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A man stayed a 20 -euro bizum sent by mistake. The judge has fined her and has come out ten times more expensive

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With 28 million active users, Bizum is the most used system in Spain for payments among users. We send and receive a lot of money through Bizum and make an mistake when typeing the number we want to send money is something that can happen with relative ease. If we are lucky, they may return it to us, but what happens if who is on the other side decides to stay the money? Now we know. Staying a bizum sent by mistake is very expensive. As we said, making a mistake to type the number to which we want to send a bizum can be quite easy and it is just what happened to a neighbor of Benavente, as they say in Zamora’s opinion. The person who received the 20 euros did not return the amount and the woman decided to denounce him to the authorities. The Provincial Court of Zamora has proved him right and has condemned the receiver of the transfer to return the 20 euros, in addition to paying the judicial coasts and a fine of 180 euros for a slight crime of improper appropriation. More than ten times the original amount. The Civil Code says. The denounced has resorted to the sentence alleging lack of evidence and presumption of innocence, but the judge has confirmed it and considers that the woman had not consented to the transfer. This would apply not only to Bizum, but to transfers and any other payment received by error. He Article 1895 of the Civil Code It is clear, it must always be returned: When something that was not entitled to collect is received, and that by mistake it has been improperly delivered, the obligation to restore it arises. There is jurisprudence. There have been more cases that have reached the courts for transfers made by error, such as this one of an Alicante businessman who faces Three years in jail for not returning a payment of 341,000 That was done by mistake. EITHER This 2015 sentence who condemned a woman for staying with 25,900 euros of the pension plan of her ex -husband, the result of an error of the bank when rescuing the money. Bizum in figures. Bizum It has become the standard of immediate payments in Spain. Arrived in 2016 as part of an initiative among various banking entities, although it was not until 2018 when It extended and began to grow. It currently has 28 million users and it is expected to reach 30 throughout the year. In 2024 an average of 3 million operations were made per day. The record was the past Black Friday (November 29, 2024), with 4.8 million operations. Or what is the same: 55 bizums per second. In total, in 2024 1,093 million operations were made worth 44,206 million euros. We do not know the number of erroneous operations when sending money, but with these numbers it is logical that they are increasing. Bizum grows, legal doubts too. In parallel to this growth, unknowns have also been increasing from the legal and legal point of view. Many users wonder What income or payments should be declared to the Treasury. We know that it is not necessary to declare payments between friends and family, although the freelancers who use it to collect, the income that generate economic profitability as rentals or if the total amount adds more than 10,000 euros per year should do. Doubts have also emerged about whether something that has eliminated the Threshold of 3,000 euros in the control of transfers by the Treasury. In this case, if high amounts are received through Bizum, the Treasury may investigate it, just as they would do if it were a transfer or a metallic income. Little by little, light is shed and it is clear that, at the legal level, Bizum is one more method to move money and apply the same rules as any type of income In Xataka | Timo of the false bizum by mistake: how it works and how to avoid this scam

Ukraine has found the solution to produce three times more weapons than you can buy: the Danish model

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It was known that Ukraine had raised a drone industry in front of the Lack of help. What was no longer known was that, since Russia launched its large -scale invasion in 2022, the Ukrainian defense industry had experienced a Explosive growthmultiplying its productive capacity by 35, from 1,000 million to 35,000 million dollars in annual potential. The problem was that, that the “potential” had no exit due to lack of financing. Until now. Lack of funds. As we said, this immense development Not only has it covered large companies, but also small workshops that operate even from particular garages, adapting to the needs of the battlefield. However, and despite this growing capacity, the country is limited by the Lack of financing: The state budget only allows to hire about 11,500 million in weapons, which leaves more than two thirds of the idle industrial potential. In fact, companies in the sector and senior officials They coincide in Insider in which, if there were the necessary funds, Ukraine could triple your production Armamentistic, thus reinforcing its resistance and reducing its dependence on foreign suppliers. Now they think they have found the solution in Denmark. The Danish model. To solve this paradox, the Ukrainian industry has proposed a small -scale solution: the call “Danish model”. This formula, applied by Denmark since 2023, allows allied countries Buy directly Weapons produced in Ukraine, instead of sending them from their own arsenals or acquiring them to Western suppliers. This way not only Reduce costs and accelerates the delivery of material, but also guarantees that the soldiers receive exactly What they needmanufactured according to its tactical demands and with an optimized logistics. Several countries have already added to this approachand others, like Germany, work in own adaptations. Thanks to this formula, Ukraine has been able to increase the production of key systems such as Bohdana self -propelled obúsand already has a list of weapons (including artillery and armored vehicles) ready to manufacture if more funds are channeled under the scheme. Collaboration and alternatives. Although the Danish model represents the road faster and fasterIt is not the only one. Serhiy Goncharov, president of the National Association of Defense Industries of Ukraine, and other leaders of the sector have also raised more complex models, based on co -production and the co -production and the Financing of Ukrainian weapons which include European components. This formula, although slower, could be attractive to a European industry that is also expanding its capacity Before the fear of A Russian expansion In the continent. In addition, the use of frozen Russian assets as a source of financing and the establishment of industrial alliances for technological transfers is considered. So much, Goncharov warns That many Western partners still do not expand their defensive capacity with the urgency that the situation requires, and that Ukraine, therefore, has no choice but to continue growing on its own to meet their own needs. Strategic opportunity Collaboration with Ukraine not only represents a way of supporting his defense in the short term, but a strategic opportunity For allied countries. The Ukrainian arms industry, born and adapted in the midst of the conflict, accumulates a direct experience in combat that is invaluable for any military power. Let’s think that your constant contact with the front allows you to adjust the design and performance of weapons based on the real conditions of the battlefield, something that many Western industries cannot replicate with the same speed. In that sense, associating with Ukraine offers Europe and other regions a double advantage: strengthening an essential supply line for Kyiv and learning from a military ecosystem that has proven extraordinarily Resilient, innovative and effective under pressure. As Goncharov concludes“We do not choose to be at war, but that is our reality,” and within it, the production capacity is ready. Image | Ministry of Defense In Xataka | We suspected that Ukraine drones attack had been destructive. Space images have revealed how much In Xataka | A technology 20 years ago took Ukraine to the Russian bombers. Moscow’s response comes from China: a laser cannon

In his escape from tariffs, Google wants to move its production to India, according to The Economic Times

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Alphabet Inc is in conversations with Dixon Technologies and Foxconn (two of its main suppliers) to move part of its global smartphones production to India from Vietnam. According to, The Economic Times. The movement responds to the tariff crisis in the United States, after the imposition of global tariffs and the uncertainty of what will end up happening in countries such as Vietnam, which in the first instance were under a tariff of more than 40%. THE HOUSE OF THE PIXEL. The Google Pixel They are technically American mobile but their manufacture, Like the rest of the big playersIt is out of the United States. Pixel are manufactured mainly in China and Vietnam, two of the countries most punished by Trump’s tariffs. Fleeing from China. Time before the package of measures to fight commercially with China, Google had been trying to get the production of its devices out of China. Almost three years ago we had news about a specific movement: Google was moving the production of the Pixel 7 to Vietnamkeeping in China that of fold models, the most expensive to produce. A movement similar to Samsung’scompany that produces mainly in Vietnam and that has barely a presence in China. If a 10%global tariff is maintained, the supply chain would not suffer too much. If it turned to more than 40% initial, the photograph would change completely. Looking at India. It is not the first time that Google manufactures phones in India through its partners. Initially, the company moved part of the production to this emerging country to supply the local market, and now it would be in conversations with Dixon Technologies and Foxconn not only to produce more phones, but for the production of components. Cases, loaders, fingerprint sensors and batteries, are some of the components that Google wants to stop importing to be able to manufacture them locally in India. In the first tariff ads, India would correspond to a 26%tariff. Times and costs. According to Economic Times, Dixon and Foxconn have been manufacturing between 43,000 and 45,000 Pixel smartphones per month in India exclusively for local market, seeking to make their smartphones could be competitive in price against Apple and Samsung. Dixon is responsible for producing between 65 and 70% of the new Pixel, and Foxconn of previous models. This movement to increase production in India would have a horizon of two to three years, a much shorter term than Google had planned in a pre-aroncel scenario. Currently, Google has almost 14% market share in the United States, so maintaining a competitive price to continue having muscle in its local market is key. They are not alone. The Google movement responds to a practice that the smartphone industry has been executing for years. Apple, who has tried in recent years move part of its production to India, It has not arrived on time, and its supply chain continues to depend mainly on China. Samsung dodged the bullet fleeing to Vietnam, and even the great chips manufacturers have been considering to escape from China to avoid geopolitical instabilities. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Google Pixel 9 Pro XL, Analysis: A great candidate for Best Android of the Year … with a big pending matter

In times of fall in stock market, a luxury investment has become a “shelter”: bags

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In times of financial uncertainty, generalized falls In stock markets around the world and the dollar losing credibility as a reference currency, investors seek refuge values ​​to protect their assets. The gold It used to be the safeguard In times of crisis, but a new trend has gained strength in recent years: the Investment in luxury articlesespecially exclusive bags such as Hermès Birkin. Get out of the bag to get into the bag. The attractiveness of these high -end bags signed by Hermes, Louis Vuitton Or Chanel not only resides in its exclusivity and status, but also surprise by their profitability. While actions and gold experience ups and downs, Birkin bags have demonstrated a constant revaluation of their value in the second -hand market. During periods of financial volatilityluxury bags, and in particular Hermès Birkin, has positioned itself as an asset of investment at levels of artthe high -end watches or the Classic luxury cars. According to the report of Art Market Researchin the last two decades, luxury bags have gone from being an accessory to what is now “the only category of collecting women centered.” Scarcity marketing. This investment model is sustained thanks to something as basic as the law of supply and demand. Hermès, like most luxury brands, applies a deliberate scarcity strategy with a very limited production of their pieces in which, curiously, It is the brand who chooses What products sell to your customers. The high demand for these articles causes waiting lists among their clients that can reach six years. The perception of exclusivity increases the desire for the product, which causes automatically revalue in the second -hand market when leaving the store. This is a phenomenon quite common In markets. For example, we live it after launch of the Sony PS5when these consoles arrived with counts to stores and doubled their price in the second -hand market or, at another level, with The Purosangue Ferrari. More Birkin, less gold. The Birkin de Hermès, is considered one of the best investments in the world of luxury, even surpassing traditional assets such as art or gold in terms of profitability and stability. A 2020 study Prepared by Credit Suisse and Deloitte, he revealed that the value of the Birkin increased 38% on average that year, far exceeding the performance of the S&P 500, which grew 16.3% in the same period. A study Baghunter compared the value of Hermès’ bags with respect to the S&P 500 and gold since 1995. The results showed that the financial behavior of the Birkin was much more stable and profitable than the stock market index and the value of gold, with a less volatile market and greater interannual returns. While the S&P 500 offered an average annual return of 8.65%and gold just 1.9%, the Birkin registered an average annual increase of 14.2%. A second -hand birkin: from 9,000 to $ 200,000. As with the market of the Collection luxury watchesthe high demand for certain editions of Birkin has generated spectacular revaluation. A Birkin de Hermès costs between $ 9,000 and $ 12,000, but can reach prices of up to $ 200,000 In auctions or specialized platformsdepending on its rarity, state and materials. In 2015, a pink crocodile skin birkin was sold by a record of $ 223,000, consolidating the reputation of these bags as high performance investments. The most expensive birkin ever auctioned was a Birkin 30 Himalayas with diamonds, than It reached a price of $ 450,000 in 2014. The Chinese offensive: the true value of the Birkin. In a context of commercial warfare like the current one, the boom of the Birkin as an investment has not been exempt from controversy. After the imposition of tariffs by the Trump administration, Chinese influencers networks They have started a campaign To demystify the value of these bags. During the last days, Tiktok and X They have filled with videos of these Chinese influencers directing directly to the customers of these brands by analyzing the manufacturing costs in China. The message indicates the manufacturing price of a Birkin of Hermès around $ 1,400, while luxury brands sell their bags for a price up to ten times higher than its real cost, feeding the perception that there is a speculative bubble around these luxury items. In Xataka | A rare 900,000 clock has marked the end of moderation in goal: Mark Zuckerberg and his fondness for expensive watches In Xataka | Nicolas Puech: Hermès’s Swiss Millionaire who wants to leave a gardener with Spanish ties as the only heir Image | Hermes

In 2025 the plug -in hybrids will contaminate three times more. It is not magic, it is the change of homologation that attacks manufacturers

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How much does a plug -in hybrid consume? It is almost impossible to be clear. It is a technology that depends so much on the use that is given to make any type of estimate involves falling into an error. So far we have seen plug -in hybrids that approve consumption between one and two liters per 100 kilometers. How realistic is this? It depends, as we said, How we use the car. If you are one of those who get the most out of this data on the car computer. The problem is that, according to the data they handle in the European Union, few drivers do this Ideal use of a hybrid car. This causes the estimated real consumption of these cars to be much higher than reflected in the technical chips. To solve it, the European Union completely changes the homologation cycle, which raises the consumption and has a direct impact on the broadcast portfolio that each company will have to present in 2027. The headache of plug -in hybrids As we said, the European Union is not believed by the homologations that have been made so far with plug -in hybrids. Not because they considered that they did not reflect a realistic figure, rather the problem is that they did not reflect the real use that has been extended. If you are a user who makes Between 50 and 100 kilometers a day For an urban environment and/or its vicinity, a plug -in hybrid can be a perfect car if you have to load it every night. With a consumption of 20 kWh/100 kilometers in electric mode, we can expect a cost of two euros or less daily. Prioritizing battery use most of the time, gasoline spending should be ridiculous. However, the European Commission believes that these types of cars are not always used in the most efficient way. In a report published in 2024 They collected that the realistic mean of consumption of a plug -in hybrid in Europe is 5.94 l/100 km of fuel (5.97 l/100 km between the plug -in hybrids of gasoline, the most common) for the type of driving that is made. And they highlighted another very important point. CO2 emissions are 139.4 gr/km of CO2, instead of 39.6 gr/km of CO2 approved on average. Therefore, as of this year other cycles are beginning to make during the homologation of new cars. Until nowa plug -in hybrid was subjected to constant cycles in which the speed was increasing to exhaust its battery. After its electric warehouse, one last cycle was made only with the Combustion engine. It was a way to simulate the most efficient conditions of use of a PHEV: throw to the extent of the possible electric motor until the battery is exhausted. But since January 1, 2025 it is applied EURO 6E BIS. This new way of measuring plug -in hybrids is mandatory for all homologated cars until December 31, 2026. From there, all cars sold by manufacturers as new will have to undergo this new test. With this new protocol, the conditions are harder. The test will be extended up to 2,200 kilometers and the test will run over time with the empty battery. Temperature conditions will be more extreme. And when EURO 6E BIS-FCM enters into force, cars will face worse circumstances with tests that will extend up to 4,260 kilometers. What happens is that in many countries Aids have been delivered to purchase of a plug -in hybrid, thinking that their owners would make a more efficient use of them. However, In Switzerland they already took their aid In 2022 because they considered that with the use that they were giving them contaminated as much as a diesel and They were taking advantage of advantages of cleaner vehicles. All this has direct consequences for the coming years on emissions. The maximum allowed limit for each brand is 93.6 gr/km of CO2 on average in 2027. For the calculation the Weight of the emissions registered in 2025, 2026 and 2027. The brand that exceeds will have to pay 95 euros for each gram overcome and car sold. That is, if you have sold one million cars and record 94.6 gr/km of CO2 on average, the fine will be 95 million euros. Having until the end of 2026 with plug -in hybrids that barely approve just over 30 gr/km of CO2 is an advantage for manufacturers that can prioritize their sales if their electric cars are not working quite well. Keep in mind that these data allow up to three plug -in hybrid cars by a gasoline without exceeding the maximum allowed barrier. The problem will come with the new models that are coming to the market and, above all, from 2027 that manufacturers must withdraw these markets from the market or assume that the same vehicle will now reflect a volume of emissions that can be between three and four times higher. That is, they will be able to use the “trick” of the plug -in hybrid but will not add so favorably as until now. Photo | Byd In Xataka | Catl wants to convert plug -in hybrids into true electric cars with its last battery: 400 kilometers of autonomy

The O1-PRO model of Chatgpt Pro is 140 times more expensive than the Chatgpt O3-mini. What is not clear is that it is much better

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Paying $ 20 per month for accessing Chatgpt Plus did not seem too serious. The thing began to get interesting when Openai launched its chatgpt pro subscription at 200 dollars a month. But now there is an even more expensive version of these models, and this again shows that we are at the beginning of a worrying slope: that of AI prices. What happened. OpenAI He has just announced That O1-Pro, the most powerful version of its reasoning model, is now available through its API. Until now it was only possible to enjoy it in a limited way through the subscription to Chatgpt Pro, but now the developers can also create services with it. The striking is not really that the company offers this version, but the price at which it is available. 140 times more expensive than O3-mini. As we said, O1-Pro is only limited to Chatgpt Pro users. If someone wants to use it intensively through the API, prices They are really high: O3-mini O1 O1-PRO Price for 1m tokens input (dollars) 1.10 15 150 Price for 1m tokens output (dollars) 4.40 60 600 As can be seen, O1-Pro is 10 times more expensive than O1, and about 135 times more expensive than O3-mini, which is the version of the reasoning model that for example we can use (limitedly) in the free version of Chatgpt. Gold Price Tokens. That cost imposes an important barrier for those who want to use this AI model for projects in which we introduce a lot of text and want to obtain a lot of text. For example, if we want to analyze a lot of documents and We saturate The input context window (200,000 tokens) and the output (100,000 tokens), we will have a cost of $ 90 … for a single question and an answer (an API request). But is it really so good? Preliminary O1-Pro impressions in Chatgpt Pro They were not especially striking according to whom They have tried italso They have protested for one falling quality. According to Openai O1-PRO, it offers “responses that are better consistently”, and highlight that it is an O1 version that uses more calculation power to “think more and offer even better responses to the most complex problems.” For asking not to be. IA companies are losing a money training their models, but they hope to recover it with a simple technique: increasingly faces. Data leaked in The Information also pointed out how Openai were already raising how an AI agent could replace a “human doctorate” to investigate, the cost would be $ 20,000 per month. They seem faces, but maybe they don’t. Of course, the price of these subscriptions and these accesses to the API may seem expensive, but they can also be a true bargain. What matters here is the profitability that we can get out of these models of AI: if they help us generate many more income, we will end up having “robotic employees” who work 24 hours a day, seven days a week and also do so with a productivity and quality of theoretically extraordinary work. But of course, we will first have to use them like this … and ensure that these results are effectively valid, something that for now does not seem so clear. In Xataka | AI agents are promising. But as in Tesla’s FSD, you better not take your hands from the steering wheel

Amazon was about to buy the noise company for 1.4 billion dollars. Today is worth seven times less

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People don’t say they have vacuum robots. He says he has Robs. It is something special for a company that users replace the common name by their own name. The metonymic designation – kleenex by paper handker Robs They have certainly succeeded. Despite this, the company that creates them is going through a very complicated moment. Irobot, in trouble. The firm that designs and manufactures Roomba vacuum robots recently presented Your financial resultsand he did it with a pessimistic tone. Those responsible warned that they have “substantial doubts” that they can follow operations. Less income. In the results of the last quarter of 2024, he especially highlighted the 44% drop in income compared to the same period of the previous year. According to those responsible for the company, one of the reasons were “the competitive challenges facing the company.” Complex options. In fact, they explained that they have begun to analyze in detail their possible strategic movements to get out of this situation. One of them is refinancing their debt. The other, find a buyer, indicate In Bloomberg. Amazon already raised Irobot. Curiously, the company that manufactures these devices could be acquired by Amazon in the past. The company now led by Andy Jassy Theoretically came to buy itbut the European Union threatened Block the agreement And Amazon ended up backing down, with which this process never closed. A shadow of what it was. When Amazon was going to acquire Irobot, the assessment of the Roomba was 1.4 billion dollars. Its current market value is only 200 million dollars, seven times less. Pending debt. The investment firm Carlyle Group INC provided Irobot a loan of 200 million dollars in 2023. At that time the accounts did not have left, and that money allowed Irobot to have some liquidity while the acquisition of Amazon was managed. Not closing the operation, Carlyle can now collect terrible interests for Irobot: 9%. Too much competition. Roomba vacuums are still very well valued, but in recent years the competition has shown not wanting to be left behind. Robot vacuum cleaners has been rapidly used by other brands that have managed to equate in benefits, and in Irobot that brutal competition has noticed much. In Xataka | Better vacuum robots in quality price: which to buy based on the use and five recommended models

Years pass and television continues to mark the times to Netflix. Montoya’s “signing” is the best example

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The success of the latest edition of ‘The island of temptations’ is difficult to quantify. Already Not only is it figuresfigures that have achieved tame the two great current titans of the AccessBroncano and Motos: The impact between the public has gone much further, turning Montoya into a international scope meme and that transcends languages. The last to surrender: Netflix. Montoya, please. In these same terms the Netflix original and officers In social networks to promote ‘Temptation Island’, a reality which has eight seasons and that will arrive on March 12 to Netflix, after passing through US chains such as Fox and use Network. To promote it, Montoya has launched all its ICT repertoire: shout “no, please”, run from one place to another and kneel with arms to heaven. A very brief video of just thirty seconds but that records the international scope of the Montoya phenomenon. Montoya, the man announced. Montoya has not stopped since the phenomenon exploded in networks. In recent weeks has already participated in nine adsin almost all using their best -known colets and attitudes. Interestingly, it has not only announced trademarks such as the King’s League or Burger King, but also organizations that do not usually interest television characters, such as FP courses or waste recycling. In the height of the Stunts advertising promoted a brand of sweets Just before jumping to the sea at the Gala last Sunday of ‘Survivors’. It is not exhausted. Precisely, the presence of Montoya in ‘Survivors’ is what has made the broadcast of this last Sunday the best premiere of the program in Share Since 2020, reaching a spectacular 19.6% and leading the night strip without problems. 1,683,000 spectators followed the arrival of Montoya to the island, one more evidence that, despite the overexposure and the multiple advertising appearances of Montoya, the phenomenon has not yet been burned. The Talisman of Telecinco. Beyond the anecdote of the announcement, it is clear that Montoya has become a magnet for audiences to such an extent that Telecinco has managed to get Netflix following its wake, and not the other way around, as usual. It is not just the overwhelming personality of the Andalusian, it is also the proof that traditional linear television, so often out of conversation In social networks and tastes of the youngest viewerskeep marking the pace when it manages to house a phenomenon as powerful and international as Montoya. Reality fever. We have commented on occasion that Telecinco, after unsuccessful attempts to emerge with different formats (the failure of the Latin programof ‘Whoever falls fallsor the talent ‘Factor X’ and ‘Next Level Chef’ will mark its grill for years), it has become a producing machine realities. They have happened in their programming, without rest, ‘Big Brother Dúo’, ‘The island of temptations’ and, now, ‘Survivors’. A policy that, again, has taken good Netflix note, since it is easy to find on its grill realities of spicy tone as ‘false love’, ‘playing with fire’ or ‘love with bail’. Montoya’s shadow is being more elongated than we expected. The traditional TV rules. As much as For years An unstoppable decline of traditional TV is being perceived in front of the streamingin many ways that continues to mark rhythms and trends. Let’s not forget that, for example, one of the greatest success of prime video in Spain throughout its history is’Operation Triunfo‘, clone of the legendary talent of the linear TV. Or that, do what the platforms do with their luxurious original releases, the most seen in streaming They are still linear classics as ‘Gray’ Anatomy, ‘Family’ or ‘Law and Order’. The success of ‘the one that is coming’ in Prime Videoeven above Telecinco, it is still the proof that the situation is far from being able to define itself with blacks and blacks, with victorious and defeated. Header | Mediaset – Netflix In Xataka | Ana Rosa’s return in the morning is a rearma

On their way to mass implementation, Perovskita cells have taken another step: 10 times more resistant

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Perovskita’s solar cells are known for their lightness, managing to develop Ultrafin panels with different applications, such as The candle of a ship. However, the stability of this type of cell meant a challenge for its commercial viability. Now, a group of researchers has managed to extend the useful life of a Perovskita solar cell. Short. Scientists from the University of Surrey They have developed Perovskita solar cells that, by incorporating aluminum oxide nanoparticles, improve both durability and efficiency. Thanks to this finding, cells will be more resistant for large -scale application. The problem to be solved. Here you have to make an important comparison, because the solar cells of the study are of Perovskita that are more efficient and economical than those of silicon, so it has been one of the main objectives of the researchers for their commercial implementation. However, the main challenge was that cells They suffered iodine leakscausing the structure to react chemically reducing its performance. In addition, factors such as humidity, heat and oxygen accelerate this process. The investigation. Surrey’s team, together with the United Kingdom physics laboratory and Sheffield University, He has discovered that when integrating aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃) within the Perovskita layer, iodine can be trapped and prevent it from escaping. This simple but effective approach drastically improves the structural integrity of Perovskita’s solar cells, making them more resistant to weather conditions. The results. Solar cells containing nanoparticles maintained high performance for more than two months (1,530 hours), compared to just 160 hours of Standard Perovskita cells. In this way, the investigation has achieved an increase in the durability of ten times more. The incorporation of these nanoparticles has helped create a more uniform Perovskita structure, which has reduced the defects of the material such as moisture and has improved electrical conductivity. Iodine is not always bad. Unlike this study, iodine can be the result of a solution if the right approach is sought. A study group from the University of Beijing has achieved Integrate iodine into a Perovskita structure. In this approach it has stabilized the material and has avoided the degradation that has historically limited its durability. A great future. In 2009, Perovskita’s solar cells only converted 3% of solar energy into electricity, wasting the remaining 97%. However, Thanks to recent advancesits efficiency has exceeded 25%, increasingly bringing them closer to generalized commercial adoption. This progress highlights the great potential of technology, and with more studies, it is expected to continue increasing, approaching even higher figures and opening new opportunities for solar energy. Image | Pexels and University of Surrey Xataka | How a new study has achieved cheaper Perovskita solar panels and more efficiently by capturing light on both sides

Tokyo has four times more population than Madrid and traffic jams are non -existent. The secret is called Shako Shomeishho

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Spain has an extension of 506,030 square kilometers And they live 48.35 million people. Japan has an area of 377,974 square kilometers where 124.5 million people live. In the city of Madrid it is calculated that they live 3.23 million peoplewhile in Tokyo a total of 14.22 million people. The difference is even more striking if we take into account population density. In Madrid they live 5,265.91 hab./km², while Tokyo rises to 6. 501.58 hab./km². Which of the two cities is hell to drive? If you throw one eye to photographs of Japanese citiesyou will have realized that there are a lot, many people walking and in public transport. But how many cars do you see on the street? The answer is simple: very few. If we attend to the 2020 dataSpain had in use 29,875,896 million cars, while in Japan 76,702,773 cars were counted. How can it be that a country with a much lower surface and that walks to triple our population Don’t be a car hell If you have a car density per person very similar to ours (629 cars/1,000 inhabitants for Spain for the 609 cars/1000 inhabitants for Japan)? They have achieved, of course, limiting to the force the number of cars that can be possessed in the big cities where, by logic, a greater number of cars should accumulate. As? The secret is Shako Shomeishho Although the density of car per inhabitant is very similar to the Spanish, the truth is that it collapses if we focus on large cities. In Japan it is estimated that each home has 1.06 cars of the total. That figure collapses to the 0.32 vehicles per household In Tokyo. The great Japanese city is, in fact, the rich city where the car is used. According to Deloitteonly 12% of the daily journeys in Tokyo are carried out by car, while 17% are bicycle. Figures that are not understood without two express prohibitions: that of parking on the street and buying a car … without space to park it. And a little luck. Andre Sorensen, professor of urban planning at the University of Toronto, says that part of Tokyo’s success to get this low vehicle density begins by a chance. At the beginning of the 20th centuryjust 15% of the Japanese lived in cities. That figure is now 91%. Tokyo (above) and Rotterdam (below) two examples of cities rebuilt after World War II. Source: Google Maps The explosion came with the end of World War II. The cities were razed and the growth in Tokyo was so chaotic that the buildings began to grow without control, some glued to others. You can compare with Google Maps photographs how Tokyo grew, completely uncontrolled with countless tiny plots, and how Rotterdam grew, with a planning studied to combine green areas in residential areas. Sorensen explains that this population explosion caused the flowering of narrow streets that hindered the passage and storage of the vehicles themselves. The wave of workers to the cities forced the institutions They will turn off with public transport And in 1957 the first measure was taken to regulate the use of the car in cities. And, with rebound, a good reason to discourage its use. Since then a law is applied that prevents the car on the street. What is usual in any European city, in Japan it is strictly prohibited. The fine is also no nonsense. They apply sanctions of up to 200,000 yen for leaving the car irregularly parked what is a fine of more than 1,200 euros. Just a few years later, in 1962 the Shako Shomeishho. This name refers to the certificate that the buyer of a car has to present when acquiring the vehicle. With him it is guaranteed that this person has a place to park the car. That is, it has a parking space to park the car every night. If you don’t have a garage, you will be forbidden to buy a car. The Kei Cars, like this Daihatsu Copen, do not need to have a parking certificate except in Tokyo and Osaka This Shako Shomeisho does not apply to Kei Carsthe small Japanese cars that measure less than 3.4 meters in length, 1.48 meters wide and 2.0 meters high and with motors of less than 660 cc that cannot exceed the 64 hp of power. Of course, in the larger cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, the obligation to have the garage certificate to get a vehicle is also applied. The Shako Shomeishho has triggered the price of the land of parking lots. In fact, the expensive thing is not to buy a car, the expensive thing is to get the possibility of buying a car. Is Something similar to what happens in Singapore With a subtle difference: there are spaces available to park cars in Tokyo that are sold for more than one million euros and in the ads themselves the yield that can be taken out allowing the rental of vehicles per hour is reflected. And you have to keep in mind that Not all parking lots are valid. The garage to save the car must be less than two kilometers from the usual residence and to get the certificate, it must be able to corroborate this with plans or even require the entry and exit measures of the garage. If the car is too large, the buyer can have problems for the authorities to approve the certificate and have nowhere to park … or rent it. The solution can go through rent the garages But there are neighborhoods where monthly rentals can easily go above 500 euros (about 77,000 yen). In some very specific places in the most expensive neighborhoods, the spaces They are quoted with rents above 700 euros (110,000 yen). How could it be otherwise, the houses for sale are offered with triggered prices when the “central” combiance and “parking space” shake hands. With offers that exceed 3.5 million euros (550 million yen) … Read more

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