occurred

There is a graphic that explains the atrocity that has occurred in Grazalema. And it helps to understand why the people continue to be evicted.

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And that graph is Nahel Belgherzea meteorologist who covers extreme events throughout the world and who, despite being used to them, has described what has occurred in the mountains of Cádiz as “hydrologically absurd.” “Hydrologically absurd”? It is. Grazalema, according to available datahas received more than 2,000 mm of rain in the last 20 days alone. That is, more than a normal year of rain and we are at the beginning of February. It is not surprising that Spanish reservoirs accumulate 43,341 hm³ of water; that is, 5,634 hm³ more than last week. As of today, Spain is at an astonishing 77.34% of its total capacity. And, in fact, today, many reservoirs continue to drain before the arrival of more water. What do you see in the graph? The graph in question is very simple: it is the accumulated rainfall for the Grazalema station. On the Additionally, in gray, you can see the cumulates from other years. And, as you can see, the curve is almost vertical: it has rained unspeakably in a few days. Compared to normal years (when the river grows in spring and winter), there is now a totally enormous water boom. Something unprecedented. And, precisely that, is what is forcing CISC technicians to continue reviewing the Grazalema aquifer. While the City Council insists that the return of the residents will take place when a safe return can be “guaranteed”, researchers from the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME) they are still on the ground. The aquifer, a geological structure 18 square kilometers in size, has been put under enormous pressure and authorities are focused on ruling out the slightest risk of collapse before the town’s inhabitants can return. The Junta de Andalucía, in fact, has been warning for days that it can go for a long time. Image | Nahel Belgherze In Xataka | Desertification is devouring southern Spain: Extremadura and Murcia face a completely dry future

Europe is months away from registering a demographic milestone that has not occurred since the Black Death: it is literally shrinking

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In June the latest Eurostat data putting the EU median age at 44.7 years (and growing). The reading then seemed more or less clear. Europe’s demographic collapse was bringing it closer to an invisible threshold that was once unthinkable: the Middle Ages. 50 years old. Half a year later, the data has not improved. Historical contraction. Yes, Europe is heading towards a demographic turning point unprecedented since the black plague from the 14th century. After decades of sustained decline in birth rates, the population of the European Union will reach its maximum next year and it will start after a prolonged fallthe first of its kind in centuries. This is not a temporary adjustment, but rather a deep structural change that threatens to redefine the economy, the welfare state and the social balance of the continent. The alarm does not arise only from the total number of inhabitants, but from the aging speed and the thinning of the working-age population, on which the pension, health and care systems built over generations rest. Political panic and a race. counted the Washington Post that, given this panorama, governments of all ideological stripes have entered into a race against time to see if a combination of economic incentives, public policies and cultural messages can reverse (or at least stop) the decline in birth rates. In the Nordic countries, for decades exhibited as a model of conciliation and well-being, commissions of experts have been created to understand why their systems did not prevent the collapse of fertility. In France, the discourse has acquired a almost military tonewith calls for “demographic rearmament” after a drop of 18% in births in just ten years. In the east and south of the continent, especially in countries governed by nationalist forces, the response has been more direct: money, tax advantages and an explicit exaltation of the traditional family as a pillar of the nation. Incentives and results. Italy offers bonuses to working mothers with two or more children. Poland has increased notably the monthly transfers per child and has expanded tax breaks for large families. On paper, these policies seem compelling, even enviable from countries like the United States, where the cost of raising children is systematically cited as the main brake to birth. However, the European experience shows a repeated pattern: even the most ambitious programs barely succeed in slowing the decline, don’t invest it. The problem is not the lack of public effort, but the magnitude of the phenomenon they face. Hungary, the laboratory. No country better embodies the ambitions and limits of this strategy than Hungary. For more than a decade, the government has deployed a support system of a generosity comparable to that of Scandinavia, allocating around 5% of its GDP to family policies, a higher proportion than the United States dedicates to defense. The range of measures it’s wide: leave for grandparents, subsidized mortgages for young married couples, loans of up to $30,000 that become subsidies if the family has three or more children, and lifetime tax exemptions for women with three children, extended to mothers of two children under 40 starting next year. The message is clear: having children is not only desirable, it is a matter of national survival. Initial successes. They remembered in the post that for a time, the data seemed to prove this bet right. Hungary’s fertility rate went from one of the lowest levels in Europe to figures that suggested a sustained recovery. But the relief was short-lived. In recent years, the trend has been reversed and the country has practically returned to the European average. For some demographers, the program did not generate new births, but rather advanced decisions by those who were already planning to have children. Others point out that, although the impact on fertility is limited, the policies have coincided with an increase in marriage, a reduction in child poverty and greater female labor participation. The key question is whether these collateral benefits justify the enormous public spending. State limits. Beyond the checks and exemptions prosecutors, the decision to have children remains deeply personal and increasingly complex. The rise in housing prices, persistent inflation and job insecurity they weigh as much or more than any incentive. Added to this is a factor that is rarely recognized in the political debate: many of the drivers of the decline in birth rates are social advances that no one wants to reverse. Widespread access to contraception, decline in teen pregnancy, and increased education and career opportunities for women have transformed motherhood and fatherhood in a late choice, carefully calculated and, for many, expendable. Modernity as a trap. The fertility drop has spread so widely that many experts interpret it as a consequence inherent to modernity. Parenthood is delayed until one’s thirties, when one has achieved job and economic stability that comes later and later. Social media idealizes a life focused on the individual, travel, and personal freedom. dating apps multiply apparent options, but they make lasting commitment difficult. And a generation raised in small families has less daily contact with babies and children, fueling overly negative perceptions about the sacrifice involved in raising children. A politicized debate. Not everyone considers the population decline to be a tragedy. Some defend assuming it as a gradual transition towards more sustainable societies, questioning apocalyptic visions who talk about “demographic collapse.” In the long term, even in the most pessimistic scenarios, Europe would still have hundreds of millions of inhabitants. But these global figures hide a much more immediate structural problem: the imbalance between workers and retirees. In just a few decades, the ratio of people of working age to each elderly person will increase. will have drastically reducedputting under strain systems designed for a demographic pyramid that no longer exists. The fragility of immigration. For years, immigration has been presented as Europe’s demographic lifeline. However, this option is becomes more uncertain as fertility falls across almost the entire planet. Even countries that until now were large demographic reserves … Read more

The good news for Russia is that the earthquake occurred in a remote area. The bad is that he concentrated his nuclear submarines

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Yesterday we woke up with the news of A historical earthquake In an area of the planet that you had not heard in life. Makes sense, Kamchatka It is located at the easiest end of the Russian Eastern Eastern region, such an inhospitable place that has a “good” side of history: we had to tell human casualties in Russia. However, and due precisely to its geographical situation, that is where Moscow keeps part of Its nuclear arsenal. The epicenter of Russian underwater power. Yes, the Magnitude 8.8 earthquake who shook Kamchatka’s peninsula, one of the more powerful registered In modern history, he has put one of Russia’s most sensitive military facilities under the international focus: the naval bases of Avacha Bay. The movement, which generated tsunami waves in the Pacific and coincided with the eruption of the klyuchevskaya sopka volcanothere was only 100 kilometers from the heart of Russian nuclear deterrent power in the Far East. Although the Moscow authorities assure that There are no fatalities No serious damage, doubts revolve around the real state of Rybachiy, the main base of Russian strategic submarinesand from the Naval Complex of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Rybachiy: the bastion of nuclear deterrence. The Rybachiy base It houses the backbone of the underwater strategic fleet of Russia in the Pacific Ocean: The SSBN of the Borei and Borei-A classsuccessors of Ancient Deltacapable of carrying intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear heads. This installation, complemented by shipyards and missile load springs, represents a Central Piece of the Triad Russian nuclear, designed to guarantee the ability to retaliate in case of global conflict. In the area they also operate advanced attack submarines, like Yasen-M (indicated by the United States as one of the main threats under water), in addition to Oscar units and other submersibles of nuclear or conventional propulsion. The vulnerability of these assets in the face of extreme natural phenomena now generates serious unknowns. The Belgorod factor and the possesson weapon. To uncertainty is added the fact that Russia plans to move to Mysterious K-329 Belgorod To this same base. This submarine, the longest in the world, is a deep version Modified of the Oscar II class conceived to transport intercontinental nuclear torpedoes Poseidona strategic system also baptized as Status-6, designed to mock defenses and generate radioactive tsunamis. In addition, Belgorod is designed for underwater intelligence missions and undercover operations. The mere possibility that it would be in Avacha Bay during the earthquake The strategic interest of the natural catastrophe. Immediate technical risks and facilities. At the moment there is no clear evidence of damage to infrastructure or docked units. Bay’s own geography could have acted As a natural shield against the impact of the waves. However, they pointed out the Twz analysts that even minor variations of the sea level can cause critical problems: from submarines, violently hitting their ties (incidents known as Allision) until the entry of water in open gates or in ships subjected to maintenance. The robustness of the facilities, built with the hypothesis of an attack Nuclear in mind, reinforces the thesis that the damage has been limited, but does not completely eliminate uncertainty. The problem of concentrating a point. Beyond the punctual situation, the earthquake It exposes a structural dilemma: the risk of concentrating a substantial part of the Russian nuclear deterrence in a confined geographical enclave. The Avacha Baywith its shipyards, arsenals and strategic units, it constitutes a critical objective both from the military and natural point of view. The threat of an enemy attack was planned in design of the bases, but not that of a seismic phenomenon of historical magnitudescapable of questioning the safety of a key piece of the Russian nuclear triad. Strategic implications. In the background, the episode demonstrates how the stability of the world nuclear arsenal can depend on unpredictable natural factors. A single earthquake, in Second issueyou can compromise operability of strategic submarines whose function is to ensure the balance of nuclear terror. The fact that Kamchatka combines geological vulnerabilities With military assets In addition, the fragility inherent in global deterrence systems reveals. The international community, and especially the rival nuclear powers, will carefully observe the reports that emerge from Moscow, aware that nature, unlike strategic calculations, is impossible to deter. Image | Russian Ministry of Defense In Xataka | Iceland has a key Atlantic corridor for Russia. So the US has sent its first nuclear submarine In Xataka | A British nuclear submarine has discovered a Russian ship in front of its submarine cables. The second time in three months

A man has survived an accidental flight of 8,000 meters high. The video of the feat has cost him expensive: it occurred in China

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To get an idea, 8,000 meters high equals what is known as “Death” area In mountaineering, that point where the atmosphere is so thin that the human body cannot survive much time without supplementary oxygen. We talk about an altitude similar to CIMA DEL Mount Everest (8,848 meters), and higher than the usual flight of many small commercial aircraft (below commercials, of course, which usually operate between 10,000 to 12,000 meters). Well, a man has reached that altitude accidentally. Also He has survived And there is A video. An accidental feat. In architectural terms, those 8,000 meters high would be like stack Torres Burj Khalifathe highest skyscraper in the world with 828 meters, or place several times Mount Fuji one over another. At that point, temperatures fall to tens of degrees below zero, atmospheric pressure is reduced to less than a third of the sea level, and without specialized equipment, even breathing becomes a small miracle. And yet, what began as a simple equipment test ended in an odyssey at such a height for Peng Yujiang, a Chinese parapetist who, without pretending to really take off, was caught by a powerful ascending current in the Qilian mountain range. It started from about 3,000 meters of altitude and, in just twenty minutes, it was driven another 5,000 meters to the sky. With temperatures up to -35 ° Ccovered with ice and with frozen hands, Peng tried to maintain paragliding control and communicate by radio with his friend on land, Gu Zhimin. The man remained more than an hour In the air, he momentarily losing consciousness and landed 30 km beyond of your starting point. A feat, but not recognized. Although the Chinese authorities have recognized the survival of Peg As something exceptional“No one can be 8,000 meters without oxygen and remain alive,” They saidexpensive has come out: a hard sanction has fallen with six months of prohibition to fly for not having registered his flight, which placed him outside the legal framework. The video of the incident we see above, engraved by PEG and disseminated by GU in the social network Douyin, became viral, generating admiration between the public and criticism among the officials, who also punished Gu with Six months of disqualification for disseminating the material without permission. By the way, although some have suggested that Peng could have broken a world record, the authorities ruled out for the Lack of official registration of the flight. Parallelism with an identical accident. Peng’s story remembers that of the record established in 2007 by the German Ewa Wiśnierskawho was also absorbed by a thermal current while flying in Australia and reached no less than the 9,946 meters high. As Peng, Wiśnierska lost knowledge during his flight, although he survived and discovered the altitude reached by reviewing his instrumentation after landing. The difference is that this record was officially recognized, and that of Peng, however extremely it would be, will be relegated to the chronicle of what impossible But not certified. For the Annals, an involuntary, amazing feat … and punished, first in China for the dissemination of graphic material, and then not fitting on the bureaucratic margins of air sport. A true penalty for such a flight. Image | X In Xataka | The British army wanted to celebrate the day D unfolding its paratroopers in Normandy. French customs were waiting for them In Xataka | Jesús Calleja is already a history of Spanish space exploration: its launch is a success and has taken him to space

The only space launch of history without men occurred in 1963 in the USSR. Katy Perry will be in the second

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Singer Katy Perry will be one of the next six people to cross the space border aboard a Blue Origin rocket. He will do it in spring with five other women. Among them, Lauren Sánchez, the fiance of Jeff Bezos. A crew composed of women. The Blue Origin NS-31 mission It will be the first with an exclusively feminine crew. Organized by Lauren Sánchez to “inspire the coming generations,” he will take six notable women above the Kármán line, the border of the space to 100 kilometers above sea level. Katy Perry: Pop star with 143 million albums sold and more than 115,000 million views Lauren Sánchez: journalist, helicopter pilot and promised of Jeff Bezos, the owner of Blue Origin Gayle King: journalist, co -presenter of “CBS Mornings”, editor of Oprah Daily and presenter of Gayle King in The House Aisha Bowe: former NASA rocket scientist, Executive Director of Stempoard and founder of Lingo Amanda Nguyen: Research scientist in Bioastronautics, and future first Vietnamese woman to go to space Kerianne Flynn: produced the movie ‘Lilly’, which portrays the trajectory of Lilly Ledbetter, the activist who achieved the right salary law in the United States The second space flight without men. Only the Soviet Union had made a space launch without male crew. It was on June 16, 1963 aboard the Vostok 6 capsule. We refer to the historical flight of Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman who traveled to space. While Blue Origin’s NS-31 mission will be a 10-minute suborbital flight with six crew, Valentina Tereshkova flew alone and orbit the earth for almost three days, completing 48 laps around the planet. The United States did not send a woman to space, astronaut Sally Ride, until 1983. NS-31. The mission will take place in spring. Little New Shepard rocket of liquid hydrogen will take off from the Blue Origin facilities to the west of Texas. Then he will separate from the ship in which the six crew members will go, who will make a parabolic flight of a few minutes experiencing the ingatherness. This mission will be the eleventh manned flight of the New Shepard program. To date, the program has led 52 people above the Kármán line. On the last flight the Spanish television presenter Jesús Callejaas part of a mediaset and Amazon Prime Video documentary. And what Katy Perry says. The singer has shared the news On Instagram With the following message: “If you had told me that it would be part of the first female crew in space, I would have believed you. Nothing was above my imagination when I was a girl. Although we did not grow much, I never stopped looking at the wonderful and hopeful world.” “Hard work to live my life in that way yet, and I am more motivated than ever to be an example for my daughter that women should occupy space (intentional words game). That is why this opportunity is so incredible, so that I can teach the youngest and most vulnerable among us to reach the stars, literally and figuratively. I feel honored to be among this group diverse of heavenly sisters.” Images | Katy PerryBlue Origin In Xataka | The Calleja effect: Going to space is going from a great aspiration of humanity to a “Ryanair with rockets”

Floating solar energy seemed all advantages. Until someone has occurred to him if it is

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Earth is no longer the limit for solar energy. From The Acts of India until The Swiss Alps reservoirsgoing through more and more swamps in the Iberian Peninsula. Floating solar panels begin to cover all types of bodies of water with advantages that go beyond the generation of electricity, such as stop water evaporation in the areas most whipped by drought. The other effects of floating solar energy. Something we have less studied is how floating solar panels affect the ecosystem of some bodies of water, particularly small ponds and lagoons. A Recent Study of Cornell University It has analyzed the environmental consequences of covering these smaller bodies of water with floating solar energy and the conclusion is unexpected: they can significantly increase the emission of greenhouse gases of the organisms that inhabit the pond. The experiment. To carry out your research, scientists They installed photovoltaic panels on three experimental ponds In the Experimental Cornell Pond Facity. In total, they covered 70% of their surface. On the other hand, they left ponds exposed as control groups for the experiment. In this way, they managed to observe the changes and the evolution of the ponds in which they had installed floating solar energy by comparing them directly with other similar ponds without panels. The results. Although it was thought that floating solar energy has an environmental impact less than other energy sources, the results showed that it can generate counterproductive effects. Specifically, the researchers registered a significant increase in methane concentrations and carbon dioxide dissolved in the water, which raised greenhouse gas emissions of semi -covered ponds almost 27% compared to the unbreaking ponds Solar In addition, they observed a considerable decrease in the availability of dissolved oxygen, which can affect aquatic life and alter ecological processes such as decomposition and microbial activity. The conclusion. Although part of the gases were more slowly released due to the lower amount of water exposed to the sun, the largest concentration in the form of bubbles ended up increasing the total amount of emissions. These findings are especially relevant in the context of the energy transition, since many floating solar energy facilities are carried out in small lakes and ponds without taking into account how they affect the ecosystem. Here is the complicated part. If we compare the greenhouse gas emission trace per kilowatt generated time, floating solar energy remains more favorable than fossil fuel -based technologies. But the study shows that we still do not know very well how these rapid changes in the energy industry are affecting certain ecosystems. You have to continue investigating. Image | Cornell University In Xataka | Spain is ready for floating solar energy. Portugal has shown that the reservoirs take advantage of

The 17 deaths from the Eaton fire occurred in areas where the evacuation alert was delayed

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The 17 deaths in the Eaton fire occurred in an area where evacuation orders took hours to arrive Los Angeles County officials are calling for an independent review of emergency notification systems, after some residents argued that Earlier warnings could have saved livesas reported by NBC News. Within a half hour of the fire starting on a hillside in Eaton Canyon on the afternoon of Jan. 7, the phones of thousands of east Altadena residents rang with a warning from Los Angeles County: “BE CAREFUL.” Within 40 minutes, a dire alert followed: “LEAVE NOW.” But western Altadena neighborhoods didn’t see the same urgency, as evacuation orders didn’t come until the next morning, more than nine hours after the Eaton Fire began. By then it was too late. The 17 people who died in the wind-fed fire were west of Lake Avenue, a major corridor that crosses north and south through Altadena. Among them were an 83-year-old retired Lockheed Martin project manager, a 95-year-old actress in Old Hollywood and a 67-year-old wheelchair-using amputee who died with his adult son, who had cerebral palsy. Fifteen of the deaths occurred in an area where the first evacuation order was not sent until 3:25 a.m. on January 8; the other two occurred in an area where the order came at 5:42 a.m., according to a review of alerts as well as data compiled by the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner’s Office. They ask to review notification systems According to NBC News, the discrepancy between west and east Altadena is raising questions among local officials and residents about the timing of the emergency alerts, and whether earlier warnings could have saved lives. “There wasn’t much time to do anything, but our notification system should have been up and running long before they did it,” Altadena City Council member Connor Cipolla told the aforementioned media. “It’s obvious from the destruction. “It failed half of our city.”. On Tuesday, two Los Angeles County supervisors filed a motion calling for an independent review of emergency notification systems. As the county evaluates its response after any disaster, Los Angeles County Supervisor Kathryn Barger said Wednesday she wants to accelerate an analysis of the wildfires that have killed more than two dozen people and destroyed more than 15,000 structures throughout the region. “I know on the west side, the older part of Altadena, it’s a lot more concentrated, there’s a lot of houses,” Barger told NBC Los Angeles. “We need to find out what happened, but I know the fire was spreading fast”. He warned that the additional notifications may not have saved lives, but said “the victims of this disaster deserve our transparency and accountability.” His motion, which will be voted on at the county supervisors’ meeting next Tuesday, followed a Los Angeles Times report about delayed evacuation notices in the Eaton fire. In a statement, the county’s Joint Coordinated Information Center said it could not immediately comment on factors that may have led to the deaths in the fires, and that A thorough review “will take months because it will require reviewing and validating call histories from the fire.”interview first responders on scene, interview incident commanders, and search and review our 911 records, among other essential steps, including obtaining feedback from all relevant sources. That work may also require an outside entity to ensure the integrity of the investigation.” Evacuation order arrived at dawn Electronic alerts are one method of warning residents, but the county added it also uses door knocks, loudspeaker patrols that canvas neighborhoods and media coordination. Jill Fogel said none of that happened in her part of west Altadena. She was huddled with her two young children and her father on Olive Avenue on Jan. 8 when she received a text message after 3 a.m. from a close friend north of Altadena saying there were flames in his backyard. Fogel, 43, said he checked the Watch Duty app, which provides real-time updates taken from emergency crews’ radio transmissions, but there were no warnings that his neighborhood might have to evacuate. He then looked outside his rental home and saw flames. A few minutes later, he received an alert ordering an evacuation. He told his landlord and then his family got into a car and drove away. As they left the neighborhood, joining a stream of cars, Fogel said he saw no fire vehicles or police cars and heard no sirens. Fogel added that he realized the fire was moving very quickly in the hours before the evacuation order was issued. But he believes authorities should have sent alerts much sooner. “I thought it was strange that the flames were so close and we had not received a warning”Fogel commented. “I thought they would have warned us much sooner.” Joe Ten Eyck, former head of the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, said it can be difficult to get the timing of fire evacuation alerts right: If you issue them too soon, you risk mass panic, congested roads and more danger, but if you issue them too late, you run the risk of people being trapped in burning neighborhoods. Those decisions often must be made in an instant, Ten Eyck said, based on rapidly evolving conditions. Many of the victims of the Eaton fire were elderly and probably couldn’t evacuate quickly, added Cipolla, the city councilman. “In everyone’s defense, it was a rapidly spreading fire and a very fluid situation,” he said. “But when you consider that 17 people lost their lives, many of them disabled and elderly, it seems as if something went wrong.” More than two weeks after it started, the Eaton fire is 91% contained, firefighters said Wednesday, while the cause remains under investigation. Investigators have focused on a high-voltage electrical tower in Eaton Canyon as the potential source, as strong Santa Ana winds approaching 100 mph drove the flames toward Altadena and Pasadena. Keep reading:– Relatives of victims who died in the California fires tell their stories.– Rayuela School intends … Read more

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