In 1957, Walt Disney was concerned that his cartoons lacked depth. So he invented the multiplane camera

In 1957 Walt Disney was fed up with his animated films being so flat. He needed to make his characters go from 2D to 3D, and he and his engineers created something prodigious: the multiplane camera. The system. Its operation went beyond traditional method of animated film productionand divided each frame into several planes so that landscapes and characters gave the sensation of being represented in three dimensions. The result, as you can see in this video, is amazing. Walt Disney himself explained in a masterful way how an invention worked that solved a fundamental problem: cartoons had no depth, and they needed to evolve to have it. The difficulty. That was not easy in the 50s, of course. Today’s technology has made 3D movies almost child’s play for an industry that embraced them as the next big revolution and then killed them. defenestration of these contents almost in its entirety. The animation process they followed at Disney made it completely handmade, and each second of animation involved enormous work that required each of the 24 frames to be photographed (the number varied depending on the formats) manually with cameras that would then produce those frames to join them into the final footage. Solving. The problem was that this made it almost impossible to add that depth effect: if you zoomed in on a landscape, everything increased at the same time wherever you were. That was unreal, and for example it caused the moon to increase in size in a night landscape scene at the same time and in the same proportion as a tree close to the viewer’s position. In order to correct this and other problems and produce those 3D frames, Disney and its engineers came up with the idea of ​​creating a multiplane camera that was used in certain scenes by dividing the planes of the scene. In the case of zoom, some shots approached faster than others, which gave this global zoom an amazing realism for the time. and the solution. The same thing happened when this technique was used when creating characters for these films that suddenly gained that depth that made them able to rotate, move forward or backward in the shot and all of this was reflected in the perspective. In the first video it is Mickey who demonstrates it, but this second video with Bambi as the protagonist also reveals the wonderful operation of a simply brilliant technique. In Xataka | The new sequel to ‘Pirates of the Caribbean’ exists, but it is not from Disney: this is how the legal ecosystem of fan films works In Xataka | There is an open dispute over the meaning of “the stork” from ‘The Lion King’. One worth 27 million dollars

China is building a tunnel under the sea for its high speed. It has already reached a record depth

Under the seabed, dozens of meters deep, there is a work that is progressing with a minimal margin of error. It cannot be seen from the surface, but it is part of a railway infrastructure key in southern China. According to CGTNthe country has reached a new milestone in the construction of a high-speed underwater tunnel: the excavation has already reached 113 meters under the seabed. The figure is not minor, because it places the work at a point where the geological conditions and water pressure significantly increase the technical difficulty. This advance is part of a much larger infrastructure that is taking shape in the south of the country. The 116-kilometer Shenzhen-Jiangmen high-speed line is designed to connect both cities in less than an hour, integrating into the rail corridor that runs along the Chinese coast. In this way, the project has entered a particularly demanding phase, in which the tunnel under the Pearl River estuary becomes one of the most technically complex points of the entire work. A section under the sea that concentrates the greatest technical challenge At the center of this phase of the project is the underwater infrastructure that requires refinement of each step. To execute it, the work relies on a large diameter tunnel boring machine developed in China. The machine, known as “Shenjiang-1”, has kept the excavation going continuously, even during festive periods such as Qingming. It not only drills the ground, it also allows progress while the interior lining of the tunnel is being built, a system that seeks to gain efficiency in one of the most delicate points of the route. From there, the challenge stops being just mechanical and becomes conditioned by the terrain. The TBM must traverse 13 different strata, with five types of composite geology and six fault zones along the route. These types of conditions force the operation to be constantly adjusted, because each layer can respond differently to the excavation. In this context, moving forward does not depend solely on the power of the machinery, but also on maintaining control in a challenging environment. Added to this complexity of the terrain is a less visible, but equally determining factor: the pressure of the water at those depths. The tunnel is planned to reach a maximum of 116 meters below the seabeda level at which hydraulic conditions become especially demanding for the machinery and the structure itself. To operate in this environment, the system uses a sludge circuit that fulfills a double function: on the one hand, it reduces friction at the excavation face and, on the other, it transports the extracted material to the surface, where it is separated and reused in the process. While the machine advances, the tunnel is not far behind. Just behind the excavation face, the teams are assembling the prefabricated concrete segments that form the interior lining. Each one measures around two meters wide and nine are needed to complete a ring in a structure that exceeds 13 meters in diameter. This system allows excavation and construction to progress at the same time, reducing time and helping to maintain the pace of execution. The magnitude of this work is better understood when put into perspective. Official information indicates that this section extends over 13.69 kilometers and crosses several waterways at the mouth of the river, located between Dongguan and Guangzhou. It is a key piece within a line designed to improve the connection in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Beyond the depth already achieved, the project seeks to strengthen regional connectivity and support economic integration in one of the most active areas of the country. Images | CGTN In Xataka | Singapore is literally coming into its own: reclaiming 25% of land from the sea and turning wastewater into drinking water

At greater depth, doubts arose

In theory, endures 15 meters underwater. In practice, we put it in the sea with a mobile of 1,000 euros inside. What happened next is just what one wants to know before buying it. On this 24/7 of the Xataka YouTube channelAmazon’s best selling aquatic housing faces real use: pressure, photos, submerged time … and background fear to run out of mobile in the middle of the holidays. Angela Blanco He has used it during his holiday in El Hierro, in full formation for the Open Water course for underwater. Between snorkeling sessions and a drop to 8 meters deep, it has tried the housing in different real scenarios: salt, pressure, photos, touch handling and long periods underwater. “It’s very easy to use, it’s a pleasure to throw photos with your mobile.” From there, the analysis focuses on the physical limits of the accessory, the usability under pressure and the tranquility it offers … or not. The assembly is intuitive. The closure can be opened with a plastic accessory, but the most natural thing is to do it with your fingers. The phone is embedded by internal tabs that must coincide with the buttons of volume if you want to wear the mechanical shot. It also includes sponge to improve adjustment on certain models. It is compatible with most market smartphones, provided they have a screen between 4.7 and 6.9 inches. When there is not too much depth, the experience is quite good. The housing allows you to shoot, check photos and move through the interface with relative ease. Of course, it is convenient to remove the air well with the valve, because if it is trapped, the flexible film that covers the screen is swelled and hinders tactile control. To snorkel or move in areas where the mobile gets wet but does not immerse itself so much, the balance between usability and security is reasonable. Where do you put the limit between comfort and protection? “I’m not so happy today, I’m going to tell you what happened.” Thus the most delicate section of the test starts. It was when the first alert signals appeared seriously. 8 meters, the screen stopped responding and the mobile was practically useless inside the housing. The pond endured, but the control of the device disappeared at the key moment. Could it have avoided whether the camera had left open from the beginning? To what extent did the pressure or the design of the case influence? In the video we tell you in detail what happened and what conclusions we take. There are contexts where this housing fits well and others where it raises more doubts. Not everything was as we expected, and that is why This 24/7 has more crumb than usual. To snorkel it is an absolute yes: easy to use, comfortable, and gives enough peace of mind. If you are considering a case like this, the video can help you decide. It is on the Xataka YouTube channel. Images | Xataka In Xataka | For years I have a “holiday mode” on my phone: that is how they do not bother me

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