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The Pentagon has shared for the first time a photo taken with its secret spacecraft. The most striking is your orbit

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The Pentagon has broken by surprise the hermeticism around to the X-37b space plane of the US space force. For the first time we have seen an image taken from the secret ship, which Fly for years No crew. The photo. Maybe what has done irresistible Publish this image Be the captivating views of the Earth that enjoys the aircraft. The photo was taken near the highest point (the peak) of the elliptical trajectory in which A Falcon Heavy rocket from Spacex He launched the X-37B space plane. And it is an amazingly high and elliptical orbit (185 x 35,188 kilometers, according to the Marco Langbroek researcher) which explains why they needed all the Power of a Heavy Falcon To launch it. The context. X-37B is a small robotic ship operated by the American Air Force and Space Force that was last launched in the late 2023. It is designed to test new exploration and space defense technologies, so its missions are largely secret. The current mission is the seventh and focuses on experimenting with “highly elliptical orbits” and “aerofrenado maneuvers” capable of repositioning the ship with a minimum amount of fuel, something that the United States considers vital in a scenario of growing spatial competition, especially by Chinawhich has its own secret space plane. Why this photo is striking. It is not the first time that we see the earth to tens of thousands of kilometers, but so far, the mission of X-37b had taken in an almost absolute silence. This is the first time we see a snapshot captured by the vehicle itself while still in space. Of course, the image is not recent. It was taken on January 30, 2024, according to JPEG’s metadata, a date that The most skeptics verified Comparing the pattern of clouds on planet Earth with the clouds that meteorological satellites recorded that day. What is X-37b for. In addition to demonstrating aerobraking (taking advantage of atmospheric braking to change orbit), X-37B has performed tests with plant seeds to study the effects of radiation on plant growth and has deployed small useful loads to recover them later, which Open the door to potential satellite surveillance or repair applications. This ability to interact with small satellites It is also suspected of the Chinese unmanned ship, Shenlong. Both China and the United States study the deployment and recovery of satellites in these prolonged missions to be able to take advantage of them in the future. In Xataka | China flew Europe with its secret space plane. An Austrian fan managed to photograph him

People are using AI on Tiktok to “travel in time” to some of the greatest catastrophes in history

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Fever for the past (not because of history in its purest form, but for the sensations that were lived in other times) is increasingly strong, and now that the Millennials They are starting to experiment What gene x has been suffering in their flesh for years (nostalgia for what has been lived and not lived since you get up until you go to bed), it was only a matter of time that tools such as AI were added to fashion. Only this time nostalgia leads us to moments when technology (not already AI, but directly the electric current) had not invented, and gives rise to Trends how to live in the first person the black plague. What happened, happened. Dawn in Pompeya The day of the eruption of Vesubio, Work in Chernobyl In 1986 or be one of the witchcraft In the 17th century Salem are some of the historical hits of the videos generated by @timetravellerpovTiktok user who already has 472,000 followers and eight million ‘like’ accumulated in their creations, despite the short life of the account, which began at the beginning of the year. Of course, he already takes advantage of his fame to announce Video creation courses for AI similar to yours. The other face of the story. The most curious thing about the account is that not only publishes videos of historical facts that we cannot have lived for obvious reasons, but much more everyday experiences and that have nothing of historical transcendence (although emotional): being A teenager from the eightiesa small child In Great Britain of the Two Miles Or the most curious of all, for the recent facts: recall in the first person (like all these videos) what was Covid confinementwhich undoubtedly any user of the account will have recent. Millions of people in misfortunes. Of course, these are not the most visited videos, but the very viralized Chernobyl and The black plaguewith 32 and 24 million reproductions, which far exceed the most common between 1 and 3 million of the rest of the channel videos. It is clear that users want to experience unattainable misfortunes of the near or remote past, almost in tourist planand they begin to demonstrate with the comments of the videos, which usually have a tone close to “calm, which was a moment running for my life in Pompeii.” The problem of historical fidelity. It is clear that the primary objective of these accounts is entertainment, and not reflect in a reliable way what the past was. Some historian has already pointed out some gazapos of these videos (especially in their imitators): in one of the many on the black plague, houses with architecture other than the real or train tracks appear, something impossible in the fourteenth century. Others such as Pompeya favor the spectacular when we have records that speak of a different experience. The danger of these videos, beyond that they can spread erroneous visions, is in the malicious use: “People could manipulate the story; (…) and create a video that supports the denialists of the Holocaust,” says historian Amy Boyington For BBC. Imitors sprout. Of course, success has been born a good number of imitators, all more rough and less careful than @timetravellerpov, which despite its factual mistakes has more careful animations and more realistic setting, and flees (relatively) from the morbidity. They are accounts like @Chron0.viewwho has dared to portray crazy things such as Kennedy’s murder from the president’s point of view or 11-S attacks from within the Twin Towers. Some, like @the_pov_lab It exceeds the original account and almost all, of course, have their own version of life during the black plague. Header | @timetravellerpov In Xataka | The Humane Ai Pin debacle is a problem for the industry: who will trust a pot now

There was a time when poop moved the economy of half the world. His name was Guano and taught Peru a valuable lesson

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Throughout history, humanity has interested in different resources. Maybe the Gold fever It is the best example to see how the obsession with a specific one unleashes the madness in those who seek to make it its main source of income, arramping with everything they find without thinking that it can be bread for today, and hunger for tomorrow. With the case of gold it is logical, but … Did you know that something very similar happened with excrements of sea birds? This is the story of the guano, the ‘white gold’ that transformed the Peruvian economy for both better and bad. White gold. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt was a man with a lot of free time. Born in 1769, this German was a philosopher, scientist, geographer, naturalist and explorer, among other things. During a trip through South America in 1802, Humboldt He visited the Peruvian coast and was interested in how the premises used a white element as substratum For crops. His name was Guano, and it was the result of the dry excrements of sea birds. HE says That, walking through an area where there was a lot of stored guano, he began to sneeze out of control, and it was his curiosity that encouraged him to send samples to Europe to study his components. What happened next is not something that caught us by surprise at this point: pre -Columbian civilizations were generations using the substrate, Europeans found that the guano was a magnificent fertilizer and began to be interested in him. Pass. The guano is literally fertilizer. His own name “Wánu” in Quechua means “fertilizer”, and really had a unique composition to enrich soils. This guano was a wonderful result of the conditions of the area. The mixture between the dry climate of the Peruvian and Chilean Islands, the composition of the rocks on which they fell and the excrement fruit of the marine diet of the birds resulted in a compound Rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and potassium. It was ideal for improving the health of plants and promoting their growth, so European and American farmers began to pay close attention to the substrate. The reason? The increase in the population was causing an overexploitation of the fields, which led to its exhaustion and a series of unsuccessful crops. You had to find a miraculous solution, and the guano had all the ballots to be that solution. Peanut mine. The two territories began to exploit the resource based on good. Between 1840 and 1880, the demand for the guano exploded and the Peruvian islands became a very precious good. The United States and the ‘Old Continent’ carried dozens of ships with this white gold and Peru came nothing wrong. In those 40 years, Peru exploded about 11 million tons of guano, with estimated revenues of about 38 million dollars. That decontextualized amount may not tell us too much, but the guano’s income allowed the country to develop with ports, railways and roads. Not surprisingly, the first year of exploitation of the guano, the appeal contributed 5% of the income to the country. Facing the last decade of Bonanza, that input It was 80%. A real barbarity. The “Guano War”. It was so popular that the United States, to anyone’s surprise, believe The Guano Law of 1856, for which any American citizen could claim uninhabited islands that had guano deposits. This led to the private appropriation of a hundred of islands in the Pacific and the Caribbean, but the thing became serious between 1879 and 1884. It was when the “Guano War”, A conflict between Peru, Chile and Bolivia for the control of the richest deposits of both Guano and Salitre. As a result, Chile attached some very important enclaves, such as the Atacama desert (which today is one of its wonders for the production of renewable energy), and things for Peru began to change course. Interestingly, the nations that entered that war had been allied against Spain, where guano control was also an important point in the Hispanic-Sudamerican War. To produce, beautiful And crisis. Peru focused so much on the export of the guano that, when the fever sent at the end of the 19th century, the country entered In an economic crisis. It is not that the world stopped wanting Guano, since it was still a very precious resource, but there were two reasons that led the main buyers of the substrate to look the other way. The first was that the reserves began to exhaust and the rate of production could no longer be maintained. The second was that synthetic fertilizers began to appear that could be more or less efficient, but above all they were cheaper because they did not have to bring them through dangerous crossings of thousands of kilometers by boat. The lesson in the Peruvian economy was that they could not focus on a single resource and its economy could not depend From something like that, which highlighted the need to diversify to avoid similar situations in the future. Present. Now, the Guano is still an excellent fertilizer and not only produces the Pacific Sea Birds. The bat guano also has fantastic properties such as fertilizer (in addition to being easier to obtain). And the resulting of the excrement of seals and penguins is also highly valued, but also a very expensive resource because the populations are diminishing. In the end, the Guano played an important role not only in the economy of the countries involved, but at the beginning of the modernization of agriculture, by stimulating investment in fertilizers and, when they began to scarce, to the development of artificial fertilizers. The cycle is repeated. On the other hand, it was One more example How from the Old Continent exploited the resources of Latin America, using local labor under conditions of almost slavery for the benefit of the stranger. And, writing these lines, it is impossible not to draw parallelism with the Rare earth At … Read more

My concentration ability takes a long time. Working in a laptop almost 15 years ago has saved me

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Our care economy is broken. Completely. We are continuously bombarded by stimuli that come by many ways and the consequence is clear: We distracted ourselves with the flight of a fly. It is curious how this is causing a change not only in us, that we look for methods not to distract us, but in elements such as an entertainment industry that has changed its way of capturing our attention. There are two very clear examples of this. Music is one more or less obvious, with increasingly short songs (just a couple of minutes) and, some, with the chorus as the beginning of the theme. In addition, these choruses are also short to fit in the 15 seconds that you can share in an Instagram story. Another example is that of films, with trailers of a couple of minutes that begin with a trailer trailer itself. Here are an example of ‘TOP GUN MAVERICK‘, whose trailer starts with a five -second teaser with images that we will see below: Many more films make this, being a marketing resource that begs us to Let’s pay attention For two minutes. They seem to beg a “Please, pay attention to me, cool things come”. Due to that constant information bombardment, We seek to be productive when we are hyperstimulated And we read books, we learn from successful people, we put into practice supposedly infallible methods, we download applications and, sometimes, we spend more time looking for how to be productive That, really, being. I have to say that I have found a secret to Improve my productivity: Working on a computer that prevents me from opening more than three tabs at the same time. And – at least to me – it works. A hardware barrier If you are reading this it is because you have looked for ways to be more productive and not distract you. I have done it and I have installed everything on my computer, I have configured Ways not to bother the phone And even issues that restrict apps during work hours, but the meat is weak and the finger always tends to go open Bluesky or worse Instagram and Tiktok. One day it occurred to me that, if the software did not limit me, perhaps the hardware would. I went to the closet and took out of the box (I am one of those who keep the boxes of what he buys) My university laptop: a 2011 MacBook Pro. 16 GB of RAM A double -core i5 at a few 2.4 GHz and 13 inches of screen. Years ago I replaced his hard drive with a SSD and I was surprised to light after so many years. What did not work was the charger (nothing that does not solve Amazon and some 20 euros), so I configured it and came across the first problem: I was very outdated. Not only could he not update to a new operating system, but browsers such as Edge, Chrome or your own Safari They were insuffically slow. Nor could I install some applications that I use on a day -to -day basis, such as Notion, because they require a more recent version of the system, so I did with a Firefox Legacy and configured it so that Notion Be the default opening page. You will be wondering why I tell you this, and there I go: when I changed this laptop for a more recent one in 2017, something was already slow and having more than 4-5 tabs in a browser was unfeasible. Despite the 16 GB of RAM, the processor could not with so much without making the fan a turbine, without heating the chassis and without making the system on pull. Precisely, the reason that forced me to make the leap to Infame Macbook Pro with butterfly keyboardIt is the one that made me come back because I wanted, precisely, that. I explain: when I work on a website like Xataka, I do it with a lot of open eyelashes to search for sources. I have Telegram installed, YouTube Music, an image editor and Many times I open, almost by inertia, some social network Or youtube if I don’t feel inspired. With issues such as news or reports, having that overestimulation does not bother me because I know it is something that will take me for a while and then I will happen to something else, but the thing changes when I have an analysis or an opinion article. Does the screen divided there? Neither joke For this type of texts, the concentration is key. You have to turn your thoughts and structure them in a certain way. You cannot afford to get distracted because you lose your thread, and those distractions do not exist with a laptop from almost 15 years ago. If I have more than three tabs open at the same time, the Mac goes to the idle, so I only have notion, Perplexity (precisely to look for something and have many options in a single tab instead of many sources in many tabs) and YouTube Music. Web Telegram It is not an option, for example, and as soon as I have four tabs, the processor is already asking for rest. That with four Firefox tabs That technological barrier, almost physicalnot only does it exist because of how the Mac would go if I open more eyelashes: the screen also plays a paper. 13 inches are not bad and many current laptops have that diagonal, but here the resolution is 1280 x 800 pixels. Translation: scarce, much, so much that putting a game is not an option. Not having a high resolution, putting a split screen is unfeasible, which forces me to have a single screen I am writing, preventing you from having an eye in my text and another in a YouTube video, for example. As I said, it works for me and it is something that I have incorporated into my work routine. … Read more

Spain has filled Europe with excellent tomatoes that do not know anything. It’s time to step further

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The story is known: last year, the reputed French socialist policy Ségolène Royal gave a television interview in BFM.TV in which I accused Spanish tomatoes of being “false bio”to “deceive the consumer” and come to say that they were “surable.” Government, agricultural associations and personalities Like Jose Andrés They went out in Tromba to defend the Spanish product. So and today, the controversy should be to ask ourselves if there is something to learn from all this. But let’s start with the obvious. Spanish tomatoes are excellent. For decades, in fact, Spain has been the international reference of this product, and doing so is not easy. Remember that tomato is the fruit and vegetable culture more valuable What world. Only in 2021 they were consumed in the world More than 189 million of metric tons and represents 31% of all the vegetables that occur in Europe. That is, there is a lot of money in the tomato and there are many countries behind that money. Spain would not have been for years One of the great exporters of tomatoes from the world, nor would it have conquered all European markets, without extremely high quality and standards. Well know in Almería that a small failure It takes you out of the market in a matter of days. The kings of tomato … commercial. In fact, if we go down to detail, Spain nails three main types of best -selling tomatoes internationally: the balls, the Saladette and the cocktail. Within these typologies, the varieties of the Spanish field continue to excel in color, size and useful life. The problem is not that. The problem has never been that. The problem is that we have given Europe (and the rest of the world) just what they wanted: colorful tomatoes, good size and easy to handle “post-recreational.” And we have done it at a good price. That is, we have given them the best possible commercial tomatoes. The problem is that these tomatoes do not know Tomate. And commercial tomatoes lost the taste. In 2017, a team of researchers from the University of Florida led by Harry Klee They analyzed 398 different varieties of tomatoes with the idea of ​​tracing the genetic bases of their organoleptic qualities. His conclusions were that, while the smell-for-the balance of fruits such as banana and strawberry depend on a single volatile compound (or very few), “the tomato needs about 25 different compounds to build its unmistakable organoleptic identity. “ The composition. That are dozens of amino acids, sugars and well -balanced volatile compounds. A chemical balance that on the way to find better colors, sizes and durability, became something very difficult to maintain. And that, in fact, it has not been maintained: it is a common place to say that the tomatoes no longer know tomato, but the investigation He supports it. According to Klee and his team, commercial varieties only have 13 of the 25 volatile compounds that give the smell of tomato. There is life beyond commercial varieties. Faced with these varieties of great views, productivity and durability, we have other types of tomatoes: what is called ‘Heirloom’ (of ‘inheritance’ or ‘family relic’). A tailor drawer to talk about local or regional varieties, with little circulation, whose development process has allowed them to maintain a well-balanced flavor. It is not a miracle. We talk about less productive tomatoes (the plant can ensure more sugar in each fruit) and that, being little resistant to post-harvest handling “, have shorter distribution chains that allow greater maturation in Mata. That is, their technical limitations play against their commercialization, but in favor of their flavor. As is obvious, Spain is full of tomatoes of this type. Not only Barbastro’s pink tomato or Tudela’s ugly, no. The list is endless: the Montgrí de Girona, the Cor de Bou, the Mutxamel of Alicante, the Galician monfortes, the Avoa de Osdo, the tomatoes of the Sierra de la Culebra, the black tomato safe, the Mallorcan Valldemassa and a long etc. . No one in their healthy judgment can bite a well -matured mutxamel and take seriously that Spanish tomatoes do not know anything. I don’t know if Ségolène Royal compared a Spanish commercial tomato with A French Heirloom variety or simply I was doing politicsbut it is true that beyond all The inaccuracies and tone outputsthere is something interesting about what we can reflect as a country. Spain and the tomatoes of the future. In 2022 and for the first time in history, Moroccan tomato sold more than Spanish. And not a little: sold 21.3%. Gradually, the United Kingdom and especially France have begun to replace Spanish tomatoes for those from the other side of the Strait. There are many reasons behind this, but few solutions. And, although Spain is still very strong in the rest of Europe and is opening a hole in the North American market, the ‘sorpasso’ is a warning to navigators. The regulatory advantage of belonging to the EU is getting rid And what we started to see is an agricultural giant with mud feet. And it’s time to take it seriously. We know that to continue being an international reference in the sector we will have to launch one of the “agricultural transformations” more important in history, the question is whether we take advantage of our competitive advantage to lead these changes or engage in an international war that We don’t seem like we can win. Image | Josephine Baran In Xataka | We have a problem with pesticides in agriculture. And a bigger one with the panic they generate In Xataka | To save Spanish wine, government and producers have come to a conclusion: you have to start starting vineyards *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

This time there are no layoffs but an increase in bonus for managers

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Mark Zuckerberg continues with his plan to speed up the goal structure and prepare it to face the challenge that his AI presents. One of the most controversial measures of that plan has been the 5% of your workforcebut not the only one. In one Corporate communication At the SEC, goal confirmed “an increase in the percentage of objective bonus” in the Annual bonus plan for executives of the company. With this new bonus plan, Meta managers could get a bonus of up to 200% of their base salary, instead of a maximum of 75% of their salary they could reach so far. More incentives for executives, less for employees The new bonus plan presented by the company would not affect the remuneration of Mark Zuckerberg which, as CEO and founder, receives A symbolic salary that is complemented with A personalized bonus that compensates. The increase in executive bonuses arrives at a time of tension between the template after the dismissal of goal to which low performance was attributed in their work. However, as the company itself confirmed, these layoffs occur in the context of strategic change to focus on the development of AI, Not due to economic problems. Something that confirmed the 21% increase in the benefits that Goal communicatedJust a few weeks ago. The Board of Directors approved this increase in Bonus for managers with the aim of being more competitive at the salary level “was in or below the 15th of the total compensation in cash of executives who held similar positions. After this increase, the total compensation in cash for the appointed executive officials (except the Executive Director) falls approximately in the 50th of the target compensation of the peer group “, can be read in the document presented by the finish line to the target to the Stock Exchange Commission (SEC). This increase also coincides with the announcement of the 10% trim in rewards For shares -based employees that he published he Financial Times last week. This measure affects, to a different extent, tens of thousands of employees who will receive less actions as a complement to their salary, just at the time these actions have risen 47% during the past year. In Xataka | Trump has made great technological ones change, but not for ideology: they are companies behaving like companies Image | Flickr (Techcrunch)

The new Matepad Pro arrives at the Huawei store in time for winter offers, full of discounts to renew portable

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There comes a time when, yes or yes, we are forced to renew our old laptop. Waiting for certain promotions for this makes us take home good teams for much less money, which is an incentive. Right now we have active Winter offers in the official Huawei storewho come with Discounts on laptops and an exclusive coupon To save a little more. We tell you more about her. Winter offers are the ideal time to renew PC This promotion, available until March 3, comes with discounts of up to 37 % in laptops. In addition to these, we have available an exclusive discount coupon with which to save an additional 8 % discount, as well as free shipping from 49 euros. There does not end the thing: we have a new newly released tablet that comes with A insured discount of 250 euros. Just then we leave you a selection of the most interesting products we have right now. D14 Matebook If we are looking for an economic laptop, but that offers us a good performance and autonomy, the option to choose is is the Matebookd14. Its PVP is 799.90 euros, but we have it reduced to 499 euros right now. If we use the discount code AWS8DTOwe can lower its price a little more, specifically to the 459 euros. The team, as we have said above, does not lack power thanks to the Intel Core i5 processor of 12.ª generation that mounts. The memory section is composed of a 512 GB SSD next to an 8 GB RAM, more than left over if we want a team to work with office or the like. We cannot ignore that it barely weighs 1.39 kg and that comes with Windows 11 installed as standard. Huawei Matebook D 14 2023 12th Gen Core i5 8gb+512GB Windows 11 Home 14 Inch Space Gray * Some price may have changed from the last review MATEROBLY D16 If we can stretch our budget a little more and we look for something more current, the mandatory stop is this Matebook D16. The usual price of this specific model is 999.90 euros, but winter offers leave it reduced to 699 euros. As with the previous one, we can reduce its price to the 643 euros If we use the code AWS8DTO. In this case, the laptop, which is 16 inches, comes with an Intel Core i5 processor of 13. Generation. In addition, the memory section folds the previous one: It comes with 1 TB of storage and 16 GB of RAM. And Eye: Its 70 -Whish battery promises to offer us great autonomy. HUAWEI MATEROBOY D 16 2024 13th GEN CORE I5 16GB+1TB Windows 11 Home16 inches * Some price may have changed from the last review MATARANDE 14 U5 The next option we have is this Matebook 14. Its PVP is 1,099 euros, but it is also the protagonist in these winter offers. Right now it is available for 849 euros, but if we use the code AWS8DTOwe can lower its price until 781 euros. Here we already level up on all scenarios. Your use OLED technology And it has a 2.8K resolution. In addition, it has an Intel Core i5 Ultra processor, 16 GB of RAM and 512 GB of storage. It also comes with Windows 11 for series installed, something that all the laptops we have in stores do not offer. Huawei Matebook 14 U5-125h 16+256gb * Some price may have changed from the last review Matepad Pro 13,2 “ We left the laptops to go directly to the new Matepad Pro 13.2 “. This tablet has just debuted, and does so exclusively in the Huawei store. Its launch price is from 1,199 euros And it comes as a gift with a Bluetooth mouse and the M-Pencil, the ideal complement to be able to write and draw at our whim. And eye: using the code A250MPPG We can receive an additional discount of 250 euros. The point that stands out the most of this new version of the Matepad Pro is its screen, it is a 13.2 -inch OLED panel with 2.8k resolution (2,880 x 1920 pixels) and a 144 Hz soda rate. In addition, it comes with anti -reflex technology to see it correctly always, regardless of external lighting. If we combine it with the keyboard, we have with us a versatile device that will allow us to do everything (it also helps to have the M-Pencil). In addition, it mounts a huge 10,100 mAh battery, thanks to which we will have more than 13 hours of local video playback. And if we run out of battery, nothing happens either: It is compatible with fast charging of 100 w. Matepad Pro 13.2 “12GB + 512GB * Some price may have changed from the last review Watch GT 4 Although it is not a PC or a tablet, the Watch GT 4 He is also offer right now. Its PVP is 269 uueros, but the promotion of Huawei leaves it in only 169 euros, which we can further reduce with the code AWS8DTO. Thanks to it, we can get its 46 mm version for 155 euros and with some Freebuds is 2 as a gift. This smartwatch, Compatible with Android and iOShas an elegant design that will combine well with any look. In addition, he is the perfect companion to have a good control of our training, as well as our health. It also is left over battery: it offers up to 2 weeks of autonomy. * Some price may have changed from the last review This is just a sample of everything we can buy in Huawei’s official pagewhere There are few reasons we have to buy. Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Huawei In Xataka | The best smartwatch: their analysis and videos are here In Xataka | Best laptops in … Read more

It’s time to face that we can’t pay attention to things, we don’t really want to do it

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“I can’t do anything for more than fifteen minutes without looking at the mobile.” A while ago, in Xataka we published A very interesting report about how we had become an eternally decentralized generation. In it, a good number of testimonies and several experts talked about one of the common places of our time: the feeling that we are losing our ability to pay attention. But is it true? The question is not absurd, of course. Especially since the debate is not so much whether memory (attention or other cognitive abilities) changes with the use of mobile devices. Of course they change. They change functionally and do so at a structural level. As Manuel Sebastián explained to usResearcher at the Cerebral Cartography Unit of the Complutense University, “we know that the text that includes links (hypertext) seems to be remembered worse in general, which is totally logical because they constitute distractors and the role of attention is critical in memory” . However, as Sebastián reminded us, “the fact that information is processed differently is not necessarily bad.” The question is whether the changes are worse, if they are leaving us more helpless in the face of certain phenomena of the world. What about our attention? A few months ago, a team from the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Vienna this question was askedbut it is not something to answer. After all, to do so we need to be able to go beyond personal sensations and find attention measurements in numerous contexts, times and ages. Measurements, in addition, that they were not theoretical but were vinvulated to solve concrete problems. Where could they find such data? There was only one answer: in Intelligence tests. That huge tailor drawer that are intelligence tests. For decades, psychologists have been passing intelligence tests to millions of people and, thanks to this, we have a huge base of psychometric evaluations. Well, among that huge amount of data: there is attention tests. Once they realized this, the Researchers gathered 179 Studies with 287 independent samples from 32 different countries over 31 years: that is, they gathered evidence of more than 20,000 people and examined whether throughout these three decades a decay of attention was identified. The results are … counterintuitive. When they examined children, adolescents and young people, They realized that their scores remained stable over the years. When they examined adults, they found that, in fact, The scores improved. Yes, you have read well: our attention has been improving for years. So we are not losing attention capacity? As Adam Grant saidProfessor of Organizational Psychology at Wharton, the problem has never been attention, it is motivation. If we want to use our attention we have the ability to do it, the problem is that we usually do not want. We are so surrounded by interesting and attractive things that we end up letting us fall into multitasking. And, of course, that has consequences. In fact, it is likely that these consequences are the most notice and those that produce the feeling that we are losing the ability to pay attention. Come on, we are “cheating” ourselves. For example, we know that “pay attention” to various media at the same time (watch a movie while we consult the mobile) It has a negative effect on memory. That is, we remember worse what we see while we do other things. The fact is that when we begin to remember the movies worse, we attribute it to our attention and not to the way we saw the movie. Everything is confused. And you have to be careful with that, because if we do not start from reality, it will be impossible Dominate again Our attention capacity. Image | Cristofer Maximilian In Xataka | An eternally decentralized generation: “I can’t do anything for more than fifteen minutes without looking at the mobile” In Xataka | Do not leave for tomorrow what you could do today has left us a hidden problem: Precrastication *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

It is an authentic time museum

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Prehistoric caves have given us many archaeological joys in Spain. They keep giving them and They help us unravel mysteries. In this sense, Altamira’s are Peninsula archaeological crown jewelbut there is Many other caves that have served different purposes for millennia and that today They have become a tourist claim for its natural beauty forged over thousands of years. However, there are some that have not been at the mercy of nature and, until recently, they remained enclaves in which human activity was present. One of them is that of Eye Guareña, which is also the second karst complex bigger of the Iberian Peninsula, only behind the Mortillano system. Karst complexes. They are the result of a process of dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestones and dolomites, as well as minerals such as plaster, due to water action. Over the centuries, this process of chemical weathering generates caves and a drain that reduces the amount of surface water, so galleries are generated in which humanity has been able to enter. They are very characteristic caves due to the presence of formations such as stalactites and stalagmites, which also gives a mystical aura to these places. And, due to their own condition of caves, many of these karst complexes have served as a refuge in prehistory, so they have become valuable archaeological and paleontological sites. The aforementioned Altamira, without going any further. Guareña eye. To the north of the province of Burgos there is another of these formations, a very special for several reasons. One is that of its dimensions, since the Cuevas de Eye Guareña have more than 110 kilometers of galleries and it is estimated that they are composed of about 400 cavities. It has a few awards (natural monument, well of cultural interest and place of community importance), and it is not for less. It stands out for its biodiversity with 16 species of endemic invertebrates, their own dimensions and for the archaeological findings that have occurred. And it is fascinating that 14 caves are communicated among them in a complex equivalent to about six floors. Time Museum. My intention is not to remove merit from the archaeological remains found in the place, but it was still one more cave, a shelter, for the inhabitants of the Paleolithic. They were, therefore, cave paintings, weapons, bones, Neanderthal teeth, fossilized traces of barefoot and ceramics. When humanity evolved and began to found towns and cities, the caves were abandoned and used in cases counted as a sporadic warehouse or refuge (in a war situation, for example). However, in the case of Eye Guareña, it was not so much like that. These archaeological remains correspond to the different cultures that have been happening in the Peninsula, to the point that there are paintings of the Paleolithic, postpaleolithic, bronze and iron age. This report from Castilla y León Televisión is fantastic Sanctuary. One of the findings was relatively recent, in 2019. It was a skeleton of someone who, we estimate, was lost in the caves. He died there because the caves are labyrinthine and carried their trousseau, which allowed date To this person as an individual of the VI AC and it is also estimated that several of the caves did the functions of ‘sanctuaries’ or centers of cult for populations. And this function is not something that will be anchored in the past. Next to the main entrance of Eye Guareña, they built the San Bernabé hermitage. It is not known for sure when it occurred, driving dates between the 5th and XIII centuries. What is known is that, during a millennium, and until 1924the hermitage was the meeting point of the Council of Merindad -the Burgos Municipality Merindad de Sotoscueva. Apart from the building itself, integrated in the rock as if it were a decoration of ‘The Lord of the Rings’, something worth seeing are the frescoes of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries with scenes of Christianity. And tourism. It is a place where prehistoric art coexists with that of just 200 years ago, as if an encyclopedia of the artistic history of humanity was. And currently still has its importance. On Saturday, June 11, the pilgrimage is celebrated, with the hermitage as the protagonist. And, of course, the tourism It is also something present in such a area, with options ranging from three to six euros, depending on age. There are several types of excursions. The quietest is that of the hermitage, which includes a visit to 400 meters of galleries. For the most adventurers, and for a higher price, there are longer tours of Palomera and Sima Cueva ailments, a cave that is not conditioned and in which the entry to children under 12 years is not allowed. And if you have less than 18, you must also go with an adult. In the end, Eye Guareña is not only an imposing karst complex or an archaeological site, but a sample of the passage of time and how the same space has served as similar to humanity for thousands of years. Images | Televisión Castilla y León, Roberto Lumbreras, Eliana Alvoz In Xataka | Spanish tourism faces the real risk of dying of success. There are already guides that advise three of its great destinations

The last time that US invaded Panama did it with an unexpected strategy: Guns’n’rose as a psychological torture

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At the end of 2024, in Panama you surely breathed calmer. As soon as the new year starts, the enclave has gained an unusual geopolitical importance. While the country has stressed that “its” channel is a neutral territory, Donald Trump’s statements and China’s movements They put the focus on a space and their crossroads between two global powers. It is possible that it does not pass from rhetoric, but if finally the United States tries to “invade” the territory, history reminds us that there was already a similar event with music to every pill. Invasion to Panama: pumps and rock. In December 1989, United States launched the so -called Operation Causa Causaa massive military invasion in Panama with the aim of overthrowing the dictator Manuel Noriega. With an overwhelming demonstration of war power, Washington sent 26,000 soldiersbombarded parts of the city of Panama and finally submitted Noriega through an unpublished psychological war tactic. Context: The American friend. Noriega had been A strategic ally of the United States during the Cold Warserving as a CIA informant about drug trafficking and regional issues. Despite his links with organized crime, Washington tolerated him for years due to his usefulness in the fight against communist influence in Latin America. However, in the late 80s everything changed, and its growing autonomy and the possibility of shaking ties with the Soviet Union began to worry the White House. Although Noriega was accused of drug trafficking and electoral fraud, the murder of an American soldier for Panama’s defense forces was the perfect pretext that triggered the invasion. The administration of George Bush decided that it was time to actdespite the opposition of agencies such as the CIA and the DEA, which still saw in Noriega a valuable source of intelligence. Operation Cause. Panama’s invasion was a disproportionate force display. Panamanian defense had just 3,000 soldiers with light weaponswhile the United States deployed furtive airplanes, helicopters with artillery and thousands of marines and army troops. The American offensive devastated entire sectors of the city of Panama, with a balance of hundreds of dead and scenes of bodies shattered through the streets. Historians tell that the brutality of The invasion was influenced by the so -called Vietnam Syndromea doctrine that prioritized the use of overwhelming force to avoid long and expensive interventions such as Vietnam. To seal the capture of Noriega, the Navy destroyed her yacht and her private jet, eliminating any escape route. And the decibels arrived. After the US invasion of Panama, Noriega took refuge in the Vatican Embassy in Panama Cityrefusing to surrender despite the presence of American troops surrounding the building. As international law prevented them from entering the building, the United States Army implemented an unprecedented psychological war strategy to break their resistance: They installed speakers in military vehicles and began bombing the area with a sound wall without stopping. The repertoire, carefully selected by the military station Southern Command Network, included songs with ironic messageslike I FOUCHT THE LAW OF THE CLASH, PANAMA DE VAN HALEN, ALL I WANT IS YOU OF U2 AND IF I HAD A ROCKET LAUNCHER DE BRUCE COCKBURN. And above all, the two -band classics: Guns N ‘Roses (Welcomo to the Jungle were heard dozens of times) and The Doors. The thunderous sound was such that the Holy See formally protested against tactics, which led to music after three days without stopping. By then, Noriega (who was also an opera lover) had already undergone extreme psychological pressure. On January 3, 1990, he finally delivered. Torture or tactics? US military forces have always defended the practice, arguing that musical torture is a non -lethal technique that, like sleep deprivation, does not leave permanent physical sequels. However, former detainees have testified otherwise. I counted a while ago to the BBC Binyam Mohamedformer prisoner of Guantanamo, to have endured 20 days of music at full volume, including The Real Slim Shady by Eminem and Forgot About Dre by Dr. Dre, causing several detainees to lose their reason. Another prisoner, Haj Ali, described how he underwent the constant repetition of the Babylon phrase … Babylon … Babylon … by David Gray, until he feels that his head was going to explode. In this regard, organizations such as Amnesty International consider that musical torture is a form of inhuman and degrading abuseprohibited by the UN and the European Court of Human Rights. According to expert Sara Macneice, This technique has nothing to do with music In its traditional sense, it is a sound assault designed to intimidate and break the victim psychologically. Consequences and legacy. Yes ok The fair cause was a strategic success for the United Statesthe international community condemned the violation of Panamanian sovereignty and the brutality of the attack. The invasion left between 500 and 4,000 deadaccording to different sources, and the destruction of entire neighborhoods such as Chorrillo. Political level, Washington adopted Panama’s invasion as a model for future interventionsinfluencing the military doctrine used in Iraq, Afghanistan and the so -called war on terrorism. That said, its impact on national sovereignty and international law remains a matter of debate. It was the day that it was shown that bombs are not needed to bend the enemy, and that Even music can be an instrument of war. Image | Carlos Varela, Nara, LLS In Xataka | China and the US want the same territory of South America. China has offered an ambitious project, Trump enters by force In Xataka | Mexico plans 3,000 new kilometers of train for goods and passengers. The big question is what happens to the drug traffickers

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