system

The most predictable ocean system in the Pacific has collapsed for the first time in 40 years. And no one really knows why.

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For the first time in at least 40 years of systematic records, the Gulf of Panama’s “seasonal upwelling” (the mechanism that pushes cold, nutrient-rich water from the bottom to the surface every first quarter of the year) collapsed in 2025. 2026, fortunately, is not repeating the pattern. But what researchers are discovering is no more reassuring. Has the outcrop “gone”? Not exactly: it didn’t completely disappear; but it started 42 days late, lasted only 12 days (compared to the usual 66) and cooled the waters to 23 degrees (instead of the average 19). And yet, it is counterintuitive. First, because La Niña (the ENSO phase that ruled in 2025) It usually favors blooms in the eastern Pacific. Second, because until now we thought that warming intensifies large outcrops. And, third, because the upwelling has returned this year (with some collapses in between). None of this fits with what we have learned over 30 years of direct ‘in situ’ measurements (and satellite images). But wait a second, what is this “outcrop” thing? It is an effect of the increase in intensity of the ‘Panama low-level jet‘; a jet that pushes surface water deeper and allows cold, nutrient-rich water from the depths of the Gulf of Panama to rise. This outcrop is key to the life of some 60,000 km2 of the Pacific. The fact is that it is also the most predictable system in the Pacific. Since we started measuring it, he had never missed his appointment. What happened in 2025. The allies did not have the strength to break the thermal stratification of the surface and, therefore, were not able to activate the outcrop other than as a simulation. And why should we care? To begin with because, according to the same researcherss, “more than 95% of Panama’s marine biomass comes from the Pacific thanks to the rise of nutrients”: that is 2.76% of the GDP of the Panamanian republic. But it goes beyond the Central American country: the upwelling areas occupy less than 1% of the world’s ocean surface, but They generate around 50% of fishing catches of the planet It also has an important oceanic and climate impact, of course; but it tells us very interesting things about what we can expect in the future. Because if, suddenly, a phenomenon that we thought was very stable (and that we have known about for as long as we can remember) can disappear, what can happen? What, in reality, is the Gulf of Panama telling us? Image | O’Dea et al. (2025) In Xataka | 2023 was the year in which El Niño and climate change competed. In the Amazon we already know who won

It also had a sophisticated water system in the middle of the Jordanian desert.

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There are few monuments better known on the entire face of the Earth than Petra, the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom in the south of modern-day Jordan. That majestic facade sculpted in rock It is a world heritage site. However, there is a dimension of the city that is equally impressive and that often goes unnoticed: its hydraulic engineering. In a semi-arid environment, control of water was not a mere matter of survival (as if that were not enough!) but also a symbol of power and prestige and strategic resource. The capital of the kingdom required a stable and carefully managed water supply for drinking, bathing, agriculture, temple basins or gardens. To date, archeology believed it had a reasonably clear map of how its water network worked, but a research team from the Humboldt University of Berlin has just shown that the map was incomplete and partially wrong. His research has been published in a paper in Levant. The discovery. On the slopes of Jabal al-Madhbah the team has identified a 116 meter stretch of pressurized lead pipe preserved in situ in the ‘Ain Braq aqueduct, in a prospecting area of ​​2,500 square meters. This feature is poorly documented in open-air aqueduct corridors in the eastern Mediterranean. Most importantly, it demonstrates that it was not a system built in a single phase. Because the investigation has documented nine conduits in total (including the aforementioned lead one), in addition to a large deposit sealed by a high dam, two cisterns and seven basins of different sizes and purposes. That is, two different technologies superimposed: first the pressurized lead pipe, which at some point was sealed, and on top of it a later terracotta network. Why is it important. There are two levels where the discovery is relevant: From a technical point of view, the use of lead is rare beyond building interiors. Its presence in an outdoor channel shows that the Nabataeans had access to sufficient resources and technical knowledge to use it outdoors, rivaling the achievements of Rome. It should be remembered that lead requires mining, transportation and artisans. From a political point of view, it was a symbol of power and prosperity. The system fed the Az-Zantur reservoir, located on a high ridge. From there, water could be distributed under pressure to monuments such as the Great Temple and the Garden and Pool Complex. These structures require a continuous and reliable water supply, so as lead researcher Niklas Jungmann proposes, they demonstrate the luxury of running water in the desert. If you control the water, you control the city. Context. The Siq, ‘Ain Braq and Wadi Mataha systems were the three main water supply systems of Petra and were fed by springs and reservoirs. Each of them were designed with different objectives to deal with the challenges of physics and the particular geology of the landscape, which made it possible to supply the different sectors of the city. In a desert environment, it was an essential requirement to master water and boy did it do so: they had baths, ornamental gardens, sacred water installations and monuments that continually needed water. Petra flourished as the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom before its incorporation into the Roman Empire and its subsequent decline following the earthquake of 363 AD. The chronological context places the lead phase probably at the height of the kingdom (1st century AD), under the reign of Aretas IV, when the city experienced an urban explosion. The transition to terracotta coincides with periods of economic restructuring or changes in administration after the Roman annexation in 106 AD, showing an adaptation towards materials that are easier to maintain. How have they done it. Classic research approaches on Petra approached the entire city from a macro perspective and resorted to extrapolations, but Jungmann’s study focuses on a 2,500 square meter area of ​​the Jabal al-Madhbah massif. This has allowed him to document every visible trace of hydraulic infrastructure with precision using photogrammetry and digital elevation models to understand how the terrain dictated water flow and where the use of pressure was necessary. Likewise, it did not focus on searching for objects through excavation, but rather on detailed reading of the stratigraphy and morphology of the infrastructure. Yes, but. Although the discovery is revolutionary, unknowns remain and Jungmann himself is cautious with interpretations. To begin with, the lead pipe was abandoned and sealed to be replaced by a second network of open canals and terracotta pipes, a decision that was probably explained by costs. In addition, the study focuses on a small area and a first prospecting campaign (September 2023). That is, the connection with the reign of Aretas IV is plausible but not definitive when it comes to dating. On the other hand, the use of lead raises the eternal question about toxicity. As a general context, in calcareous waters such as those in the region, calcium carbonate tends to form an internal layer that isolates the metal from drinking water, which would reduce the risk of contamination, although the paper does not address this issue. What is clear is that Nabataean water management was more advanced, experimental and adaptable than previously thought. In Xataka | 2,600 years ago four Etruscans were buried in Rome. And today archaeologists have found a treasure thanks to them In Xataka | 12,000 years ago a tribe in North America carved small dice with a single objective: to create bets. Cover | Bernard Gagnon and Diego Delso

The new EU border system is leaving people without flights. Ryanair has a solution: close check-in early

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From 10 November, Ryanair check-in counters They will close one hour before of the scheduled departure, instead of the 40 minutes that is now allowed. The change implies that the traveler will have to coordinate the time better and go a little more in advance. All, according to the company, in order to avoid problems at security and passport controls. What exactly changes. Until now, Ryanair travelers who wanted to deliver their luggage at the airport had a limit of 40 minutes prior to the departure of their flight. With the new rule, that margin is extended to 60 minutes. In other words: you will have to arrive at the airport earlier and arrange your suitcase more in advance. The measure will apply to all airports where the Irish airline operates. Why does he do it? According to the company itselfthe goal is to reduce the number of passengers who miss their flight due to getting stuck in security or passport control queues. By bringing forward the closing of the counters, travelers with checked luggage would have more time to go through those checkpoints before boarding begins. Dara Brady, chief marketing officer at Ryanair, counted in the press release that the change is especially relevant “during peak periods, when some of these lines at the airport can be longer.” Milan was the best example. Queues at checkpoints are the common enemy that can cause us to end up missing our flight. And the last few weeks have been especially busy around it, because hundreds of passengers missed their flights due to Europe’s new Entry and Exit System (EES). This is the European Union’s new digital border control that forces non-EU citizens (including British citizens after Brexit) to register their biometric data, such as fingerprint and facial recognition, every time they cross a border in the Schengen area. The system was supposed to be fully operational on April 10, but it seems that no one thought that the system would end up being so chaotic. According to reported BBC, on April 16, a Ryanair flight from Bergamo airport in Milan left for Manchester, leaving behind a group of travelers who had been stuck in the border queue for an hour and a half without moving forward. That same day, another airline flight between Tenerife South and East Midlands also left many passengers on the ground. Mplus self-check-in kiosks. The measure comes accompanied by an expansion of self-check-in luggage kiosks, which will be available before October in more than 95% of the airports in its network. These terminals work integrated with the Ryanair application and allow the passenger to check in the suitcase and print the label without going through the traditional counter. The airline claims this will speed up the process and reduce waits. Who it affects and who it doesn’t. According to account airline, this change only affects 20% of Ryanair passengers who check baggage. The remaining 80%, who travel only with hand luggage, will not notice any difference. For this reason, if you travel with Ryanair and plan to check in a suitcase starting in November, take this margin into account and calculate that you will have to arrive a little earlier for your flights. Cover image | Marty Sakin In Xataka | The airlines had been warning for weeks and the consequences are already here: Volotea will charge 14 euros more for the Hormuz crisis

Five years ago, Venice spent more than 5 billion on a system of barriers against the sea. Now look for a plan B

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There was a time when Venice looked at the Adriatic with ambition. The sea not only shaped the city, permeating its DNA, it also propelled it until it became a naval power who fought for dominance of the Mediterranean. Today things are different. The Serennissima (turned into tourist power) observes with increasing concern the coming and going of the tides, the same ones that in 2019 submerged it under 187 cm of water, flooding 80% of the city. The reason is very simple. Everything indicates that the multimillion-dollar system that Venice was equipped with a few years ago to protect itself from the threat of high water It won’t take long for it to become obsolete. And it is not very clear what the alternative is. One figure: 18. The threat of flooding is not new in Venice. In fact, one of the worst in memory was suffered six decades ago, in November 1966when an intense storm caused the water to reach 194 cm, flooding much of the city. However, experts have been detecting worrying signs for some time. It is not just that Venice sink or the sea level rising (which too). There are increasingly clear signs that suggest that floods will become more frequent in the future. Recently, a group of researchers dedicated themselves to analyzing the “extreme” episodes suffered by the city, those in which 60% of its surface was flooded. Throughout the last century and a half, it counted 28 incidents of those characteristics. The surprising thing is that the vast majority of them (18) were concentrated during the last 23 years. One measurement: 0.42 m. Today more than half of Venice is alone between 80 and 120 cm above the average sea level and projections show that this scenario will soon worsen: in the best of cases, if we manage to drastically reduce our polluting emissions, the sea will rise 0.42m by 2100. In the worst case, it will be 1.8 m, which would greatly complicate the outlook for the Serennissima. In fact, now the high tide already leaves St. Mark’s Square only 30 cm above the water level. One name: Mose. Aware of how much is at stake in Venice, the Italian Government has long been looking for a way to protect itself from floods. The result was Mose (experimental elettromechanical module)a system made up of four barriers and 78 independent mobile gates that allow authorities to protect the Venetian lagoon from what is known as high watertides that flood the city. The objective: to temporarily isolate the Adriatic lagoon and thus protect Venice from the most dangerous tides. To achieve this, the barriers were strategically installed in the inlets of Lido, Malamocco and Chioggia. Each gate also measures 20m wide and between 18.6 and 29.6 m long. An investment: 5,000 million. It is said that the project mobilized an investment of more than 5.5 billion of euros (its execution was marred by corruption). Its work began in 2003 and after several delays it carried out a first test in October 2020, in an event led by the then Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte. A year earlier, Venice had suffered a of the worst floods that are remembered, during which the water reached 187 cm, flooding part of the entrance to the Basilica of Saint Mark. An indicator: frequency. The problem is that the authorities are turning to Mose much more often than expected. EuroWeekly assures that in less than a month, between January 28 and February 19, the system was activated 30 times. Other media report that since their inauguration at the end of 2020, the barriers have saved Venice from flooding in 154 occasions. The problem is that the use of Mose does not come free to the region, neither in economic terms nor on a social and environmental level. Setting up the enormous Mose floodgates has a direct cost, but it also has another indirect cost: by isolating the lagoon, the system alters, for example, the activity of the port sector and interrupts maritime traffic with the port of Marghera. Guardian points out that pressing Mose’s button has an economic impact of more than 200,000 euros for Venice. For this year’s Carnival alone the total bill would be around five million euros. An extra concern: the lagoon. Not everything is measured in operational cost, maritime traffic and economic impact. Altering the tides in the area also has an impact on its ecosystem and that is something that worries experts like Andrea Rinaldo, from the scientific committee of the Lagoon Authority. Especially if two fundamental data are taken into account: first, the frequency of use in recent years; second, the forecasts for sea level rise. “With one more meter, the Mose barriers would have to be closed an average of 200 times a year, which means that they would practically always be blocked,” explains Roinaldo. “When this happens, the lagoon loses its function as a transitional environment. It would become a pond.” A victim: the lagoon itself. As explains GuardianBy blocking the flow of water, the barriers encourage the growth of algae. The problem is that when these die and decompose they directly affect the quality of the water and the rest of the flora and fauna. Does that mean Mose was a mistake? Rinaldo thinks not. The changes are simply happening much faster than engineers expected, forcing authorities and technicians to think about the future in the medium and long term. At the end of the day, if Mose taught anything, it is that projects of his importance are not approved and executed overnight. One question: What to do? The great unknown. Those responsible for Mose are looking for ways to reduce its impact, but it is not an easy decision. Among other things because the Venetians themselves have become accustomed to the barriers and gates coming into operation at the slightest risk, points out Giovanni Zaroti, one of the system technicians. Rinaldo mentions the possibility of launching an international call … Read more

call it productivity and brag about the system

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three years ago I wrote here that spending years trying productivity apps, running like a headless chicken from Todoist to Things and from Craft to Notion, had been a rather unproductive search. I maintain it, but at that moment I had not seen version 2.0 of the problem yet. The one that no longer has to do with apps. There is a scene that is repeated in the spaces where we addicts to productivity (or the false sense of productivity) go. YouTube channels, newslettersX accounts with hundreds of thousands of followers: someone shows their “system”. It can be a Notion very well structured with relational databases, or a Obsidian with interconnected knowledge graphs. The morning routine with a weekly, monthly and quarterly review block. The labels, the priorities with their little flags, the active and latent projects, the someday / maybe. Everything documented, everything perfect. And when you see that you think “this person doesn’t have time to do anything.” It is not a joke but an observation. The most sophisticated productivity system is, in most cases, the most reliable proof that its owner has stopped producing.. I’m guilty too. Because building and maintaining that system requires exactly the kind of sustained attention, cognitive energy, and hours on screen that the system is supposed to free up to do important things. Here’s the catch GTDhe second brain and the entire philosophy of personal productivity have tended unintentionally, or perhaps wanting to: They have made managing work look like work. And looking like work, it gives the satisfaction of work done. Dopamine from task completion without having completed any actual task. Rearranging Obsidian notes for two hours feels like work. It is not. The phenomenon has a technical name that no one uses because it sounds too honest: structured procrastination. Doing things that are legitimate and even useful, but that are not the right thing to do. In its most innocent version, it is tidying up your desk before you start writing. In its 2026 version, it’s spending the afternoon building the perfect idea capture flow instead of having none. AI has multiplied this tenfold. Now the system can be more complex, more automated, more impressive. You can have one agent that classifies your notes, another that summarizes your readings, another that generates the weekly report of everything you have captured. He second brain It has become something like a brain of its own, with its own processes, its own maintenance needs, its own technical debt. And you, meanwhile, feeding it. In the end this shows us an uncomfortable truth: that most of us prefer preparing to do things rather than doing them. The perfect system is a permanent promise of future performance that indefinitely postpones the demands of the present. There is always a reason not to start yet: the system is not ready, a field is missing in the database, the capture flow needs to be revised. Let’s see if there is a better icon for this page. This is not new, of course. Seneca wrote 2,000 years ago that busyness and living are different things. But before procrastination had a bad conscience. You knew you were avoiding something. Now you can avoid it with impeccable productivity, with a label system and weekly review, without anyone, starting with yourself, being able to point the finger at you. Are you working. It is seen. I have a Notion to prove it. Real work, the one that matters, the one that costs, has a characteristic that productivity systems cannot simulate: produces something that did not exist before. Not a neater database or a more refined capture flow. Something that, when finished, justifies the time you have not dedicated to organizing yourself. That something is getting rarer and rarer. And our systems, increasingly more perfect and aesthetic. In Xataka | I’ve tried the Plaud NotePin S: the wearable AI recorder that’s not for everyone, but it’s perfect for some Featured image | Isaac Smith

everything we know so far about the new version of Google’s operating system

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We are going to give you all the information about Android 17so you can learn about everything that Google’s next mobile operating system offers. For now, we are going to tell you everything we know at the moment, but between now and its launch we will update the article periodically to always keep it up to date. As usual, the basic version of Android 17 will be the one that reaches Google’s Pixel phones, while then the rest of the manufacturers will adapt it with their customization layers, which may have additional functions. But we are going to focus on the base version of Android and what we know about its next version. When do we expect Android 17 to be released Google launched the first beta for developers of Android 17 last February. These are very unstable versions and not recommended for conventional users, and where visual innovations are gradually being implemented. The objective is to have the software base so that app developers have time to adapt them. IF Google continues to maintain the accelerated pace launched in 2025, it is expected that the first public beta arrives in May 2026. It will be during Google I/O, the search engine company’s annual event, and these beta versions will already have the main visual novelties. They will launch successive versions where they implement the new features that are to come. And then, The final version will begin to arrive between June and July for Pixel phones, which are always the first to update. Then, the rest of the manufacturers will adapt Android 17 to their customization layers and launch it on their devices between the second half of 2026 and the first half of 2027. What news do we expect from Android 17 Let’s start by telling you what they are the confirmed news of Android 17. They will not be the only ones, nor will they be implemented at the same time in the betas. However, looking at the Canary versionswe know that Google prepare a before and after for the gamersin addition to the beginning of the end of Chrome OS to not have two operating systems, but one. Let’s talk to you about it. ‘Aluminum OS’ and the end of ChromeOS The most disruptive novelty of Android 17 could be at its foundations, although has not yet been confirmed. This is a project with code name ‘Aluminum OS’which seeks to unify both mobile phones, tablets and laptops in the same operating system. Google currently has two operating systems, Android for mobile phones, tablets, watches or cars, and Chrome OS for laptops and computers, although it focuses on the low ranges. Now what they want is have a single operating system that works for everythingand this would mean the disappearance of ChromeOS. The idea with Aluminum OS is that Android can be used on both mobile and desktop. And when you use it on the desktop, it will have the interface of a full operating system. With this, Android will no longer only focus on mobile phones and tablets, but also on laptops and computers of all ranges. Just like we have been learning in recent monthswith this Google wants to attack three different fronts: Unify resources having a single development: Google currently has two parallel developments, Android and Chrome OS. With this, all efforts are focused on a single development. Assault on the high ranges: Chromebooks with Chrome OS are mainly cheap entry-level laptops, and are used for browsing the Internet and not much else. But now, The leaks talk about premium devicesand that Google wants Android to be an option for high-end laptops. Gemini integrated into its core: We have also learned that Google wants to integrate Gemini into the bowels of its operating system, so that it can be used natively on laptops without further complications. Here, what should be clear is that It is not yet confirmed that it will arrive on Android 17. It has been leaked that it is an ongoing development, but we do not know if it will arrive in the next version of its operating system or if it will be fully integrated or it will be a progressive integration. We will be attentive to new information. This is the rest of the confirmed news Remapping of controls for gaming: Android 17 will bring very good news for gamers. The first is that there will be native support for button remapping, to be able to adapt the actions to the controllers and prevent the buttons from not doing what you want if you connect an Xbox or PlayStation controller. Virtual command function: It will allow you to translate touches on the screen into signals from a physical controller. With this, you will be able to use games that were designed only for touch screens with your favorite controller. Universal clipboard: Google prepares a system to copy and paste between mobile and PC, a universal clipboard. The great advantage of Apple is that what you copy on the Mac you can paste on the iPhone without doing anything, and vice versa. Google wants to have technology to do the same between Android and PC. This will allow for more fluidity between devices and put an end to one of the classic advantages of using Apple devices. AI built into the core with AppFunctions: AppFunctions a local framework which allows applications to expose their functions so that assistants like Gemini can execute them directly using natural language. This tool will allow AI to perform complex, multi-step tasks in the background within third-party apps. News in Material 3 Expressive: Google also adds new features to the design of Material 3 Expressive the Android interface. First, you will have a transparency effectsomething similar to Apple’s Liquid Glass. Thus, elements such as the volume bar will have a semi-transparency that allows the color underneath to pass through. It is also expected that all icons They must respect the accent color of the … Read more

the secret “eye” of its most advanced anti-missile system

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In modern conflicts, some military systems operate at speeds greater than Mach 5 and they are capable of distinguishing targets in mid-flight without emitting a single signal, guided only by the heat they detect hundreds of kilometers away. These technologies, designed to be invisible and virtually unrecoverable, rarely leave any trace when they fail. But when they do they are a danger from what they say. The chance find. Yes, because someone in Syria has found something completely unexpected in the desert and has uploaded a video to the networks: nothing less than one of the secret “eyes” of Washington’s most advanced anti-missile system, a key piece of the THAAD system which should rarely appear outside of highly controlled environments. The discovery, supposedly in the southwest of the country near areas where US batteries operate in Israel and Jordan, shows not only the infrared sensor but substantial parts of the interceptor in a surprisingly intact state, pointing to a failure during an interception in the midst of the regional war and turning what should have been an invisible process into a tangible, recorded event and potentially exploitable. How the THAAD “eye” works. As we said, the component found is not a simple fragment, but the system that allows the interceptor to “see” its target, an advanced infrared sensor that guides the kill vehicle call after separating from the booster rocket and freeing itself from its front cover. This system detects the heat of the missile enemy without emitting signals, which makes it resistant to electronic interference, and works together with a complex set of small propellants that adjust their trajectory with millimeter precision to achieve a direct impact at hypersonic speeds, all without the need for explosives, in a process where each microsecond and each adjustment determine success or failure. THAAD A failure that changes everything. And here comes the importance of the discovery. The fact that both the kill vehicle and its cover appeared together and relatively intact suggests that something went wrong in the sequence of interception, although it is not clear whether it was a technical problem, a loss of target or a systems failure self-destruct devices designed precisely to avoid this type of situation. In any case, what was supposed to disappear in the sky has ended up on the ground, and that detail is crucial because it breaks one of the fundamental premises of these systems: that their most sensitive technology never be exposed in sight of no one. The strategic value of the meeting. Recovering this type of technology offers any adversary a unique opportunity to analyze from within one of the most sophisticated air defense systems, if not the most, unraveling how it detects targetshow it discriminates threats and what its real limitations are, something that could translate into new countermeasures, improvements in own systems or even attempts at replication. For countries like Iran, Russia or China itself that they already observe the system’s performance in current combat, the possibility of having physical access to its components would multiply the value of that intelligence and reduce the American technological advantage. A war that leaves traces. If you will, the episode also reflects a reality that is increasingly evident in modern conflicts: the intensive use of advanced weapons increases the probability that critical pieces will end up by the wayside. in unwanted handswhether due to failures, demolitions or simple operational wear. We had already talked about the problem that Washington has with the demolition of their radars more advanced by Iran, and with THAAD being used constantly against ballistic missiles in the Middle East, it is not ruled out that scenes like this are repeated, turning each failed interception into something much more serious than a tactical error for the American side: a possible knowledge leak strategic for his enemies. Image | x, US Army In Xataka | To rescue the pilot lost in Iran, the US has told a story worthy of Spielberg. Some explosive images tell a very different story In Xataka | The US is going to end its war in the Middle East with a very uncomfortable reality: Iran had years of advantage underground

The Aragón justice system has shown how expensive it can be for a company to get involved with dismissal letters: 46,665 euros

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There are mistakes that can be corrected with a simple apology. And then there are errors that, once committedhave legal consequences that no apology can undo. A freight transport company in Huesca discovered this in the worst possible way when it fired one of its employees, regretted it days later, trying to back down, and then fired him again. All of this while the worker was at home on medical leave. What seemed like an internal bureaucratic mess ended up in court and with compensation of more than 46,000 euros. The dismissal letters the devil carries them. Two layoffs, one leave and fifteen days of chaos. As documented in the sentence In the case that reached the Superior Court of Justice of Aragon, the worker had been in the company since 2011, with an indefinite contract, and had accumulated more than a year of medical leave due to a cervical injury when, on December 14, 2023, he received a burofax from his company informing him of the disciplinary dismissal. As indicated in the dismissal letter, the employee had carried out incompatible activities with his low status. The worker did not take long to react and began the process to challenge the dismissal in court. But then something unexpected happened. On December 20, just six days later, a second burofax arrived in which the company declared that the first dismissal was annulled and that an internal disciplinary file was opened in its place. Not satisfied with this, on December 29 they received a third burofax containing another dismissal letter, this time accompanied by the payroll and the corresponding settlement. Within two weeks, the employee had received two dismissal communications and one cancellation while was still convalescing at home. Why the company wanted to back down. As stated in the ruling, the company argued that the first dismissal had been a procedural error and considered that the initial letter had formal defects related to the applicable collective agreement, since the worker had questioned by email whether the merchandise transportation agreement or the chemical industry agreement should apply. The company’s intention was to annul that first dismissal, open the correct disciplinary file and issue a new letter in order. From his point of view, the only real dismissal was that of December 29, which had never been challenged by the worker. The company also tried to demonstrate to the court that the underlying reason for the dismissal was legitimate: a private detective report recorded the worker carrying out physical activity during his medical leave, which he interpreted as a simulation of the disability or, at least, as a behavior incompatible with recovery. A dismissal letter is not a draft. The problem for the company is that the dismissal letter is not a simple administrative communication with the employee, but is a document with key legal value with which an entire dismissal process begins with very well-defined deadlines and procedures to give maximum guarantees to both companies and employees. He article 55.1 of the Workers’ Statute establishes that disciplinary dismissal must be notified in writing, with the facts that motivate it and the effective date. Once that letter is delivered, a legal mechanism is put in place that neither party can stop unilaterally. The law itself contemplates the possibility for the company to retract the dismissal and provides a way out when a company wants to correct a poorly formulated dismissal, but as stated in article 55.2 of the Workers’ Statute, it is subject to very precise conditions and deadlines. Furthermore, it is only admitted if, during that rectification period, the company keeps the worker registered with Social Security and pays them all salaries. In this case, the ruling states that it was not proven that the company had complied with that requirement, which blocked this means of rectification. Without the worker’s acceptance, there is no turning back. On the other hand, and beyond the administrative procedures, there is an additional requirement that the company did not comply with in its process of rectification of the first dismissal: for the employment relationship to be restored, the worker who has been dismissed must expressly accept it. It is not enough for the company to declare on its own that the dismissal is without effect. The Supreme Court already established that a communicated dismissal determines that the worker is not obliged to accept any subsequent retraction from the company, and that claiming before the courts in that situation does not constitute any type of abuse. In this case, the employee did not explicitly accept the annulment of the first dismissal or return to his position. The email he sent to the company questioning the applicable collective agreement was not considered by the court as a tacit acceptance of the withdrawal, but rather as confirmation of his dismissal status. The employment relationship, in the eyes of the law, had been terminated on December 14 and no subsequent communication from the company could change that unilaterally. The outcome: more than 46,000 euros in compensation. The TSJ of Aragón also ruled out the argument about physical activity during sick leave. It was proven that the outputs recorded by detective They were walks or runs of about 40 minutes of moderate duration that, according to the medical assessment, were not contraindicated for the worker’s recovery from the cervical injury. With all these arguments on the table, the court declared the dismissal inadmissible, the first, because the second no longer had any legal value, and established compensation of 46,665.34 euros, calculated based on age of the worker. The company appealed that decision to the Superior Court of Justice of Aragon, which confirmed it in its entirety and also ordered it to pay 800 euros in costs. Dismissal letters, especially if they are not well formulated, are carried by the devil. In Xataka | He had been in the same notary office for 16 years and was fired for not passing the trial period: the Supreme Court ended up seeing the … Read more

how a relay in Gipuzkoa saved Europe while the Spanish system died of success

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Next April 28 it will be exactly one year of the biggest collapse in our recent history: the great blackout that turned the Iberian Peninsula black and left 55 million people in Spain and Portugal without electricity supply for 12 hours. Almost twelve months later, we finally have the official autopsy. The final report. The European Network of Electricity Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E) has made public the long-awaited final report. Throughout 472 pages, the panel of experts dissects an unprecedented event to the millisecond. The document, which warns from its preamble that it does not seek to assign legal responsibilities but rather to learn from mistakes, reveals a chilling diagnosis: the blackout was the perfect storm caused by the rigidity of new technologies, manual ineffectiveness in the face of a millisecond crisis and an infrastructure incapable of keeping pace with the energy transition. The anatomy of collapse. To understand the ruling, you have to look south. According to the European report, at 12:03 p.m. on April 28 a local vibration was recorded of 0.63 Hz caused by instability in the electronic converters of renewable plants. Minutes later, at 12:19, the swing was amplified, affecting the entire continent. Technical research points to what could be defined as “operational blindness.” The report notes that much of the renewable generation in Spain operated under a “fixed power factor.” That is, the solar and wind plants were blind to the needs of the grid; they could not absorb reactive energy dynamically. When the voltage rose, these plants were simply taken offline for safety. When they stopped generating electricity, their reactive absorption also suddenly stopped, causing a rebound effect that triggered the voltage in an uncontrolled manner. Furthermore, while the crisis required millisecond reflexes, the control of reactances (the machines that absorb excess voltage) was carried out manually. Operators needed vital minutes to assess the situation. The blackout that could have been avoided. The European report not only acts as a notary for what failed, but also puts on the table what should have happened. By diving into the technical simulations of the ENTSO-E document, sector experts such as Joaquín Coronado have drawn a devastating conclusion: The collapse of the Spanish electrical system was not inevitable, but the result of ineffective management of voltage control by the System Operator (Red Eléctrica). The European analysis is blunt. In his simulation of sensitivity (named Analysis 7), the report concludes that if the connection of the reactances – such as the Caparacena shunt reactor at 400 kV – had been automated instead of depending on the slow human factor, the voltage rise would have been limited and the cascade effect avoided. In addition, ENTSO-E simulates alternative scenarios that show that electrical zero would have been stopped cold with measures that should already be operational: an increase in reactive power margins, the requirement that conventional generators absorb more voltage, or the use of the eight new synchronous capacitors that were already planned in the 2021-2026 planning. Without this automated reactive power reserve or dynamic support, the network was orphaned at the worst possible moment. The rescue from Gipuzkoa. The continental disaster was avoided thanks to Gipuzkoa. At 12:33, the high voltage substation in the Osinaga neighborhood of Hernani detected that the Spanish chaos threatened to drag down all of Europe. In milliseconds, the protection relay out-of-step (out of step) decapitated the connection with the French Argia substation. This “shot” left Spain in the dark, but it shielded the continental network. Barely ten minutes later, Hernani became the rescue route, allowing France to inject energy to resurrect the peninsular system from top to bottom (Top-Down). The structural problem of the market. The targeting of clean energy in the moments before the blackout has raised eyebrows, but the sector defends itself by pointing directly to regulatory inaction. In an interview for XatakaHéctor de Lama, technical director of UNEF (the photovoltaic employers’ association), is blunt: “A plant, no matter how large, cannot cause a blackout. Many other factors must come together.” De Lama explains that the current inverters installed in Spain meet very high European technical requirements, but places the structural problem on the roof of the Ministry (MITECO) and the CNMC for not financially incentivizing renewables to provide security services to the grid. “The current remuneration of €1/MVArh is not enough to encourage renewables to provide this service (voltage control) when we are paying combined cycle plants between 100 and 200 times more for the same thing,” details De Lama. The UNEF expert also recalls a historical administrative negligence that took its toll on us on April 28: while Portugal approved regulations to take advantage of the voltage control of its renewables in 2019, Spain took years to implement vital mechanisms such as Operation Procedure 7.4. We were playing with the rules of the past in the face of a crisis of the future. “A gold mine without a road.” This diagnosis fits with the voices of the industry. During the VI Economic Forum of elDiario.esPatxi Calleja, director of regulation at Iberdrola Spain, defined the national system as “a gold mine without a road.” We have enormous cheap generation capacity, but the electricity grid is the great limitation due to lack of investment compared to our European neighbors. And this green shield also has cracks. As we already analyzed in Xatakathe very high renewable penetration shields us from geopolitical crises (such as the increase in gas prices due to the war in Iran) during daylight hours, plummeting prices to zero. However, as soon as the sun goes down, the lack of mass battery storage sends us back to square one, leaving us at the mercy of combined cycles and fossil volatility. The war without quarter. While technicians analyze the ENTSO-E simulations that point to operational failures, a fierce battle is being waged in the offices. The president of Redeia (parent company of Red Eléctrica), Beatriz Corredor, has used the Brussels report in her appearances in the Senate to entrench herself … Read more

Predicting a drought six months in advance was a utopia. The UPV has achieved this with a system that uses AI

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In recent years drought episodes have intensified in some regions and fear of a global drought flies over the environment. In this scenario, a team of researchers from the Polytechnic University of Valencia have created a system that can predict whether there will be a drought six months in advance. The system. The work has been carried out by the team from the Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA) of the UPV and has been published in the journal Earth Systems and Environment. The method integrates predictions from four reference climate systems (ECMWF-SEAS5, Météo-France System8, DWD-GCF2.1 and CMCC-SPSv3.5) and are processed using artificial intelligence techniques. From this data, the team calculated two of the most important international drought indices (the Standardized Precipitation Index and the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index), using data windows of 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The method has been applied in the Júcar River basin, which usually goes through stages of recurrent and quite intense droughts. Why is it important. The novelty of this system is that it is not limited to using a single climate model or index, but rather it merges three pieces that are usually used separately and adds AI processing to correct biases and adapt the models to a regional scale. This allows the prediction to be more reliable since it does not depend on a single model. Furthermore, all of this has been integrated into an operational web toolintended to be used in water management and not only as an academic exercise. Results. The system is correct with a reliability of 90% when the prediction is made for that same month. If they want to obtain predictions three months in advance, the reliability is 60%, while for longer periods (12, 18 and 24 months) they do not give a percentage, but they affirm that the model is still useful for predicting what will happen up to six months in advance. Héctor Macián, co-author of the study, states that “The results confirm that the system is especially effective in reinforcing early warning of droughts, a fundamental aspect to anticipate management measures, reduce socioeconomic impacts and increase resilience to climate change.” Action window. As we said, the methodology has been developed in the Júcar river basin, which is a semi-arid area with long, dry and very hot summers, although researchers highlight that it is transferable to other drought-prone areas. Being able to foresee these episodes with up to six months of margin opens a window to implement the drought management plans much more in advance and thus be able to mitigate the effects. Image | UPV In Xataka | The remains of an ancient Mayan city leave us lessons for the future: an amazing system against drought

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