systems. Openai’s trajectory is not understood without Microsoft, his first great partner. The Initial bet of 1 billion in 2019 and the subsequent investment of 10,000 million gave access to the Azure cloud, Key to train models They promoted Chatgpt. Over time, however, Sam Altman’s company has begun to reduce that dependence. The last movements mark a change of course towards infrastructure in which OpenAI has more direct control, a way of making sure they are not conditioned to a single supplier. It should be remembered that many of the ads remain preliminary. Letters of intention and memoranda mark the will to advance, But concrete details have not yet closed. At the scale that Stargate raises, the risks are evident: from bottlenecks in the production of high performance memory to energy availability to feed facilities of several gigawatts. To this are added the necessary permits and the complexity of coordinating projects with so many actors. At the moment, the signed opens a path, but it remains to be seen what materializes and in what deadlines. Images | Sam Altman | Samsung | SK Hynix | Xataka with Grok In Xataka | I’ve been hooked to Sora 2 for two days: I’m generating absurd memes where I am the protagonist and I can’t stop

Millions of Spaniards consume benzodiazepines to sleep at night. They do not know that it is an poisoned candy

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On July 13, 2010, two days after Spain won the World Cup in South Africa, a Facebook user He putas the name of a group of that social network a phrase for history as a title of a group of that social network: “I am Spanish, what do you want me to win?” He talked about sports, of course. But if I had to choose a non-sports land to beat almost any other nationality, I would have (sadly) clear: The consumption of benzodiazepines. And if we talk about sleeping medications, I would bet on Lorazepam. A medication … paradoxical. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine of intermediate action. In general terms, it works in the brain as a specific agonist of most subtypes of the Gabaa receiver. That is what makes it act as anxiolytic, sedative, muscle, anticonvulsive and amnesic. But, generalized (and even if the lormatazepan is better), it is prescribed to sleep. Why does it help to sleep? This medication facilitates Conciliation (helps to fall asleep), increases the total sleep time (in the first shots – therefore, treatments of more than four weeks are not recommended) and reduces night awakenings. It is, as it is easy to see, a resource very helpful to a problem increasingly widespread. And why is it ‘paradogical’? Because those ‘benefits’ have costs. To start, leave hangover. Being an intermediate action drug, it can leave some drowsiness or stunning after awakening. But that is little. The worst thing is that it modifies sleep architecture. In essence, the deep sleep phase and the ReM phase tend to reduce. That makes the sleep more continuous and less repairing. As The Uxoa Olaizola Pharmaceutical“Maybe you sleep, but your brain is not resting.” As if that were not enough, you can create addiction. This is better known and, in fact, it is one of the problems with the benzos. About 10% of the Spanish population has consumed them without a recipe, and 7.2% do so daily. We have a problem and it is quite serious. “75% of Spaniards wake up at least once At night, and 3 out of 10 directly affirm that they suffer from insomnia. “And, eye, the scientific evidence available tells us that we tend to think that we sleep better than we really do. Reality, surely, is much worse. And he will go more; With all its consequences. Lack of sleep is related to immunological problems, Metabolic, Cardiovascular emotional and cognitive; With disorders such as diabetes or of the obesity. Not just that sleeping little causes us to be more tired and irritablebut Raise our stress levels And it makes us Assume more risks And make more wrong. Hopefully not to mistake on this. Image | Shane | Roberto Sorin In Xataka | Science has been trying to find out what is the best time to go to sleep. And it is already close to an answer

What has been shot is the rest of the bill

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The receipt of natural gas becomes more expensive with the arrival of autumn. On October 1, a new upload of the natural gas receipt entered into force. The last resort rate (TUR) is scanned on average 13.2% in homes and between 12% and 20.1% in neighborhood communities, According to the resolution published in the Official State Gazette (BOE). The climb occurs in full start of the heating season, an especially sensitive moment for families that depend on gas to heat their homes. More increases? Each quarter, the Ministry for Ecological Transition always updates the TUR. The mechanism is automatic: if the cost of the raw material varies more than 2%, the rate is updated. And this October, the combination of three factors has been decisive: Seasonal gas: each fall is incorporated into the calculation because in winter the demand increases. Only that component causes the cost of the raw material to shoot 24.9% compared to July. International markets: Actually, base gas has reduced 6.5% thanks to the Brent drop Already a stronger euro against the dollar. But that respite has been buried by seasonal surcharge. The tolls and regulated charges: that finance transport and distribution. According to the OCUthis year they have risen strongly, especially in the fixed term of the invoice, which in some cases has shot up to 43%. In summary, although in the part of the international markets there has not been a disruptive change, the regulated adjustments and the entrance of the winter gas have ended up pushing the upward rate. How much do I have to pay for gas? The answer depends on how much each home consumes. The regulated rate (TUR) is divided into sections according to the annual use, which allows to easily identify what rate corresponds to each case: Tur1: up to 5,000 kWh/year. They are normally homes that only use cooking gas or for the hot sanitary water. In this section, the fixed is € 3.93/month and the variable in € 0.045/kWh. Tur2: Up to 15,000 kWh/year. It is the most common rate in families that use gas for both hot water and heating. Here the fixed rises to € 8.11/month and the variable to € 0.043/kWh. Tur3: Up to 50,000 kWh/year. It is applied in large homes with intensive heating or in small businesses. The fixed is € 18.82/month and the variable drops to € 0.039/kWh. In more practical data, According to the OCUan average home with 9,000 kWh a year goes from 553 to 619 euros per year, that is, 66 euros more in a single quarter. On the other hand, in neighboring communities there are special rates (Tur4 to Tur11), ranging from 50,000 kWh to very high consumption. Here the increases are higher: from 12% to 20.1%. Tur4 rises 15%, Tur7 19.2%and Tur11 20.1%. The hardest blow will be received by those who use the gas for heating, since the fixed term is paid every month although it is not consumed. Even so, the OCU emphasize that the Tur It is still cheaper than many free market rates, where some customers even pay twice. Beyond the invoice. The increase in gas does not affect only the families that use it for heating or hot water. It also conditions the electrical system. After the blackout of April 28, Red Eléctrica reinforced the use of combined gas cycles to give stability to the network. And what was born as an emergency measure has become the new normality: when solar and wind generation falls, The support continues to put the gas. This explains a paradox: Spain produces more renewable energy than ever, but not being able to store it sufficiently, gas enters to meet demand and ends marking prices. In other words: although the electricity and the gas invoice are different, the role of gas in the system makes both connected. There will be more changes in the future. And we already count it in Xatakabetween 2028 and 2032 eight million gas counters will be replaced. The new ones will be intelligent, will allow real -time readings and reduce fraud, but they will also cost more: the rent will go from € 0.58 to € 1.10/month, about 6 euros more a year for each home. The government defends that, in the long term, it will be saved on consumption and emissions, but in the short term it will be another rise in the invoice. The look set in January 2026. When the rates will be checked again. Everything will depend on the contribution of the gas, the euro against the dollar and the regulated tolls. But the context does not invite optimism, since the EU has extended the obligation to store 90% of the gas, which maintains pressure on demand. In addition, the Spanish electrical system will continue to need gas as supportat least until 2026, because there is not enough storage or intelligent networks. Finally, investments in digitalization and modernization (Accountants, batteries, micro -redes) will bring more fixed costs for consumers. In short, the gas will remain a volatile terrain and, although the regulated rate continues to be the most competitive, it is not a safe refuge. The increase in this October recalls that energy continues to mark the pulse of the family economy and that, until there is a system capable of storing and taking better advantage of renewables, gas will continue to dictate the rules of the game and invoice. Image | Freepik Xataka | Natural gas has become essential in the AI ​​era, and this chart exposes countries with the largest reserves

The main work of the creator of ‘Doom’ remains to explain how demons exist ‘doom’

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John Romero’s enthusiasm is contagious: we agree that his main work, although he continues to devote himself to programming, is essentially to explain the ‘Doom‘. And it does it great. Romero is not only very aware of the essentials for the history of the piece he created with the rest of Software idbut he knows perfectly why, today, he is still the favorite video game of many fans. And he told us with hairs and signs in the Comic-with Malagawhere he came to explain what, in his opinion, the essential bases of the DNA of the FPS genre were. The original ‘doom’ is considered today a technical feat for many reasons that Romero himself was in charge of getting ourselves meticulously, but from the first minute, he made it clear what in ID knew that he had to have the game to shine above his competitors and his venerable predecessors: an infernal speed. He tells us that “we needed to design new techniques to create light and dark in a 3D world. And how to do it with very high frame speeds, which was the biggest obstacle: try to do it very fast” To get at that speed First they had to invent a new way of making 3D: “For a time ‘doom’ looked like what we had done in Wolfenstein 3D, because we mentally still there, doing things as they were done before us.” And how were things done before? “Wolfenstein’s walls were 90 degrees completely illuminated. But in ‘Doom’ there were stairs, dark corridors, immense open spaces, lots of monsters, and nobody had never seen anything like that before. We had no references. So we could only create, test, invent and try to improve it little by little.” Everything points to amounts of demential work, and Romero confirms it: “And the speed was not everything. The sound, the multiplayer (‘doom’ was the first in high speed, and with different ways, cooperative and Deathmatch), allowing people to modify the game and change it. And, well, all these things happened in a single game. And on top of that we wanted to launch it for Christmas. “A real madness, but he does not doubt a second to remember that schedule and design it” was very fun. “ History matters There is a very widespread topic, which is that ‘doom’ has no history, and indeed, the argument is of a minimum density, but That does not mean that he does not strive to convey an atmosphere and a narrative. “There was a general history,” Romero tells us, “for which we inspire ourselves in D&D. I always try to make games different from everything that players have experienced before: with ‘Wolfenstein 3D’, no one had faced Nazis like that. In the ‘Castle Wolfenstein’ ‘on which we rely, 11 years before, you had to camouflage yourself as Nazi. And if not, you were detained without the possibility of response. And we said: ‘Let’s put in this game a frontal confrontation with the Nazis’ “ And that philosophy translates into ‘doom’: “We could not have a science fiction game in which we only kill aliens, because that was what was expected. What could we do to be different? The idea of ​​’Doom’ emerged from the ‘Dungoons & Dragons’ campaign to which we had been playing for years and that ended because the demons multiplied they multiplied with everyone What existed. And they adding elements to the mixture: “We were inspired by the movie ‘Aliens’ in the space marines and Fast action, that tension, suspense and terror of having so many things moving around youwanting to kill you. And then evil for black humor, shotgun, chainsaw and attitude. “Finally, it is time to ask for an impossible. We ask Romero to make a total summary of ‘doom’, of his influence and impact. Why do we keep talking about the game decades later? “We can divide its influence into two branches: technical and cultural,” he says. “Technically, we boost the industry towards the 3D. When things have been successful for a long time, it is not easy to overcome them. And in the eighties, the lateral displacement games had been very popular and a lot of personalized hardware was created to manage this genre, such as the Super Nintendo or the friend.” Thus, “Domestic computers and consoles wore incredible dedicated chips. A lot of work was invested in R&D to manufacture these things. And huge companies, multimillionaire companies, launched these things to the market. But we think: “We are going to go to 3D, people are tired.” But there were no graphics cards, so we had to try to make my best with what we had. Technology at full speed Another important technical aspect in ‘Doom’ is the integration of the multiplayer in the game: “Today the game that does not carry multiplayer is rare, but then the strange was incorporated. Our intention was not only to take it, but to integrate it into everything we had already created for the individual mode. We put that multiplayer mode during the last three months of the game development, when we thought” shit And we schedule it in a hurry. And culturally, how did ‘doom’ mark the environment? Romero lists some details (“Heavy metal had never been heard in a commercial game”), but stays with two aspects that certainly changed everything definitively. On the one hand, ID launched instructions to freely modify the game, which generated a community around it: “We launched the game in 1993, and In 1997 we published all source codesyou could take the game and do everything you would like with him, without consulting us. Moreover, we get involved in the community and that helped it grow out of control. “ And that was from the same concept of the game: “We created it thinking that people could change the game at will, so that it was modifiable, and we published all the data explaining how to modify the levels and others. So, … Read more

We had been believing that dark matter existed. A new study believes that we were wrong

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For decades, cosmology has been sustained on a pillar as fundamental as mysterious: The dark matter. The invisible glue that, according to the standard model, keeps galaxies together and prevents the stars from being fired by centrifugal force.Represents 27% of the universebut it has a problem: nobody has seen or detected it. It only trusts that it will be there. But now A published study in Galaxies This conception of the concept has changed. The study. Research led by the physicist Rajendra P. Gupta From the University of Ottawa proposes an idea as elegant as radical: what if dark matter does not really exist? According to his work, this ghost component could actually be an ‘illusion’, a side effect caused by something we were assumed: that the fundamental constants of nature are ‘constant’. The importance. To understand the magnitude of this proposal you must first remember the origin of the problem. Specifically, we have to go to the 70s, where astronomer Vera Rubin noticed that the stars at the edges of the galaxies revolved at the same speed those of the center. This completely challenged Newton’s laws, something that is as if a person sitting on the outer edge spinning at the same speed as a sitting near the axis. Physically, it should be triggered. The solution that the scientific community adopted was the existence of a “dark matter”, an invisible mass that generates the extra gravity necessary to maintain cohesive galaxy. This concept became the cornerstone of the cosmological model known as ΛCDM (Lamda-Cold Dark Matter). This model works incredibly well to explain the large -scale universe, but after searches with ultrasensitive detectors and experiments in the LHC We have not found a single particle of dark matter. It has always ‘detected’ indirectly through its gravitational effect on visible objects. The proposal. This is where Gupta’s idea enters. Its model, called CCC + TL (Covarying Couplening Constants + Tirad Light), is based on two different ideas. The first one is the so -called ‘Covriant coupling constants’ (CCC). In this case, the model suggests that the fundamental constants of physics, such as the speed of light (c) or the universal gravitation constant (G), are not fixed. Instead, they evolve and change as the universe expands. This is not a completely new idea (the physicist Paul Dirac already flirted with her), but Gupta integrates it into a complete cosmological model. The second idea raised in the investigation is that of ‘tired light’. A concept that arrives directly from the old hypothesis of ‘tired light’, which postulates that light loses energy throughout its trip through the cosmos. In this case, the Gupta model suggests that the redness of the light of the distant galaxies is not only due to the expansion of the universe but to a combination of both effects. Although the “tired light” as the only explanation, has been widely refuted, its inclusion in this hybrid model is key to its calculations. New terms. Once these two new ideas are taken into account, it is time to modify Einstein’s field equations with these variable constants, the GUPTA model makes new mathematical terms appear. This is something that the author has baptized as “α-material” and “α-energy.” And this is where it is true magic: these terms, which are not a physical substance but an effect of the evolution of the laws of physics, generate the extra gravitational attraction that until now we attributed to dark matter. Dark matter would not be something to find, but a mathematical mirage. It is tested. Something to keep in mind is that theories can be very well written and look very good on paper, but logically they have to demonstrate. For this, Gupta used the SPARC database, a high quality catalog with the rotation curves of 175 galaxies. The method used was the reverse to the traditional. Instead of adding dark matter to justify rotation curves, Gupta took the curves observed and used its model to “subtract” the effect of “α-material”. The result should be the rotation curve generated only by visible (barionic) matter. Something that has wanted to materialize in a graphic taking as an example the NGC3198 galaxy. In this image, the blue line (VO) is the rotation speed observed in the galaxy. The points line (VB) is the speed that should have if only the visible matter existed, according to the estimates of SPARC and the discontinuous line (VBX) is the prediction of visible matter calculated by the GUPTA model. The similarity between the prediction of its model and the estimation of barionic matter is remarkable. Something that the author repeated for several galaxies with promising results to give a very forceful conclusion. A new paradigm. If the CCC+TL model is correct, its implications are huge. Not only would it eliminate the need for dark matter, but, according to the author, it could also explain dark energy and other cosmological enigmas, such as why the first galaxies Observed by James Webb They seem more mature than they should. You have to be cautious. This is, for now, a “proof of concept” as the author himself points out. This means that it is using simplifications, such as treating galaxies as perfect spheres, something that is far from reality in the universe. In addition, its dependence on “tired light” is a friction point with conventional cosmology. Models such as this should demonstrate that they can explain with the same precision as λCDM Key observations such as microwave background radiation or the accelerated expansion of the universe. A new advance. But what is clear with this research is that the scientific community is exploring alternatives, especially when the predominant model presents fissures, such as the absence of a direct proof of dark matter. The Gupta model is, for now, a fascinating possibility. A reminder that in science, the most entrenched truths can be questioned and that the solution to the greatest mysteries of the universe might not be to find something new, but in … Read more

The “Rider Law” aspired to improve the delivery of Spain. In the sector there are those who believe it has served the opposite

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Bit (Or very little) today has to do with today’s delivery sector, before the government approved the Legislative change that forced that Thousands of dealers stop being autonomous to swell the template of the platforms with which they operate. The known as ‘Rider Law’ He has marked the last years of the sector and has left a deep mark on both the service and in the hospitality. So deep, in fact, that in the middle of 2025 there are still voices that They question their effectiveness And they warn that it is harming Riders, websites, restaurants and customers. A “lose-lose ‘by quadruple”, They regret. What happened? That despite the over four years that have elapsed since its approval in Spain, The impact that he has had the measure at the community level and that his guidelines have been pending little by little Among companies, the ‘Rider Law’ still does not get rid of the controversy. A quick search arrives on Google to find news more or less recent than They question their effectsbut perhaps who has summarized its impact on the sector is Alejandro Hermo, CEO of the Hamburgueserías chain Goiko. Recently the manager, a voice with A certain weight In the guild, He exhibited on LinkedIn The blow that (in his opinion) is advising him the legislative change: “Delivery has been very complicated for a few months, impacting customers and restaurants.” What exactly has he said? More or less, that any past time was better. “We have gone from having a delivery system that worked as a clock, giving good service to customers and restaurants, to have a rigid, expensive and inefficient system that makes it almost impossible to cover with enough riders the peak hours, causing the restaurants to appear without service available or/and that the orders are late (if they arrive),” he laments in Your post The Goiko CEO. Is there more? Yes. Hermo assume that adapting to “such a drastic model” will require a certain “time”, but is also convinced that the service will never recover its “previous level.” “What is happening after the forced change of a model of autonomous Riders to 100% hired Riders is a ‘Lose-Lose’ by quadruple,” insists the manager before exposing why, in his opinion, the law harms both the distributors and the platforms, the restaurants and the clients themselves. Hermo warns that, when reconverting in wage earners, the first (the Riders) have seen how they diminished their income and the freedom to self -manage. Moreover, the manager is convinced that the change has “hindered” that they can access the most occasional the most occasional riders, those who only accepted orders to complete their economy, such as students. As for platforms such as Glovo or Justeat, Hermo warns that the increase in operational costs has subtracted flexibility to cover the ‘peak hours’. How does restaurants affect? In 2023, during An interview With the EFE agency, the businessman already warned that although the ‘Rider Law’ focuses mainly on platforms and hoteliers are only “a secondary actor”, in the long run they would end up being affected. Now confirm it. “Restaurants lose business and profitability,” summarizes its publication of LinkedIn, in which it slides that the legislative change has resulted for them in a less flexible and more expensive delivery service. “Thinking about our sector, we cannot afford at this time another torpedo in the flotation line of the restoration,” he remarks. The consequences for customers are from their obvious point of view: a less efficient delivery. “The service worsens because there are fewer restaurants available, it takes longer and reaches a worse condition. And it will eventually be more expensive per order to pay the model change party.” What does it propose? That platforms, distributors and administration “feel and be heard” to find a consensual exit. “The solution is not white or black, there must be intermediate points that approach the demands of both parties and serve as inspiration for other countries.” For Hermo the Delivery is only One more example of the new business model that do not have to be guided by the inherited guidelines of the twentieth century. “With their pros and cons, but they are less flexible than today is demanded.” Is it the only one to complain? No. And that’s why his reflection is even more interesting. Beyond the debate that accompanied the approval and entry into force of the ‘Rider Law’, in 2021, the discussion around the pros and cons of the measure have been maintained over the last four years. In August The newspaper asked To the spokeswoman for the RidersxDerechos Trade Union Platform, Núria Soto, if the collective is better today at work level than a five years. His answer was clear: “Yes, although it depends on who you ask.” “Riders have more rights, but also less income. And those without work permission who distributed renting accounts have been excluded from regularizations and have lost their source of income,” Soto warned. There are deeders that are even more blunt And they regret that the ‘Rider Law’ has sunk them even more in the “precariousness” that promised to free them. They have even been published academic studies that confirm how legislative change has had some unwanted effects, such as worsening of salaries or destruction of employment. Why that complaint now? The law is 2021, but it makes sense that the sector continues to pronounce today. After all, a good part of the Riders They were still not hired until not so long. This year however Glovo gave A key step by deciding that all their distributors become salaried. The decision was made after a few complex years, marked by large fines and The scrutiny of the authorities, and not without suspicion. “We will hire 20,000 workers, but they will gain less than as self -employed,” He warned in February Your CEO. According to The newspaperin August almost 70% of the packages that were distributed in Spain they did it through a delivery man with … Read more

“If you want to win, you have to make sacrifices”

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Eric Schmidt, who led Google for a decade in the early 2000s, has returned to The load against teleworking. In an interview in The podcast All-inthe veteran executive stressed the requirement to compete against China if workers in the US maintain flexible work policies and conciliation. His argument is based on the tendency of many Chinese companies, which are governed under The 996 system (Days from 9 in the morning to 9 at night, six days a week). This practice was declared illegal in the Asian country in 2021, although Schmidt says that “everyone continues to do so.” Against teleworking. Schmidt holds That working from home is especially harmful to young professionals, however qualified they are. According to his experience in Sun Microsystems, where he became director of Technology, much of his learning simply came from being present in the office and listening to discussions among more experienced classmates. “How is that recreated in this new model?” He wondered in reference to remote work. For Schmidt, winning in the technological sector requires “making sacrifices”, and teleworking does not fit that equation. “If you are going to be in technology and want to win, you will have to make concessions,” he said. It is not the first time that charges against Google. The manager had previously criticized his former company for his labor flexibility policies. At a conference at Stanford last year He affirmed that “Google decided that conciliation, get out of work soon and work from home was more important than winning”, adding that “the reason why the Startups They work is because people work as convicted. ” Although he subsequently retracted those statements, since a spokesman indicated that “he had expressed himself badly and regrets his mistake,” it is clear that his recent comments show that he maintains his background position. The University even eliminated the video from YouTube after it went viral. The reality of 996 crosses the Pacific. Although China officially prohibited 996 days, Schmidt insists that all Chinese technology companies continue to apply them. And this obsession with work It is also arriving at Silicon Valley. According to several US media, more and more Startupsespecially those focused on artificial intelligence, they expect their employees work 72 hours per week. Google too He turned back. After implementing work policies from home during the pandemic, Google has reversed the trend, as well as many other technological companies, and now requires some remote employees Go to the office three days a week. Even Sergey Brin, co -founder of the company, Indian To the teams that work in Gemini that are in the office “at least” every working day, suggesting that 60 hours per week represent “the optimal point of productivity”, according to reported The New York Times. China’s work culture. Beyond the debate about work hours, the former director express His concern for the different priorities between both powers in artificial intelligence. While many US companies are obsessed with achieving general artificial intelligence (AGI), China focuses on developing AI for everyday usesuch as practical applications and robots. Schmidt attributes this difference to the hardware limitations of the Asian country and its capital markets, but considers that this more pragmatic strategy should be ‘reason for concern for the United States’. Cover image | All-in podcast In Xataka | The MIT has studied the impact of AI on companies. Its conclusion: only 5% of the time changes some really

Renfe withdrew the avlo-barcelona avlo forced. And now prices are in the clouds

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Prices have risen 40% in the Madrid-Barcelona corridor. It is the conclusion they arrive in Trainline, a company that looks for the best prices and schedules when we want to travel by train. The departure of the Avlo de Renfe trains is pressing the upward market and the average of the ticket is already above 70 euros. The exit. The news arrived at the end of August and is underway since September 8: Renfe only offers bird service Between Madrid and Barcelona. The company took out its Avril trains, which offers the service Low Cost of his classic high speed trips. The movement came after Renfe suffered various pressures related to Failures in those Talgo S106 that made the Avlo route in said corridor. This summer, one of those trains cracked and despite the company’s attempts by hide the problem and manage the crisis with a low profile, Finally ended up withdrawing them. Prices shoot. Since then, Trainline, which adds the prices of the operators so that the user finds the prices and schedules that suck him, ensures that the average price is now 40% more expensive than a year ago. They assure that now, The average ticket price To move between Madrid and Barcelona exceeds 80 euros. The data is motivated by the AVLO output and the use of variable prices that are adjusted based on the demand. With an operator Low Cost Less, these tickets are now absorbed by AVE and the starting price already increases. That explains, according to The avant -garde That the cheapest ticket is already at 50 euros and reach up to 150 euros on a Sunday afternoon. Expensive, but not so much. The Madrid-Barcelona corridor has long been experiencing a price increase. Although in the first Compasses ouigo and Iro, they lowered the train prices, it was expected that little by little they will rise over the months and years. More in a corridor that in the second four -month period of the year moved to 3,944,879 passengers and has a very high occupation rate, According to CNMC data. This agency publishes a report every three months with the performance of Spanish high -speed companies. The most recent refers to Q2 and does not collect, therefore, the current increases, but it does notice that the average price of the tickets had already been 63.14 euros, with a 15.3% increase over the same period last year. That increase was marked, without any doubt, by a generalized price increase between the low cost. Ouigo rose 18.7% and Iroo 22.5%. For his part, Avlo was the one that less took care of the three, with a rise of 14.5%. The same but more expensive. In the absence of knowing a more complete photograph (which will not come to the next year when the CNMC publishes the September data this year and the last quarter), what is clear is that Avlo’s departure has meant very bad news for the passenger. On average, Avlo tickets were the cheapest seconds on the market in the second quarter, with a price of 51.95 euros. The jump to the bird is important since the average of these tickets reaches 73.91 euros. But, in addition, the increase in prices will be substantial because Avlo moved 14.7% of all travelers who moved between Madrid and Barcelona. That means that almost 580,000 runner travelers have to get a place in some more saturated ouigo and Iro or, on the contrary, assume the cost of traveling in AVE. What can we expect? However, Pedro García, responsible for Trainline in Europe, says that “as a whole, it is still cheaper than before liberalization, although leaving customers without a low -cost option directly affects the price of tickets”, in words collected by The avant -garde. However, we must bear in mind that if the tickets have been more expensive in the corridor since Renfe faced competition, it is because the demand rewards it. The occupation rate in Madrid-Barcelona is so high that it justifies a slow but constant rise. And a good example of the good health that Renfe enjoys in the corridor is that Ouigo derived trains that he had in operation in Madrid-Barcelona to the Andalusian corridor because he believes that he can be more competitive there. This last corridor seems more sensitive to the price where the differences between AVE and the Low Cost They are narrower and the cost for travelers are settled. Photo | Xataka and Logan Armostrong In Xataka | Renfe has proposed to improve once and for all vicinity. And Madrid will take a pinch of 400 million euros

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