world

be the tallest church in the world

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that the Holy Family It is an architectural jewel, there is little doubt. Which is one of the great icons of Barcelona and one of the obligatory stops for tourists who come to the city, either, as attested by the 4.8 million of visitors it received last year. Now Antoni Gaudí’s temple will be able to boast an added merit: being the highest church of the entire planet, a brand that has just been snatched from the Ulm Cathedral, which held that record since 1890. The key: a little big growth of its central tower. What has happened? That the world ranking of mega constructions has undergone an important change. Above all because of its symbolism for Barcelona, ​​Catalonia and Spain as a whole. Yesterday, almost on the eve of All Saints’ Day, those responsible for the works of the Sagrada Familia they hoisted a piece of the ‘Tower of Jesus Christ’ that has raised the height of the temple to almost 163 m. If the fact were not surprising in itself, it comes accompanied by a surprise for lovers of world records: it has turned the Catalan temple into the tallest church in the world, a merit that has been taken away from Ulm Cathedral. Why’s that? What the temple has just incorporated is part of the cross of the ‘Tower of Jesus Christ’, a centerpiece of the Sagrada Familia. More specifically what they installed on thursday The operators with a crane is the lower arm of the cross (7.25 m and 24 tons), which had arrived in July divided into four panels. Those responsible for the project detail that the piece has a double-turn geometry, a square shape at the base, octagonal at the top and a coating of white glazed ceramic and glass, materials chosen for their “luminosity and resistance to atmospheric conditions.” “Once completed, the cross will have a total height of 17 m, equivalent to a five-story building, and a width of 13.5 m,” they clarify. Why is it important? The Sagrada Familia takes almost a century and a half being built, an extensive period full of ups and downs and marked by milestones such as the death of the father of the project, the architect Antoni Gaudi (1926), the Civil War or the Covid-19 pandemic. Throughout this vast chronicle, the works have celebrated important milestones, but Thursday’s is especially symbolic. The reason? How has he been in charge of remember the Archdiocesan Church of Barcelona, ​​the new piece raises the glonal height of the temple to 162.91 meters. It is expected that in the next few monthsas the works are completed, the ‘Tower of Jesus Christ’ will take another growth spurt until reach 172 mbut the current mark has already been enough to turn the Sagrada Familia into a record building. And who had the record? Right now the tallest church in the world (recognized by Guinness World Records) is the Ulm Cathedrala Lutheran church located in Baden-Württemberg (Germany), built in several phases between 1377 and 1890 and which has a spire that reaches a height of 161.5 m. The difference with the Catalan temple is still minimal, but that will likely change in the coming months as the tower is completed. In summer the temple already conquered another milestone, also thanks to the pinnacle: it surpassed the Mapfre Tower and Hotel Arts and became the largest building from Barcelona. Its construction is possible thanks largely to the money that visitors pay to visit the temple. Last year the 4.8 million of visitors, 2.7% more than in 2023 and even above pre-covid data. Images | Holy Family 1 and 2 In Xataka | Gaudí planned a heavenly staircase for the Sagrada Familia. Fulfilling the project implies expropriating the neighbors

OpenAI has turned ChatGPT into mainstream AI. In the business world the game is being won by its great rival

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Anthropic is nowhere near as well-known as OpenAI, but its AI model, Claude, is gaining traction almost unnoticed. Perhaps because he is doing it in a somewhat more opaque sector like that of companies. at least like this I pointed it out this summer a study by Menlo Ventures that certainly paints an interesting picture for this corporate AI war. Overtaking on the right. The data of that company venture capital companies reveal that at the beginning of 2023 OpenAI dominated the business segment with its AI models: it had a 50% share, when Anthropic barely had 12%. In July the situation had changed radically, and while OpenAI had reduced its share to 25%, Anthropic had managed to grow it to 32%. Source: Menlo Ventures. Companies bet on Claude. According to data from OpenAI itself, the company already has 800 million users. A small part of them already use a paid subscription, and that has allowed annual revenue to rise to $13 billion by 2025. Of them, 30% come from companies. Anthropic itself points out that revenues in 2025 will be about 5,000 million dollars – although they may end the year with 9,000 – but 80% of them come from business clients, whose number now amounts to 300,000. The difference is notable. The programmers, protagonists. The Menlo Ventures report further argues that there is one type of professional user that is especially important in those numbers: programmers. In fact, Anthropic’s market share among developers is 42%, while OpenAI’s is 21%. A priori and according to this data, the developers’ preference is clear: they like Claude more than ChatGPT—and specific products, Claude Code and OpenAI Codex—when it comes to programming. Source: Menlo Ventures. Companies pay more easily. This reality seems to make it clear that for business users the benefits seem to be clearer and that is why companies do not seem to have qualms when it comes to paying for subscriptions to these AI models. Not only in programming, but for example in legal or administrative departments is where ChatGPT or Claude can improve productivity and save work for professionals, who pay to be able to use these options without the limitations of free plans. Even Microsoft signs up. Anthropic’s reputation is making companies traditionally linked to OpenAI also want to start betting on its models. This is what happened with Microsoft, which in September announced that Claude would be available in the Copilot suite in addition to ChatGPT. Meanwhile, OpenAI conquers the ordinary user. OpenAI’s approach is quite different. Although it obviously has part of its business focused on companies, its latest movements are very focused on attracting the largest possible number of users. The launch of Sora 2 and its social network Sora, and the recent presentation of the ChatGPT Atlas browser – which of course can also be used by professionals – indicate this. But. The data that puts Anthropic in this excellent position among companies comes from the Menlo Ventures study, but this company is an interested party because one of the startups in which it has invested is precisely Anthropic. Not only that, it is a common criticism among Anthropic users that their models are comparatively more expensive than those of competitors like OpenAI. These conclusions from the Menlo Ventures study may therefore be subject to suspicion. Image | Fortune Brainstorm Tech 2023 In Xataka | Anthropic has seen what OpenAI is doing with its circular financing and has decided that you only live once

A guy has been studying the diets of the oldest people in the world for years and is clear about what a good breakfast is.

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Dan “Longevity” Buettner is a controversial guy. He was the one who popularized the idea that five specific regions (Sardinia, Okinawa, Icaria, Nicoya and Loma Linda) had two things in common: a very high longevity and a diet with particular characteristics. Over time, the idea of ​​blue zones has been harshly criticized and rightly so. However, studying what people over a hundred years old were like, what habits they had and how they ate, has given us very interesting reflections. The importance of breakfast is one of them. We already know that breakfast is not the most important meal of the day. Although, of course, that doesn’t mean we can neglect it. Therefore, in a recent videoBuettner has given some recommendations. “The breakfasts of people who live longer do not include sugary cereals or greasy bacon,” he explained. On the contrary, the best breakfasts can be defined by three characteristics: it’s salty, it’s simple, and it’s rich in fiber. And it makes sense. For example, the evidence supporting fiber consumption. A diet with between 25 and 29 grams of fiber per day is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and even “all-cause mortality.” This is especially recommended in Spain where dietary surveys show the majority of the population below the recommendations. Something similar happens with “simplicity.” It’s not that more elaborate breakfasts are problematic per se. The fact is that the current rhythms of life make it easier for us not to complicate our lives and the “quick breakfasts” that the market offers are usually accumulate very high amounts of sugar (and salt). If we do not find simple and healthy alternatives, the drift will lead us to worse solutions from a nutritional point of view. Just the kind of things that “shorten” our lives. And then? Buttner makes some suggestions, of course: things like beans with rice, bread with avocado or even minestrone. That is, except perhaps the avocado (and thanks to the millennials), all the options are proposals that are somewhat far away from us – culturally speaking. However, breakfasts with legumes, whole grains and vegetables are not impossible. On the contrary, there are things “very much ours”, like tomato toast, that with a little care, would work as a scandal. What is clear is that, beyond Buttner, the available nutritional evidence is clear: we have to abandon cookies, cereals and other sweet breakfasts and adopt cheap, satiating and fiber-rich options. It doesn’t matter if it’s avocado and hummus or tomato, bread and olive oil. The important thing, as always, is to be more aware of what we eat. Image | Leti Kugler | Mae Mu In Xataka | Eating late in the morning is a bad idea. Now science knows better why

OpenAI is obsessed with making ChatGPT the best financial AI, and it makes all the sense in the world

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OpenAI has launched a secret project to train its artificial intelligence models on complex financial tasks, according to Bloomberg quotea medium that claims to have had access to internal documents. As the media shares, the company led by Sam Altman has recruited more than 100 former employees of large investment banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs to teach its AI to build financial models, one of the most time-consuming jobs for junior analysts. Project Mercury. As pointed out by documents to which the media has had access, this initiative pays $150 per hour to these contractors to write instructions and develop financial models of different types, which can range from corporate restructuring to IPOs. Sources Bloomberg assures that participants also have early access to AI that is being trained specifically to replace these types of financial tasks. A selection process almost automated. As well as detail From sources close to the company, candidates go through a 20-minute initial interview with an AI chatbot, followed by tests on financial statements and a final modeling assessment. Once in the program, contractors are expected to submit one model per week, prepared in Excel following industry standards, from margins to percentage format. Another way for OpenAI to become profitable. Although OpenAI recently reached a valuation of $500 billionthe startup still has not been able to be profitable. And the company is burning money to invest in all kinds of projects, while large data centers are built with excessive consumption of energy and water. And all this while the subscription of your users It is one of the few ways through which the company obtains direct income, something that currently does not pay off. Mercury can enable its AI to penetrate a key sector such as consulting and finance, while providing a new avenue for income. Investment banking. Just like point In the middle, banking analysts usually work more than 80 hours a week, especially when it comes to managing active operations, building detailed models in Excel for all types of tasks. For this reason, allowing them to choose a reliable language model for their tasks could save them a lot of time. The same old dilemma. According to some experts to whom he has had access the Fortune mediumconsider that a transformation is more likely than a direct elimination of employment. “I’m not convinced we’ll get rid of junior workers anytime soon, but I could imagine a world where the skill set we need them to have is different,” explains to the medium Shawn DuBravac, economist and CEO of Avrio Institute. The first wave of automation in banking. DuBravac esteem that in the next year firms will try to automate between 60% and 70% of the time that analysts currently spend on routine tasks such as cleaning data, formatting spreadsheets and building basic models. However, according to a McKinsey survey published in March, only 38% of organizations using AI predict that generative models will have little effect on their workforce size in the next three years. AI in banks. OpenAI already has important links with the financial sector. In fact, Morgan Stanley uses its technology in its wealth management division, and Altman’s company recently obtained a line of credit of 4 billion dollars from JPMorgan Chase, among other examples. What is also interesting is that JPMorgan itself is actively working on becoming the first “completely AI-powered megabank” of the world. Cover image | OpenAI and Lo Lo In Xataka | Anthropic has seen what OpenAI is doing with its circular financing and has decided that you only live once

The average price of Mb/s in each country in the world, arranged in a graph in which there is a unicorn: United Arab Emirates

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Accessing the Internet is a necessity. In an increasingly connected world and in which we trust practically all aspects of our lives to online applicationshave a good coverage and speed It has become something essential. In fact, a server “blackout” like him recently lived with those from AWS demonstrates to what extent we depend on this connection. However, although the Internet is global, there is a huge digital divide. To the point that there are some who pay a cent per Mbps… and others exceed four euros for the same amount. The graph. With data from We Are Socialthe graph prepared by Visual Capitalist compare the price of megabit per secondor Mbps, in more than 60 countries in 2025. Before commenting on individual cases, because there are very striking ones, it must be said that the estimate is that the average price of Mbps worldwide is around 45 cents. The global average is also around 40 euros, but as we can see in the data, there are countries above and below that completely distort that average. And something important to understand is that the price of Internet responds to infrastructure and population density (it is expensive to bring broadband Internet to remote populations), but also to factors such as competition and tax policies. One question: United Arab Emirates. The United Arab Emirates perfectly exemplifies those last two points. It almost seems incredible, but the price of Mbps in the country exceeds four euros. Data from We Are Social puts it at $4.31 per Mb/s, almost double what is paid in the next most expensive country: Ghana with its $2.58 per Mb/s. On average, an Emirati pays between 100 and 140 dollars just to have Internet, and the big question is what is happening to make that happen. The answer? Politics and competition. In the UAE there are only two companies that provide the service, so this lack of real competition means that they do not have a need to lower the price. Do you want Internet? Well, take it or leave it. Plus, there is the political part. The State forces operators to transfer up to 30% of their profits to the country’s coffers, and it is something that directly affects the price of the final bill for the consumer. The speed not bad (an average of 300 Mbps), but it is evident that the price is prohibitive for many, potentially generating the aforementioned digital divide. The Romanian secret. In it opposite side On the spectrum we have the countries of Eastern Europe, specifically in a country whose flagship company we know well in Spain: Romania and DIGI. The average prices for fiber optics in the country are around 10 euros and the price of Mb/s is just 0.01 dollars. Russia and Poland are not far behind, and what has caused this is precisely the opposite of what is happening in the UAE. After the fall of communism, dozens of private operators They began to deploy decentralized fiber optic networks. Taking advantage of community wiring in cities and building blocks, the “last mile” problem was solved, allowing Internet to be offered to a large number of people with minimal costs. It is estimated that almost 90% of Romanian homes have high-speed Internet and DIGI has exported that “policy” outside its borders, offering the longed for 10 Gbps at the price of 1 Gbps in countries like Spain. Above the dollar. Commenting on each country is a complex process because there are multiple factors that come into play, but I find it almost more interesting to see which countries are whose Mbps exceeds the dollar. In fact, these countries perfectly exemplify everything that comes into play when it comes to offering a cheap connection: Swiss: The average price is just over two dollars per Mbps due to the dominance of a single operator and the country’s salary structure: high salaries and, therefore, high maintenance costs. Kenya: averages about $1.54 per Mbps due to its poor fiber infrastructure that makes the country depend to technologies like starlink or the google balloons. Now, the competition is increasing little by little. Morocco: its $1.16 is explained by uneven infrastructure and just three companies that dominate the market. Australia: At its $1.33 per Mbps, the tremendously dispersed geography comes into play, with rural areas very far from each other. Germany: It is the one that is around a dollar per Mb/s and is not the fastest connection in Europe, far from it. In fact, it is a paradoxical situation as it is a power in Europe while having a worse cost/speed ratio than its neighbors. Reason? A large operator that dominates the sector and an old infrastructure, with many areas in which copper continues to be the trend. The Spanish situation. Within our borders, Spain has a comfortable position. There is enough competition so that prices are affordable, with an average of about 10 cents per Mb/s and 1 Gbps packages that are around 30-40 euros per month, depending on the company. Unlimited data is not uncommon on smartphones either. There are many companies that compete in a controlled and regulated environment, with obligations such as sharing infrastructure, and all of this has caused Spain to be a benchmark in the fiber deploymenteven in rural areas. In Xataka | How to improve your WiFi signal in seven easy steps

In 2018 it was a countryside on the outskirts of Chongqing. In 2025 it will be the largest train station in the world

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On June 27, China inaugurated the Chongqing East Railway Station, officially the largest railway terminal on the planet. With 1.22 million square metersThe equivalent of 170 football fields, this colossus is five times the size of New York’s iconic Grand Central. The project cost around 6.7 billion euros to materialize. In addition to its magnitude, this megastructure also has a series of very interesting characteristics that we are going to tell you about below. A titanic project in record time. Work officially began in November 2018, but satellite images shared by China Perspective on social networks show how between 2023 and 2025 the project went from being a vacant lot to a fully functional station. In fact, before work began in 2018, the area was a complete valley. The terminal opened to the public last June and already moves up to 16,000 passengers per hour. Click on the image to go to the post In addition to a station, a strategic node. Located in the Nan’an district, on the outskirts of Chongqing (a megacity in southwest China), the station has 15 platforms and 29 tracks. It is designed like a central axis within the national railway network known as “Ocho Verticales y Ocho Horizontales”, which connects the western and eastern regions of the country. From here, travelers can reach Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou in just six or eight hours. It also serves as a gateway to cities such as Chengdu, Wuhan or Kunming in times ranging from one to three hours. Image: Reddit Design inspired by the region. Unlike some of the stations we have in Europe, with a somewhat more austere design, Chongqing East boasts an aesthetic with cultural identityas well as functionality. The columns imitate the huangjue trees, typical of the area; the vents are shaped like flowers, and the welcome signs are designed like bamboo scrolls. Its glass ceiling also stands out, offering a good amount of natural light to the main room. A model of urban development. The station environment is conceived as a transit-oriented development zone, which will include hotels, offices, shopping centers and cultural facilities. In this way, the extensive land that existed before has now not only become a large station, but a whole new urban district. A way of doing things already classic in China. What’s coming Chongqing East is not finished, as it is only the beginning of an even more ambitious railway network. High-speed lines such as Zhengyu and Yukun are under construction and will further reinforce the station’s role as a continental hub. China has been showing us for decades how efficient its mega-constructions are, which go from record to record, as in the case of this station. Cover image | Yi Cheng (shared by China Perspective) In Xataka | While half the world debates and makes promises about nuclear energy, only one country is keeping them: China

May the world depend on your new energy

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Representatives of eight Western venture capital firms have traveled to China and realized one thing: the West can’t compete in new energy. This phrase could be a ‘clickbaitero’ headline, but it is the experience that representatives of several companies told a few weeks ago to Bloomberg. And the truth is that it is nothing new either. China has been consolidating a extraordinary domain in multiple clean energy sectors. It is something supported by industrial supremacy and significantly lower costs than those of its Western competitors, which has been evidently reflected in sectors such as electric car batteries or in sectors such as solar or wind energy. In the Bloomberg article, some of the components of that peculiar Western ‘road trip’ through China wonder How European and North American competitors can compete (or survive) in sectors such as batteries and components of renewable energy sources. The reason? The figures leave no room for doubt: China dominates batteriesthe wind turbinesthe solar panels, the electric vehicles and something even more important: the production chain and critical materials. New energy mastery Not so long ago, China had a massive problem within its borders: pollution that seriously harmed the health of its population. By adopting different measures, they have managed to reduce it significantly, achieving decarbonization objectives before the established dates. And much of the ‘blame’ is adoption of electric vehicles and energy sources that emit less CO₂ into the atmosphere. It is not unusual to see news every so often about the progress of some of China’s macro energy projects, such as the ‘great solar wall‘, huge wind turbines or the construction of the new largest dam in the world which, in addition, will be a gigantic hydroelectric plant. Such is the commitment to renewables that China has managed to the world depends on its technologywith Europe and the United States that cannot compete in the price of solar panels and with a so fierce competition between your companies that They have even had to sign agreements not to continue selling at a loss. Since we are with solar, esteem that China reached 887 GW of solar capacity in 2024, installing about 270 GW in that year alone. This represents 55% of all new solar installations in the world last year, but they are not only dominating this segment. The percentages leave no room for doubt: China controls between 80% and 85% of the world’s solar panel manufacturing capacity and more than 95% of solar wafers. In wind turbines, they count with 60-70% dominance of global production and nine of the fifteen largest global manufacturers they are chinese. As for electric vehicles, they have control of 70% of global production. In 2024, they manufactured 12 million of the 17 million EVs in the world, and of their production, 11 were sold in the domestic market. Related to the three previous points, we have the manufacture of batteries. It is estimated that they control between 75% and 80% of the production of lithium-ion batteries and these are used to store new energy, but also for electric and hybrid vehicles. The only technology where things are more even between China and the West is hydrogen. It is estimated that China dominates 53% of its production, while Europe (30%) and the United States (12%) would add 42%. Mastery of the production chain (and a model that cannot be replicated in the West) This dominance in production is evident, but beyond the data in the different sectors, there is another key that explains the power of Chinese companies. The country controls the rare earth productionalmost monopolistic way. The world depends on minerals and metals processed from rare earths, as they are critical in all technological sectors, but particularly in batteries and elements such as magnets that are used to create wind turbines. Without going any further, The country processes 80% of the world’s lithium and produce 90% of the anodes and electrolytes present in batteries. For years, The West has delegated that production to China due to how polluting they are, but now Western companies have come face to face with a reality in which China has the upper hand. The United States has realized this: if they applied tariffs, China limited exports of rare earth metals. Speaking of the United States, former Vice President Al Gore affirms that China’s supremacy in the energy transition will force many nations to establish closer ties with the country, describing, incidentally, the United States’ energy shift towards fossil fuels as “a tragedy.” And to this control of the production chain is added the so-called “model 996“. This system emerged in the chinese technology industryparticularly in companies like Huawei or Alibaba, and basically implies: I work from 9 to 9 six days a week. Considered a form of modern slavery, companies justified and defended as the method of matching Western technology companies in record time, but the mental health cost (and even suicides) was so enormous that the Chinese Ministry of Human Resources declared it illegal in 2021. Companies are required to comply with the law, but it has been denounced that there are still technology companies that continue with these practicesand added to all the above, it is something that the West cannot compete with. Unless you are a Silicon Valley company. Image | Google Maps, BYD In Xataka | While half the world debates and makes promises about nuclear energy, only one country is keeping them: China

Hijos de Rivera began as a brewery in A Coruña. Now you have just bought the best gin in the world

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Children of Rivera, the owner of Estrella Galicia, has bought the Galician distillery Vánagandrproducer of London Dry gin, which was recognized as the best in the world in 2024 and double gold at the International Spirits Challenge 2025. The operation, the amount of which has not been revealed, marks a new chapter in the transformation of a Coruña brewery into a group that has gone much further with premium beverages. Why is it important. The purchase responds to a very clear strategy: prioritizing quality over volume in a market where traditional consumption is falling. Sales of this type of beverage fell by 3.7% in 2024, with young people drinking less and less. But those who have not reduced consumption are now looking for superior products. Hijos de Rivera has identified that niche and is occupying it. The facts. Vánagandr was founded in 2014 in Cambre, a few kilometers from the Hijos de Rivera headquarters. In a decade, this craft distillery has accumulated more than 40 international awards. Its master distiller, Enrique Pena, is the only Spanish member of the Gin Guildan organization that promotes excellence in gin. The brand manufactures just 8,000 bottles annually, a volume that is expected to grow significantly under the umbrella of the Galician group. The context. This is not an isolated bet. Hijos de Rivera has been expanding beyond its beer core for years: October 2023: purchases Soul K, specialized in kombucha. March 2025: acquires Basqueland Brewing, a Basque craft beer. Tyris, a Valencian craft brewer, has also incorporated. Its Cabreiroá water brand sold 237 million liters in 2024, 3% more. The spirits catalog already included F de Formentera, Hijos de Rivera and Quenza liqueurs, and the distribution of Arehucas and Destiny Spirits rums. Between the lines. The strategy follows a clear pattern: the pursuit of brands with artisanal identity, international prestige and limited production. They do not buy to mass produce, but to preserve the essence that made those brands valuable. It is the same approach that has made Estrella Galicia a benchmark compared to larger industrial breweries. In this strategy, the challenge is to maintain that balance. Grow without losing the artisanal character, produce more without having to industrialize, distribute better without commercializing. And now what. Enrique Pena will continue as master distiller within Hijos de Rivera, which is a sign of continuity. Its connection to the Gin Guild gives the group international credibility. This purchase goes beyond the commercial transaction: the Galician group is buying knowledge, reputation and access to a premium segment in full expansion… while the market mainstream continues to contract. In Xataka | The great cane crisis: how Spain is leaving aside its favorite measure to drink beer Featured image | Rivera’s children

AI is running out of power in this world. So Nvidia has opted for servers in space

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The energy appetite of data centers is nothing new. Elon Musk predicts a shortage of transformers in two years. Sam Altman believes we will need an energy revolution, such as nuclear fusion, to keep pace. The planet was not prepared for so much energy demand. And that’s why Nvidia is funding a possible solution: deploy the servers outside of Earth. It’s not science fiction. It is the business model of several startups that propose building the next hyperdata centers in Earth orbit and even on the Moon. The idea, which until recently sounded far-fetched, is gaining traction driven mainly by two factors: the insatiable demand for AI and the low-cost launches that Starship promises. One of the companies leading this idea is Starcloud, supported by the NVIDIA Inception program. And he is so serious that he plans to launch his first satellite, the Starcloud-1in November. On board it will carry the first GPU for data centers launched into space: an NVIDIA H100. The difficult part will come later. Starcloud-1 is a test unit the size of a small refrigerator, but the company’s goal is to build a monster five-gigawatt orbital data center. Adding the solar panels and the enormous radiator, it would measure four kilometers wide. Its goal is the training of large AI models in orbit. Why in space? As detailed in an extensive white paperfuture models like GPT-6 or Llama 5 could require multi-gigawatt clusters, something “simply impossible with the current energy infrastructure” on Earth. In space, there is no such limitation. It’s more. According to Starcloud calculations, server energy costs are 10 times lower in space than on Earth. The value proposition of space data centers is based precisely on two pillars that are a problem on Earth: energy and cooling. Solar energy 24/7. On Earth, solar energy is intermittent. They depend on the day/night cycle, the weather and the atmosphere, which attenuates the radiation. In space, things change. By placing your data centers in a sun-synchronous “dawn-dusk” orbit, Satellites follow the line that divides day and night on Earth. With the panels illuminated by the sun almost continuously, the system increases its capacity to more than 95%. “Almost unlimited, low-cost renewable energy,” in the words of Starcloud. And the refrigeration? How would they dissipate all that heat? Land-based data centers consume millions of liters of fresh water to cool. There is no water in space, but they have something much better: an infinite heatsink at -270°C. The plan is not to ventilate the servers. The heat generated by GPUs (such as the H100) will be managed within sealed modules using liquid cooling (direct-to-chip or immersion), like high-performance systems on Earth. The difference is that this hot liquid does not go to an evaporation tower, but is pumped to gigantic radiator panels. These panels simply radiate waste heat into the vacuum of space in the form of infrared radiation. The Starcloud white paper details the calculations using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, estimating that a radiator at 20°C can cleanly dissipate more than 630 watts per square meter. Without using a single drop of water. Not everything that glitters in space is gold. The pillar that supports this entire concept is the launch of high-capacity reusable rockets, such as SpaceX’s Starship. Starcloud calculations are based on a long-term cost of $30 per kilo put into orbit. But Starship is not ready, and it is certainly far from achieving its full and rapid reusability capability. If that cost does not materialize, the economic viability of the system collapses. The other big problem is radiation. Commercial GPUs are not designed for space. Cosmic radiation and solar flares can fry electronics. The solution is shielding, which adds mass and therefore launch cost. Not to mention that maintenance is not possible with current technology.

One conspiracy theory says that all the instruments in the world are poorly tuned. And of course it includes the Nazis

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You may not know it, but there are people convinced that you have been hearing ‘wrong’ the music. Not just you. Everyone. And not because of a matter of taste or a problem with the bands, but of how we tune the instruments. In his opinion, we have been using the wrong reference (in hertz) for decades as a result of a Machiavellian Nazi plan to distort consciences. Everything is limited to a dilemma: 432Hz or 440Hz? Of hertz, Nazis and conspiracies. At this point in the film, anyone would say that it is difficult to be amazed by conspiracy theories. And rightly so. The conspiracy theorists have years decades defending all kinds of conjectures that talk about end of the world or diabolical population control plans. If the Magufo universe has something, however, it is an infinite capacity to surprise, as demonstrated by a theory that has sounded with force in the last few years. Its premise is certainly surprising: we have been tuning our musical instruments poorly for decades and we do it this way for a Nazi plan. a little history. Before getting into conspiratorial arenas, it is necessary to remember some history. Today perhaps we are accustomed to (almost) all musicians and orchestras are tuned the same, which basically means that all the “a” notes (do, re, mi… or any other) sound the same; but it has not always been like this. James Felton of IFL Science remember that centuries ago players were in fact accustomed to local variations in tuning. What’s more, a composer could lean towards an “a” at 423 hertz and another at 422. It is not a minor nuance because the hertz indicates the speed of vibration, which in practice affects how high or low the sound that reaches us is. “If we take Germany before 1600 as an example, organ pitch is believed to have varied between a maximum of A=567 Hz for the early simple pipe organs of the Middle Ages and a minimum of 377 for the early modern German organs of around 1511,” explains Lynn Cavanagh in a paper about the matter. What if we set a standard? That is the idea that was making its way among music professionals. Why not set a single standard that guarantees that an “la” is tuned the same (in hertz) in one country as in another, meaning that the same song will sound the same no matter who or where it is performed? This effort to unify can go back at least to late 19th centurywhen the Music Commission of the Government of Italy bet for all orchestras to use a 440 Hz tuning fork. The debate was not settled, however, and it would be decades before musicians reached a consensus. Without going any further, France and Austria advocated 435 and some composer did it for 432. In 1917 the American Federation of Musicians support the italian position, in 1939 A world conference organized by the British Standards Institute made a similar recommendation and already in the 1950s an international agreement was reached so that the “A” note on pianos would be tuned to 440 Hz. The objective: that the same key would sound exactly the same whether it was pressed in Spain or in Canada, India or the United States. The decision was endorsed decades later, in the 70s. Matter settled? Not at all. And not only because there are musicians who choose to other tunings or even certain orchestras bet on solutions alternatives, such as A-436 hz. Some conspiracy lovers have found in this global commitment to 440 hertz material to feed a theory that combines the Nazis, the effect of music on our health and a delirious experiment for the mind control. There are those who even put into the equation to the Rockefellerthe Great Pyramid of Egypt, Stonehenge, the Sun and the Moon or the Sri Yantra. Curling (even more) the curl. To better understand the phenomenon, it is good to take a look at an article published in 2021 by Reuters Fact Check. In it the news agency echoes the hoax and dismantles it point by point speaking with academics. Before, he cites verbatim one of the network publications that defend the theory, a unique opportunity to learn about his argument: “Did you know that Jimi Hendrix, along with John Lennon, Bob Marley and Prince, tuned their music to a specific frequency of 432 hertz? It is known as the ‘heartbeat of the Earth’, it has important healing benefits and ancient Egyptian and Greek instruments have been found tuned to 432. However, since 1953 all music has been tuned to 440. This frequency has no scientific relationship with our universe and, in fact, causes turmoil. “The Nazis used it in World War II against their enemies to make them feel and think a certain way.” Is it an isolated theory? No. In fact, a quick Google search can find a good number of articles that they collect the theory of one way or anotherwith variations. After all, if there is one thing about conspiracy theories, it is that they are not usually standardized, just like musical tuning was centuries ago. They read statements such as that the Rockefeller Foundation promoted the 440 Hz standard as part of a supposed “war against conscience”that one of the great supporters The change was the Nazi minister Joseph Goebbels, who saw in 440 Hz a way to distort consciousness, or that tuning at 432 hertz is much better for humans because “reflects the proportions” of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon, among other things. As a test They show the patterns of water when it is vibrated with a 432 Hz sound. “They have no empirical basis”. Although there are strong supporters of those ideas and that we would all be much better off if we listened to our music tuned to 432 Hz, his statements raise the eyebrows of experts. And that at least. “There is no … Read more

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