language

Mafalda has been international 50 years, but he had a barrier to overcome: the English language

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Published For the first time in 1964the sharpness of his observations, his tragicomic vision of the world and the microcosm of children’s characters that he developed made it a Comic icon in Spanish. However, until now I had not been able to make the leap to another of the most widespread languages ​​on the planet due to a mixture of fear that their stories were very local since it would lose grace with translation. But the universal dimension of the character has finally reached the bookstores. ‘Mafalda’ was a relatively brief series for what are usually the successful comics, only nine years of life: he was born in 1964 and died in 1973, when its quino creator (about which, by the way, it premieres An excellent documentary today in Filmin) He decided that he was going to end. Despite the innumerable reissues and new incarnations (next year we will have Netflix animated series Directed by the Oscarized Juan José Campanella), he has never been continued. Mafalda was born, in fact, a year before his first publication, such as part of an advertising campaign for some appliances that never got to. But Quino liked his creation and recycled it for the pages of the weekly ‘First Flat’. In his stories he told the Simple experiences of a girl, Mafalda, from a series of friends of her age (Felipe, Manolito, Susanita and Miguelito) and the adults around him. As in ‘Peanuts‘,’Calvin and Hobbes‘Or many others, the children’s environment hid the most adult of the reflections. In the case of Mafalda, dyed of sharp social criticism. The development of Mafalda was deeply marked by the tense political situation that Latin America lived in general and Argentina in particular after the coup d’etat of 1976. The unwavering Mafalda’s pacifist position made it an antiauthority symbol, and some of its vignettes (such as Mafalda pointing out the porra of a policeman and saying “This is the stick of abolloing ideologies”) pages, and became symbols of the protests, even appearing with the victims of the tragic San Patricio massacre. 30 languages ​​… less English Mafalda’s international success, which became a reference for the political comic (to such an extent that Quino had to exile for the content of his vignettes) It led her to be translated into 30 languages. And until today ‘Mafalda’ had been read in Poland, Greece, Italy, France, Taiwan and, of course, in all Spanish -speaking countries. However, English was resisted. 50 years later, the ‘mafalda’ strips are going to be published in the United States in a comprehensive collection translated by Frank Wynne, which has faced some problems it details In this interview: Of course, there are word games (milk cream leads Mafalda to wonder about the controls of Birth), but also the political context of the moment. Peronism or the situation in Latin America must be explained to the new readers, although others (Mafalda continually spoke of the Vietnam Guera) possibly relative to them. However, those responsible for this new edition say something we already knew: Mafalda’s concerns are eternal and transcend borders. The brutality of the powerful to submit to the humble, the inequalities, the imbalance between genders … all that is in ‘Mafalda’ and remains valuable today. Anglophones readers will discover it now, but it is never too late for Mafalda to give you some lessons, as a good sabihonda that always was. In Xataka | ‘The Eternaluta’ is a masterpiece of science fiction, but the story of its creator gives him an absolutely unique background

What is, novelties of this design language and when it will arrive in Android

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Let’s explain What is Material 3 Expressiveand what are the keys to this design language. This is a great novelty presented by Google on May 13, and which seeks to completely renew the Android design. We are going to try to explain this so that you understand it, both what a design language is and the particularities of this in particular. Then, we will also tell you the main novelties and when it will begin to reach the Android mobiles. What is Material 3 Expressive Material 3 Expressive is the new visual or design language that will reach Android from Android 16. A design language is A set of visual rules which are used for the appearance of an operating system or application to be consistent and recognizable. Types, colors, icons, spaced or buttons styles and menus are established so that everyone uses them, and thus have a cohesive appearance. Come on, that the operating system will be seen with all the elements using the same design, but also many applications will adopt it so that they look more integrated, such as forming more part of the whole set. Google launched Material Design in 2014 as a visual language with which to unify all its platforms on all screens: both mobiles and tablets, PCs with chrome OS, watches and others would have a unified appearance. Google apps also adopted it, as well as many third parties, so that everything looks the same. Then came You in 2022, and Material 3 Expressive is the third step In this journey. He will first arrive at the Pixel, and then he will see to what extent other manufacturers are adopted In your customization layers. This remains to be seen because when Xiaomi or Samsung use a layer of their own customization on Android, they want it to be recognizable, so they modify the design language to use their own. This can be close or remote to the one who uses Android by default depending on each manufacturer. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS 3 EXPRESSIVE Android currently has an interface with a careful and elegant design, and many applications have been adopting. But I was already playing a change that renews it completely, and Material 3 Expressive arrives to have its own identity and differentiated from what we had so far. It is a radical change, a completely notable change. This new design language is even more casual than the previous one, more rounded and visual, playful, and is also customizable and complete. You will still More colored palettes and a redesign in key aspects such as the notification panel or the status bar. The Android pitcher is the one that will almost have no modifications, with the search bar below and total freedom to place the icons where always. Yes indeed, The widgets have been redesignedso when you want to start putting some you will see the differences. Where are you going to see more changes is in animations, interactions with quick buttons or adjustmentsand even in transparencies or colors, which now adapt to dynamic color. They are also added thematized icons such as the ones we have been watching in the Pixel for a while, and the APRA space is used to be better better than the information is clearer. Another novelty is the arrival of live activities, the same as those of the iPhone, and that reach Android with this customization layer so that apps can show information in real time. This will make when you do something like asking for food at home, you can see a window where you can see live how this task is and where the delivery man is. And so with other applications such as flights or even Google Maps. Android native applications have also been redesigned to adopt this design in their menus and its appearance. But the main change is in the menus, with improved fluency, new buttons and largest and larger colors. Anyway, you can see it in the video above. Material 3 It will also get to Wearosthe operating system for smart watches in Google, in order to have a cohesive ecosystem. It will also reach Android XR and partially to Android Auto. The idea is that All Android -based products have itand so that an ecosystem can be achieved with this new design. When Material 3 Expressive arrives This new design will arrive next to Android 16the new version of the operating system that will begin to deploy in the second half of theño. Therefore, when this new version of Android arrives, the new design language will be one of its main novelties. But when the time comes, the time it takes to have Android 16 It will depend on each manufacturer and of your mobile model. Google Pixel mobiles will be the first to receive it, and then it will gradually reach others. And here, each manufacturer will decide if he adopts this design style or if he maintains the own he is using now.

Presents GPT-4.1 along with two other language models to continue marking the AI ​​rhythm

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The week begins with movement in the world of artificial intelligence (AI). OpenAi has presented A new family of language models: GPT-4.1, GPT-4.1 Mini and GPT-4.1 Nano. Three versions designed to meet different needs, from intensive workloads to simpler tasks, and specially designed to integrate them into applications. We are talking about three alternatives that, at least for now, will be available only through the OpenAi API. This implies that its use will be limited to the scope of development. We will have to wait to know if any of them will also reach Chatgpt, where we can currently choose between a variety of models through the selector. In development. Images | OpenAI + Photoshop In Xataka | The AI ​​industry is only sustainable violating Copyright laws. So you are trying to eradicate them

135,000 years ago, humans had developed a key component of universal culture: language

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A way of thinking about thousands of languages ​​spoken by humanity is visualizing them as branches of a tree, thus drawing The evolution of these languages over time. If we move forward in time, we will see the diversification of some languages ​​and the death of others. If we invest the time needle we can see the branch or the common trunk that joins some languages ​​with others. For example, if we draw the history of Galician and Romanian, we will see in Latin the common origin of these languages ​​spoken in remote areas of Europe. We can do the same exercise looking for the common trunk between Latin and the Swedish. For this we would have to go to prehistoric times, to a common trunk we call protoindoeuropeo And what would have been spoken Around 5,000 years. However, this does not serve to unite all the languages ​​spoken by humanity in the same tree. We do not know of a link that one languages ​​native to the Americas, the languages ​​of Asia and Oceania or the African languages ​​with the protoindeuropean. We do not even need to leave Europe to find languages ​​without known relationship: we can draw the common origin of the Finn and Hungarian, but we cannot unite these languages ​​to the Indo -European trunk. That leaves us with two possibilities. The first is that perhaps humans began to speak time after beginning the migratory movements that would lead us to adapt to life in various territories, which would imply that several native languages ​​arose independently. That is, there are several independent trees. The second indicates that this common trunk exists, but changes in languages ​​and the absence of written testimony and time have erased all trace of this native language in the known, alive or dead languages. All languages ​​have a common trunk, but perhaps we never find out their characteristics. The question of the original language can be presented as the problem of the egg and the chicken: what happened first, the appearance of speech or geographical disintegration of the human species? The interconnection between language and expansion of humanity is not mere curiosity because answering a question can help us Date more accurately Two of the key events in human evolution. A recent study He analyzed the issue through a review of scientific literature published in the last 18 years. The work examined 15 genetic studies that through different methodologies They tried to answer the question of when the populations of H. sapiensThey began to break down and lose contact with each other. The 15 works included three based on the chromosome information and, the patrilinerally inherited chromosome; Three focused on mitochondrial DNA, inherited matrilinerally; and the rest studied the set of human chromosomes. The team made a meta -analysis, a quantitative study based on the results compiled in the compiled works, to obtain a new estimate of the last era in which in which All humanity shared spaces In the same region. The estimate indicated that this happened about 135,000 years ago. The team concludes from this data that human language had to have an origin prior to this original diaspora. They start from the idea that, if language had not existed in this origin, we should have found any human society without language or, at least, with a radically different communicative form from what we know as speaks. The details of the study were Published in an article In the magazineFrontiers in Psychology. An evolution in several phases But what exactly is speech? According to Explain the team itselfprevious studies had already pointed out that Other hominid speciesprevious to sapiens They had the ability to speak. The nuance is that this does not guarantee the existence of a language, however simple it is. The issue for the team is not when humans, H. sapiens Or other species, they began to emit sounds, but when they began to develop the language “as we know it”, that is, “combining vocabulary and grammar in a system”, a system capable of generating an indefinite amount of expressions based on their own rules. “Human language is quantitatively different because there are two things, words and syntax, which work at the same time to create this Very complex system”, explained in a press release Shigeru Miyagawa, study co -author. “No other animal has a corresponding structure in its communication system. And that gives us the ability to generate very sophisticated thoughts and communicate them with others.” Miyagawa and his team also refer to the archaeological record to support their conclusions. As they explain, the archaeological record that has left us evidence of the existence of the type of complex thought that supports the language, evidence that date back 100,000 years ago in time. The team refers to this to artifacts that denote a “symbolic activity”, such as objects in objects or the decorative use of the ocher, a pigment. We have known for a long time that H. sapiens It has not been the only human species capable of reaching these levels of abstraction. It is perhaps that is why The debate To what extent species like Neanderthals H. Neanderthalensis They could have developed speech or even language Be far from setting up. In your articleThe team indicates that, although the “complex behaviors” such as burials and body decoration They can also be associated with these species, ours would have been the only one to have systematized them throughout the population. In Xataka | We just found the lost link of human evolution: the first bone toolbox Image | Pxhere / Chivi1085

Madrid has its own ‘dead language’ with dictionary and translations. There are those who resist that they fall into oblivion

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In Spain there is an official language, Spanish, and A handful of co -official languages. The country’s complete linguistic photo is however much (much) richer and includes a wide range of Dialectal varietiesin addition to countless jargon and Sociolectsways to use language limited to a specific group. For years Madrid managed his own, Chelia speech that left a mark in the Royal Academy, inspired novelists and film directors, and even has its own dictionary and several translations. His golden age may be behind, but that does not mean that there are people who still claims its value and fight so that (if not spoken) at least it is talk about him. What is Chelii? A sociolect, a speech, a kind of dialect without fix but with abundant vocabulary, a sign of identity associated with a city (Madrid) and a time (especially the 80s and the first 90), a “Generational slang”in the words of the novelist Paco Umbral … or If we ask him to the RAE dictionary, a “jargon with castizos, marginal and countercultural elements.” Cheli is all that and some more things, like a improbable link of union between Camilo José Cela, Enrique Tierno Galván, Ramoncín and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry; But above all it is a rich, spontaneous and diverse way of communicating that enjoyed its particular golden age mainly during the movement. What is its origin? It is counted that the term as Francisco Umbral coined it in The countrybut As I remembered a couple of years ago Álvaro de Benito, journalist and passionate about linguistics, one thing is the baptismal act and a very different birth. To know the origins of Cheli you have to probably go back much further back, the 18th century and the rise of the Casticism. Over time he gained background and form, vocabulary, expressions and style. It expanded. His great era was, however, the last decades of the twentieth. It is in that period, in the late 70s, when places its hatching The French linguist Henriette Walterwho came to dedicate a couple of pages in his essay ‘The adventure of languages ​​in the West’published in 1994. “It began to speak in Madrid in the criminal environments, is inspired by the drug slaughter and in the caló,” says the expert, who refers to him as “Cheli, passage or roll language.” Who spoke it? As I remembered A few years ago The journalist Arsenio School, Walter places the origins of “El Pasota” between Barcelona and Seville, but the land in which he managed to consecrate “as a social phenomenon” was another: the Madrid. There he fell deep. The neighborhoods were linked in a moment of profound political and social changes and sneaked into stores, taverns, factories, markets … although as with most languages ​​and dialects, Cheli was not an unalterable, unidimensional and static reality. In An article Posted a few weeks ago in The Spanish newspaper (EPE) Pedro del Corral remembered that depending on the age and training of speakers it was used in one way or another. It was also linked to some neighborhoods. All this served to somewhat cheli will be used for more than talking: it was a sign of identity between groups. Was it only used in the street? No. Cheli reached the screens and books, institutional acts and even aroused the interest of laureate singers and novelists. They reproduced him in some of his works Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio and Camilo José Celait rang in ‘The glass ball’ or the movie ‘Navajeros’ from Eloy de la Iglesia and threshold dedicated him in 1983 A dictionary whose presentation It was headed by the tierra Galván mayor, who even started talking to the public at the Palacio del Conde-Duque in Madrid. It was not the only one. In 1993 Ramoncín launched ‘El Toccho Cheli’that self -defined as a “dictionary of jargon, Germanías and jerigonzas”, and three years later it followed ‘The new billy cheli’. Entremedias, in 1994, Antonio Alonso, chaplain of the Carabanchel prison, decided to go further and develop an adaptation to Cheli of the ‘New Testament’. He titled it ‘El Chuli, the colleagues and the basca’a declaration of intentions: in its pages Jesus becomes Chuchi, the Apartlets in colleagues and the fishermen in Basca. Is it the only translation? The answer is not again. And explain why Cheli has become news again in recent years. In 2022, after an investigation of year and a half Álvaro de Benito, journalist and passionate about languages ​​and dialects, decided to launch A translation to the Cheli of one of the great classics of universal literature, ‘Le Petit Prince’of the French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The adaptation is already reflected in the same title of the work: ‘The main kids (with the fetal ticks of the Menda)’. 92 pages that are a vindication of Madrid slang and have served to return it to the spotlights. Why ‘the Little Prince’? De Benito explained it clearly in an interview to Madrid Secret. “Regardless of whether we like it or not, ‘the Little Prince’ is a universal and valid tool for the dissemination of languages. Every time something comes out of it, a stir is assembled,” confesses. Cheli is not in fact the only adaptation published by its editorial, From tuma. In Your catalog There are others in Cantabrian, Manchego, fritter, Hoketía, Gacería or the Talk about rebollar. How was the process? Álvaro de Benito was born in 1980, so that during the years of splendor of Cheli was still a child. In addition to pulling your own experience It was documented With philological studies, articles, magazines, films, novels … the result, however, is not the same as a conventional translation into an official language with an academy behind it in charge of defining its canon. “In English you can translate well or badly, but Cheli can only adapt it. It is not a matter of doing it right or badly,” Explain from Benito. “I picked up the greatest possible vocabulary. There have been people who … Read more

Ahead of Alzheimer’s is vital when it comes to stopping its advance. Some of the most important clues are in language

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Alzheimer’s is one of several disorders causing dementia in the third age. It is also the most frequent: in Spain it is estimated that in 2019 there were about 800,000 people suffer from the disease, according to data Spanish Society of Neurology. Globally Estimates They suggest that more than 30 million people live with it. One of the challenges with which patients, family and health professionals have to face is Alzheimer’s diagnosis. Of a Early diagnosis It depends a lot on our reaction capacity to face the symptoms of this disease for now incurable. We have advanced a lot in the diagnosis of this disorder. So much that one of Our main tools Diagnosis is discard, that is, rule out that cognitive deterioration detected in one person is caused by other forms of dementia, such as Parkinson’s. Fortunately, it is not the only tool at our disposal. Another diagnosis pillar are capacities. Specialists can resort to evidence that allows them Evaluate our cognitive abilities And our memory. In this context, interviews can also be conducted to the relatives who help evaluate the patient. The images by scanner, both magnetic resonances, as computerized tomographies or by positron emission, can also give clues. On the one hand they can help in the work of discarding other pathologies, but also They can help To detect the presence of amyloid plates linked to the disease. Until relatively a short time, the confirmation of Alzheimer’s diagnosis could only be done after the patient’s death, examining his brain. Conremps diagnostic techniques can already offer us a comparable degree of certainty. Partly thanks to the last of the tools available to experts, biomarkers. Collecting clues The diagnosis of this disease can only be performed by experts in the field, but sometimes it is important to be attentive to the clues They tell us that in family or relative may be developing the disease. Tracks that can notify us that the time has come to request help from health professionals. In a Recent article in The conversationSarah Curtis, a language expert at Nottingham Trent, listed some perceptible clues through Speech changes of the people who are developing this disease. The first of these indications is the appearance of pauses and doubts in speech, accompanied by a certain vagueness when expressing. That is, the person may have difficulty finding the word you want to use and just trying to overcome this obstacle by resorting to trunk words as “thing” or describing the object vaguely. Another early indication of Alzheimer’s is in confusion when using words. These confusion can be almost imperceptible at the beginning since they can start with words that allude to more general categories, such as using “animal” instead of “dog.” They are more noticeable if the substitution is for another concept in the semantic field, such as using “cat”. Another track listed by Curtis It is the passage of facts to words. People with Alzheimer may have difficulties when completing certain activities, which will result in this person talking about the activity, the emotions that arouses them or even expressing doubts or longing regarding their ability to complete the action. Memory loss can be primed with the lexical variety of the person suffering from Alzheimer’s. That is why this disease can begin by manifesting with An increasingly reduced vocabulary and a greater tendency to repeat words. The fifth and last of the indications mentioned by Curtis on his list, has to do with precision when choosing the words. A person who develops Alzheimer’s can have difficulty listing diverse words in the same category, such as different animals, food or words that begin with a specific letter. This is why the tests used in their diagnosis often ask people who perform this type of enumerations. Many people can read some of these indications and think “this happens to me too.” And it is that confusion of this type are normal. It is common for us to be tongue in countless contexts. That is why it is important to attend to changes in speech and not simply to the existence of confusion or difficulties. Alzheimer’s is a disease that does not appear out of nowhere but is gradually aggravated and is generally not detectable in its early stages. That is why it is often of vital importance attend to your first symptoms. Even more if we consider that some of the treatments are only effective delaying the disease in these early stages. In Xataka | We have a new “theory of all” to understand Alzheimer’s. Your key is in small granules Image | Jiun-Je Lin

A jeweler has found a rolex that gives the date in an unusual language for luxury watches: the Catalan

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The sale of high -end watches has become a More investment formthanks to the high value that certain pieces acquire. In recent months, the second -hand watch market has suffered A drastic fall After a pricing bubble derived from the shortage of supply against high demand. That has made this a good time to find Pieces at a good price. The tiktok @jewelrybarcon account, shared The discovery of a curious piece that bought a few days ago: a rolex day-date, also known as Rolex President with very special gold finish. The initial emotion of buying a rolex like that, became surprise to discover that the days of the week that are shown in the sphere were in Catalan, instead of having them in Spanish or English as usual in the Swiss brand watches. Something that in principle could light alarms in front of falsifications. At first, the young man thought this could be a problem if he decided to sell it in the future since the clock would have less demand to be in a different language. However, after an initial investigation he discovered that the story that locked that clock made him a very limited and exclusive piece. The mystery of the Catalan rolex The user explains in his video that it was very strange that a Swiss company like Rolex manufactured a clock in Catalan. The explanation that found that curious finish was that, in reality, a group of Andorra businessmen had asked Rolex to make a special roll with texts in Catalan. This limited edition occurred until 2007, which, according to the young Tiktoker, makes it a very sinned rarity. What initially seemed a possible inconvenience became a distinctive feature that apparently increased its value significantly. Now, your rolex is not only a luxury accessory, but also a collection piece With an interesting story. So far what social networks say. Rolex Day-Date is the most international rolex The reality is that Rolex is an international brand and, within its catalog, the Rolex Day Date, better known as Rolex President, is The most international of all. So much so that it not only has daily dials translated into Spanish or Catalan, but can also be found in Vasco, in Farsi, in Chinese or in Ethiopian. As he points out in his own Rolex’s official pageDay-Date speaks the language of who takes it and, since 1973, it is Available in 26 languages including alphabets in Latin, Arabic, Cyrillic, Hebrew, Japanese, Chinese ideograms and even the ge’ez alfasilabarium used in the horn of Africa. The linguistic peculiarity of Day-Date makes, in reality, the language is not an exceptionality itself because of the fact that a group of Andorran businessmen asked for their watches in the official language of their country. However, it is a distinctive feature, because it is a rolex of a certain year, with a certain finish and with the addition of being in Catalan that is not a highly demanded option. In no case would it be a rare and exclusive piece since anyone can choose the language of the dial with the days of the week when configuring this watch. Its second -hand price can range between 20,000 euros and 45,000 euros according to their status and characteristics. In Xataka | A farmer thought a cow had eaten his rolex. 50 years later he recovered it, but he needed a good cleaning Image | JewelbarconRolex

The most unknown language in Spain is in danger. The 500 gypsies who speak it just want them to leave them alone

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Next to Spanish, officially and According to the Ministry of Educationthe co -official languages ​​of the CCAA in Spain are four. Namely: Catalan, Valencian, Basque and Galician. What happens is that behind these four officially through the different statutes of autonomy, they arise hundreds of languages that They attest to wealth and culture from all over the country. And of all of them, a serious danger. That is known, only a few hundred people distributed between Spain and France use it, and just want to go unnoticed. A heritage in danger of extinction. While languages ​​such as Basque, Catalan or Galician have managed to consolidate and protect themselves within the Spanish regional framework, there is one that, despite its deep cultural value, is on the verge of disappearing: The erromintxela. Spoken for just under 500 people in Spain And a similar amount in France, this pogadolelect is a Mix between Basque and Romaníreflex of a historical coexistence between Basques and gypsies that dates back more than 600 years. However, his future is uncertain, since he does not have any institutional protection and his speakers, mostly elderly, are losing him in favor of Basque and Spanish. Origins: Gypsies and Basques. Erromintxela arose from of contact between gypsieswho emigrated from northern India 1,500 years ago, and the Basquesthat already inhabited the territory where the former settled in the fifteenth century. In search of refuge, the gypsies found in the geography of the Basque Country a safe place to hide from the constant persecution to which they were subjected in Europe. However, the prolonged contact between the two peoples generated A cultural and linguistic exchange that gave rise to this particular way of speaking. In this regard, Oscar Vizarraga, spokesman for the gypsy association Kale Dor Kayikothat both Sanskrit and Basque Declinations system and certain suffixes. In other words: this language is not simply a fusion of vocabulary, but a tangible proof of a deep miscegenation between two communities that, at first glance, seemed to have nothing in common. A miscegenation that altered the gypsy structure. Beyond the language, coexistence with Basque culture caused Changes in social structures of the gypsies of the region. For example, while most Romanis groups have maintained a patriarchal system, in the Basque Country more matriarchal models have been developed, where maternal lineage has a predominant weight, something unusual in any other gypsy community. In addition, many Basque gypsy families have Basque surnames and have adopted local cultural traditions, such as THE FOUND OF BALDEREROS In San Sebastián, where gypsy iconography has a leading role. Threat of extinction and institutional disinterest. The problem of this language is that despite its uniqueness, Erromintxela has been historically ignored by institutions. In the 90s, The Kale Dor Kayiko Associationtogether with the University of the Basque Country and Euskaltzaindia, made The first formal investigation on the same in Bizkaia, Álava and Gipuzkoa. Although the study confirmed its existence, the funds were never given to expand it, leaving many unresolved unknowns. They want them to leave them alone. Not just that. One of the greatest obstacles to documentation and conservation is The reluctance of their own speakers to be studied, analyzed or even interviewed. For the gypsy community that uses it, the erromyntxela is A simple means of communication Or everyday tool, not a valuable linguistic heritage worth preservation. Many prefer to stay away from public care, either by distrust of institutions or simply because they have never seen their language as something worthy of being protected, which complicates efforts for revitalization. This attitude, added to the Lack of conservation policiesit has accelerated its disappearance. The imposition of Basque in education and the growing influence of Spanish have displaced the Erromintxela, leaving new generations without interest in learning it. In fact, Vizaraga warned that, if not taking measures soon, this language “as Basque as gypsy” It will lose irremediably. A call to action. Thus, today the erromyntxela does not have any type of Official recognition. His disappearance would mean not only of a language, but of a unique historical testimony about the interaction between gypsies and Basques. Vizarga insists on the urgency of continuing research and exploring other regions, such as Navarra and Iparralde, where speakers could still be found. The Philological Community and Cultural Heritage Experts also warn that, if no measures are now taken, Erromintxela could be extinguished in a matter of yearstaking centuries of shared history. From Kale Dor Kayiko, financing has been requested to develop educational programs and conservation initiatives, but so far, institutions have shown disinterest, although A recent documentary About its history it seems to have given some air to the fight to maintain it. The possible disappearance. He Erromintxela It is not just an in danger of extinction. If you want also, it is the living footprint of that cultural miscegenation that has survived for centuries. His disappearance, no doubt, would be an irreparable loss for the linguistic diversity of Spain and for the historical memory of the gypsy and Basque peoples. As experts indicate, if immediate actions are not taken for their protection, it will be relegated to oblivion, disappearing in the silence of those who, due to ignorance or indifference, did not know how to assess its importance. Image | Jorge Fraganillo In Xataka | From Aragonese to the Asturian: what is it like to learn a language in danger of extinction in the 21st century In Xataka | In his desire to formalize Catalan, Basque and Galician in the EU, Spain has found an obstacle: Slovakia

Openai steps on the accelerator in the AI ​​race with its new and advanced language model

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The career for the development of artificial intelligence does not stop accelerating. In November 2022 we witnessed the launch of GPT-3.5the model that laid the bases of Chatgpt and marked a turning point in the The conversational. Almost two years later, we are facing the arrival of GPT-4.5a new evolution that aims to continue expanding the limits of this promising technology. We are facing a transition model between GPT-4O and GPT-5, but with a key role in OpenAi’s strategy. The company has decided that GPT-4.5 will be the last without incorporating “chain of thought”, giving way to a new generation with incorporated reasoning capabilities. This change seeks to improve the clarity of your family of products, that has become complex over time. A more advanced model, with greater emotional intelligence AI is reaching a point where we no longer settle for having models capable of solving complex problems. That improve in programming, science, engineering and mathematics is very good, but we look for models that can interact with more spontaneous way With humans. This makes us understand OpenAi with GPT-4.5. His new language model is presented as the greatest and most advanced published by the startup to date. The researchers affirm that it is not only more natural, but their knowledge base has expanded to face complex challenges in various scientific disciplines, while improving their ability to solve logical problems. GPT-4.5 wants to stand out for its emotional intelligence, and in a recent test it has proven to live up to it. A member of the OpenAI team tested his abilities by sending him a message full of emotion. With a natural tone and Without hiding your anger, He explained that a friend had canceled him at the last minute and asked for help to write a message that reflected his discomfort. Chatgpt with GPT-4.5 detects that the user is frustrated and, instead of enlivening the anger, he suggests a calmer and diplomatic message to express his discomfort without damaging friendship: “Hello, the truth is that it has annoyed me a lot that the plans have been canceled again, I really wanted to see you. Can we talk about what is happening?” To achieve this change, Openai has modified its focus on creating models. Not radically, but incorporating New supervision techniques Together with traditional methods such as the fine supervised adjustment (SFT) and learning by reinforcement based on human feedback (RLHF), which were already fundamental in the development of GPT-4. In development. Images | OpenAI In Xataka | Alexa+, first impressions: the explosion of AI feels great to the Amazon assistant. But there are also many unknowns

The White House disdains Spanish, others elevate it to promote Latin American art

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LOS ANGELES — The use of Spanish is considered an act of rebellion and resistance in the United States. Now, more than ever, the language of Juan Rulfo, Gabriel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar will be a dissonant element, a language that the spouses Ivonne Guzman and Jorge Espinosa They have decided to elevate their venture that promotes art through books and records. On his first day as president, a few hours after his inauguration, Donald Trump closed the website and social networks in Spanish from the White House. However, these entrepreneurs use their digital platform, called The thinking junkto celebrate the literature and music produced in Spanish, betting on a reunion—in some—and discovery—in others—of the delight caused by art in this fertile language. “In general it is about dignifying, showing the joy and beauty of this language,” commented Ivonne. On the digital platform, Los trastos depensa, these entrepreneurs offer alternative music and literature in the United States. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) This Ecuadorian couple launched on April 23, 2023, within the framework of the Book Dayits platform that now has a presence on Facebook and instagram. In part, this digital initiative responds to their personal tastes, but along the way they have realized that there are more Latin people with the same preferences in literature and music. The idea of ​​creating this website arose during the times of the pandemic, as a result of that unsatisfied need that they have been dealing with since they both settled in the United States. Jorge arrived with residency in 2011, while Ivonne did so in 2018 when she assumed her position as Consul General of Ecuador in Los Angeles. “We didn’t find a lot of things that are easily accessible in other countries,” said Jorge. If they wanted to acquire a book by the Argentine writer Ariana Harwicz, the Ecuadorian Mónica Ojeda, or the Spanish Irene Vallejo, they had to buy it on a trip they took to Quito, the Ecuadorian capital; or ask for any friendship that could bring them from their homeland. The same thing happened to them if they wanted to buy an Argentine rock album, or a Brazilian or Chilean artist. “There weren’t any, it was impossible to get them, it was like they didn’t exist,” he added. In their own words, they do not consider themselves experts; However, academic training and experience gives them knowledge and authority to speak about what they are doing. Ecuadorian journalist Ivonne Guzmán shows some of the books that were put on sale at the LéaLA book fair, held in September 2024 in Los Angeles. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) For the last 31 years, Ivonne has practiced cultural journalism in her native country. She has been a reporter, editor and columnist at the newspaper The Commerce. He also has a master’s degree in research in history and is author of the book Social painting. Three women in the art world of the 1930samong other professional achievements. On the other hand, Jorge is a musician and has a bachelor’s degree in fine arts with an emphasis in painting and printmaking, as well as a master’s degree in education and is currently pursuing another master’s degree in sound art. To launch this venture, in 2022 they did a market study, they visited record stores and bookstores in Southern California, they talked to different people, they asked them where they got their books and music. By receiving a grant they applied for, they enabled the platform that sells new and used books, as well as compact discs and vinyl records. “This is a bit of facing what is there and seeing what works; We got records from Mercedes Sosa, Julio Jaramillo and Astor Piazzolla, as well as Aterciopelados from Colombia and Caifanes from Mexico. We emphasize artists from Ecuador, taking into account those who are outside the city of Quito,” Jorge explained. Among the books they have for sale on their portal are those by Ecuadorian María Fernanda Ampuero and Daniela Alcívar Bellolio, Argentine Leila Guerriero and Colombian Pilar Quintana, among other authors. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) In literature, the bet is to have books like those written by the Ecuadorian María Fernanda Ampuero and Daniela Alcívar Bellolio, the Argentine Leila Guerriero and the Colombian Pilar Quintana, to name a few examples. They are also interested in offering copies of graphic novels, essays, novels and short stories by prestigious authors. Along these same lines, the public can suggest a book or an album; If the person is patient, these entrepreneurs can get it and send it to any city in the United States. At this time, delivery takes time because only the two of them select and renew their catalog. They themselves take the orders to the postal service. “The nice thing is that we are bringing more indie, newer, smaller publishers; We have things that you can’t get easily and that Amazon doesn’t have either, that’s the difference,” Ivonne highlighted. These publishers are Ecuadorian, Spanish, Colombian and Argentine, which publish many of these books by unknown authors in the United States, but with wide recognition in Spain and Latin America. Jorge Espinosa shows a book about the Argentine musician Fito Páez. (Soudi Jiménez / Los Angeles Times en Español) Despite the position recently adopted by the White House, Spanish is moving forward at a steady pace. Currently more than 600 million people speak this language in the world. In the United States, 67.6% of the 63.7 million Latinos use Spanish at home, that is, more than 43 million people, according to the 2024 report from the Cervantes Institute. This interest in this language was noticeable at the last LéaLA book fair in Spanish, held in September 2024. These entrepreneurs sold almost half of their catalog, there they found many learners of Spanish and people who are competent or who are native speakers who seek alternative literature and music. For this reason … Read more

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