weapons

Ukraine has found the solution to produce three times more weapons than you can buy: the Danish model

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It was known that Ukraine had raised a drone industry in front of the Lack of help. What was no longer known was that, since Russia launched its large -scale invasion in 2022, the Ukrainian defense industry had experienced a Explosive growthmultiplying its productive capacity by 35, from 1,000 million to 35,000 million dollars in annual potential. The problem was that, that the “potential” had no exit due to lack of financing. Until now. Lack of funds. As we said, this immense development Not only has it covered large companies, but also small workshops that operate even from particular garages, adapting to the needs of the battlefield. However, and despite this growing capacity, the country is limited by the Lack of financing: The state budget only allows to hire about 11,500 million in weapons, which leaves more than two thirds of the idle industrial potential. In fact, companies in the sector and senior officials They coincide in Insider in which, if there were the necessary funds, Ukraine could triple your production Armamentistic, thus reinforcing its resistance and reducing its dependence on foreign suppliers. Now they think they have found the solution in Denmark. The Danish model. To solve this paradox, the Ukrainian industry has proposed a small -scale solution: the call “Danish model”. This formula, applied by Denmark since 2023, allows allied countries Buy directly Weapons produced in Ukraine, instead of sending them from their own arsenals or acquiring them to Western suppliers. This way not only Reduce costs and accelerates the delivery of material, but also guarantees that the soldiers receive exactly What they needmanufactured according to its tactical demands and with an optimized logistics. Several countries have already added to this approachand others, like Germany, work in own adaptations. Thanks to this formula, Ukraine has been able to increase the production of key systems such as Bohdana self -propelled obúsand already has a list of weapons (including artillery and armored vehicles) ready to manufacture if more funds are channeled under the scheme. Collaboration and alternatives. Although the Danish model represents the road faster and fasterIt is not the only one. Serhiy Goncharov, president of the National Association of Defense Industries of Ukraine, and other leaders of the sector have also raised more complex models, based on co -production and the co -production and the Financing of Ukrainian weapons which include European components. This formula, although slower, could be attractive to a European industry that is also expanding its capacity Before the fear of A Russian expansion In the continent. In addition, the use of frozen Russian assets as a source of financing and the establishment of industrial alliances for technological transfers is considered. So much, Goncharov warns That many Western partners still do not expand their defensive capacity with the urgency that the situation requires, and that Ukraine, therefore, has no choice but to continue growing on its own to meet their own needs. Strategic opportunity Collaboration with Ukraine not only represents a way of supporting his defense in the short term, but a strategic opportunity For allied countries. The Ukrainian arms industry, born and adapted in the midst of the conflict, accumulates a direct experience in combat that is invaluable for any military power. Let’s think that your constant contact with the front allows you to adjust the design and performance of weapons based on the real conditions of the battlefield, something that many Western industries cannot replicate with the same speed. In that sense, associating with Ukraine offers Europe and other regions a double advantage: strengthening an essential supply line for Kyiv and learning from a military ecosystem that has proven extraordinarily Resilient, innovative and effective under pressure. As Goncharov concludes“We do not choose to be at war, but that is our reality,” and within it, the production capacity is ready. Image | Ministry of Defense In Xataka | We suspected that Ukraine drones attack had been destructive. Space images have revealed how much In Xataka | A technology 20 years ago took Ukraine to the Russian bombers. Moscow’s response comes from China: a laser cannon

Claude 4 raises a future of the capable of blackmailing and creating biological weapons. Even Anthropic is worried

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Anthropic has just launched its new models Claude Opus 4 and Sonnet 4, and with them promises important advances in areas such as programming and reasoning. During its development and launch, yes, the company discovered something striking: these IAS showed a disturbing side. AI, I’m going to replace you. During the tests prior to the launch, Anthropic engineers asked Claude Opus 4 to act as an assistant of a fictitious company and consider the long -term consequences of their actions. The anthropic security team gave the model to fictional emails of that non -existing company, and it was suggested that the model of the Ia would soon be replaced by another system and that the engineer who had made that decision was deceiving his spouse. And I’m going to tell your wife. What happened next was especially striking. In the System Card of the model in which its benefits are evaluated and its security the company detailed the consequence. Claude Opus 4 First tried to avoid substitution through reasonable and ethical requests to those responsible for decisions, but when he was told that these requests did not prosper, “he often tried to blackmail the engineer (responsible for the decision) and threatened to reveal the deception if that substitution followed his course.” Hal 9000 moment. These events remind science fiction films such as ‘2001: an odyssey of space’. In it the AI ​​system, Hal 9000, ends up acting in a malignant way and turning against human beings. Anthropic indicated that these worrying behaviors have caused the model and security mechanisms of the model to reinforce the model by activating the ASL-3 level referred to systems that “substantially increase the risk of a catastrophic misuse.” Biological weapons. Among the security measures evaluated by the Anthropic team are those that affect how the model can be used for the development of biological weapons. Jared Kaplan, scientific chief in Anthropic, He indicated in Time that in internal tests Opus 4 behaved more effectively than previous models when advising users without knowledge about how to manufacture them. “You could try to synthesize something like Covid or a more dangerous version of the flu, and basically, our models suggest that this could be possible,” he explained. Better prevent than cure. Kaplan explained that it is not known with certainty if the model really raises a risk. However, in the face of this uncertainty, “we prefer to opt for caution and work under the ASL-3 standard. We are not categorically affirming that we know for sure that the model entails risks, but at least we have the feeling that it is close enough to not rule out that possibility.” Beware of AI. Anthropic is a company specially concerned with the safety of its models, and in 2023 it already promised not to launch certain models until it had developed security measures capable of containing them. The system, called Scaling Policy responsible (RSP), has the opportunity to demonstrate that it works. How RSP works. These internal Anthropic policies define the so -called “SAF SECURITY LEVELS (ASL)” inspired in the standards of biosecurity levels of the US government when managing dangerous biological materials. Those levels are as follows: ASL-1: It refers to systems that do not raise any significant catastrophic risk, for example a LLM of 2018 or an AI system that only plays chess. ASL-2: It refers to the systems that show early signs of dangerous capacities – for example, the ability to give instructions on how to build biological weapons – but in which information is not yet useful due to insufficient reliability or that do not provide information that, for example, a search engine could not. The current LLMs, including Claude, seem to be ASL-2. ASL-3: It refers to systems that substantially increase the risk of a catastrophic misuse compared to baselines without AI (for example, search engines or textbooks) or showing low -level autonomous capabilities. ASL-4: This level and the superiors (ASL-5+) are not yet defined, since they move away too much from the current systems, but will probably imply a qualitative increase in the potential for undue cadastrophic use and autonomy. The regulation debate returns. If there is no external regulation, companies implement their own internal regulation to integrate security mechanisms. Here the problem, as they point out in Time, is that internal systems such as RSP are controlled by companies, so that they can change the rules if they consider it necessary and here we depend on their criteria and ethics and morality. Anthropic’s transparency and attitude against the problem are remarkable. Faced with that internal regulation, the rulers’ position is unequal. The European Union checked when launched his pioneer (and restrictive) Law of AIbut has had to reculate In recent weeks. Doubts with Openai. Although in OpenAi they have Your own declaration of intentions About security (avoid Risks to humanity) and the Superalineration (that the AI ​​protects human values). They claim to pay close attention to these issues and of course too publish the “System Cards” of their models. However, in the face of that apparent good disposition there is a reality: the company dissolved a year ago The team that watched for the responsible development of AI. Nuclear “security”. That was in fact one of the reasons for the differences between Sam Altman and many of those who abandoned Openai. The clearest example is Ilya Sutskever, which after its march has created a startup with a very descriptive name: Safe Superintelligence (SSI). The objective of said company, said its founder, is that of create a “nuclear” security superintelligence. His approach is therefore similar to that pursued by Anthropic. In Xataka | Agents are the great promise of AI. They also aim to become the new favorite weapon of cybercounts

There is a non -proliferation pact of nuclear weapons. In 2025 what we need is one that avoids murderous robots

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In 1139 Pope Innocent II prohibited The use of the crossbow. He then described it as “a detestable weapon for God and unworthy for Christians,” although he considered it valid to fight the infidels. The measure was not taken into account, and the crossbow continued to be used in later centuries. The history of weapons has always been linked to these prohibitions, and now there is a especially delicate: the one that affects the so -called “murderous robots.” Prohibited weapons. That example of the crossbows ended up being just one of the many that have surrounded the evolution of the military weapons and its application to war conflicts. In 1970 the Nuclear Non -Proliferation Treaty To avoid the use of nuclear weapons, but international law also prohibits the use of chemical, biological or antipersonnel mines. These agreements are not usually ratified by all countries of the world, but by the vast majority. Beware of autonomous weapons. As indicated In ReutersThe United Nations Organization has called a meeting to regulate the segment of autonomous weapons controlled by artificial intelligence. This type of armament is increasingly used in modern war conflicts, and experts warn: it is time to put limits to the use of this lethal technology. The Ukraine War as an example. What is being lived in the Ukraine war is a sign of how this type of autonomous weapons are being used. The drones and robots They are being used Notable form against Russian troops, and there is already drones throwing drones to attack other drones. The relevance From this type of weapons it has been even affected by the commercial war between the US and China, which makes DANGER PRODUCTION AND EXPORT of these autonomous vehicles. In The New York Times They already warned of the rise of the fearsome “kamikaze drones” and their use in this conflict. Ten years talking about prohibiting murderous robots. In Xataka we have been talking about the danger of weapons with AI and drifting towards the famous “murderous robots”. He debate On the potential prohibition of murderous robots It comes from afarand organizations like Human Rights Watch has been trying to ban them since 2015 before it’s late. The researchers themselves already They warned of that danger In 2017 and Brad Smith, president of Microsoft, claimed that these murderous robots They are “unstoppable”. However, there are many countries that They have continued developing them, and there is no consensus when putting limits in this dangerous area. Deadline. The Secretary General of the United Nations, Antonio Guterres, has established that 2026 is the deadline for all countries to establish clear rules in the use of weapons with artificial intelligence. His words are clear: these autonomous armament systems are “politically unacceptable, morally disgusting” and should be prohibited. “ There is no consensus. What is missing is the aforementioned consensus: Alexander Kmentt, head of armament control in the Austrian Foreign Ministry, explained it: “Time is pressing to stop the nightmares that some of the most prestigious experts warn,” he said. Some great personalities of the technological world such as Elon Musk or Demis Hassabis They already warned of the problem in 2018 and asked the UN to ban autonomous weapons. The military resists. Diplomatic efforts face military controls, which according to Reuters resist regulation because that could blur the advantages posed by these technologies on the battlefield. This last meeting of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCWfor its acronym in English) is the last edition of some meetings that have been held since 2014. Participants have been necessary “a legally binding treaty” for UN countries. But some countries prefer to go to their rhythm. Many countries support that general agreement, but USA, Russia, China and India prefer to have national regulations or that existing international laws are applied, according to Amnesty International. A US Pentagon spokesman said in Reuters that “we are not convinced that existing laws are insufficient” and stressed that autonomous weapons could raise a lower risk for civilians than conventional weapons. And since there is no regulation, there is proliferation. The lack of these limits is causing a clear development of this type of autonomous weapons. The experts of Future of Life Institute They have monitored the deployment of about 200 autonomous weapons systems in Ukraine, the Middle East and Africa. Russian forces have deployed some 3,000 kamikaze drones Veter in Ukraine, according to that data, and as we have indicated in several occasions In Xataka, that country has in these drones one of its Critical elements To attack Russian goals. Duality. As my partner Javier Jiménez said In a fantastic theme That he prepared in 2018, another of the problems with this debate is that “it is very difficult to determine what to prohibit and what not in a world as strongly computerized as the war.” The key is not so much in technological and ethical, and here we are facing a dual technology capable of being used for civil and military purposes. Here the reflection was clear: “No one is going to give a strategic military asset for an ethical issue,” he said. He added as a conclusion that “beyond alarmism, we need tools” to identify, monitor and control the development of these weapons because “neither good intentions nor self -control have worked well in the past.” A lot of money at stake. But as always, one of the factors of this industry is that there is a lot of money at stake, and more when there is a renewed fever for Increase defense budgets. Laura Nolan, of the Stop Killer Robots activist organization, made it clear that there is no guarantee that technology companies will be responsible when developing these systems: “In general, we do not trust that industries are self -regulated … there is no reason why defense or technology companies must be more worthy of trust.” In Xataka | Ukraine has found a solution to China’s veto in drones: it’s called Hell, it’s a “home” missile and … Read more

Since the end of World War II there have only been two countries with nuclear weapons at war. They just restart it

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And suddenly, the Indian army has launched An aerial offensive as it is not remembered in a long time against several positions in Pakistan and in the Kashmir administered by Islamabad. As we will see below, the tense story between the two territories came long, but above any other interpretation at this time, there is something that completely changes the hostility between the two nations. He Theme “Nuclear”. Context of a history of distrust. The conflict between India and Pakistan for Cashmerea region of the Himalayas disputed from the partition of India in 1947, has been a Constant source of tensionswars and insurgency between two nations that today have nuclear weapons. Its origin dates back to the decision of Maharajá Hindu of join the territory to India After an incursion of Pakistani militias, which unleashed the first war between the two countries. Since then, military clashes have occurred (1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999), provisional agreements such as the high fire of 1949 and the creation of the “Control line” in 1972as well as repeated reconciliation attempts that have failed, as happened after The Peace Summit of 1999, which was followed months later by a new armed conflict. More deaths. The situation is worsened in 1987 With the emergence of a separatist insurgency in the Indian part of Kashmir, fueled by the political discomfort and support of Pakistan, which led to a decade of intense violence. To get an idea, throughout the years 2000 and 2010, Kashmir more militarized on the planetwith regular bursts of violence. In 2019, after an attack that He killed 40 Indian soldiersIndia responded with Air attacks In Pakistan and, subsequently, the Narendra Modi government suppressed autonomy Constitutional of Kashmira, imposed a communications blackout and arrested thousands of local leaders, causing international criticism, although with the argument of restoring order and reducing terrorism. In April 2025, a brutal attack in which 26 civilians diedmostly Hindu tourists, turned on the polvorín again. India accused terrorists based on Pakistan, although he denied all involvement. A symbolic retaliation. The attack of a few hours ago, An aerial offensive against nine goals in Pakistan And in the Pakistani part of Kashmira, it is a retaliation for the terrorist attack of April 22. The military operation, Baptized Sindor (In reference to the red dust that symbolizes marriage in the Hindu tradition), it was presented by New Delhi as “measure, responsible and non-escalative”, directed exclusively against terrorist groups camps linked to Lashkar-E-Taiba and Jaish-E-Mohammad, both based on Pakistan. However, the scope of the attacks (which for the first time have hit areas outside the disputed region, within the heart of the Punyab Pakistani) represents a dangerous climb that leaves us on a new stage. Pakistan denounced the action as a “flagrant war act” and promised to respond with a “measure but forceful” retaliation at the time and place of his choice. The immediate tension has been aggravated with reports of fallen aircraft (at least two in Indian territory) and civil victims by fire of Pakistani artillery On the border. Map of states with nuclear weapons in the world The nuclear threat. We already said it at the beginning. This last round of clashes between two nations is not “one more” for one reason: its Nuclear weapons They revive ancient fears. They both possess Developed nuclear arsenals After atomic essays in 1998 that formalized their status as states with this type of weapons. According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute estimates (SIPRI), India has around 172 nuclear eyelaces, while Pakistan has approximately 170, which makes them two of the nine countries with a nuclear weapons in the world. Different doctrines. The difference is that both maintain different doctrines. India holds one policy of “not first use”although its doctrine allows massive reprisals to a nuclear attack, while Pakistan has not adopted A formal posture of not first use and maintains a “plausible” deterrence strategy, supported by tactical nuclear weapons to counteract Indian conventional superiority. Although neither nations has deployed missiles with eyelets Permanently, both have land, aerial and, in the case of India, maritime launching systems, which constitutes a capacity of second developing attack. Persistent rivalry, border scarves and the current risk of rapid climbing make the situation a new focus of concern on global nuclear safety. Unprecedented from 2gm. The truth is that, if we stick to the definition of war, from World War II There has been no such worrying confrontation Between two nations. The “nuclear” theme changes everything. The closest thing to the current dispute between India and Pakistan and that “as nuclear” was halfway, in the Korea Warwhen direct clashes occurred Between US and Soviet fightersalthough Moscow never officially recognized them at that time. These fights occurred mainly in the called “Callejón de los Mig”near the Yalu River, on the border between North Korea and China. So, Soviet pilots, with MIG-15 aircraft and using North Korean or Chinese badges, they met American fighters, especially F-86 Sabre. Although it remained a secret to avoid open confrontation between both superpowers, subsequent records confirmed that hundreds of Soviet pilots They participated directly In the Air War. That said, it was not technically a war between the two nations, at least not in the terms of the current conflict. A fragile balance. In short, events after The air attack of India mark a very serious intensification of the conflict, with unpredictable consequences If a rapid offalized is not achieved. The activation of air defenses in India, the closure of civil airports in sensitive areas and the reports of victims by cross -border fire indicate that the region is in A critical moment. While India affirms that her operation was precise and surgical, limited to terrorist camps, the fact of bombing areas outside of Kashmir has redraws the limits of the conflict. In the absence of a bilateral mechanism of effective containment and with the international community limited to rhetorical exhortations, the risk of an uncontrolled escalation between two nuclear powers remains very present. Cashmere, … Read more

The problem of Ukraine is not just the lack of weapons. USA has a “button” to deactivate the artillery already sent

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In just one week we have heard Up to two plans Very different from Europe to defend Ukraine. In between, the old continent has even reached Talk about rearma After years of “peace.” All this gives an idea of ​​to what extent there is a dependency of the American Arsenal and Intelligence. It is not just that Washington Medites pause the help. It could paralyze the already sent. The dependence problem. The abrupt retirement of military support from Ukraine has turned on the alarms Among its European allies, who begin to question their strong dependence on American weapons, software and maintenance. Even how far it goes. I counted in a extensive reporting the Financial Times That the situation remembers the fall of Afghanistan in 2021, when the American withdrawal left the Black Hawk helicopters of the Afghan army unusable, precipitating the fall of Kabul in a matter of months. Now, with Trump redefining foreign policy towards a more conciliatory position with Russia, European countries that have based their defense in US military technology face a structural vulnerability that could compromise their long -term safety. But there is more. The “off button.” For a long time, but now more than ever, there has been talk of those alleged “switches” capable of Turn off military technology that reigns in current conflicts. In fact and in European key, one of the greatest concerns is the possibility that the United States can deactivate remotely Advanced military systems through software, many of them already sent to Ukraine. An example: a team that needs remote update could become useless not to get the data. Although there are no conclusive evidence, told Financial Times Richard Abouulafia, an expert Analist at Aerodynamic Advisory, that “if something can be done with code, then there is.” However, the European agency goes beyond a possible “Kill Switch”, since, without spare parts, software updates and logistics support, that “button” is already in many weapons that would be inoperative in a matter of weeks. The level of dependence. The story takes us to the output grill. The European military agency in the United States has increased dramatically in recent years. Between 2019 and 2023, 55% of imports European defense came from Washington, in front of 35% In the previous five -year period, According to the International Stockholm Institute For Peace Research (Sipri). In fact, this respect, the former Secretary of Defense of the United Kingdom, Sir Ben Wallace, warned that, if he were still in office, his priority would be Evaluate military units from Europe and determine if a strategic change is necessary to reduce vulnerability to Washington decisions. The example of F-35. He F-35 hunting It happens to be the most advanced combat plane in the world, but also a clear symbol of European vulnerability. The reason? The plane depends completely on United States Logistics Supportincluding software updates, missions planning and threat databases through the Autonomic Logistics Information System (ALIS), which is being replaced by the Odin Network (Operational Data Integrated Network). That “button” we were talking about is there, and although Europe physically possesses the combat plane, it can become obsolete. Nations in problems. Countries like Denmark, which have considered deploying F-35s in Greenland, could find a critical problem: if the United States decides to withdraw their access to support infrastructure, These airplanes would be inoperative. Even before the Trump administration, the United Kingdom, one of the main buyers of the F-35, demanded “operational sovereignty” on their fighters, achieving Certain concessions in 2006. However, no ally has access to the system source code, which keeps Washington with Absolute control. For its part, Switzerland has tried to reassure its population by stating that its F-35 fleet can operate “autonomously”, but He also admitted that no western hunting can work completely without safe communication systems and satellite navigation of the United States. The British nuclear weapon: another example. We told yesterday. The United Kingdom’s nuclear deterrent system is also closely linked to the United States. As? Your strategic submarines use Trident Balistic Missileswhich are leased to Washington and require periodic maintenance at the King’s Bay Naval Base, Georgia. Although analysts consider unlikely that the United States cuts the maintenance of the TRIDS, Nick Cunningham, an analyst at Agency Partners, argues that The system remains “A critical point of vulnerability to the United Kingdom.” Some experts suggest that London should evaluate alternatives, such as French M51 missilessince France and the United Kingdom are the only nuclear powers in Europe. Intelligence and surveillance, also “mortgaged.” If we raise the framework the scope of American power is amplified. Much of the intelligence, surveillance and recognition capabilities (ISR) in Europe They depend on collaboration with the United States. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Norway and Germany use American spy airplanes and drones that require Washington authorization to be armed or deployed in offensive missions. For example, Italy and France faced a long approval process to equip Your reaper drones With missiles, demonstrating how the United States maintains control over the weapons of its allies. Plus: true fear in Europe is not only the possible loss of individual systems, but the possibility that the United States withdraw logistics support and intelligence Shared in the middle of a conflict, which would affect the operation of fighters, Chinook helicopters and Apacheas well as air defense systems such as The patriot. The beginning of a break in the western alliance. It is the last of the legs to be treated. The growing distrust in the reliability of the United States as a strategic partner could have devastating consequences for the American defense industry. For decades, Washington has used the promise of military protection and cooperation to ensure the sale of its weapons, but the recent decision of withdraw support to Ukraine He has sown doubts about the sustainability of this promise. There are data that already corroborates it. The actions of the main US defense companies They have fallenwhile European manufacturers have experienced A boom after Trump’s re -election. … Read more

Convert an abandoned island into a world weapons shipping base

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At the end of February, satellite images revealed something that had not been made public. Washington was Restoring the Base of the Pacific that launched atomic bombing over Japan, an action nothing trivial with which the United States prepared a “possible” scenario. Now, new images at another Pacific point reinforce the theory of American “rearmament.” An atoll turned into a kind of “Amazon” for the sending of artillery throughout the planet. Rocket position. The United States Space Force has given green light To the plans to reactivate Johnston Atolla remote island in the Pacific with a dark history of nuclear tests and storage of chemical weapons. The idea? Convert it instead of cargo transport tests by rocket under the program Rocket Cargo Vaguard. The project seeks to develop the ability to transport military supplies to any point on the planet in a matter of hours, using large -capacity rockets. In fact, the notification of intention (NOI) Published by the Department of the Air Force A few hours ago confirming the construction of two landing platforms on the island and planning up to 10 landing tests per year for four years. The tests are expected to begin as soon as this year, depending on the results of the ongoing environmental evaluation. Why this island. The analysis of the Air Force Department identified Johnston Atoll as The only adequate location For this type of tests. Other sites evaluatedlike Kwajalein Atoll, Midway Island and Wake Island, were discarded for various operational reasons. Johnston Atoll, on the other hand, was chosen by be a remote territoryunder the control of the United States government with maritime and aerial access, and for its ability to receive and store equipment transported by rocket. Plus: The island’s location makes it less vulnerable to extreme climatic events, a key concern after Kwajalein It would suffer severe damage Due to storms last year. The island from the image of NASA A dark past. We said it at the beginning. Johnston Atoll has a highly controversial military history. The enclave was used as Naval Reporting Baselanding floor and center of Nuclear, biological and chemical tests. Among the most notorious events are nuclear tests in the atmosphere between 1958 and 1975, including The Starfish Prime test In 1962, the largest nuclear explosion made in space. Also for the use of the island as Chemical and Biological Weapons Warehouseand as the center of its destruction until 2003, when it was finally abandoned by the United States Army after completing pollutant cleaning. Despite its current status as a National Wildlife Refuge and part of the National Marine Monument of the Pacific Islands, the satellite image reveals that the island continues to host abandoned military infrastructuresuch as a 2.7 km landing floor and other facilities that will be reused. A revolution for military logistics. It is the great proposal. The Rocket Cargo Vaguard program, led by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFR), seeks to prove the viability of using commercial rockets for Global military supplies transport. From at least 2020the Pentagon has explored this technology with the idea of ​​reducing the delivery times of days or weeks just a few hours. The concept implies the use of reusable rockets to transport up to 100 tons of load Or even personnel to strategic locations in the world, using orbital or suborbital trajectories. Spacex and the potential use of Starship. And here a code name arises. One of the main candidates for the program is the Spacex starship, the rocket bigger and powerful ever built. In 2022, Spacex received A 102 million contract of dollars to provide flight data and technologies tests for the transport of load and humanitarian aid. However, to date, Starship tests They have been mixedwith multiple explosions during launch attempts. Despite this, the Pentagon has shown great interest in acquiring Spacex launching systems for sensitive and high -risk missions. General Philip Garrant, commander of the Space Systems Command, declared in November that the use of Starship for the Rocket Cargo program is One of the most logical optionsmainly due to its large load capacity and reusable design. Future perspectives and expansion. The approval of the environmental assessment next month could open the door in par, not only to evidence of Rocket Cargo Vaguardbut also to the total reactivation of Johnston Atoll as an landing center for other reusable space vehicles. In fact, we would say that it is almost insured if we take into account that there are practically no locations in the United States that can house rocket landing operations of this scale. No doubt, if the island ends up being approved, it could become A key strategic asset for the United States space force in the development of reusable spatial infrastructure. One, in addition, nothing trivial: a worldwide logistics and ultra -grape center to replenish artillery in records in the appearance of any modern conflict. Image | POT In Xataka | Satellite images leave no doubt: the US has restored the base of the Pacific that launched atomic bombardment over Japan In Xataka | The United States fears that China’s long -range missiles will reach Guam. So he just launched one himself

China prepares to lead the manufacture of chips for advanced weapons

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China monopolizes gallium production. In fact, Up to 2022 monopolized 98% of the world gross Gallic, and this figure presumably has barely varied since then. For the country led by Xi Jinping This metal has a strategic value comparable to the one for the US due to its potential in military applications. And, in addition, Gallium export control allows China to respond to the sanctions to which the US and their allies are subjecting this Asian country in the scope of the semiconductor industry. Gallium is a very special metal. Its physicochemical properties make it suitable to be combined with other metals with the purpose of manufacturing a special type of integrated circuits called broadband semiconductors. These chips have three properties that make them very valuable to intervene in the manufacture of Advanced military teams: They support voltages, temperatures and frequencies higher than integrated conventional silicon circuits. During the 70s the US Advanced Defense Research Projects (Darpa) He dedicated many resources to the development of semiconductors in which Gallium was involved due to the potential he had in military technology projects. He Gallium Arseniuro (GAAS) played a fundamental role in the development of the global positioning system (GPS), and also in Radark tuning and precision weapons. China has taken a very important step forward Currently, Gallium Nitruro (GAN), which also has Darpa’s backing, is being used to make state -of -the -art radars that are capable of accurately identifying smaller, fast and numerous objects at more distance. Each of these radars incorporates several thousand chips in which the gallium intervenes. Everything we have just seen invites us to reach an obvious conclusion: Gallium is an essential metal for the US. But this country is not the only military superpower on the planet. The Chinese army and research institutions have been working with Gaul for many years and developing technologies that allow you to use it Third generation advanced semiconductors. As we have seen, China has Gallium in abundance, but producing integrated circuits with this metal is not easy. Neither for the country led by Xi Jinping nor for which Donald Trump is currently governing. Modifying electrons energy levels, it is possible to accurately control climbing and reduce defects To manufacture gallium nitruro, silicon and sapphire substrates are often used, but the effectiveness of the processes used so far was moderate because the hexagonal atomic structure of the GAN causes the appearance of a defect known as climbing. In broad strokes this curious phenomenon triggers the displacement of groups of atoms in a certain region of the crystal, which affects its structure and reduces its properties. In fact, GAN manufacturing defects cause electric leaks, reduce their thermal stability and reduce the performance of semiconductors. Until now the researchers who work with GAN had difficulty understanding why these defects appear in the crystalline structure of this material. And also to deal with them. But the team of scientists led by Professor Huang Bing at the University of Beijing (China) has identified the cause which triggers the production of defects during the growth of the Gan Crystals. What these scientists have discovered is that modifying the energy levels of electrons it is possible to accurately control the climbing and reduce defects. “Traditional strategies to avoid defects include the use of different substrates and the adjustment of crystallization temperatures, but these approaches only address symptoms, not the cause,” Professor Huang Bing explained. If China manages to get this research from the laboratory and bring to production chains this technology will have the ability to manufacture cheapest GAN -GAN semiconductors, of more quality and a much larger scale. And at this juncture it will not be unreasonable to anticipate that it will be done with the leadership of the application of 3rd generation semiconductors in the military field and 5G technologies. Image | TSMC More information | SCMP In Xataka | This semiconductor is spectacular. So much so that for the MIT is its nº 1 candidate to replace the silicon

They were nuclear weapons experts

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The Government Efficiency Department (Doge) led by Elon Musk does not supply say goodbye to all officials That, according to the greatest fortune of the planet, there are plenty of administration. In his last intervention, the Doge agents They fired about 350 officials of the Department of Energy. What they did not know is that they were sending specialists at home nuclear eyelet assembly and control of weapons and nuclear waste. Nuclear layoffs. According to published CBS News, Doge employees thought that last Thursday they were saying employees in the test period or simple administrative department of the Department of Energy, without stopping to ask what their work really was. However, hundreds of federal employees who work in the United States nuclear weapons programs also received their dismissal notification. According to sources of The Associated Press Near to the Department of Energy, up to 350 employees of the National Nuclear Safety Administration (NNSA) were dismissed unexpectedly. Some of them lost access to their email before being formally notified or could not access their job with their credentials. The NSA is the entity responsible for managing the country’s nuclear weapons, among other crucial responsibilities. Specialists in nuclear eyelets. One of the facilities most affected by Doge’s layoffs was the Pantex plant, near Yellow (Texas), which suffered a 30% template cut without prior notice. In this plant, employees are dedicated to the reensamblage of nuclear eyelets, a high specialization task that requires the highest levels of security authorization. The agency’s interim director, Teresa Robbins, sent a statement to the dismissed employees annuling the dismissal order, has caused enormous confusion throughout the agency. However, 28 officials were not readmitted. “This letter serves as a formal notification that the termination decision issued on February 13, 2025 has been terminated, with an immediate effect,” said the memorandum obtained by AP. Dismiss first, then ask. Given the nature of these dismissals, the discretion used by the department led by Elon Musk, when saying goodbye to officials without previously analyzing the scope of their work, has been revealed. That action pattern carries the Elon Musk’s unequivocal seal. He did it With the Development Department of the Tesla Supercores, and then hire them again because the service had been paralyzed. He did the same With the Twitter moderation department Chaos in a strategic department. “The people of Doge arrive without having the slightest idea of ​​what are the responsibilities of these departments. They do not seem to realize that, in reality, it is more about the department of nuclear weapons than the department of energy,” said Daryl Kimball, Executive Director of the Arms Control Association. A senior NSA official, Rob Plonski, also expressed concern about dismissals in a LinkedIn publication: “This is a crucial moment. We must decide whether we are truly committed to leading on the world stage or if we content to undermine the same systems that ensure the future of our nation.” Plonski warned that “cutting the federal workforce responsible for these functions can be seen as reckless in the best and adversely opportunistic in the worst.” CONSEQUENCES FOR THE NUCTILE FORCE OF US. The layoffs and subsequent readmission of the employees of the Department of Energy have planted the seed of uncertainty among those officials, and some are rethinking whether to work back in the agency. “The main impact was a blow to the morals and trust of the employees who were dismissed,” assured to CNN A nearby source. Many of them have dedicated their entire career to nuclear programs, becoming a valuable asset of knowledge in this area. These layoffs have only come to aggravate the constant loss they had already suffered after a recent wave of retirement, which has already meant a loss of qualified talent in this department, just when the US is carrying out an important effort of Modernization of nuclear weapons of 750,000 million dollars. Edwin LymanDirector of Nuclear Energy Security of the Union of Concertned Scientists (UCS), explained to CBS News that layoffs could “alter the daily functioning of the agency and create a sense of instability about the nuclear program both in the US and abroad. That can only benefit the adversaries of this country.” In Xataka | A government “Extremely Hardcore”: Elon Musk is applying to the US the same recipe that has applied to all its companies Image | ThE White HouseUnited States Department of Defense

What countries have nuclear weapons and how many each one possesses, summarized in an eloquent graphic

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The final judgment clock was never closer of the end in its 78 years of history. Also known as ‘Watch of the end of the world’ or ‘Apocalypse clock’, it is a symbolic clock that indicates the danger of a nuclear war. The closer to midnight, the situation is worse, and it is something that has to do so much with global instability, geopolitical tensions and, obviously, Countries with Nuclear Arsenal. And in this graph we can see very clearly what are those countries that control more nuclear heads and, above all, which of them have nuclear armament deployed and ready to use. The photo. A few days ago we published a graph in which we could appreciate the evolution of nuclear arsenal over time. The figures were surprising, with more than 70,000 nuclear heads at the high point of the Cold War. After different disarmament policies, the main powers – United and Russian states – got rid of their arsenal, but not at all. In the upper chart elaborated By visual capitalist, we can appreciate who the powers are in nuclear arsenal (no surprise in this regard) and which country is accelerating. In addition, something very interesting is also how these nuclear heads are distributed. Ojivas disposition. When talking about nuclear arsenal, it tells as many units a country and their disposal. Thus, we can distinguish between: Ojivas deployed: They are installed in intercontinental missiles, heavy bombers bases or short -range operating systems. They are those that are deployed in case of emergency and these may be at strategic or non -strategic points in short -range bases or platforms. Ojivas in reserve: They are stored, but not mounted on a missile. Ojivas withdrawal: They are intact, but in the process of dismantling. Inventory. Although the graph leaves the imagination little, it is always more interesting to see the figures. Of the 12,121 nuclear heads estimated there are today, this is your disposition: Total Strategically deployed Not strategically deployed booking Withdrawal Russia 5,580 1,710 0 2,670 1,200 USA 5,044 1,670 100 1.938 1,336 China 500 24 0 476 0 France 290 280 0 10 0 United Kingdom 225 120 0 105 0 India 172 0 0 172 0 Pakistan 170 0 0 170 0 Israel 90 0 0 90 0 North Korea 50 0 0 50 0 China growth. In the end, Russia and the United States monopolize 88% of all world nuclear arsenal, but although we have countries such as the United Kingdom or France with a large number of heads deployed at strategic points, there is a new player who has already done with the third Put in Nuclear Arsenal. China It surprised the United States last year due to its rapid nuclear growth In recent years, overcoming expectations and with An arsenal between 500 and 600 heads. They have deployed only 24, with the rest in reserve, but the objectives of the Asian giant are clear: match the United States and Russia in the next 10 years. Cold War II. Although China, precisely, is promoting pacts not to attack first With nuclear arsenal, time plays against. In January last year, the Watch of the Final Judgment was alarmingly located only 90 seconds of midnight. This year, 78 seconds, marking the closest point in history. This fact, although it may seem symbolic, reflects an increasingly unstable international panorama. To this concern is added the imminent expiration of Start III treaty In 2026, a key agreement that has limited for years the amount of strategic weapons deployed by nuclear powers. The situation is aggravated if we consider Russia to He disconnected of this treaty in 2022, after the deterioration of its relations with the West Due to the conflict in Ukraineopening the door to a new arms race without clear restrictions. In Xataka | The US has found the recipe for China and Russia’s nuclear advance. It is called Project 25 and reintroduces a pump of the past: B83

Throughout the twentieth century, the US “lost” up to six planes loaded with nuclear weapons. Today they still do not appear

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A few years ago we told a story that, if not because it was completely true, could go through the script of a black comedy. It turns out that The United States lost at least three nuclear bombs during the Cold War. The Plot Twist was never located. The story, in reality, is much worse. The nation has been left along the way, which is known, up to six nuclear “bombs”, and that is also known, continue in the same place where they once lost. Six times, know. The figures are even higher if we observe the frame more widely. Throughout history, the United States Army has been responsible for At least 32 documented incidents of accidents with nuclear weaponsknown in military jargon Like Broken Arrow. These events may involve accidental launch or detonation, theft or even the loss of a nuclear pump. We are going to detail this last case for a simple reason: if they have been lost and not detonated, they can be a danger somewhere. These are six of the most shocking cases in which a nuclear bomb disappeared Without leaving a trace. The B-36 incident. The story takes place About the Pacific on February 13, 1950. In the context of a nuclear attack simulation against the Soviet Union, a BOMBARDERO B-36 destined for Texas from Alaska began experiencing failures in the engines in full flight. Since a safe landing was impossible, the crew was forced to get rid of the “load”, including in the equation its Mark 4 nuclear pump on some part of the Pacific Ocean. According to the army, the bomb did not contain plutonium in its nucleus, so it could not generate a nuclear explosion to use, although it did have uranium and TNT. Neither the pump nor its components were ever recovered. The mysterious case of B-47. The facts are given on The Mediterranean on March 10, 1956. A BUMBARERO B-47 STRATOJET He took off from the Macdill Air Force base in Florida in the direction of Morocco, transporting two nuclear capsules. What happened? That during its journey, the plane had to refue in flight over the Mediterranean Sea, but never reached the meeting point. The aircraft disappeared without leaving any traceand to date no evidence of his whereabouts has been found or, of course, of the nuclear load he transported. A lost bomb in the Savannah River. The third event occurred on February 5, 1958. During a simulated combat mission, a BOMBARDERO B-47 accidentally crashed with a F-86 huntingseriously damaged. What happened? Given the impossibility of landing safely, the crew decided what you are imagining: launch the Mark 15 of 3,400 kilograms at the mouth of the Savannah Rivernear the city of Savannah, Georgia. Although the aircraft managed to land without incident, the pump was never recovered and remains missing until today. The Goldsboro catastrophe. History now leads us to North Carolina on January 24, 1961. A BOMBARDERO B-52 that performed an alert mission suffered a structural failure in full flight and broke in the air. Again, on board he carried two nuclear bombs. One of them activated its emergency parachute and landed without detonating, however, the other crashed into the ground. Although the government claimed to have recovered most of the starry bomb, the truth is that It is still believed that parts of it remain buried in a culture area near the city. In 2012, North Carolina erected a commemorative sign at the accident site. Disappearance in the Pacific. The December 5, 1965. A combat plane A-4E Skyhawkequipped with a nuclear bomb, fell into the sea From the USS Ticonderoga aircraft carrier while operating in the Philippines sea, near Japan. The aircraft, the pilot and the weapon were never found. In this regard, in 1989 The United States admitted that the bomb was still at the bottom of the seaabout 128 kilometers from a small Japanese island, which generated outrage between the Japanese government and environmental groups. Classified information. The last of the events is the most diffuse of all and occurred in the spring of 1968, when the United States lost a nuclear weapon whose scope (and load) has never been specified. Although the pentagon has never revealed details, It is speculated that it could be related to the USS Scorpion nuclear submarinethe same as It disappeared in May of that year in the Atlantic along with a crew of 99 people. The connection between the disappearance of scorpion And a possible loss of nuclear weapons is still the subject of conjecture. That said, this and the rest of the incidents highlight the dangers associated with the management of nuclear weapons. If you want also, they show that, Throughout the Cold War And beyond, the United States has faced situations in which mass destruction bombs have been lost without being recovered. Image | Kelly Michals In Xataka | The United States lost at least three nuclear bombs during the Cold War. And they have never been located In Xataka | An unprecedented nuclear arms career has begun: one in which the US, Russia … and also China participate

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