Month: August 2025

The divorce of China and Nvidia is a fact. The Xi Jinping government no longer recommends Chinese chips: it demands them

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China is touring a path that has no going back. US sanctions and their allies prevent Chinese companies and public institutions that are dedicated to the development of models of artificial intelligence (AI) access the most advanced GPUs that design NVIDIA, AMD or brains, among other Western alignment companies. And in these circumstances the government led by Xi Jinping only has one option: minimize China’s dependence of technologies from abroad. In early October 2024 The administration arrived To the companies of Chinese a recommendation in which it asked them to use chips produced in China as much as possible. Ten months later, According to SCMPthis recommendation has become a demand. And it is that the Chinese government is already forcing data centers that belong to the State throughout the country to use at least 50% of Chinese integrated circuits on its servers. This scenario clearly favors a company: Huawei. Huawei has a unique opportunity, but also a monumental challenge Huawei invests more than $ 25,000 million annually in The development of your hardware for AIso presumably it will not take long to match the benefits of the GPUs produced by NVIDIA or AMD. His most ambitious proposal right now is the chip Ascend 910dwho seeks to overcome the performance of the GPU NVIDIA H100. However, this Chinese company has also recently presented its chip Ascend 920a solution that is clearly destined to occupy in the Chinese market the gaps that it will leave The H20 GPU of Nvidia. This proposal will enter large -scale production during the second half of 2025 using 6 NM integration technology that have presumably developed elbow with Huawei elbow and SMIC (Semiconductor manufacturing international corp). Nevertheless, Huawei faces a huge challenge that probably in the short term it will prevent you from satisfying the demand for chips for Ia from the Chinese market. In the middle of last June Jeffrey Kessler, the Undersecretary of Commerce for Industry and Security of the US Department of Commerce, He made this statement In Congress: “Our evaluation indicates that the production capacity of Huawei Ascend “Our evaluation indicates that the production capacity of Huawei Ascend by 2025 will be 200,000 units or less, and we foresee that the majority or all of that production will be delivered to companies within China.” This prediction about the production capacity of avant -garde chips for Huawei is sustained on an irrefutable fact: the mate of the integration technologies used by the Chinese manufacturer of SMIC semiconductors to produce the Huawei GPUs has a very wide margin of improvement. SMIC already has the ability to manufacture 6 Nm integrated circuits, and soon it can also produce 5 Nm semiconductors, but is limited by the performance of the deep ultraviolet lithography equipment (UVP) you have in your possession. It is meritorious that SMIC and HUAWEI engineers have managed to refine their integrated circuit manufacturing processes what is necessary to produce 5, 6 and 7 nm chips With ASML UVP teams, but a priori it is very unlikely that with these machines they will be able to go beyond the 3 Nm. And it is because the technique of Multiple patterningwhich is what they are using, imposes important limitations. A note: This strategy in broad strokes consists in transferring the pattern to the wafer in several passes with the purpose of increasing the resolution of the lithographic process. His problem is that he usually has an upward impact on the cost of chips and the decline in production capacity. For Huawei it is a big problem not to have the necessary technology to produce avant -garde semiconductors comparable to those who manufacture Intel, TSMC or Samsung, so it is working on the development of its own team of extreme ultraviolet photolithography (UVE). More information | SCMP In Xataka | Nvidia has to deal with the absolute distrust of several US legislators. His plan in China is in danger In Xataka | The US wants to end the chips for the Chinese that are sold abroad. And China knows how to defend oneself

It will be the penultimate flight before his hopeful redesign

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Starship’s path to orbit is not being a straight line, and the last months of the highest rocket in the world exemplify it bleeding. After lose four consecutive ships And a super heavy, Spacex has turned the failures into data with which to improve its design. Soon we will know if they have worked: there is only one week left for the tenth release. Green light for the tenth flight. The Federal Aviation Administration of the United States has closed the investigation Of the last incidents of Starship and authorized to Spacex the next flight, scheduled for Sunday, August 24. The Tenth Mission of Starship will prove the opening of the load gate and the redempted of an engine in the space. In addition, Spacex engineers have deliberately eliminated several tiles from the thermal shield of the ship to study their behavior during the reentry. A summer of investigations. Starship’s ninth flight, which took place on May 27, ended with the disintegration of both the Super Heavy Booster 14 and Starship 35. A report From August 15, Spacex explained the cause of both incidents: Booster 14, that flew for the second timehe failed during the sprainage maneuver after Spacex put his structural loads to the limit. With a 17 degree attack angle, the fuel transfer tube was not able to withstand aerodynamic forces, which caused an explosive mixture of liquid methane and oxygen. The Starship 35 reached the planned speed, but a methane leak in the front cone, caused by a defective diffuser in the pressurization system of the main tank, compromised the rest of the mission. The lack of pressure prevented the ship from opening the loading gate, and caused the automatic systems to abort the engine redempted in space. The ship disintegrated turning without control in a reentry agonizing. To finish Sink morals in Starbasein mid -June, a brutal explosion made the windows of neighbor Brownsville tremble. Starship 36, which should fly on flight 10, disintegrated during a fuel load, generating a small Geopolitical conflict with Mexico. Spacex attributes the disaster to a structural failure in a secondary nitrogen gas deposit, possibly for undetectable damage. Booster 16 and Starship 37 ready to fly. With the causes of the latest failures already identified, Spacex has redesigned the diffuser of the ship and implemented more strict inspection protocols for pressurized nitrogen deps. Two new prototypes, Booster 16 and Ship 37, are ready for Starship’s tenth flight with such ambitious objectives as ever. The Super Heavy propeller will not try to return to the tower, but will merit in the Gulf of Mexico, simulating a failure in one of its landing engines To check if a backup engine can take over, ending the maneuver with a “stationary flight” on the ocean with only two lit engines. For its part, the Starship ship will try to open its gate for the first time and display eight Starlink satellites models in a suborbital trajectory (which will be burned during the reentry). It will also try to redecend a Raptor engine in the emptiness of the space to exorbitate in a controlled way. The most striking thing is that it will fly with a significant number of deliberately absent thermal tiles to submit vulnerable areas to greater stress and try new materials, as metal with active cooling. The reentry is also designed to make the most the rear flaps of the ship at the point of maximum pressure. Starship’s third version on the way. There are only two Starship flights with the current design, which has meant great headaches for Spacex. The company finalizes the development of the starship 3, of which We have seen full renders and some components already manufactured, such as Your new grid fins and Its gigantic fuel tube. Although the new Super Heavy will wear three aerodynamic grilles instead of four, they are 50 % larger and more robust. This new design not only allows descents with higher attack angles (just the maneuver that caused the failure in flight 9), but fulfills a double function. The new fins incorporate an anchor point and are located below in the rocket to align with the arms of the launch tower, which will use them to lift and catch the propeller. Being lower, they also receive less heat from the starship engines during the separation of hot stages. Images | Spacex In Xataka | What Spacex has achieved with Starship is incredible. The only problem is that he has done it at the expense of the health of his employees

His bet is called KF-21, and is almost ready for real action

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The KF-21 has not been designed to impress Washington, or to compete with the F-35 in rankiness. It has been designed for something simpler and more ambitious at the same time: that South Korea does not depend on anyone when you need a combat plane. The country is called Boramae, Hugon Hunterand want it to be the axis of your Air defense until 2032. It is not just a new generation hunting: it is a symbol. And everything indicates that it will also be a notice for its neighbors. When South Korea wanted to access F-35 technologies to integrate them into their future hunt, he ran into a resounding negative. The United States rejected Transfer key systems such as Radar Aesa, the electrooptic aiming system (Eots), IRS and the radiofrequency disturbance of electronic warfare. That episode was decisive. Seoul assumed that, if I wanted to have control, I would have to build from scratch. Thus was born the KF-21. With him, Korea does not break with his western partners, but marks a clear line: there can be no real sovereignty if the most sensitive technology continues to depend on third parties. The South Korean jump towards autonomy in defense For Seoul, the KF-21 not only responds to a desire for industrial independence. It also responds to a strategic need. Tensions with North Korea are cyclical, but constant. China continues to rearm. And Japan already works with the United Kingdom and Italy at the GCAPthe future sixth generation hunting that should fly around 2035. South Korea does not want to be left behind. According to DAPA, the agency in charge of the projectthe KF-21 will first replace the F-4 and F-5, and then apart from the F-16. Having your own plane is defense, but also positioning. According to the governmentSouth Korea became the eighth country to get a supersonic hunt for its own development to carry out a test flight. The first prototype of the KF-21 was presented in April 2021. Three months later, On July 19, 2022, he first took off from the Sacheon base. Since then, the six planned prototypes are already flying and have exceeded milestones such as the first supersonic flight (January 2023) and the first real tests with meteor missiles (May 8, 2024) and Iris-T (May 17, 2024), according to Dapa and Diehl Defense. Deliveries to the Air Force will begin in 2026. One of the KF-21 keys is what it has inside. The aesa radar that equips is not imported: It has been developed in Korea by Hanwha Systems and the Defense Development Agency. The same goes for much of the plane, mission systems and sensors. The objective, According to Kaiis to reach a rate of 65% nationalization In serial production. The engine may not be yours yet, but what is seen in the cabin and radar is. Developing KF-21 has not been cheap. According to Dapa figuresthe initial development budget was set at 8.8 billion Wones, which is equivalent to about 5.4 billion euros. The cast was clear: 60% is contributed by the government, 20% KAI and local industrial partners, and the remaining 20% initially agreed with Indonesia. South Korea has opted for a gradual strategy, with blocking in blocks and a progressive nationalization of components. He does not seek to have everything from day one, but control each phase of the process. Indonesian participation has been one of the most unstable points of the program. Initially signed to finance 20% of development, But he stopped paying years later. After years of tension, In 2025 a new framework was agreed: Your contribution will be 600,000 million wones, about 415 million euros then. The agreement maintains some technological transfer and access to production for the Indonesian Air Force. South Korea will assume the rest. The project advances with or without them, but not without costs. The engine is today the main external dependence of the KF-21. Use General Electric F414, The same that propels F/A-18 Super HornetAssembled under license by Hanwha Aerospace in South Korea. Although that allows some logistics control, the supply is still tied to US authorizations. The South Korean industry already works in its own enginebut it is estimated that it will not be ready before the next decade. Meanwhile, any export plan of the KF-21 will continue to be subject to the ITAR regulations. It is the last piece that Korea still does not control. The KF-21 has been designed with export in mind. South Korea has already shown that you can sell light fighters such as FA-50. Now he wants to repeat the movement in a higher range. Philippines and Poland are among the possible KF-21 clients, And Egypt appears in the media radar, although without official confirmation. The only real limit is the American seal which still weighs on certain components, at least until there are motor and other components. Although the program advances according to the calendar, not everything is resolved. The first units that will be delivered from 2026 will only have Air-Aire capabilities. Air-Tierra weapons integration is scheduled for 2027, As confirmed by the Acquisition Programs Council. Nor are real operating costs, or their behavior in continued service. The South Korean Air Force will assume that risk in the first person. The KF-21 has demonstrated a lot in a short time, but the definitive test has not yet passed: that of daily use. It is not yet in service, but the KF-21 has already fulfilled part of its mission: to demonstrate that South Korea does not need to choose between being a client or staying out. It can be manufacturer. And it can be seriously. What comes later – exports, improvements, additional blocks – will depend on the operational result and the international context. But the key step has already occurred. Now it’s time to wait to know the results. Images | Korea Government/Ministry of Defense (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) | ANSHMAT | CC by 4.0 In Xataka | A group of countries is … Read more

We believed that the “road of yellow tiles” was a private cinema. Until some divers descended to the depths

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The idea of the yellow tile road was born with the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum (1900), where a golden path is described that leads to the Emerald city and symbolizes the trip to personal fulfillment and discovery. In the famous adaptation to the 1939 cinema, that path became a visual icon thanks to the pioneering use of Technicolor: the bright yellow contrasted with the intense green of the city and the blue sky, marking the passage of Dorothy from Kansas’s gray routine to a fantasy world. It turns out that in marine depths we had Another way of tile. A geological finding. History dates back to 2022. During the Luʻuaaahikikekumu expeditiona scientific team aboard E/V Nautilus shipwhile exploring the chain of old submarine volcanoes of Liliʻuokalani Ridge, he ran into Rocking formation that remembered the mythical “road of yellow tiles” of the cinema. The curious structure, located at the top of the submarine nootka, within the National Marino Monument Papahānaumokuākeait turned out to be an example of ancient volcanic geology: rock fragments generated by high -energy eruptions, known as hyaloclastitethat have fractured uniformly due to repeated cycles of heating and cooling by successive eruptions. This pattern, similar to the cracked of the surface of a Brownie, has conferred the rock an appearance of perfectly aligned cobblestone. Origins and characteristics. Hialoclastite is formed when hot magma comes into contact with water, fragmenting into vitreous particles and accumulating in the seabed. Over time, these deposits are compacted and cemented, and, in cases like this, exposed to thermal changes that They produce rectilinear fissures. The found sector showed a stretch of “baked scab” dry to touch, An optical effect that surprised the team and generated jokes on the “road to the Atlantis.” The inspection with the nautilus robotic arm allowed to collect samples from Ferromanganésic scabs (rich in iron and manganese oxides) that covered the background, a resource of scientific and industrial interest. Importance of the mission. That was the First systematic exploration Of these submarine mountains, whose main objective is to understand the mysterious discontinuity that presents its alignment in the ocean bed. The finding of “road” joined other unique observations of the expedition, such as the filming of a strange agency nicknamed Headless Chickn Monsterstrengthening the idea that the area houses poorly documented biological and geological phenomena. Beyond the visual anecdote, the identification and study of these formations provides key information about the Submarine eruptive processes and the tectonic evolution of the region, opening the door to new discoveries in one of the most remote and protected areas of the planet. Scientific context. He find It was also framed in an international effort to map and understand the underwater structures that make up the hidden geography of the oceans. The formation of the “path” in Nootka Seamount Not only illustrates how volcanic activity can generate visually striking patterns, but also offers clues about the systems behavior submarine magmatic and its interaction with water in High energy environments. Plus: These studies are essential to improve underwater volcanism models, evaluate potential mineral resources and understand how these geological habitats influence deep marine biodiversity, a field in which each expedition reveals more unknowns than certainties. Image | E/V Nautilus In Xataka | We know more than Mars than the seabed. An expert helps us to understand why it is still an enigma and what mysteries keep In Xataka | The Atlantic has a ‘lost city’ with the key to life on other planets. Now is in danger

The sleep apnea makes sleep in hell. Scientists believe they have a solution: blow shells

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Sleep but not rest, is what happens to millions of people around the world suffering from sleep apnea. This disorder occurs when, during sleep, our breathing is interrupted, something that can significantly affect the quality of our dream and, with it, to our rest. Blow shells. Now a new study has investigated “treatment”: blow shells. In a small randomized and controlled essay, a team of experts observed that the technique of blowing snails, based on an Indian traditional practice, It offered good results when reducing the symptoms of the obstructive sleep apnea. Shankha. The technique known as Shankh’s blow has its origin in a religious practice of Hinduism. The term Shankha refers to A type of marine snailown family mollusks Turbinidaelike those of the species Turbinella pyrum. A modern use. The group responsible for the study now proposes a new use for this technique, to relieve the symptoms of the obstructive sleep apnea, at least among people with moderate levels of the disorder. As the equipment defends, the technique is a simple and low -cost intervention that can relieve the need to resort to pharmacological or mechanical treatments. A modern use. The group responsible for the study now proposes a new use for this technique, to relieve the symptoms of the obstructive sleep apnea, at least among people with moderate levels of the disorder. As the equipment defends, the technique is a simple and low -cost intervention that can relieve the need to resort to pharmacological or mechanical treatments. Today, the main treatment against this ailment is Continuous positive pressure machineCPAP for its acronym in English. As their name suggest these devices keep the respiratory tract “blowing” air towards a mask that patients are placed at bedtime. Although it is an effective technique, the treatment is cumbersome and uncomfortable for those who must follow it. From the experience to science. The study, Explain in a press release Krishna K. Sharma, who led the team, emerged from the perception of the positive effects that the technique could have on this aspect of respiratory health. So he decided to test the technique. In the study 30 people participated between 19 and 65 years with moderate apneas. 16 of the participants learned the practice of the snap of Caracolas, while the remaining were assigned by way of control a deep breathing practice. Everyone had to practice for at least 15 minutes a day before being evaluated after six months. The results of the evaluation showed that the experimental group, explains the team, showed 34% diurnal drowsiness lower than the control group. They also reported less apnea and were detected higher levels of blood oxygen when sleeping. The Study details They were published in the magazine Erj Open Research of the European Respiratory Society. In Xataka | Apple Apnea detector is a new step in converting clocks into diagnostic tools. It is not clear if they will get it Image | Krishna K Sharma / Erj Open Research

“optimize” their babies even before they are born

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“There is no gene for the human spirit,” warns the protagonist of Gattaca, a film that imagines a future in which DNA decides who is valid and who does not. In that world, the genetic selection at birth assigns professions and determines the destiny of each. What seemed science fiction in the nineties begins to look at reality today: Silicon Valley, cradle of technological giants, has become an epicenter of a new market that seeks to optimize the next generation before even born. Babies to the letter. In a report by The Wall Street Journalstartups such as nucleus genomics, Herasight and Orchid Health They have brought the screening of embryos beyond the usual in in vitro fertilization (IVF). If before the objective was to rule out chromosomal anomalies or serious mutations such as cystic fibrosis or Down syndrome, predictions about the intellectual quotient (IQ) and the propensity to diseases such as Alzheimer’s, cancer or diabetes are now added. In this ecosystem, prices range between $ 2,500 per embryo analyzed in Orchid (to add 20,000 of an IVF cycle, According to Washington Post), The 6,000 of Nuleus or the 50,000 of Herasight. The clientele concentrates on the technological elites of San Francisco, where, As the WSJ has reportedthere are even matrimonial agents specialized in matching managers with “intelligent” couples to “have smart children.” Elon Musk has publicly defended that people with high intellectual talent should reproduce more. Prevention or social engineering? Behind the fever due to the genetic screening of embryos in Silicon Valley, very different motivations coexist, ranging from the intimate desire to avoid diseases to ambitious social engineering visions. For many future parents, priority is strictly medical: minimizing the risk of transmitting mutations associated with serious ailments to their children. This was the case of Simone and Malcolm Collins, cited by the Wall Street Journalwho, through the Startup Herasight, selected an embryo with low cancer probability; A medical decision that coincided with another “benefit”: the prediction that the child would be in the 99 intelligence percentile. On the other hand, other customers have come to these services promoted by a more openly cognitive objective. The mathematician TSVI Benson-Tilsen, co-founder of the Berkeley Genomics Project, He explained to the WSJ that his goal is to “make more geniuses” capable of facing global threats such as artificial intelligence out of control. And on a more ideological plane, the trend is aligned with pronatalism that, As my partner has written in Xatakagains influence in the United States and Europe: figures such as Elon Musk or Vice President JD Vance. The process. The path to an “optimized baby” begins the same as any in vitro fertilization treatment: ovarian stimulation, ovules extraction and laboratory fertilization. According to Washington Postthis step alone already represents about $ 20,000 per cycle, without counting genetic analysis services. Five days, at the blastocyst stadium, between five and ten cells of each embryo are extracted. This minimum material is amplified to sequence the genome, but the technique can introduce errors. From there, startups come into play, who apply algorithms to calculate risks and estimate traits. The reports that parents receive are more similar to a financial spreadsheet than a medical history: “How many points of IQ compensate for 1% more Risk of ADHD?” Or “What risk of Alzheimer’s accept in exchange for less probability of bipolarity?” The result of this reproductive engineering exercise is the selection of an embryo that, on paper, maximizes health and intelligence expectations. That will be, if the pregnancy thrives, the son who is born. Science under suspicion. While the marketing of these companies promises unprecedented control over the genetic future of a child, the science behind some statements is at least fragile. The Wall Street Journal collect the warning Of the geneticist Shai Carmi, a pioneer in polygenic prediction models: for the intellectual coefficient, current models only explain between 5% and 10% of the real variation between people. Translated to practical results, choosing the embryo with the “best” genetic score would barely mean an average gain of three or four points of IQ in front of choosing a random one. To this is added a technical problem: working with a few cells forces to amplify DNA, and that process can introduce distortions. Stanford Genetist Svetlana Yatsenko compared it at the Washington Post with “playing Russian roulette”: a mutation could appear as present or absent due to an amplification error, not to the genetic reality of the embryo. In addition, there are population limitations. Most genetic databases come from populations of European descent, which makes the predictions less precise – until 50% less – for people with different origins. Although companies such as Orchid claim to apply statistical corrections and, in some cases, avoid giving scores if they are not reliable, the source bias remains a scientific aquiles heel. And we arrive at the ethical dilemma. Selecting for a specific feature can lead to unexpected consequences. As Harvard statistic Sasha Gustav has warned In the WSJchoosing the most estimated embryonic embryability of high IQ could involve, at the same time, increase genetic predisposition to autistic spectrum disorder. In other words, genes are rarely “clean” from complex associations and, in many cases, which is optimized on the one hand can be a risk for another. Finally, there is the debate on whether this practice constitutes a new form of eugenics, even if it is private and voluntary. Lior Pachter, Bioeticist cited in the Washington Postbelieves that translating human genome into a series of numerical scores encourages the idea that “genes are better than others” and feeds a social division based on DNA. For defenders, such as TSVI Benson-Tilsen or Collins, it is not about discriminating, but about giving the children the best possible opportunity. For critics, it is to open the door to a world where the value of a person decides even that it is born. Pronatalism and Eugenics. The famous Sydney Sweeney announcement, in which a word game between genes and jeans served as … Read more

At greater depth, doubts arose

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In theory, endures 15 meters underwater. In practice, we put it in the sea with a mobile of 1,000 euros inside. What happened next is just what one wants to know before buying it. On this 24/7 of the Xataka YouTube channelAmazon’s best selling aquatic housing faces real use: pressure, photos, submerged time … and background fear to run out of mobile in the middle of the holidays. Angela Blanco He has used it during his holiday in El Hierro, in full formation for the Open Water course for underwater. Between snorkeling sessions and a drop to 8 meters deep, it has tried the housing in different real scenarios: salt, pressure, photos, touch handling and long periods underwater. “It’s very easy to use, it’s a pleasure to throw photos with your mobile.” From there, the analysis focuses on the physical limits of the accessory, the usability under pressure and the tranquility it offers … or not. The assembly is intuitive. The closure can be opened with a plastic accessory, but the most natural thing is to do it with your fingers. The phone is embedded by internal tabs that must coincide with the buttons of volume if you want to wear the mechanical shot. It also includes sponge to improve adjustment on certain models. It is compatible with most market smartphones, provided they have a screen between 4.7 and 6.9 inches. When there is not too much depth, the experience is quite good. The housing allows you to shoot, check photos and move through the interface with relative ease. Of course, it is convenient to remove the air well with the valve, because if it is trapped, the flexible film that covers the screen is swelled and hinders tactile control. To snorkel or move in areas where the mobile gets wet but does not immerse itself so much, the balance between usability and security is reasonable. Where do you put the limit between comfort and protection? “I’m not so happy today, I’m going to tell you what happened.” Thus the most delicate section of the test starts. It was when the first alert signals appeared seriously. 8 meters, the screen stopped responding and the mobile was practically useless inside the housing. The pond endured, but the control of the device disappeared at the key moment. Could it have avoided whether the camera had left open from the beginning? To what extent did the pressure or the design of the case influence? In the video we tell you in detail what happened and what conclusions we take. There are contexts where this housing fits well and others where it raises more doubts. Not everything was as we expected, and that is why This 24/7 has more crumb than usual. To snorkel it is an absolute yes: easy to use, comfortable, and gives enough peace of mind. If you are considering a case like this, the video can help you decide. It is on the Xataka YouTube channel. Images | Xataka In Xataka | For years I have a “holiday mode” on my phone: that is how they do not bother me

Archaeologists have been wondering how the drought affected the Mayan collapse. The answer was in a remote cave

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The sayinger says that the devil is hidden in the details. Often, when we talk about archeology, key clues too. Archaeologists who investigate the collapse of The Mayan civilization. For years experts wonder if that decline was motivated by changes in commercial routes, wars or climatic factors, such as droughts, a theory that has gained weight over the last years. What historians did not know is to what extent the Maya endured the shortage of rain between the ninth and 10th centuries. Now we finally know. And all thanks to A stalagmit Lost in a remote cave of Yucatan. What happened? That archaeologists have just achieved a valuable clue to better know the history of Mayan civilization. And not any period. What they have discovered is a fact that sheds light on one of their most fascinating chapters, The collapse of the classical period, a phase that extended Between the IX and X Centuries From our era and that he saw how the flourishing Mayan civilization fell into decline and the twilight of large cities arrived. During that stage the southern limestone settlements were abandoned and civilization moved northlosing part of its influence at a political and economic level. What have you found out? That this stage was marked by droughts. To be more precise, archaeologists have found out that between 871 and 1021 of our era they happened Eight long droughts In the Yucatan Peninsula, periods of water shortage that with all probability influenced the population. Not all of them lasted the same, but experts estimate that each of those episodes of agostation lasted at least three years, although there was one in particular that extended 13. Let us talk about extreme droughts It does not mean that it did not rain. With that term archaeologists refer to periods of at least three consecutive years during which the dry station lasted more months than usual or even in which one cannot talk about wet season as such. The experts They recognize That 13 years under these conditions, even with the water management techniques developed by the Maya, leads to “a great impact for society.” Why is it important? Because as the authors of the investigation recognize in An article Posted a few days ago in the magazine Science Advancesthat prolonged drought chain could play a key role in the history of the Maya, “contributing to the collapse of classical civilization.” “This period of Mayan history has fascinated us for centuries”, Recognize Dr. Daniel H. James, author of the study. “Multiple theories have emerged about the cause of collapse, such as changes in commercial routes, wars or severe droughts, based on the archaeological evidence left by the Maya. But in recent decades we have begun to learn a lot about what happened to the Maya and why, mixing archaeological data with quantifiable climate evidence.” Is it something new? Yes. And no. It is not the first time that archaeologists explore the impact that droughts had on the decline of classical Mayan civilization. Over the last years they have already reached more or less similar conclusions thanks to sediment study collected at the bottom of the Chichankanab lagoon or of Stalactite samples Obtained in a cave in southern Belize, clues that pointed to the role played by climate oscillations in The Mayan collapse. The new data obtained by James and their colleagues also fit other signals, as with the dates left by the Maya themselves in their monuments or records in the popular Chinchén Itzá. There, in one of the great settlement of the Yucatan, the inscriptions of dates are mysteriously faded just during the periods in which we now know that there were severe droughts. “It does not mean that the Maya left Chichen Itzá these periods, but it is likely that they had more urgent things than to worry about building monuments, as if the crops on which they depended would be successful or not.” So … why is it important? Although It is not the first time that archaeologists point to the effect of droughts in the Mayan collapse the new study published in Science It is important for several reasons. First, for your approach. Second, for its precision. In this case, researchers have departed from an especially valuable track: the stalagmites located in a Yucatan cave. Thanks to the dating and analysis of the oxygen isotope layers that contain these calcareous rocks, formed on the ground with the water that drips in the cave, experts have been able to obtain “very detailed information” on the climate of the terminal classic period. “Previous studies have measured the isotopes contained in lake sediments to determine the severity of drought, but do not contain enough detail to accurately find out the climatic conditions in a specific year and location,” They clarify From Cambridge. Unlike what happens with the sediments collected from the bottom of the lakes, “excellent to obtain a global vision,” says James, the stalagmites offer a variety of concise data. “They allow us to access more precise details that we were missing,” Write down the expertwho now acts as a researcher at the University College in London. According to the team, this has been the first time that archaeologists have been able to isolate information about the rains of humid and dry stations individually, obtaining the details of each one. How precise are they? Its authors say so. So far the stalagmites had provided data on rainfall annual measures during the classical terminal periodbut that information did not allow scholars to go down to detail. How much did it rain exactly in humid stations and dry? Thanks to the Yucatan stalagmite analyzed by the experts, which contains relatively thick annual layers, of about a millimeter, the experts have been able to analyze oxygen isotopes of each stage, an indicator of the drought. “Knowing the average annual rainfall does not reveal as much as knowing how every rainy season was”, Dr. James points out. “Isolate the rainy season … Read more

Streaming has been chasing shared accounts for years. The AI does not have that problem: our conversations embarrass us

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Dylan Patel He has nailed it. He says he never paid for Netflix or HBO because he always parasitized alien accounts, but now he has subscriptions to Chatgpt, Perpleplexity and Gemini. And without sharing them with anyone. We have been watching Netflix, Disney, Spotify and company setting devices, home verification, SMS codes to verify that you are the one who pays, geolocation to confirm that you live where you say living. A surveillance device for Avoid cases in the ten relatives enjoy what only one pays. There is a lot of money spent on anti-comparting technology, they have eroded experience. And yet, the accounts continue to share. Total, what else does your brother -in -law know what have you seen ‘The squid game‘This weekend. With the generative AI, no control system is needed. Shame does all dirty work: Nobody wants a partner to discover that he asks ChatgPT to how to write a sad three -line mail. Nobody wants your partner to read the conversations at two in the morning where you consult what to do before a vital and intimate doubt. The history of a Chatgpt or Claude account is an intimate, professional and personal newspaper in equal parts. A record of many insecurities disguised as Prompts. Something too revealing happened recently: When Openai charged GPT-4o for the arrival of GPT-5 there was a small revolt. Too many people had become accustomed to a warmer and more empathetic chatbot (perhaps more servile and complicating), and did not want to lose it. Openai had to reculate. There were people confessing without shame that he needed to recover his digital confidant, to That imaginary friend who will be imaginary but does not judge or yawn. Who always has time and is able to remember every detail of previous conversations. The imaginary friend of the 21st century. IA platforms have discovered the perfect business model: you don’t need to spend money on locks when People prefer to pay before admitting to what extent it depends on a machine. Or let others see their intimacies. Netflix, Spotify and the rest will continue to invest a lot in complicating the lives of those who share their account. Openai only needs to continue believing that no one else talks to Chatgpt As you do. And they are right: nobody else asks him the same shameful things as you. That is why none share the account. In Xataka | Chatgpt has been a tool. If you start remembering all our conversations, it will be something else: a relationship Outstanding image | Solen Feyissa

Send files among all my devices was a roll. Then I found this free application, Open Source and Multiplatform

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Airdrop and Quick Share (before Nearby Share) They are two sensational inventions, but they have a problem: they are not multiplatform. Airdrop only works in the Apple and Quick Share ecosystem alone in Android and Windows, so we have a problem if we mix devices. If you have an Android Mac and mobile, sending files from each other is a pain. If you have an iPhone and a Windows or Linux PC, the same. The solution? How could it be otherwise, an application Open Sourcefree, multiplatform and that works at one thousand wonders. My case. I have a Windows computer, an Android mobile and an iPad. I use the iPad to read and design, the mobile for all the things of day to day (but mainly take photos) and the PC for everything else. One can imagine how complex the file sharing is. To date, the simplest solution I had found were Telegram saved messagesbut it did not seem to me the most efficient way to send files, especially heavy, from one device to another, particularly from and from the iPad to others. LESS Airdrop. Whoever has an iPhone and a Mac will know the comfortable and above all, how fast is it sending any file through Airdrop: you share it, the devices are among themselves and wait a few seconds. Is there no alternative that works on any device, regardless of the brand? There are several, but the one that has managed to convince me for a matter of ease of use, for being free, multiplatform and Open Source His name is LocalSend. Localsend interface on Android | Image: Xataka LocalSend? It is an application that allows you to send files between devices through a local network without the need for Internet connection. To do this, use an API Rest and HTTPS encryption. It does not require external servers, but connects the devices with each other. The app has been developed by Tien do Nam and Your code is available in githubin case someone wants to take a look. And how does it work? Surprisingly well. The transfer is fast, stable and agnostic to the device. And if that were not enough, there is not a single ad, no data is not collected or data with third parties are not shared. A unicorn, go. Can be downloaded in Android, iOS, Windows, Linux and macOS From the official website. Patient potato (my mobile) sending files to Bright Melon (my PC) | Image: Xataka The only handicap is that both devices must be connected to the same Wi -Fi network, something that is not a problem if we are at home. Unfortunately, it is not compatible with Wi -Fi Directat least for now. If we had to use it away from home, it would be enough to create a local Wi -Fi network from the mobile and connect the devices to it. What can it serve. He has come to me to pass the brutes of the videos he recorded For Tiktok from the mobile to the PC (before I climbed them to Amazon Photos and downloaded them on the computer, like the beasts). It has also been good for me to spend some heavy designs from the PC or to send files to my mobile partner (Android) to yours (an iPhone). If you usually transfer heavy files between devices, localsend can be a great ally. Images | Xataka In Xataka | How to send large files: 9 free services with unlimited size

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