Mobile Tech & Gadgets

He has reinvented it from scratch and that is the revolutionary

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With R1Deepseek has achieved something that seemed impossible: to train an AI model with reasoning capabilities comparable to those of OpenAi … but without depending on huge data sets labeled. Its approach based on reinforcement learning opens the door for many more groups developing advanced. Why is it important. This advance changes the rules we assumed in the development of AI. Until now, creating models with reasoning capacity required huge amounts of data labeled and computational resources only within reach of giants such as OpenAi, goal or Google. Deepseek has shown that there are A much more efficient alternative path. Between bambalins. The Deepseek R1 training process is divided into two main phases: First, R1-Zero Learn to reason exclusively through reinforcement learning, exploring solutions by test and error. Then, R1 refine these capacities with a small amount of “cold start” data to improve aspects such as readability. The model uses An expert mixing architecture (MOE) with 671,000 million total parameters, but only activates 37,000 million per consultation. This is what allows you to obtain a performance comparable to that of OPENAI O1 with a fraction of computational resources. The contrast. While Openai invests hundreds of millions in labeled data and computing, Deepseek has achieved similar results with less than 6 million dollars (declared investment). Its smaller distilled models, from 1.5 billion to 70,000 million parameters, have also achieved surprising performance. The example. It is a silly example, but that is precisely why we wanted to verify its way of reasoning to the type of question you dislodge. We asked him the question “If Xataka was a Spanish football team, what would it be?” Image: Xataka with Mockuuuups Studio His very long answer was autaeafirmo and then discarding the conclusion again and again. First he just described Xataka and to make a superficial review of the main Spanish clubs. Then it was raised if we would be Athletic, but understood that although its policy of “only Basque players” is unique, that is not comparable to Xataka’s innovation. He did something similar with Valencia, Barça and Rayo arguing different causes to rule them out. He linked Real Madrid for us, Ahem, social mass leadership … but agreed that this is not linked to innovation. He went through Eibar and Getafe, discarding both … but then returned to Eibar since “fell” in which they use analytics and technology. In the end he ruled it for being a small club. He commented that Xataka’s leadership fits with an offensive style such as Barça de Guardiola or the Madrid’s Madrid counterattack … … And finally he reached Villarreal and Girona. After some reasoning, he stayed with Girona, arguing his strong culture of data, his innovative approach, his recent growth and his global vision (he is part of the City Football Group), in addition to adding something striking: “Both combine limited resources with intelligence Strategic: Girona maximizes its template with Scouting Advanced, while Xataka optimizes relevant and accessible content for a mass audience. “ His final conclusion was “the Girona FC embodies the essence of Xataka: modernity, technological adaptation and a fresh narrative that challenges the status quo“. 🚀⚽ Reading all your reasoning was spectacular. Turning point. This development anticipates entry into a new era where Innovation in AI will not depend exclusively on access to large resourcesas it has been happening so far. The learning techniques for reinforcement and distillation of models can level the pitch between large companies (or startups with investments of nine zeros) and much smaller equipment. Deepen. This advance goes beyond simple incremental improvements. Deepseek has shown that it is possible to build models that reason autonomously without having to show them thousands and thousands of examples. Reinforcement learning allows the model to discover effective reasoning strategies, similar to how humans learn to solve problems. In Xataka | I have tried Deepseek on the web and in my Mac. Chatgpt, Claude and Gemini have a problem Outstanding image | Xataka with Mockuuuups Studio

There will be a before and after Deepseek. We already know why this is so efficient

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The publication of the V3 model of the artificial intelligence (AI) Deepseek as an open source is a blessing. And it is because little by little we are knowing in detail the strategy of the engineers of this Chinese company to Take a model of so efficient. Before moving forward with this article, it is important that we keep in mind that Depseek says that has trained his model using only 2,048 chips H800 of Nvidia. Some analysts defend that, in reality, its infrastructure brings together 50,000 GPU H100 Buy through intermediaries, but for the moment it is just a conjecture. This chip is more powerful than the H800, but it is perfectly credible that Depseek has been forced to settle for the latter because The sanctions of the US government They have prevented Chinese companies from access to the H100 GPU. In fact, since November 2023 Nvidia cannot deliver To your Chinese clients your H800 chip. One of Depseek’s keys is called PTX In the recipe for the thrilling growth that Nvidia has experienced during the last five years, its GPU does not intervene; CUDA technology (Compute Unified Device Architecture) also has An essential role in your business. Most of the AI ​​projects that are currently being developed are implemented on CUDA. This technology brings together the compiler and development tools used by programmers to develop their software for NVIDIA GPUs, and replace it with another option in the projects that are already underway it is a problem. Huawei, who aspires to an important portion From this market in China, it has Cann (Compute Architecture for Neural Networks), which is its alternative to CUDA, but for the moment CUDA dominates the market. In addition, this Nvidia tool puts in the hands of programmers High level language that allows them to access the GPU hardware in an affordable way. Even so, and we reach the heart of this article, Deepseek engineers have not used Cuda to develop their AI: They have used PTX (PARALLEL THREAD EXECUTION). Deepseek engineers have decided to use PTX to get the most out of the H800 GPUs as possible This language is similar to the assembly. In fact, it is somehow the assembly that proposes the developers who use their GPUs and need to implement low level optimizations in their code. Programming with PTX is more difficult and laborious than doing it with CUDA, but it entails the advantage that it allows developers to write a more efficient code, and, therefore, capable of taking better advantage of the resources offered by the Hardware of the GPU. Presumably the Deepseek engineers have decided to use PTX to get the most out of the H800 GPUs they had in their possession. One of the stratagems they have devised has consisted of assigning only 20 SM (Multiprocessors streaming) From each GPU to the communication between the servers, which has allowed them Dedicate the remaining 112 From each chip to calculation processes. In essence, Deepseek has been built since zero by resorting to this type of optimizations, which largely explains why this AI model is so efficient. The programmers of this Chinese company have objectively materialized an achievement in the field of engineering that will in all likelihood will have a deep impact on the way in which AI models developers will face their projects in the future. This is the palpable evidence that China is successfully adapting to the shortage of GPUs that have triggered US sanctions in their companies. Image | Nvidia More information | Mirae Asset Securities Korea In Xataka | We can forget an AI without hallucinations for now. The general director of Nvidia explains why

Half of all the frozen semen produced by Spanish men comes out in a single city: Granada

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Neither Madrid, nor Barcelona; Neither Valencia, nor Seville: the place in Spain where more semen is donated the most It is Granada. And it is by far margin: of the 56,700 donations of male gametes between 2018 and 2023, 23,096 were made in this province. Practically half. Is something that was already knownbut Ana Requena It has just updated the data And it’s really surprising. Because if the question is “What is happening in that city?” The answer is not only curious … it is very interesting. Granada, national semen champion. It is true that obtaining reliable data is complicated. Above all, because (although clinics and hospitals are obliged to turn their data in assisted human reproduction information system) we have not managed to have a centralized record. However, in this case the reliability is the least: we talk about such a brutal difference that we can give it for good. Granada is the queen of the semen of Spain and is something completely recognized in the sector. But … why? The person responsible for this has names and surnames: Ceifer Biobanco, a private semen bank that was founded in the city almost 30 years ago and is a national reference. In fact, he works with about 500 reproductive centers in the country. That is key. Because, as explained at Eldiario.es Juan José Espinósthe president of the Spanish Fertility Society (SEF), having an authorized center to collect semen is not easy: “In the same way that most assisted reproduction centers collect ovules, there are few authorized for semen of donors.” “There are more donors where more promotion is made and concentrated in places where there are specialized banks,” Espinós explained. So it is not because the Grenadians are extremely fond of this? Yes and no. As Juan Pablo Ramírez explained a few years agomanaging director of the company, although Donor’s profile has been changing over the years (and older men, workers and parents have been incorporated), “students continue to assume 80% of the total donations.” That is one of Ceifer’s keys: that Granada is the student city per hintomasia. A city of about 250,000 inhabitants that has a university of 80,000 students (and that is only a part of its training offer). But, without a doubt, it is a management success. After all, Ceifer also has venues in Seville and Córdoba, others of the two leading cities in donations. And it is not easy either. As they explainedonly 10% of those who are interested end up being accepted. To the age requirements (less than 50 years), we must add a personalized interview with a psychologist and a whole battery of medical tests that discard hereditary diseases and ensure the quality of the semen. So yes, Granada is at the top. And it seems that it will continue to be a long time. After all, the two cities that follow it from afar are also feuded by Ceifer. Who was going to tell us that the geopolitics of the semen was going to talk about the importance of having long -standing institutions attached to the field? Image | Jorge Fernández Salas | Manuel Medina In Xataka | Reproductive Wars: When will we stop needing women to have children?

They are almost 6,500 million light years

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We are accustomed, or almost, to listen that the James Webb space telescope (JWST) has discovered a new galaxy in the confines of the observable universe. However, it is not always necessary to go so far to appreciate the immense power of the orbital telescope. Just stay halfway. 40 new stars. An astronomer team with representation of the University of the Basque Country and the DIPC (Donostia International Physics Center) has managed to capture in images and identify 44 new stars. This is the greatest number of stars identified in the distant universe to date. In addition to the stars, the team also discovered what could be a distant supernova. To almost 6,500 million light years. What makes this singular finding (in addition to the bulky number of stars found) is in the distance of these stars: these are found 6,500 million light yearsspecifically in the dragon arch galaxy. The stars find at such a distance that we see them as they were when the known universe had approximately half of their age. This galaxy is behind an immense cluster of galaxies, called Abell 370. A new lens for the JWST. The presence of Abell 370 It was instrumental in the discovery of these stars. All due to the gravitational lens effect. The enormous mass of these galaxies distorts the space around it, which diverts the light similar to how the lenses of a telescope do. This allows James Webb to see objects furthest than in principle would allow their already wide capacities. This phenomenon is also responsible for the “arched” aspect of the galaxy in which the newly discovered stars are located. The dragon arch is a spiral galaxy whose image comes to us as if it were a gum, all due to the influence of Abell’s cluster 370. The color of the stars. In his analysis of these stars, the team responsible for his discovery paid special attention to these. They discovered that it is red supergigants (such as the giant Betelgeuse, visible in the constellation of Orion). According to Explain the teamthis contrasts with previous similar findings that had predominantly detected blue supergigants. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Astronomy. A new way to unravel dark matter. Beyond the relevance of finding such distant stars, the team highlights that the finding can teach us new details about the cosmos. Specifically, help us to reveal the mystery involved in dark matter. In Xataka | We thought about knowing everything about the star Vega, but Hubble and Webb telescopes have just dislodged astronomers Image | Abell 370 and the dragon arch galaxy, seen by Hubble. NASA, ESA, and J. LOTZ, HFF TEAM (STSCI).

Germany was the great European automobile power. Now, more and more manufacturers are clear that it is the place to avoid

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“Germany is the place where the car was invented.” This clear and forceful are shown in the Verbandes Der Automobilindustrie (VDA)the German automobile industry association. An organization that estimated that in 2023 they worked in this sector 779,700 employees throughout the country. To get an idea of ​​the size of the automobile industry in Germany, in 2023 they manufactured 4.1 million passenger vehicles and almost 200,000 commercial vehicles. In Spain, the second largest vehicle producer in Europe, we manufactured half a million commercial vehicles but we stayed at 1.9 million passenger cars, according to data collected by Expansion. In fact, Germany is also the first country in Europe and the second largest producer in the world of electric cars. In 2023 they manufactured 1.27 cars moved by this technology. It would be expected, therefore, that with this experience it would attract more and more interest of new companies that intend to settle in Europe. Nothing is further from reality. A gigantic problem However, Germany faces a huge restructuring problem in the automobile industry. Their companies are in a process of conversion to the electric vehicle that points to thousands of layoffs but, in addition, the new companies seem clear that Germany is already the place where not to mount their factories. The last to position has been controversial. Asked about a possible polestar factory in the country, Michael Lohsccheller, general director of Polestar, responded to the newspaper Welt that “Germany It is not precisely the cheapest place For car production. Everyone knows what the general conditions are at the moment. “ With that last sentence, Lohscheller referred to the loss of German competitiveness in the automobile industry. Stefan Bratzel del Center of Automotive Management (CAM) I pointed to DW This same month of January that the country suffered with “high labor costs, including medical care expenses and extensive holidays” of its workers. To that same medium, Dirk Dohse, of the Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IFW) made it clear that German engineers were still among the best in the world but that the lack of flexibility prevented them from attract new talentsespecially from Asia. The country has been in a Institutional and economic internal crisis which is being deeper in the automobile industry. This loss of competitiveness has led manufacturers to warn that There are 190,000 jobs at stake If the industry does not find a solution. An output that looks more and more complicated if you consider that its manufacturers are drawing much more exports performance to China of electric cars than of combustion vehicles. This is a problem because the latter can get much higher per yield per vehicle sold than to electricity but also have a much lower competition than in the electric car market where the customer is turning to the local product. With the pressures of European policies to hug the electric car, the industry has undertaken a conversion in its factories. However, until 2024 technology Keep growing at a paid in EuropOh In China they see the European car as a outdated product. The latter is especially important in a country that houses a huge labor force of Volkswagen, Mercedes or BMW, whose world sales volumes They are especially sensitive to Chinese purchases. With bad results, Volkswagen has tried to fire tens of thousands of employees In Germany but, above all, the country sees How are production of vehicles or batteries to places like Spain, with lower labor and energy costs. A good example is the plant of Volkswagen in Sagunto to nurture Ford and Martorell. But, in addition, Germany is not attracting new investments. Northvolt’s project in Germany did not go from the theory while Spain has received Catl’s support, Byd has settled in Hungary and Leapmotor already produces cars in Poland and, It is rumored, that in Spain. Besides, Morocco and Türkiye They press to show themselves as especially attractive countries to produce cars as cheap as possible. Photo | Volkswagen In Xataka | Germany demonstrates the dependence on the aid that the electric car has: 100,000 vehicles are taking dust

OpenAi has taken everything he wanted from the Internet to train his AI. Now accuses Depseek of stealing his data

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The models of AI of Deepseek They are really good. They show it comparative evidence we publish yesterday and that put it at the level of chatgpt, Claude or Gemini. That has unleashed praises, but also suspicion. There are people who do not believe that training deepseek It has cost just 5.6 million dollarsbut also now in Openai they accuse Depseek of something else. Deepseek, you are using our data without permission. Openai spokesmen have indicated Financial Times They have discovered evidence that “distillate” techniques have been used from OpenAi models used by Depseek. What is that of “distilled” in AI? Yesterday we talk about how Depseek developers have used a large number of techniques to achieve such an efficient model. Among them stands out for reinforcement learningbut it is also known that they use models distillate. In this technique a smaller “student model” is taught to behave as a larger and more advanced “teacher model”. Data of the “teacher model” are used so that the small model is faster and more efficient, but equally intelligent in specific tasks. Use not allowed. The distillate or distillation of models is a common practice in the industry, but the terms of OpenAi service prohibit that their models be used for this purpose. Thus, it is specified that users cannot “copy” none of their services or “use the output (of Openai models) to develop models that compete with Openai.” OpenAI and Microsoft have already investigated this. According to Bloombergboth companies analyzed last accounts that were being used to take advantage of their chatbots and that apparently belonged to Deepseek developers. They used Openai’s API, but there were suspicions that they had violated the terms of service by taking advantage of that access to make distillate of their models. Many do. David Sacks, responsible for AI in Donald Trump’s team, alerted him to what was happening and said there was evidence that Depseek had used OpenAi data. Spokesmen of the company led by Sam Altman indicated that “we know that companies of the People’s Republic of China – and others – are constantly trying to distill the models of leading companies in AI in the US.” The thief is believed that everyone is of his condition. The ironic thing here is that Openai has not had scruples when collecting internet data to train their models, also violating the terms of service of those platforms. Last year it was discovered for example how transcribed a million youtube hours To train GPT-4. Timnit Gebru, famous for his controversial dismissal From Google, I commented on LinkedIn that Openai “must be the most insufferable company in the world.” And he continued: “They can steal the entire world and swallow all possible resources. But no one can give them their own medicine not even a bit.” If you are on the Internet, it can be used, right? Other companies They do exactly the sameand are shielded in the argumetno of “fair use.” They collect Any public content On the Internet without asking users or permission or platforms. Not only that: it is suspected that in many cases these models are trained with works Protected by copyrightsomething that has resulted in numerous demands. Image | Xataka with Grok In Xataka | The next phase of AI is not to see who invests more but who invests less

More than 7,000 mAh and Snapdragon 8 Elite

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In recent weeks we have seen some of the mobiles that have already begun to have The most generous batteriesreaching to the a whopping figure of the 7,000 mAh. If we add to the most interesting specifications, We have a most round mobile. It is the very case of Redmagic 10 proa “telephone” about the role that has now dropped in price after its launch. It can be found in two versions: 256 GB by 729 euros using the Amazon coupon and 512 GB by 789.65 eurosalso in Amazon and with a applied discount, without the need to select the coupon. Redmagic 10 Pro (256 GB), with coupon * Some price may have changed from the last review A round mobile on paper The Redmagic 10 Pro, which practically does not have to envy when Redmagic 10 pro+it is a gaming -oriented mobile, so it is equipped with very good specifications. The most interesting is found both in its battery and in its processor, since it comes with 7,050 mAhso it offers good autonomy, and the Snapdragon 8 Elitethe most powerful we can find currently on an Android mobile. To this we must add that we find a mobile that rides a 6.85 -inch screen that offers a 1.5K resolution and a 144 Hz soda rate. The bezels are very well used and we will also have no problem when seeing content on the mobile in environments with a lot of lighting, since it also offers a maximum brightness of 2,000 nits. On the other hand, since it is a gaming mobile that is equipped with very good specifications, the Redmagic 10 Pro has a liquid cooling system To avoid overheating, something useful especially when playing a game. Other mobiles that may interest you Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra and 45W charger, mobile phone with AI, Android Smartphone, 12 GB RAM, 512 GB Storage, Chamber 200MP, S PEN, Long Duration Battery, Gray Titanium (Spanish version) * Some price may have changed from the last review Apple iPhone 16 Pro of 256 GB: 5G smartphone with camera control, 4K to 120 f/s recording with Dolby Vision and a great jump in autonomy. Compatible with airpods; Black titanium * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Pawel Czerwinski in UnspashRedmagic In Xataka | The best mobiles, we have tried them and here are their analysis In Xataka | The best price quality price. Your analysis and videos are here

Boom XB-1 has successfully completed its first supersonic flight

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“There is! The XB-1 is supersonic. ” These words broke the expectant silence that has governed a transmission study located in the Mojave air and space port in California, and at the same time confirmed a historical feat. The first civil supersonic plane manufactured in the United States had broken the sound barrier. At the command of the XB-1, the pilot Tristan “Geppetto” Brandenburg accelerated to show that the tireless work of the Boom Technology team had been worth it. On land, in front of the camera, he was Mike Bannisterwho was chief pilot of the Concorde fleet of British Airways for almost a decade. Baby Boom, the basis of overture The XB-1, also known as “Baby Boom,” has traveled a long way until you get here. Its initial design was released in 2016, but financing for its construction did not arrive until a year later. After suffering several delaysthe filming tests began in 2022 to give rise to the opening flight of March last year. Since then, Boom Technology team has coordinated almost a dozen test flights, but none of them as important as this. The fastest speed on those test flights was reached on January 10, which the company registered as Mach 0.95. This Tuesday, before the watchful eye of 25 engineers, managers, future clients and thousands of spectators, the XB-1 reached Mach 1.12 at an altitude of 35,290 feet (10,756 meters). The XB-1 on a trial flight The XB-1 is a demonstrator whose technology will become the basis of the Overture, the passenger plane that wants to happen to concord with supersonic commercial flights. As the manufacturer points outthe future plane will benefit with four very important characteristics: Increased reality vision system: Since the plane will have a long nose and a high angle of attack, the Overture will have an augmented reality vision system so that the pilots can have good visibility of the track. That is, we will not see a mobile nose like the Concorde. Digitally optimized aerodynamics: The engineers explored thousands of designs for the XB-1 with computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD). This same type of resource will be used for the design of the Overture. Carbon fiber compounds: Overture will be manufactured almost entirely with carbon fiber compound materials, which promises to offer an aerodynamic design with a resistant and light structure. Supersonic shots: The experience obtained in the XB-1 about the development of the specialized shots will be applied to the Overture and its turbophah engine. More than two decades have passed since supersonic commercial flights ceased to be an option. Boom Technology has an ambitious project among hands. He hopes to be the protagonist in a new era of high -speed civil flights. The Overture should be able to transport between 64 and 80 passengers to Mach 1.7 towards the end of the decade. But it is a shared ambition. The manufacturer has received more than a hundred airline orders like United AirlinesAmerican Airlines and Japan Airlines. And their plans seem to be very seriously. Last year he completed his superfactory overture In Greensboro, North Carolina, where, if everything is going as planned, its aircraft will be assembled. Images | Boom Technology | Screen capture In Xataka | Airlines have found another way to gain space at the expense of the passenger: end the reclining seats

Elon Musk says he will rescue the two astronauts stranded in the space at Trump. The problem is that

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A incendiary message. “The president of the United States has asked Spacex to bring the two astronauts stranded at the International Space Station as soon as possible,” Elon Musk wrote In his profile of X. “It is terrible that the Biden administration has left them there for so long.” After 20 minutes, more than one million people have seen the message, which Musk apostilled answering “true” to the following answer: “The hatred they had was greater than their desire to rescue those astronauts.” A little context. In June 2024, two astronauts arrived at the International Space Station aboard the Starliner spacecraft, Boeing’s alternative to the Crew Dragon of Spacex. The ship had to spend a week in orbit before returning to Earth, but A failure in the propulsion system During the first leg he made three months undergoing And finally I would go empty. Elon Musk’s X messages about astronauts Elon Musk lies. No one will be surprised at this point that Musk publishes propaganda in his X profile, but the message misrepresent the reality in a particularly fantasy way. While it is true that astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are still in space since June, they are not stranded. SPACEX CREW-9 MISSION took off in September 2024long before Trump assumed the presidency, with two empty seats to bring them back. So why do they continue in the ISS? It was the plan provided by NASA. Wilmore and Williams were reallocated to the CREW-9 mission and became part of the permanent crew of the International Space Station. Williams is, in fact, the commander of expedition 72, and He has just taken a space walk As part of your tasks. That NASA did not ask Spacex to look for them immediately has nothing to do with the hatred of Musk, but that there was no crew dragon to immediately available. The most logical solution was to get two astronauts out of the next round trip (the CREW-9 mission) to leave two free seats. And now what? The return of the CREW-9 mission is scheduled for the end of March 2025. So far, the expected thing was that Wilmore and Williams return along with their mission partners, the American Nick Hague and the Russian Aleksandr Gorbunov, in March or maybe in April. But Musk’s message suggests that perhaps his return goes ahead. As for the Starliner, NASA canceled the flight that had hired Boeing By 2025. The two astronaut rotations of this year will be in charge of Spacex while Boeing continues to analyze what could fail in its first manned flight and how it plans to solve it. Images | Steve Jurvetson (CC By 2.0), NASA In Xataka | The Starliner ship is not only a humiliation for Boeing: it is a moneyless money well that will no longer be able to recover

In 2011, a collector bought in Morocco a meteorite. It has turned out to be a direct test of thermal water on Mars

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A black stone that had fallen from the sky was discovered in the Sahara desert by a Saharawi group. Selling to the highest bidder, we have known for a long time that it comes from the Mars cortex, but they have had to spend more than 10 years for scientists to desert one of their best kept secrets. A meteorite called “Black Beauty”. Officially called Northwest Africa 7034, the 320 grams rock was found in 2011 in the Sahara desert, in Western Sahara, and later sold to an American collector in Morocco. Its composition is unique among known Martian meteorites. It contains very old and very young minerals glued to each other, but coincides with what was observed by NASA’s rovers on the surface of Mars, so it was part of the Martian cortex when it detached from the red planet. A time capsule. A Recent study It focuses on a zircon grain found in the meteorite. This zircon has no less than 4,450 million years, which places it in the earliest stages of Martian history. The majority of known meteorites that come from Mars are from later geological periods, so NWA 7034 provides invaluable information on what the surface environment of the red planet was long before becoming what it is today. The meteorite that contains the most water. What makes Black Beauty exceptional is that it houses 10 times more water than other Martian meteorites. It was known that by the interaction of the rock with the water present in the crust of the planet at the time of its formation, but the recent analysis of the zircon with modern microscopy techniques has revealed much more information. The fragment contains iron, aluminum and sodium, unusual elements for a zircon of purely magmatic origin. But it is above all the presence of tiny inclusions of magnetite (iron oxide) that suggests that it crystallized under hydrothermal conditions. That is, in the presence of water at high temperature, and in an oxidizing environment. Ancient hot springs. The magnetite is trapped in zones of the zirch that are not altered by radiation, which indicates that they were formed at the same time as the zirch, and not as a result of subsequent secondary processes, the researchers explain. What the study comes to say is that 4,450 million years ago, during what is known as the pre-ondic period of Mars, there were already hydrothermal conditions in the Martian cortex. The Black Beauty meteorite is a direct proof that Mars had water in its formation stages. Favorable conditions for life. The finding reinforces the hypothesis that Mars had from very early the necessary conditions to house life, or at least some environments suitable for microbial life. That there was life on Mars or that it arrived on earth through a meteorite is still two hypotheses for which we have no evidence. However, that a meteorite of 2011 has given us so much information and reasons to continue investigating demonstrates how important the Martian samples can be that NASA and China want to bring in the coming years. Images | New Mexico University, NASA

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