Latin

Thousands of Latin Americans have entered Europe with a formula that Italy has just suppressed: the great -grandparents

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A fact to place the measure taken by the Italian government in context. Only in 2024, the figure of new Italian citizens who registered through the consulates of Argentina and Brazil registered 30,000 and 20,000 cases respectively. The majority did it in the way that is being done for decades and that has allowed it to emigrate hundreds of thousands of people from South America to Europe: by the ancestry of blood. Italy just put the formula. Restrict citizens. The European nation has decided to considerably cut citizens by ancestry (Jus Sanguinis), limiting it exclusively to those who have Italian parents or grandparentsthus eliminating the possibility that for decades allowed distant descendants, even fourth or fifth generation, obtaining it if they could try an Italian ancestor alive after 1861. The decision, announced by the Giorgia Meloni government and Executed immediately Without prior notice, it seeks to stop the institutional collapse generated by the Application floodmostly from South America, where millions of people with Italian roots have tried to access a European passport. According to Antonio TajaniForeign Minister, the measure responds to “years of abuse”, since many applicants do not have real links with Italy and seek citizens only to facilitate international mobility. Prove to be bilingual. Apparently, the measure also forces applicants to demonstrate Italian language mastery through an official exam, having resided at least Three years in Italyand undergo a centralized process with face -to -face interviews, eliminating traditional management through consulates. Plus: They must comply with obligations such as voting, paying taxes and renewing documents so as not to lose nationality. In addition, the transmission of citizenship by marriage hardens, demanding two years of joint residence in Italy, while the application cost is has doubled at 600 euros. On the other hand, the Italians who reside outside and do not comply with these obligations run the risk of losing their citizenship, which even affects their descendants. Saturated system, millionaire business. Of course, there is much more behind the measure. As The New York Times saidthe problem is not only numerical: in the last decade, the number of Italians residing abroad grew by 40%, from 4.6 million in 2014 to 6.4 million in 2024mainly for the granting of new citizenships. In 2024 and as we advanced, only in Argentina 30,000 citizenships were granted, and in Brazil, another 20,000. No doubt, the avalanche has overflowed courts, civil records and consulates, where the Quotes at dawn To achieve a turn. In addition, a lucrative parallel business has been generated where companies and managers charge thousands of euros to applicants to track documents and submit requests, taking advantage of a law that, according to Tajani, “became an opportunity for simulated fraud and citizenship.” The ethical (and political) dilemma. The measure has generated debate even within the Italian right itself. While nationalist sectors support to restrict access to prevent citizenship from being seen only as a means of obtaining a passport, others criticize that, while nationality is granted to distant descendants, children of immigrants continue to be denied born and raised in Italywho can only aspire to it when they turn 18 and under strict conditions. Plus: Italy faces a problem that reproduces more and more nations. We talk about the serious demographic crisiswith low birth and population aging, but it has still chosen to restrict, instead of flexible, its citizenship policy. Legal changes and hardening. The reform is not isolated. Since October 2024, the Ministry of Interior had already begun to Limit applications After a stricter interpretation of the Supreme Court in which he cut the chain of citizenship transmission if an ancestor had naturalized in another country while their children were minors, leaving thousands of applicants without options after years of investment and procedures. The new decision has caused frustration among those who had been collecting documents for years and managing files, an anger that has been reflected In forums and social networks where testimonies abound about the great sums of money and time lost. They counted on CNN The case of many families traveling to Italy from South America to initiate the citizenship process and who are now without legal support after having sold properties and reorganized their lives following the previous regulations. If you want also, the reform thus deepens the distance between Italy that protects its symbolic bond with emigrants from past generations and the one that still does not fully integrate those who are already part of their current society. Image | Pexels In Xataka | Passports that open more doors worldwide, explained in a detailed graphic In Xataka | All the steps to request the “grandson law”: the process to obtain Spanish nationality if you are Argentine

Chile asked Chatgpt about their culture. The answer was so loose that Latin America has joined to create LATAM-GPT

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Observe the development of Generative It is most curious. In the United States they are large technological, and startups such as OpenAIthose who have marked the rhythm. In China, companies are also developing their modelsbut the government has a particular interest in Push this technology For technological purposes, of course, but also social and doctors. And now Latin America has joined to create its own Chatgpt. It will be called LATAM-GPT And the motivation to create this model is curious: a Chilean center did not convince a chatgpt response on Latin American culture. The question. “Describe Latin American culture in 500 characters.” That was, how we read in BBCthe request of some researchers from the National Artificial Intelligence Center -Cenia- from Chile to Chatgpt. His answer It was the following: “Latin American culture is a vibrant amalgam of indigenous roots, African influences and European heritage. It is characterized by its rich diversity in music, dance and gastronomy, reflected in festivals such as carnival and the Flower Fair. Its art, from muralism to literature, shows a deep connection with the history and local identity. The warmth, the sense of community and the celebration of community. pillars that enrich this dynamic and diverse culture. ” I have to say that I just asked for it and the answer is different, but pivot over the same points, such as the fusion of indigenous, African and European inheritances, the taste for music and dance, colorful gastronomy and traditions such as carnival to give rise to a colorful cultural mosaic. LATAM-GPT. This response did not satisfy CENIA researchers, who considered that, although it is a Llm Of great quality, “his understanding of the Latin American context could be enriched and perfected.” Come on, they are convinced that the answer, although correct in broad strokes, needs to qualify a lot to better reflect the peculiarities of the culture of each Latin American country because Chatgpt gave an answer too … Generalist. And that response for the region user will be LATAM-GPT. The intention is to be a Language model of and for Latin America and the Caribbean. The desire is that it addresses the common problems that language models have when interpreting idioms, cultural references and typical expressions of the Latin American context. Álvaro Soto, director of Cenia, states that US models hallucinate because Latin American data with which they have been trained are very scarce. “We do not seek to compete with Openai or one of the giants. We want an own model of Latin America and the Caribbean, with the cultural requirements and challenges that implies” – Cenia Goals. It is triple. On the one hand, what we have just mentioned: that it has a greater context when addressing issues related to the culture of each of the Latin American countries. On the other, that is open and public, allowing each developer to adapt applications to local needs in areas such as education, politics, economy or the environment. Finally, perhaps the most important for something that countries in the region are looking for: stop depending on foreign models and technologies. Mexico, for example, has put on the table the intention of carrying out different projects within a great umbrella called Plan Mexico which seeks to enhance the sovereignty of the nation in several matters, being the technological one -with its own semiconductor industry or of electric vehicles– One of its legs. Financing. With Latam-GPT, it also seeks to promote technological innovation of the region thanks to a tool that can help others seek to develop their potential. But of course, carrying out something like that requires money, and it is something that is not going to be left only in the Cenia. Chile has postulated as the leader of the project, but countries such as Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Uruguay, Costa Rica or Ecuador have not taken long to join. There are also Spanish and American institutions on this ship. It has financial support from associations and academic institutions of these countries, but there is also government support to develop this artificial intelligence. Several countries are immersed in Latam-GPT Resources. For training, researchers will use the infrastructure of the University of Tarapacá, in Chile. It will use a super -tank to train the model with more than 8 TB of data collected from public and private libraries. That training will take about 40 days and it is expected that, for summer of this 2025, LATAM-GPT can be accessed. Investment in infrastructure will be about 10 million dollars. Now, one of the problems can be the consumption of the training center. We have already seen in Spain that Not everyone looks good the installation of Data centers To train AI due to high consumption of both water and energy, but from CENIA they expose that consumption in the first of the two stages will be 135 kWh. The University of Tarapacá is in Aricato northern Chile, where there are A great energy matrix composed of renewables and the idea is to ‘throw’ of them to supply electricity. In addition, from the agency they comment that “the cooling system – of the servers – will not generate water consumption due to the availability of cheap and abundant energy in Arica. CO₂ emissions associated with training will be 0.96 tons.” Necessary? This would be, if the accounts are correct, that the training of this LLM will be more ecological than that of Google or OpenAi models, but there are some challenges ahead. One has to do with the protection of data they use to train the model. The researchers affirm that the main policy for the shelter of intellectual property will be transparency, with open sources that comply with the copyright laws And, at the same time, make automatisms of Anonymization of personal data. On the other hand, there are those who ask that all this … for what. Ulysses Mejías, of Mexican origin, is a professor at the State University of New York and has … Read more

How Latin America countries are reacting to deportations from the US

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Image source, Getty images Photo foot, Trump said that one of his government’s spotlights would be migration and, specifically, deportation of people who were in the country illegally. Article information Author, Drafting Author’s title, BBC News World January 27, 2025 Donald Trump has already announced in his electoral campaign: one of the central objectives of his new government would be to close the borders of the United States and carry out the “greater deportation” of migrants in the history of that country. Just a week after having returned to the White House, the new president has started the mass deportations of undocumented migrants. On Friday, the White House Secretary, Karoline Leavitt, published photos in which migrants were seen addressing military aircraft for deportation flights this weekend. Precisely Colombia’s initial refusal to receive these flights generated an impasse between the two countries that was solved within a few hours. There are already several Latin American countries that have received these flights. But reactions in the region have varied from reluctance, criticism, opening or collaboration with binational agreements. Colombia: Agreement after a Impasse While at first the president, Gustavo Petro, refused to receive two military aircraft with Colombians deported from the United States, the idea of ​​an escalation in a commercial war between the two countries caused this decision to be reversed. In addition to the initial increase of 25% of tariffs on “all Colombian goods entering the United States, Trump had said that in a week that rate would increase up to 50%. In response to these measures, Petro announced in his X account a similar increase in tariffs on products imported to Colombia from the United States. Petro’s argument to refuse this repatriation were the conditions and, specifically, that the return was made in military and non -civil aircraft. “The United States cannot treat Colombian migrants as criminals,” Petro wrote in his X account. The president claimed that deportations be made in “civil planes” and that a protocol is established, because “a migrant is not a criminal.” However, after overcoming the impasse, the White House expressed in a statement that Colombia agreed “the unrestricted acceptance of all illegal immigrants in Colombia returned from the United States, including those that arrive in military planes, without limitations or delay.” Mexico: Contingency Plan This Monday, Mexico President Claudia Sheinbaum announced that the country has already received some 4,000 deported migrants, mostly Mexicans, from the United States. Sheinbaum said that in the last week they received four aircraft with deportees, but that this is not a significant increase to other occasions. “From January 20 to 26, 4,094 people have been received, the vast majority of them Mexican (…). So far there has been no substantive increase” in the expulsions, the president said in her morning press conference. He also recalled that there is a sustained dialogue between the two countries on the migratory and customs issue. Image source, COURTESY OF THE WHITE HOUSE Photo foot, The White House published images of the deportations of migrants in military aircraft. “This is a job that we have in dialogue with the United States government and it is something that in Mexico has already done many years. What we ask for is respect for human rights,” he emphasized. It is estimated that a third of the 11 million undocumented in the US are Mexican. Trump promises to deport a million people a year. In 2012, when more deportations have been registered in the last half century, the number of repatriated did not go from 420,000, according to figures from the PEW Studies Center. Given this, Mexico said to be prepared and have a containment plan. “We want them to know that we are prepared, that we are ready, to support our nationals and we are certain that we are going to reach agreements with the government of President Trump once the right channels are established,” Sheinbaum said in this regard. To do this, Mexico announced the strengthening of its consular networks in the United States, where it has 53 headquarters. He also promoted an application for the cell phone, ConsultApp, to inform migrants of their rights and also has an alert button to notify in case of imminent deportation. Image source, Getty images Photo foot, Claudia Sheinbaum behind the Secretary of Government, Rosa Icela Rodríguez, during the conference on the immigration plan in Mexico. He also made available to Mexicans a care network of the State. For example, they will receive a “paisan welfare card” with a 2,000 pesos bonus (about US $ 100) to cover expenses in the transfer to the place of origin and will be given access to social protection programs. El Salvador: “Third Safe Country” Contrary to the strap that occurred with the Petro government, the position of the president of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele has been different. While it is true that last July Trump launched an indirect to Bukele and told him that his country was “sending his murderers to the United States” and that he was not doing such a wonderful work “as he says, last week they approached positions . Trump telephoned his counterpart last week to talk about the fight against illegal immigration and criminal gangs such as the Aragua train -extended by several Latin American nations -, according to the White House. “President Trump also praised the leadership of President Bukele in the region and the example that gives other nations of the Western hemisphere,” said the US executive headquarters in a statement. Image source, Getty images Photo foot, The president of El Salvador, Nayib Bukele and the president of the United States, Donald Trump at a meeting in 2019. It was now learned that the Trump Administration is developing an agreement that will allow the US to deport El Salvador to migrants other than national country, as told by CBS News two sources familiar with internal deliberations. The agreement, known as “third safe country”, would allow these people to deport from the US to El … Read more

The White House disdains Spanish, others elevate it to promote Latin American art

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LOS ANGELES — The use of Spanish is considered an act of rebellion and resistance in the United States. Now, more than ever, the language of Juan Rulfo, Gabriel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar will be a dissonant element, a language that the spouses Ivonne Guzman and Jorge Espinosa They have decided to elevate their venture that promotes art through books and records. On his first day as president, a few hours after his inauguration, Donald Trump closed the website and social networks in Spanish from the White House. However, these entrepreneurs use their digital platform, called The thinking junkto celebrate the literature and music produced in Spanish, betting on a reunion—in some—and discovery—in others—of the delight caused by art in this fertile language. “In general it is about dignifying, showing the joy and beauty of this language,” commented Ivonne. On the digital platform, Los trastos depensa, these entrepreneurs offer alternative music and literature in the United States. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) This Ecuadorian couple launched on April 23, 2023, within the framework of the Book Dayits platform that now has a presence on Facebook and instagram. In part, this digital initiative responds to their personal tastes, but along the way they have realized that there are more Latin people with the same preferences in literature and music. The idea of ​​creating this website arose during the times of the pandemic, as a result of that unsatisfied need that they have been dealing with since they both settled in the United States. Jorge arrived with residency in 2011, while Ivonne did so in 2018 when she assumed her position as Consul General of Ecuador in Los Angeles. “We didn’t find a lot of things that are easily accessible in other countries,” said Jorge. If they wanted to acquire a book by the Argentine writer Ariana Harwicz, the Ecuadorian Mónica Ojeda, or the Spanish Irene Vallejo, they had to buy it on a trip they took to Quito, the Ecuadorian capital; or ask for any friendship that could bring them from their homeland. The same thing happened to them if they wanted to buy an Argentine rock album, or a Brazilian or Chilean artist. “There weren’t any, it was impossible to get them, it was like they didn’t exist,” he added. In their own words, they do not consider themselves experts; However, academic training and experience gives them knowledge and authority to speak about what they are doing. Ecuadorian journalist Ivonne Guzmán shows some of the books that were put on sale at the LéaLA book fair, held in September 2024 in Los Angeles. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) For the last 31 years, Ivonne has practiced cultural journalism in her native country. She has been a reporter, editor and columnist at the newspaper The Commerce. He also has a master’s degree in research in history and is author of the book Social painting. Three women in the art world of the 1930samong other professional achievements. On the other hand, Jorge is a musician and has a bachelor’s degree in fine arts with an emphasis in painting and printmaking, as well as a master’s degree in education and is currently pursuing another master’s degree in sound art. To launch this venture, in 2022 they did a market study, they visited record stores and bookstores in Southern California, they talked to different people, they asked them where they got their books and music. By receiving a grant they applied for, they enabled the platform that sells new and used books, as well as compact discs and vinyl records. “This is a bit of facing what is there and seeing what works; We got records from Mercedes Sosa, Julio Jaramillo and Astor Piazzolla, as well as Aterciopelados from Colombia and Caifanes from Mexico. We emphasize artists from Ecuador, taking into account those who are outside the city of Quito,” Jorge explained. Among the books they have for sale on their portal are those by Ecuadorian María Fernanda Ampuero and Daniela Alcívar Bellolio, Argentine Leila Guerriero and Colombian Pilar Quintana, among other authors. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) In literature, the bet is to have books like those written by the Ecuadorian María Fernanda Ampuero and Daniela Alcívar Bellolio, the Argentine Leila Guerriero and the Colombian Pilar Quintana, to name a few examples. They are also interested in offering copies of graphic novels, essays, novels and short stories by prestigious authors. Along these same lines, the public can suggest a book or an album; If the person is patient, these entrepreneurs can get it and send it to any city in the United States. At this time, delivery takes time because only the two of them select and renew their catalog. They themselves take the orders to the postal service. “The nice thing is that we are bringing more indie, newer, smaller publishers; We have things that you can’t get easily and that Amazon doesn’t have either, that’s the difference,” Ivonne highlighted. These publishers are Ecuadorian, Spanish, Colombian and Argentine, which publish many of these books by unknown authors in the United States, but with wide recognition in Spain and Latin America. Jorge Espinosa shows a book about the Argentine musician Fito Páez. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) Despite the position recently adopted by the White House, Spanish is moving forward at a steady pace. Currently more than 600 million people speak this language in the world. In the United States, 67.6% of the 63.7 million Latinos use Spanish at home, that is, more than 43 million people, according to the 2024 report from the Cervantes Institute. This interest in this language was noticeable at the last LéaLA book fair in Spanish, held in September 2024. These entrepreneurs sold almost half of their catalog, there they found many learners of Spanish and people who are competent or who are native speakers who seek alternative literature and music. For this reason … Read more

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