modern

Modern tunneladoras are authentic monsters compared to those of 1950. The paradoxical is that they are equally slow

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Each person has His own Roman Empire. This is those five minutes a day that we dedicate to what we are passionate about, and topics such as Megaestructures either absurdly large tractors They can be that personal “Roman Empire.” Speaking of huge machinery, we have the tunneladoras. They are every time bigger and have more technologybut they are not advancing to the rhythm that, perhaps, we would need to Transform cities. Because after a few meteoric years, its speed seems to have stagnated. And … makes sense. Desperately slow beginning. The history Of the tunneladoras it is relatively recent, since it is a machinery that depended on the technological advances in machinery. Inspired by the cranial shell of Los Teredos, which are mollusks with jaws capable of drilling the wood of the ships, the French engineer Marc Isambard Brunel patented in 1818 the Tunnelador shield. It was a revolution and, literally, a shield: it was a cast iron structure that protected the miners while they chopped. As they progressed, the finished section was reinforced with bricks and advanced the shield by huge cats. It was still a manual work, but going protected with that shield and not “discovered” allowed to undertake works as complex as that of Támesis tunnel. And the problem is that this prototumer advanced to the rhythm of the work of the workers: one meter a day, more or less. Brunel’s shield. On the right side we see the operators picing and advance the shield from the rear while, from behind, another group is responsible for placing the supports Electricity does not improve things. In the development of the tunneladoras there were three key moments. The first was the idea of ​​the shield, the second the mechanization of the tool. Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth, different engineers tried Improve the formula of Brunel adding cutting devices to the head of the shield. Several ideas such as drills and cutting discs were tested that were mounted in their arms or on a frontal rotating plate. This mechanization was achieved thanks to pneumatic systems, steamed and, subsequently, electricity. It was clear that they were safer for operators thanks to that automation, but the drilling rate, although it had bent with respect to the manual rhythm, remained slow. The cities were hungry for Tunnels for your rail networks and channels, but the advance of steam machines was one to two meters a day … and the electricity advanced between two and five meters a day. The height is that they had reliability problems and the operators had to hold the tunnel in a traditional way. Mid a century to all fuse. In addition to the technical problems, the tunneladoras continued to have problems with the hard rock. The operators needed to resort to blasting, which made everything slower and more dangerous, but in the 50s, the American James S. Robbins was occurred Something that revolutionized the panorama: a rotating head that mixed the previous advances. The tunnelador of the Oahe dam was the First modern tunnel and had a rotating head that equipped drag cutters and disc. The tandem allowed working on tougher land continuously and, in addition, supposed the culmination of Brunel’s idea: the head perforated and the shield protected the operators who were placing the tunnel lining as the set advanced. It was also safer for these operators and the advances gave way to maximum speeds of about 200 meters a week, according to the land. The head of the tunnelador of Oahe, the first modern tunnelador Stagnation. In half a century, the speed had multiplied by ten at best, but the advances of the 21st century were by other paths. The machines continued to evolve and perfect the idea of ​​that hybrid robbins ‘morro’. They also became larger, efficient, safe and with automated systems when placing reinforcements. But despite all improvements, speed did not multiply as in past decades. He folded, but there is a problem: this speed is the theoretical one, not the real one. Jaws from the front of a double -shaped tunnelador ‘or’ The Boring Company arrives. There it enters Elon Musk on stage with his The Boring Company (An interesting game, since Boring Machine is “Boring Machine”, but it is also how the tunneladoras are known). The businessman had the Hyperloop project, which made sense to have a tunnel company company, and the objective was to drastically increase the excavation speed. Your goal? Get over The speed of 140 meters daily of a snail, 980 a week. PRUFROCK It is its great bet with, a promised speed of more than 1,600 meters per week and an objective of 80,000 meters per week. It is an objective that seems utopian, but its idea is that machines work without stopping to maintain or to install the coating. Instead of installing the traditional transport rails of coating segments, the machine is more autonomous and that rail installation time is eliminated to transport the segments of the tunnel coating. The idea of ​​The Boring Machine is to release the tunnelador, to start excavating uninterruptedly and returns to the surface. It is good, but in urban land and unstable land, it is more utopian It is really not novel because there are other machines that do it, but on soft land, working without coating can be dangerous. In current projects, such as Line 2 of the Lima Metro, the speed round 15 meters a day and everything has to do because the land is complex and urban. There are many factors to consider when talking about the speed of these machines, go. The pruffrock What if the race is no longer the speed? Leaving aside the objectives of The Boring Company, the problem may want faster machines when progress are being made in a more important area: safety. Because, although machines are now more capable and their speed It has increased slightly, that apparent stagnation can respond to a change in objective. The speed of the … Read more

The ‘Napier bones’ seem a dominoes, but they are the link between the abacus and the modern calculator

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The name of John Napier It may not sound to you anything, but I already tell you that, very possibly, it is a person who does not like you. Because what may sound to you is about Neperian logarithms than so many They brought us head in high school. It was Napier who first defined this function, but to “compensate”, he also gave life to what we can consider as the precursor of the Current calculator. Something called ‘Napier bones’ that looks like a dominoes, but that brought mathematical operations to more people. John Napier. This Scotsman were interested in many things. His family was more than settled and, as a good son of wealthy, he attended the University of Saint Andrews at age 13. It did not last long, but not because I would like to leave the studies, but because it went to others Universities of France, Italy or Flanders. Life living from Castillo in Castillo, where he gave free rein to several of his passions. A magician (but not of the numbers). Was a Protestant and considered A black wizard for its neighbors. He was also an ingenious guy. When the pigeons ate their grain, decided Spread wet seeds in alcohol through the field and, with ‘anesthetized’ pigeons and unable to fly, he dedicated himself to capture them. As always, and more when we talk about this type of stories with several centuries behind them, imagination and exaggeration do their job, but what is undeniable is that Napier liked solve problems. His greatest contribution is the one commented Mirifici Logarithmore Canonis Description in which he defined the current logarithms in 1614, but before and then I publish other treaties of the Mathematics field in which he explored how to simplify the calculation tasks. And not only theorized about them or impulse The comma in the decimals: created tools to solve those calculations more easily. The new abacus. Since we need to solve mathematical problems, humanity has sought ways to support tools. This is how the abacoseither The quipus with those who could do simple operations such as sums, subtraction and multiplications. With more complex mathematics, we had to go around the system, and Napier took off his new abacus, or a protocculator. Napier’s bones. In 1617, shortly before he died, the mathematician invented a manual tool focused on facilitating some more complex operations, such as multiplication and division, but also square roots. It was a set of rectangular rods in which the multiplication tables were recorded, in addition to a board with holes for the rods and with the figures of 1 to 9 arranged vertically on the left side. By placing these rods next to the others, multiplications and divisions operations were reduced to simple sums and subtraction, respectively. Originally, they were manufactured in metal or wood, especially, but these rods could also be built in ivory, and a complete game included 10 rods to represent the numbers from 0 to 9. That? Ok, as with mathematics, let’s see examples. One very simple is seen with multiplication, because we do not need to memorize the tables. If we want to know how much 2 x 6, we simply look for row 2 on the right and the rod that begins by 6 and we see what number is in the quadrant: 12. If we want to do an 8 x 8, we repeat the process and we see that we have a 64. If we do a more complex operation, such as 46785399 x 7, we place the rods corresponding to that number (the one that begins by 4, which begins by 6 and so on) next to each other from left to right and we look at the number that comes out in row 7, which is why we want to multiply. Now, from right to left, we are placing the numbers that appear together in the diagonal box: 327497793. Later mathematicians improved the system by creating a board with a 65º inclination that improved the visual identification of that formula, but the ‘Napier bones’ were a revolution when approaching that more complex mathematical calculation to people without higher studies. The only thing that had to be learned was the rule of multiplication and division with the board system. Variants were created, with circular format tablets A jewel. Dying in 1617, it is complicated that Napier saw the transcendence of his theoretical and practical work, but today his logarithmic foundations continue to be used, also the coma of the decimals, a lunar crater bears his name and that Neperian abacus is one of the jewels of the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid. It is not known who manufactured it, but it is a wooden case of a considerable size with 30 drawers in which the sheets of the two abacos designed by the mathematician are stored. One of them formed by 60 numbered rods built in bone and the second, called ‘Promptuario’, composed of 300 numbered and perforated wool chips to perform multiplications. The ‘promptuary’ of the man of Madrid And it’s like a Megachuletasince in the doors of the boxes are the first powers of the digit numbers, the coefficients of the first powers of the binomial and the numerical data of the regular polyhedra. Curious that calculators, apart from being objects with a specific purpose, have become some cases in authentic works of art. To tell the divisumma. Images | Maksim, Willy, Luis García, Kim Traynor, The Wub In Xataka | The “computer” of 2,000 years ago fascinates us for decades. A new study points out that it might have not served at all

Powder protein has become the star accessory of modern well -being. Nutritionists have something to say

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There is a silent ritual that is repeated every afternoon in gyms. Sudaded hands open the backpack compartment, they take out a boat with bright letters – vain, chocolate, cookies & cream -, they pour it into a Shakerthey stir hard and drink almost devotion. It is the protein milkshake, faithful companion of those who seek performance, muscle or simply the feeling of having fulfilled. The scene has become as common as mid -morning coffee or avocado toast. The powdered protein has gone from the industrial sacks of bodybuilders to the shelves of the supermarket, to the shop of the purchase of office workers, students and parents in a hurry. His promise is tempting: strength, health, body. Its form, practical. But … Is it really necessary for everyone? Is it helping us or, without realizing it, we are becoming dependent on this sweet taste dust and fast promises? To understand it, we have spoken with three nutritionists who know their benefits well as their risks. Because behind each milkshake, there is more than protein: there are decisions, habits and sometimes, a desperate desire to control the body. Powder protein: Miracle tool? Saray López, Nutritionist and personal coach, has been decisive: “I am totally in favor of its use, except intolerances, because it has no contraindications and can help reach daily protein requirements.” Instead, Jesús Guardioladietitian-nutritionist, has offered a more nuanced vision: “If we carry a balanced diet, we will not need any type of protein supplement to meet our needs.” His approach focuses on preventing supplementation from replacing a real diet. For its part, Nuria Estevesclinical nutritionist, goes beyond the functional and enters the symbolic: “It is not a priority in our food as we are sometimes tried to sell.” For her, the problem is how it is positioned in the market: as a kind of mandatory superfood, when in reality its utility is limited and very contextual. Is it for everyone? The three experts have agreed that dust protein can be beneficial in certain clinical or personal contexts. Saray López has accurately detailed it: people with eating disorders, older adults with chewing difficulties, cancer patients or sarcopenia, people in the stage of muscle gain or even workers who eat in front of the computer. In addition, Guardiola has highlighted its value as a “motivator” post -entry: taking the shake as a small reward can help create adherence to training. Now, who should avoid them? The Esteves nutritionist is overwhelming: “It can be a risk in people who do not have a good relationship with food, or who use it as a complete food substitute. We no longer talk about health, but about anxiety, rigidity and fear.” For his part, Jesús Guardiola has added people with renal pathologies to the list, who must have strict control over their protein intake. The dependence of the supplements. According to Nuria Esteves, there is a growing trend towards the use of supplements as part of the “fitness pack”: “The idea has spread that without supplements we are not doing well. And that can feed the obsession with the perfect body.” Jesús Guardiola also perceives this agency in practice: “Many people prioritize the shake before real food. But if you don’t have a structured diet, taking a shake will not do anything.” For him, order matters: first food, then – if necessary – the supplement. More is not better. The rise of powdered protein consumption has brought with it a series of errors. One of the most common, according to the three experts, is to take more protein than necessary, under the false belief that the more consummated, the better the results will be. However, the body has an absorption limit, and excess – beyond not providing benefits – can move other important nutrients. For his part, Jesús Guardiola has pointed out an especially common error: to think that, because it is a “fitness” product, it does not fat. “People believe that a protein smoothie have no calories or have very few, and it is not. It is one more food and provides energy, like any other, ”he has warned. It is also frequent risk behavior ”. Are all proteins the same? Spoiler: no. Not all powder proteins work the same. Jesús Guardiola He has clarified that we must individualize: “You cannot recommend one for all. It depends on the person, their tolerance and the moment of the day.” López has recommended serum protein (Whey) if there are no intolerances, due to its most complete amino acid profile. Casein, slow absorption, can be useful before sleeping. And vegetable proteins, such as pea or rice, are good options for vegans, provided they are well formulated. Besides, Esteves He has added an essential criterion: bioavailability and digestive tolerance. It is not just about taking protein, but how it processes it and absorbs the body. And the label? If you are among the options to start taking it, the three have agreed that it is important to read before mixing. Search for complete proteins, verify the real proportion of protein (at least 70-80%), avoid excessive artificial sweeteners and make sure the brand is reliable. Saray López has alerted about a hoax that many brands use: “Some trapped the aminogram by adding loose amino acids to lower the cost. That increases the nitrogen value, but not its nutritional value.” Neither bad nor miraculous. Nor is it essential. It can be useful if used with criteria, but does not replace a varied, adapted and healthy diet. As Nuria Esteves summarized: “The focus should always go towards a diet that respects and adapts to the context of each person.” Image | Pixahive Xataka | The “natural” alternative to Ozempic sounds very good and much cheaper than the medicine. The problem is to take it seriously

The modern plane to London that crashed in India shortly after taking off

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A Boeing 787 Dreamliner From Air India that covered the route between Ahmedabad and London Gatwick crashed shortly after takeoff this Thursday. According to Reutersin the device 242 people were traveling, and the authorities believe for the moment that more than 200 have lost their lives. Identification and rescue tasks continue on the ground, while an investigation has already been launched that could be extended for months. The accident has returned to Boeing in the focus of attentionin a context in which the company still drags the consequences of several delicate episodes, mainly Those related to your 737 Max Aircraft Family. A key model for Boeing, without mortal claims so far The 787 Dreamliner was one of Boeing’s biggest technological bets so far from the century. As the company itself saysentered service in 2011 with All Nippon Airwaysand since then it has accumulated more than 1,000 units delivered to airlines around the world. The model is present in the fleets of companies such as Qatar Airways, British Airways, Singapore Airlines or Air India, that operates about thirty units. Aviation Safety Network records indicate That until the AI171 flight accident, the Dreamline had not registered any mortal sinister in commercial operations. A trajectory that had reinforced its image as a modern, efficient and reliable aircraft For long -range routes. As Flightglobal points outbased on Cirium data, the plane involved was delivered to Air India in January 2014. Specifically, it had accumulated more than 41,000 flight hours and about 8,000 peeling and landing cycles, a figure within the usual for an apparatus of that age. The 787 marked a turning point in the way of manufacturing commercial airplanes. The American firm explains in A document about its innovation initiatives which is the first Boeing model designed from scratch with a structure mostly composed of composite materials, such as plastics reinforced with carbon fiber. This would allow you to save about 20 % of weight compared to traditional fuselages, which translates into lower fuel consumption and greater autonomy. One of the particularities of 787 Dreamline is that it can be equipped with Two types of enginesaccording to the choice of the airline: the General Electric Genx-1b or the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000. Both share several key features: high derivation ratios, lower fuel consumption, reduced emissions and advanced constructive technologies, such as the use of compound materials or 3D printed components. What is known until now of the accident Ai171 Air India flight took off from Sardar Vallebhbhai Patel International Ahmedabad at 13:39, local time, destined for London Gatwick. On board 242 people were traveling, including passengers and crew. Just a minute after takeoff, The plane signal was lost In flight tracking systems, when I had barely reached 190 meters altitude. According to the Indian Civil Aviation Authority, the plane reached an emergency call (may Day), But there was no subsequent response. The apparatus hit the residential area of ​​Meghani Nagar, in the west of the city, crashing against a building used as Residence for doctors. Images disseminated by the authorities They show the tail of the embedded plane in the structure of the property So far, the authorities have confirmed the recovery of at least 200 bodies and have transferred several injured to hospitals in the area. At first It was feared that there would be no survivorsbut later it was confirmed that at least one person had left the accident alive: a British citizen, According to disseminated information by local media like Hindustan Times Among the passengers were 169 Indian citizens, 53 British, seven Portuguese and a Canadian. Air India activated a Emergency Care Center and established an assistance team for families. Ahmedabad airport temporarily suspended its operations. Boeing answers while the questions grow Hours after the accident, Boeing issued an official statement in which he claimed to be in contact with Air India and have activated his technical assistance protocols. “We are in contact with Air India in relation to flight 171 and we are ready to provide support,” The company pointed out. He also expressed his condolences to the families of the victims and the personnel involved in emergency tasks. As we pointed out above, the American manufacturer had not registered any mortal sinister with the 787 model in commercial operations. However, the accident occurs in a Delicated moment for Boeingwhich remains under the scrutiny of regulatory organizations and the sector itself by a series of incidents linked to other production lines, especially that of 737 Max. Between 2018 and 2019, two fatal accidents of that model (Indonesia and Ethiopia) caused the death of 346 people and forced the global immobilization of the entire Max fleet. More recently, in January 2024, A door cap (door plug) It was released in full flight in a 737 Max 9 operated by Alaska Airlines, which revived the questions about manufacturing quality and internal supervision protocols of the firm. It is still too early to know what happened exactly with flight AI171. Investigations on accidents of this type require time, technical analysis and International cooperation. For now, there are no sufficient indications to attribute responsibilities either to the airline or the manufacturer. The analysis of the black boxes will be decisive to understand what happened on board in the last minutes. Until then, any conclusion would be premature. Images | Daniel Eledut | City of North Charleston | Edward Russell | H. Michael Miley (CC By-SA 2.0) | CISF Eb xataka | Otto wants to break molds with the Phantom 3500: Goodbye to the windows for passengers, hello to the immersive screens

China has built the most elegant economic power lever in modern history: rare earths

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He Rare Earth Agreement announced last night says more than what appears to be a simple commercial truce: China has the most sophisticated geopolitical weapon we have seen. One that is capable of paralyzing entire sectors of any developed economy. And with the elegance of who closes a tap. China controls the entire ecosystem of Rare earth: The Ganzhou mines. Processing plants. He know-how technical. Specialized labor. Even the only American Mountain Pass mine Send your material to China to refine it. It is the same difference between having oil and controlling the refineries of the world. China has built a monopoly on elements that are the blood of the digital economy: Without neodymium there are no wind turbines. No Disposio there are no Tesla engines. Without Terbio there are no iPhone screens. Deng Xiaoping He saw it in 1992: “Middle East has oil. China has rare earths.” Three decades later, That prophecy is a reality and a definition of the present. And the interesting thing is that West has financed its own vulnerability. For decades, US and European companies outsourced the extraction and processing of “dirty” minerals to China, celebrating the margins that gave them that specialization. That dependence has had a strategic cost. And now… The same companies that built the supply chains to maximize their efficiency now discover that they also optimized their vulnerability. And China executes in a way we could call “civilized blackmail“. It does not close the whole tap, but it does slow down the supply with bureaucracy. Ask for forms, photos of the factories, customer listings, production details. That, in addition to a bureaucratic nuisance, is also to open a window to the industrial secrets of its competitors. Industrial espionage, but institutionalized, disguised as commercial policy. You take it or leave it. When he negotiates, he does it from a position of strength. The agreement, of only six months, works as a constant reminder. Each western company now knows that its production depends on Chinese benevolence. And if a geopolitical escalation of any kind arises, the industrial blackout can be almost instantaneous. The West now discovers that economic interdependence can become a lethal weapon, because China has shown that in the technological era, who controls critical materials controls the rules. The agreement last night postpones the moment in which the West will have to decide if he is willing to pay the price (economic and strategic) to recover his mineral sovereignty. China has won this pulse and has plenty of strength to win all the following. In Xataka | China monopolizes rare earths. An enemy has come out of home: the smuggers Outstanding image | Wikimedia Commons

Modern oil did not invent anything. China already extracted natural gas 2,000 years ago and transported it by bamboo pipes

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Possibly, many consider that oil industry And modern gas, with its platforms, deep wells, pumping systems and distribution networks, is a creation of the nineteenth century onwards, one associated with Western industrialization. And although they are not entirely wrong, the truth is that there was already a nation that had developed techniques for drilling, extraction and transporting energy resources with a simply amazing level of sophistication. That nation was China, and he did it a thousand years before Edwin Drake will pierce the first commercial oil well in 1859. Before the crude. As we said, although the collective imaginary places the beginning of the exploitation of hydrocarbons in the industrial revolution From the nineteenth century, history shows that ancient civilizations had already developed surprisingly advanced techniques of energy extraction. In fact, in the Chinese province of Sichuan, more than one millennium before the first commercial wells in the United States or Russia, entire communities already They pierced the earth To get brine And, later, natural gas. The salt searchvital for food conservation and human nutrition, led Chinese engineers to devise sophisticated Performant drilling systemsoperated with bamboo towers, pulleys, jump platforms and specialized metal tools that remember, in many ways, those used in the modern oil industry. Challenging your time. The wells, initiated during the PERIOD OF THE COMBATING KINGDOMS (480–221 AC), reached depths of up to 250 meters already in the Tang dynastyand exceeded the kilometer in the nineteenth century, long before the West even dreamed of such achievements. For each phase of the process they were used Different Broks (Fish tail, silver or horseshoe ingot) adapted to the type of rock. I also know They developed solutions for problems such as broken bits or collapsed wells, using ingenious technologies such as elongated bamboo tubes With fin valves, hydraulic cements based on Tung oil, and shutter with expanded straw. Then, around 1050, the introduction of flexible bamboo cables It allowed to achieve greater depths and simplify the operations a little more. By 1835, the Shenghai well reached officially The 1,000 meters deepa milestone in the world. From the byproduct to the energy treasure. Everything changed at a given time. During drilling in search of brine, workers began to run into Natural gas bagsinitially seen as dangerous or useless. But over time, that gas (mainly methane, often mixed with hydrogen sulphide) was recognized as energy resource and used for lighting, heating and, above all, to feed the boilers that evaporated the brine. This transition became crucial when deforestation prevented continuing to use firewood. The need promoted the invention of the call Drum Kang Penwhich allowed to extract and separate simultaneously gas and brine, and early carburetor that mixed gas with air to achieve more efficient combustion. In turn, the old perforators also included geology rudiments, placing gas wells in high areas and brine in valleys, according to the formation of underground bags. Industrial Network Without Pare. Over the centuries, the region was filled with bamboo towers, merchant ships and an infrastructure that included hundreds of kilometers of pipes Bamboo built completely. Far from being rudimentary, those pipes were precisely sealed by tung oil cement and braided rope, which made them surprisingly stagnant and durable. To get an idea, in the 1950s they were still operational More than 95 km of these conductions. A complex system that transformed Zigong and other cities into industrial, commercial and cultural centers. The operation was so extensive that it required uninterrupted shifts and written legal contracts (some of the first in the history of China) to distribute tasks and resources. Historical and legacy. The scale and sophistication of the Sichuan gas field eclipsed other premodern operations in Europe or Central Asia, such as those of Naples or Bakú. Beyond the volume produced, the most notable was the continuity and efficiency of the system itself. Even today, the region produces some 30,000 million cubic meters of gas annually, in many cases from perforated wells centuries ago. However, the work is still dangerous: in 2003, an explosion of gas near Chongqing He killed 233 people and left 9,000 intoxicatedbut the accumulated experience over almost 2,000 years avoided a major catastrophe. That technical and human legacy is, in fact, honest in the Shanxi Salt Museumwhere original tools and detailed models are preserved that document an industrial feat advanced to their time by millennia. If you want too, the Sichuan history Not only does it rewrite the origins of oil and gas in a certain way: redefine what we consider possible in ancient civilizations. Image | Thomas dependb, CSEG In Xataka | In its effort to extract oil, China is beating records: it has drilled a well -deep well In Xataka | 2025, a raw year: the sanctions to the Russian ships and the tension with China are raising the price of oil

Modern algorithms decide for us to see. YouTube is the last redoubt where the algorithm does not choose for you

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The 2025 Internet is dominated by algorithms that seem to know each other better than ourselves. They were only missing Chatbots with memory than adding to your ability to read between the lines. In this scenario, YouTube is increasingly a beautiful anomaly. While Tiktok, Instagram or X drag us from one subject to another according to the whims of a system that optimizes engagement Pure, Google’s video platform maintains almost anachronistic respect for our choices. It is the last redoubt where what we are looking for still matters more than what makes us react. The difference is in Its algorithmic architecture. YouTube recommends mainly within the thematic ecosystems that we have already chosen. Tiktok, on the other hand, can launch us from vegan recipes to conspiracy theories at a time if that keeps our thumbs sliding. This thematic verticality It is not altruism, it is part of its business model: You need to maintain long sessions within specific issues, where segmented ads have greater value. Only its consequence is positive for the user. Or at least more positive than the rest. The best way to understand what makes YouTube different is to live it as a user. When I am looking for videos of Valencia, the algorithm keeps me in that world: post-part interviews, gatherings, montages of the best goals of the season and usually memories of a better past. It does not suddenly jump to polarizing politics or drag me to incendiary content it happens to provoke my outrage. YouTube respects the thematic ecosystem that I choose. Amplify our searches, do not try to manipulate us better. The user experience reinforces this sense of control: A prominent search bar. Channels to subscribe. Lists we actively build. A history that we can manage. They are vestiges of an internet where we sailed with purpose, not where we were navigated. It is also fair to indicate that YouTube belongs to Google, one of the great architects of the current algorithmic Internet. It is not immune to problems – the clickbait it blooms and its own attempts with YouTube Shorts They show that it is not above the market. However, it maintains a different balance. And the question is obvious: if this more balanced model works for the world’s largest video platform, why do the rest of the industry opt for systems that virtually annul our agency? YouTube also has serious problems. Their Rabbit Holes (Something like ‘Backgroundless wells’) They can take us on paths cobbled by radicalization. Its monetization system favors the extension and recurrence of quality. We are not facing a hero, but before a survivor who has found a niche where he prosper without completely eliminating our autonomy. In the end this this chronology of the evolution of the Internet. The web (yesterday Gloria, today survival) was originally a space where we chose our destinations. Today algorithms decide for us. YouTube retains vestiges of the previous model while adapting to the new one, becoming a kind of “Internet inside the Internet.” This “limited algorithmic autonomy” allows something not only good, but almost sacred: predictability. We can anticipate what we will find, creating a more satisfactory experience. It also allows the fragmentation of communities focused on specific interests, without forcing that everything competes in a single Feed homogenized, which is The great evil of the current X and the perennial identity of Tiktok. YouTube is not perfect – no one is – but it makes us question if we can design platforms that serve users who want to enjoy healthy, without being hooked or dragged where they do not want, and not just advertisers. YouTube, with all its contradictions, is a sign that an intermediate path is possible. Where there is some algorithmic manipulation (it is the market, friend), but that coexist with the total user agency. In Xataka | Podcasts are living their great revolution, but not in Spotify or Apple Podcasts: YouTube is winning the game Outstanding image | Xataka with Mockuuuups Studio

This is the modern tank plane that promises to change the rules of the game in the air

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When it comes to carrying prolonged air missions, tank aircraft are essential. Thanks to them, the fighters and other aircraft can remain in the air longer and complete their objectives without interruptions. With the arrival of the first Airbus A330 MRTThe Air and Space Army It is now better prepared for this type of scenarios. The European manufacturer has delivered the first of the three units planned this Friday at its Getafe facilities (Madrid), where the conversion line is located. As we can see, it is not a plane built from scratch for this, but an aircraft that, like the remaining two still pending, was part of the commercial fleet of Iberia. A little over three years ago, the Spanish airline and Iberia and the Ministry of Defense They signed an agreement To transfer three Airbus A330 destined to be converted into cistern airplanes for the Air and Space Army. The initial calendar pointed to a delivery in 2023, but the conversion process accumulated delays and now when we began to see the results. Of transporting passengers to repost fighters The agreement with Iberia was not limited to the assignment of airplanes: it also contemplated, among other things, the formation of pilots, crews and technical personnel, in addition to continued maintenance during a given period. The instruction focused on members of wing 45, based on Torrejón, which will be the fate of this first unit and the remaining two. María Ángeles Martí, responsible for transport, mission and replacement aircraft programs of Airbus Defense and Space, defined the aircraft as “THE BEST REPEACHING APPROVAL IN THE WORLD“For her part, the Secretary of State for Defense, Amparo Valcarce, stressed that her incorporation is” a contribution to the European Pillar of Defense. “ The model received by the Air and Space Army is equipped with a flight refueling system through hose and basket. To this are added pioneer advances such as the Fly-By-Wire control for the refueling pole and a high-resolution 2D/3D digital system that significantly improves the visibility of the operators during the maneuver. According to Airbusthe A330 MRTT has been designed to carry out replenishment missions in flight of E-3, F-16, F-15, C-17, F-35A, E-7A, A-10C, F-22, P-8A, B-1B, B-2A and B-52H models through the rigid pole system; and of the F-18 models, Tornado, Rafale, M2000, F-35b, Eurofighter TyphoonAV-8B and JAS 39 through hose and basket. The fleet of air arm aircraft of the Spanish Armed Forces is currently composed of the Eurofighter Typhoon and the McDonnell Douglas F-18 Hornet. It is expected that in the coming years New Eurofighter is incorporatedalthough it still is not clear if it will also end up betting on the acquisition of US fighters F-35. The A330 MRTT not only stands out as a cistern plane, with a range of up to 16,000 kilometers and capacity to transport 111 tons of fuel. You can also operate as a transport plane, with space for 300 soldiers or up to 45 tons of payload, and even as a medical evacuation platform equipped with stretchers and stations of intensive cities. It should be noted that Spain is not the only nation that operates the A330 MRTT. This replenishment is present in 15 countries. It has been commissioned by Australia, France, the NATO multinational fleet (MMF), Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Spain and Canada. In total, 82 units have been sold. Before their definitive conversion, the A330 in the hands of the Air and Space Army have already demonstrated their usefulness in key transport missions, since Evacuations in Niger and Sudan even maneuvers like Pacific Skies 2024. Now, those same units are in the process of transformation in Getafe to become MRTT tank aircraft. Images | Airbus | Air Force In Xataka | Boeing, in the line of fire of the tariff war: Airbus is emerging as the winner of the pulse between China and the USA

The United States created modern globalization. Now he has become his main devastating

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The world never changes from one day to another, but Sometimes there are inflection points that we only recognize in retrospective. The fall of the wall in 1989, the collapse of Bretton Woods in 1971 or the crisis of Lehman Brothers in 2008 marked the end of one era and the beginning of another. Today we are facing a moment, very possibly, similar. The phrase of British politician Darren Jones, “globalization as we have known during the last decades has come to an end,” collected by Newsweekmay sound reactionary exaggeration to Trump’s tariffs, but it is not. We are in something that goes beyond a commercial war. It is the decline of an economic order that has supported world prosperity for three decades. Tara Zahra explains it in The New York Times: It is a moment that reminds the collapse of the first era of globalization after 1913, when the value of global exports went from 14% to 6% of the world economy. The United States was the main architect of this system, but has become his great devastating. The country that was leveled in the virtues of free trade to grow now applies The same base tariff both to its democratic allies and to regimes and the Taliban. In fact we have higher tariffs in the European Union than in North Korea. It is not only the capricious policy of a single president, but the final demonstration of a long process. As Zahra documented, the notice arrived in 1999 with those anti -globalization protests in Seattle that had their replica in various parts of the world. In our case it was In Barcelona. Tens of thousands of protesters against the WTO. That intensified with the 2008 crisis and the pandemic completed this cycle: our supply chains were more fragile than we thought. The world was already fragmenting before Trump’s return to the White House. The alarming thing is what happens on the other side of the Pacific. China is not regretting for anything or waiting for better times with stoic resignationbut is actively building its own independent economic sphere. The case of Huawei It is exemplary: it does not build bridges, cava trenches. Its strategy is no longer going to compete, but to create its own parallel and self -sufficient ecosystem. Beijing in the meantime has been preparing his countermeasures to Trump’s tariffs, from the climbs to his own to the prohibition of American films. They are not only defensive responses, but the steps of a long -term strategy to reduce its exposure and dependence on the West. Beijing creates its technological ecosystems, but also financial and commercial. Within our possibilities, In the EU we are also looking for the box of the strips. Begin An era of independent islands. There are changes that can be reversed when Trump leaves the position and the following arrives, but others will be permanent. Once broken, trust is not easily restored. What happened to Huawei and others in 2019 was A lesson engraved on fire: The dependence of any market (especially the American) is a vulnerability. Praness Narayanan, from the London Public Policy Research Institute, explains it in NBC: “The decisions that make (companies) following this will remodel global trade.” The result will be a more fragmented global system, more redundant and, paradoxically, less efficient that the one that has emerged from globalization. Aurélien Saussay, from the London School of Economics, anticipates That the price to be paid for this “dysglobization” will be transferred to consumers in the form of higher prices and lower supply variety. Many of the pieces that have built the imperfect framework that has given the greatest global prosperity in history are being undone. Just now that AI, climate change and demographic complications should demand more cooperation, no less. The pendulum again oscillate to closed borders and autarchiesto some extent. China wants to be self -sufficient, the United States seeks something similar and the EU, which was to other things, Start wondering what you have left to protect. Now it remains to know what will happen in the future: not if globalization can be saved – it seems very difficult to undo certain steps – but what we will build on their remains. In Xataka | There is a clear winner with the 25% tariffs to the car: it is called byd and represents everything that China has to win Outstanding image | Xataka

The director of an MCU classic and some modern horror successes signs the best premiere in the history of Apple TV+

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We have spoken on more than one occasion of the Bandazos that has been giving Apple in his purpose of becoming a Major Hollywood. Great failures with high pretensions, such as ‘Napoleon’, ‘Argylle’ or ‘The Moon Killer’ have ended up making the company reduce their claims. Strategy that will be possible redoubled when they check that a much more effective film than all those but less ambitious, such as’The secret abyss‘(terrible Spanish title for’ The Gorge ‘) has beaten Records on the platform. Indeed, this film about a couple of confrontated sides snipers that have the mission of monitoring the two ends of a kilometer pit whose dangerous content is unaware It has been number 1 in 99 of the countries to which the Apple platform reachesand it is not difficult to understand why. The always powerful visual finish of Apple’s films (even those destined to go directly to streaming) It is perfect for a movie with star cast (Miles Teller, Anya Taylor-Joy and Sigourney Weaver), who join a director with their own vision. This is Scott Derrickson, who was associated with Marvel with ‘Doctor Strange’ and that signed some very interesting successful horror films, such as ‘The exorcism of Emily Rose’, ‘Sinister’, ‘Líbolos del Evil’ or ‘Black Phone’. To him is due to the turn of how sinister the film visually gives in its second half, a break that has been discussed by the flying with respect to the most suggestive start of this proposal. Because there, without a doubt, is where the best of this Apple production is: when the two protagonists get to know (dance to the sound of the ramones included) and how intimacy is emerging between them, something that is very well told and that ends up being the most memorable of the set, above the inevitable festival of fireworks of the second half. In any case, a sinister and action epic to which it is worth approaching to corroborate that it is not necessary not to look at the whole of Apple’s proposals. Header | Apple TV+ In Xataka | Back ‘separation’ to Apple TV+. His tortuous production for three years predicts bad times for author series

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