key

The United States exempts from reciprocal tariffs on key consumption electronics and strategic components

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The Donald Trump tariff war against the world has a new episode, one in which the main American technology manufacturers breathe relieved … for the moment, because with the Republican president he never knows. The administration of the president of the United States has released reciprocal tariffs at electronic devices such as mobiles, computers and other components. Also to the 125% tax applied to China imports. The strip and loosen of tariffs is resulting Critic for large North American companies in this democated global economy. Apple is the most obvious example: after making the ‘old’ tariff of 104% of the United States to China effective, It ceased to be the most valuable company. Faced with such a critical situation, drastic decisions: Chop an airplane full of iPhone From India. But Apple is just the tip of the iceberg And the reality is that until this ‘truce’, they paint with other large ones such as NVIDIA and more generic, to the bulk of the industry, where the final cost of those products in whose manufacture are used semiconductors, chips or SSD unitsthey would support dramatic increases. Consumer electronics is the great beneficiary The United States Customs and Border Protection Office of the United States He published a statement Friday night detailing that certain electronic devices and components 10% global tariff are left out That the United States applies to most countries, such as much higher tax applied to Chinese imports. What devices? Among the exemption list are mobile phones, computers, hard drives, processors, memory chips, semiconductors, memory cards or solar cells. Two of the great direct beneficiaries are Apple and Nvidia, who manufacture in China, but the stage remains uncertain: Trump is volatile and it is not known how China will respond to this gesture. This decision of the Trump administration comes after the hardware Big Tech showed their concern against the inevitable and imminent price escalation, since Most of these devices are manufactured in China. After giving A 90 -day pause Last Wednesday for countries, except for China, they will adapt to the new tariffs, Trump loosen. These exemptions are retroactive as of April 5 (as if this week had not happened) and as detailed by the White House Secretary and CNBC is echoedaims give margin to US companies to transfer their production to the United States. But his message is blunt: ‘President Trump has made it clear that the United States cannot depend on China to make critical technologies such as semiconductors, chips, smartphones and laptops‘. In Xataka | China responds again to US tariffs and rises to 125%: from here it would be a “joke” to keep climbing Cover | Xataka

In 2019 we discovered some fungi capable of metabolizing gold. There are already those who want to make it the key to space mining

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The story Start more than five years ago In Boddington, south of the Australian city of Perth. Over there, Between murderous animals and gold mines, a team of researchers from the Australian Csiro discovered something truly rare: that certain fungus strains Fusarium oxysporum Not only could they extract gold from its surroundings and integrate it into their structure, but in doing so they managed to spread faster than the rest. It seemed a curiosity without more, but in recent years the situation has begun to change. But, a moment, why is something so “weird”? Good question. After all, we know of good ink that fungi “play an essential role in degradation and recycling of all types of organic material (Like leaves or bark), but also in the cycle of certain metals such as aluminum, iron, manganese and calcium. “Why would it be different with gold? Because, as Tsing Bohu explained, a researcher in charge of the project, “Gold is so inactive (chemically speaking) that this type of interactions is unusual and surprising, he had to see him to believe it.” And he saw it. In fact, lo published in Nature Communications. It was the first solid evidence that fungi could have a relevant role in the gold cycle in the earth’s crust. The “mushroom” of golden eggs. Quickly the mining industry put his eyes on the investigation. Especially right there, in Australia. The continent island is the second largest gold producer in the world, but The consensus among analysts It is that without new deposits the production was going to fall (and much) in a short time. Initially, the industry thought that CSIRO’s investigation could serve to locate these new deposits. As we explained years agoin Australia it is relatively common to do prospects in forests of the Aucaliptos family or near termites because they have a close relationship with the precious metal. Why not analyze the land in search of those strains of Fusarium oxysporum? But there is one more possibility. As Eduardo Bazo explained to Eugenio Fernández In a very interesting interviewin recent years there have appeared companies that work on what we could call “Metabolic mining“That is, in using organisms to extract gold. “And what do you want that?” You could ask. “Isn’t it easier to identify where gold is and extract with industrial methods?” Yes, here on earth, yes. But these companies look a little further: in space mining. For years we have talked about the existence of huge mineral deposits in the solar system and, for almost the same, We have fantasized to be able to exploit them. The problem is that, Beyond the current technological limitationsS, to the danger of normal mining, is added the fact that we talk about processing metal in space. But and if we use ‘metabolic mining’? The idea of ​​sending modified strains of these fungi (or other microorganisms) that They will process the mineral for useverything would become easier. I don’t know if more viable, but simpler. It is much less rare than it seems (this type of approaches we use to innumerable products that we usually use), however to take it to the world of mining seems a little more complex by pure efficiency. However, that’s ‘now’. While I write (and while The era of cheap materials ends) Several research groups They are cultivating all kinds of microorganisms with the idea of ​​being able to grow gold sooner rather than later. Image | Dominik Vanyi | Jaap Straydo In Xataka | The next richest person in the world will come from space: the future millionaire of space mining

The key is called Giuk and gives China and Russia to the east of the US

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In January it sounded strongly and since then there is no week that the idea is not reproduced: United States Groenland wants. We explain that we are not really new, and that when Trump said wanting to take control of the enclave it was The fifth time in the history that the United States “touched” at the door of the island. However, there is now a difference with respect to other attempts. Greenland has something that makes it a strategic zone “for what can happen.” Russian and Chinese threat. Greenland has become A critical point For the national security of the United States, and although much has been commented, it is not mainly for economic or symbolic reasons, but for Its strategic position in the fight against the progress of Russian or eventually Chinese submarines. In fact, this has been confirmed through General Christopher G. Cavoli, Supreme Commander of NATO in Europe and head of the US European command. The man declared before the Senate Armed Services Committee that access to the airspace and maritime of Greenlandia It is fundamental To detect and follow the track of the Russian submarines before they are lost in the depths of the Atlantic Ocean. The island is part of the western edge of the Giuk gap (Greenland-Islandia-Reinian Reino), a vital corridor through which the Russian underwater fleet from Murmansk, home of the most advanced naves of the Kremlin, such as class submersibles, such as class submersibles, such as class submersible Yasen-mequipped with long -range cruise missiles. The giuk gap. This corridor is a strangulation point Maritime that, if not properly watched, allows Russian or Chinese submarines operate without being detected In the North Atlantic. Once they cross the gap, its location becomes extremely difficult, both because of the acoustic conditions of the underwater terrain and by the oceanic vastness. Thus, from these hidden positions they can launch missile attacks against strategic objectives On the east coast of the American continent. In fact and in response to this, the United States formed in 2021 the so -called Task Group Greyhounda specialized group of anti -submarine destroyers Designed to counteract This specific threat. The American navy itself warned at the time that the east coast of the country already It was not a safe shelterunderlining the urgency of establishing surveillance and defense points in key areas such as Greenland. Map of the Giuk Via of the Cold War (still relevant) The Russian answer. For their part, they counted the The War Zone analysts that Russia has proven to know very well the value of this corridor. In 2019, he organized his greatest naval exercise since the Cold War, sending at least ten submarines through the completely submerged Giuk gap, with the aim of reaching the Atlantic without being intercepted. According to Norwegian mediathe intention was clear: to prove the capacity of the West to detect movements of his fleet and demonstrate that he could project power to the US coast. These exercises also fulfill a fund growing territorial presence. Advanced control point. The island of Goenland, with only 320 km of separation from Iceland, constitutes a natural bottleneck inside the Giuk. This proximity allows its use as an advanced basis for anti -submarine operations. Although the United States already has the base of the space force In Pituffik (Antigua Thule), equipped with early alert radars against ballistic attacks, General Cavoli suggests that it would be strategically advantageous to expand military capabilities in other areas of the island. Under this prism, the simple possibility that Russia or China can establish military facilities in Greenland represents an unacceptable risk: from there, they could deploy weapons of intercontinental reach only 2,000 km from the US territory. A Yasen-M class Diplomatic tension With this context we arrive at the news of these days. General Cavoli’s statements occur in a political high voltage environment between the United States and Denmark, Sovereign Nation on Greenland. The renewed Donald Trump’s insistence In acquiring the island, it has revived a diplomatic conflict dating from its first mandate. Plus: the Recent visit of vice president JD Vance to Island caused a strong rejection by local and Danish authorities, who met to stage your unit Faced with US desires for annexation. At the same time, Secretary of State Marco Rubio moved to Denmark to calm the situation and reaffirm the strength of the bilateral relationship, although tensions remain latent. One More Thing. While the persecution of Russian submarines is the central axis of the strategy, there is much more. To begin with, Greenland also offers other military advantages: its radar infrastructure It allows early detection of ballistic releases, which gives the US government additional time to respond to an attack. In addition, its position at the northwest of the Atlantic makes it a crucial logistics point within the framework of any Arctic or Intercontinental conflict. Although Iceland already houses American anti -submarine aircraft squads that cover the Giuk gap, Greenland could offer redundancy, extended reach and greater operational flexibility. Geopolitics in the ice. So things, and while the debate persists on whether the United States really needs Acquire Greenland Or simply reinforce its presence in the area, the truth is that the island has ceased to be a remote block of ice to become a strategic focus of the first order. The growing Arctic militarizationthe resurgence of Russian naval power and The global competition For the control of polar routes they place Greenland in the center of a new geopolitical board. Its value does not reside in its demography, economy or tourist attraction, but in its ability to influence the balance of power between rival powers. In times of submarine cold war, every kilometer of coast vigilated is worth its weight in gold, and Greenland, today more than ever, he tells much. Image | PicrylRussian Navy, миноборонloy In Xataka | It is the fifth time that the US wants to buy Greenland from Denmark. If they asked on the island they would have it … Read more

Youth unemployment is the key for Spain to cease to be the EU strike champion

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For a long time, Spain has been sadly famous in the European Union for having the higher unemployment rates. However, the panorama could be changing, with countries like Sweden and Finland registering a worrying increase in their unemployment figures. Regardless of the particularities of the labor market of the Nordic countries, there is a factor that seems to be the key to this change in tendency: youth strike in these countries has not stopped growing, while In Spain it goes down. A CYCLE CHANGE. According to the February 2025 data Presented by Eurostat, Spain has reduced its 10.4%unemployment rate. In general terms, these are not good figures taking into account that the average unemployment rate in the EU is 5.7% and 6.1% in the euro zone, but they suppose one more step in a progressive downward trend that began in 2013, the year in which there was a disastrous 26.06%. However, expectations have not been so flattering for Sweden, that he has seen how his unemployment rate did not stop increasing to 8.9%, while Finland is 9.2%. Although these numbers are still lower than those registered in Spain, the upward trend of the Nordic countries has already lit some alarms. The situation in Sweden. In Sweden, the labor market is experiencing a significant transformation, especially among young people. Eurostat shows a worrying escalation in the youth unemployment of Sweden that has gone from 23.8% in February 2024 to 25.1% in February 2025. EU sources They attribute this increase in youth strike to the lack of alignment between education and the needs of the labor market. To give an example, Sweden does not have a strategy to prevent premature school abandonment. That reverses in a labor market with young people with little job training. In 2022, before the relentless increase in youth unemployment, Sweden began to encourage professional training among their young people to increase the employability rate of their youth. Despite the measures taken in this regard, the country has failed to stop its escalation. Unemployment in children under 25 years. Source: Eurostat Finland: next unemployment leader? Finland also faces similar challenges, with an unstoppable increase in its unemployment rate. Eurostat data indicates that, in February 2024, their unemployment rate was 8.1%, marking a sudden ascent up to 9.7% in January 2025, and moderating at 8.8% in February 2025. Despite the efforts to diversify its economy, the dependence of certain sectors, such as technology, makes Finland more vulnerable to the fluctuations of the global economy, especially in agitated times such as those that are marking the Trump Tariff Policy. Again, just take a look at the unemployment figures of young people under 25 years to observe the same pattern of increase in the youth unemployment rate, which in February 2024 marked 18.1%, while in February 2025 it was already 20% The key to change for Spain: its young people. Observing youth employment data in Spain, there is a trend opposite to that of Sweden or Finland, with an unemployment rate in young people under 25 who has gone from 29.5% in February 2022, to 25.5% in February 2025. Again, without these bright figures, if they mark a sustained trend that is reflected in their total unemployment figures. Unlike what happened in Sweden, the Reform of Vocational Training (FP) in Spain Yes has had a good answerfacilitating the insertion of young people in the labor market. According to INE data, youth employment has marked a strong decrease in recent years, from 50.23% in the fourth quarter of 2021 for the strip from 16 to 19 years and 27.20% for the strip of between 20 and 24 years, to 38.79% and 22.02% respectively. Youth unemployment in Spain. Age strip from 16 to 19 years and 20 to 24 years Source: INE FP as a quarry again talent. According to Study data ‘How to promote professional training in Spain: recommendations on the basis of German and Austrian models‘prepared by the Royal Institute Elcano, around 50% of the Employment opportunities in 2025 They will be reserved for people with the qualification of the Superior Technician for Vocational Training, evidencing that the labor market needs new qualified talent. This data is complemented with the published By the Ministry of Education, Professional Training and Sports, which shows that the number of FP students increased during the 2022-23 course by 32.6%, highlighting especially in higher degree students, who had increased by 41.9%. Much to do. Despite the advances in the reduction of unemployment, especially youth, Spain still has a long way to go and is far from power celebrate your unemployment data. The Spanish labor market remains vulnerable to seasonality due to the preeminence of hospitality and tourism dependence. In comparison, countries such as the Netherlands (3.8%), and especially Germany (3.5%), with a serious crisis that keeps its economy on the edge of the recession, have managed to maintain their unemployment rates under control thanks to a strong investment in the Formation of their young people already efficient active employment policies. In Xataka | The Z generation hooks the work ghosting: do not go to interviews or disappear on the first day of work In Xataka | Find work in less than nine months: the FP begins to fulfill its great promise to end youth unemployment Image | Unspash (Mitchell Luo, Flyckt Tobias)

Nintendo Switch 2 will have “Key cards”. And the big question is what it is for the future of physical format

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On June 5 it will be launched Nintendo Switch 2. In a one -hour event, the Japanese company has Clear almost all doubts That there was on its new console, but beyond being a celebration and although the presentation has been an avalanche of games, the aftertaste that has left among users is bittersweet. Nintendo Switch 2 will be retrocompatible with Siwtch 1 game cards, but to enjoy improvements We will have to pay. The price of the console will start from 470 euros in Europe (but in Japan it will be much cheaper so that more people can buy it, saying by Nintendo). And physical games They already go to 90 euros. In social networks, the conversation revolves around something else: the ‘Key or’ Game Key Card ‘Nintendo Switch 2. And it is a concept … controversial, at least. The “Key Key Card ‘Game Cards” Nintendo Switch 2 During the presentation, there were elements that Nintendo did not detail. For example, to know the price we had to enter the Nintendo Store, the same for the price of the games. And when he talked about the formats, the company just said two things: That the game cards will be the same size as those of Switch, but will be red and will read data at a higher speed. That normal microSD cards will not be compatible, since it will be necessary to buy microSD Express cards that read data at a speed, again. It is logical, because more demanding games at the visual level need storage support with a higher reading speed to be able to do streaming of data without interruptions. What did not say anything is one of the ‘game key cards’. Again, it is after the presentation when we find out about this matter, and it is the one that is raising blisters among users on social networks. In the Nintendo Support Pagethey say the following about this third alternative format to the physicist and digital: Game key cards are different from normal game cards since they do not contain complete game data. Instead, the game key card is your “key” to download the full game to your console through the Internet. After completing the download, you can insert the game key on your console and play as you do with a normal physical game card. They also show an example of the notice that will be in the physical cover: The operation is simple: we buy a box with this cartridge-lave, we introduce it in the console and we are given the possibility of downloading the game associated with it. The cartridge has no informationso the game is saved in the MicroSD Express that we have bought separately and will be from where it is executed. When we want to play that game, we will have to put the corresponding cartridge-lave, be connected to the Internet the first time we start it (subsequent starts do not need the Internet, but the cartridge-llave is already playing. It is a mixture between physical card and digital game. What is the point? The only one that occurs to me is that it is for games that have a higher weight to the maximum of the game cards or for small editors who want to have physical pretence in stores (although more caught with tweezers this). But of course, it also gives rise to another interpretation: Nintendo kills the conventional physical format. . Too much fog, but with precedents on switch Nintendo says clearly: “The game key cards are different from normal game cards, since they do not contain the complete game data” and “This is a box of a game key.” There are no need to clarify it, but these phrases would imply that, on the one hand, the normal game cards will be and, on the other, the key cards. There will be games that come inside the card and others whose card is simply an ‘activator’ For the game that you download from the eShop. Nintendo has said that Siwtch 2 game cards have a higher reading speed. If they are just an activator, it wouldn’t make sense, right? Supporting this theory, we have ‘Cyberpunk 2077’. Your responsible They affirm The following: “Nintendo Switch 2 owners can buy the game on a 64 GB game card or by digital download in the Nintendo Eshop.” The other interpretation, however, is that the “game key cards” are those of Switch 2 and the “normal game cards” those of Switch 1, which would imply a death of the ‘pure’ physical format on the new machine. And that is why it is mandatory to use MicroSD Express cards in Switch 2, because everything will go on them. That is the reading that is being done in networks and the one that gives rise to the company itself due to the diffuse messages. Currently, Nintendo already offers boxes that do not wear the game. An example is the ‘code in a box’ like that of ‘It Takes Two‘ either ‘Final Fantasy VII‘, Boxes that are in physical format, but do not have a game card: only a code to download them from eShop. On the other hand, titles like ‘Noire‘They have a giant notice of “requires Internet download.” I had not done the test until now, since I always had my connected switch, but I have put the game on the console, I have removed the connection to the network and … I can’t play. Basically, at least that is what it seems, that new notice of the Nintendo Switch 2 boxes makes it more clear that, or you have the Internet, or do not play that specific game. With the case of ‘La Noire’ I thought it was a certain additional content or some chapter that did not enter the ‘cartridge’. And it may be so, but the truth is that it does not let me play without downloading the data before. Other cases, such as the ‘Heritage Pack’ … Read more

He has just closed a key laboratory in Shanghai, according to SCMP

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Microsoft is one of the American technology with the greatest experience in China. Began operating in the country in 1992 and has since maintained several research centers. However, in recent months it has given replication signs in a context of growing geopolitical tensions. In May last year, It transpired that the company had started efforts to relocate between 700 and 800 employees, in addition to having carried out layoffs and to close their physical stores in the country. Now adds a new step: the closure of one of its most relevant laboratories in Zhangjiang, Shanghai. The label disappears, Microsoft too. According to Asian media as South China Morning E Post and it Homehe IoT & AI Insider Labcreated to boost national development in Internet Technologies of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), closed its doors earlier this year. The offices are empty and the company’s poster has already been removed. The laboratory was in a strategic area of ​​Shanghai, surrounded by key names of the technological sector. In that environment, companies such as Infineon Technologies, German semiconductor manufacturer, Baidu, the Chinese giant of internet searches, and the Commercial Aircraft manufacturer, have a presence. Zhangjiang High Technology Park (Baidu Maps capture) A Center with Global Ambition. The laboratory was inaugurated in May 2019 as a joint initiative between Microsoft China and the Zhangjiang state group. Its objective was to support the development of IA E IOT technologies applied to sectors such as industry, health, finance or retail trade. The IoT & AI Insider Lab in its inauguration in 2019 With an area of ​​2,800 square meters, it became the largest center of this type of Microsoft outside the United States. During his five years of operation, he supported 258 projects of about 100 companies. More than 50 of them captured financing worth 9.4 billion yuan (about 1.3 billion dollars). He also generated 139 technological developments and trained about 10,000 professionals. A replication underway. As we point out above, the closure of this center does not arrive by surprise. In 2023, Microsoft had already begun to offer relocations to employees of the Artificial Intelligence Area, in addition to closing all its physical stores in China and applying personnel cuts. In parallel, the company has hardened its internal security policies. According to BloombergIn 2024 he urged all his employees in China to use exclusively iPhones to access corporate platforms. The measure was related to the lack of access to Google Play in the country, which prevented the use of applications such as Microsoft Authenticator or Identity Pass on Android. In the search for greater security The withdrawal in China coincides with a Internal Security Review in Microsoftafter a wave of criticism for the management of computer attacks. A Russian group, identified as Midnight Blizzard, accessed corporate accounts and stole sensitive emails sent between federal agencies and the company. Images | Microsoft | ABODI VESAKARAN | Baidu Maps capture In Xataka | Huawei is beating income record thanks to China. It is just the beginning of his new era

The key is schedule flexibility

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Topics like The return to the officethe Reduction of the working day wave four -day work week They are on the debate table today. However, all these proposals are nothing more than different interpretations of a much deeper debate: that of the Flexibility of schedules For workers. The hourly flexibility: the holy grail of the modern employee. Teleworking and hybrid models are not just passing trends, they are The silent cry of employees who yearn for greater time flexibility. The International Labor Organization (ILO) He pointed outthat flexible schedules not only benefit employees by improving the balance between professional and personal life, but also contribute to increasing the Business productivity. The ‘Annual Labor Market Guide 2025‘From the consultant Hays, reveals that accessing a flexible work schedule is the second reason (with 24%) for which employees would consider face -to -face job, being obtained a higher salary the first reason (52%). The four -day week: Is it a solution? Although the four -day week is an excellent proposal for many other issues related to the template well -beingthe optimization of Processes in companies and the dynamization of local economydoes not give a complete response to time flexibility. While it is true that the four -day work week model implies a time reduction that leaves a greater margin of labor conciliation, continues to be a problem for caregivers (with children or relatives in charge). In this case, being flexible is not working one day less, but employees may vary the schedule to their convenience, provided that the number of hours worked or the agreed responsibilities are met. Mathilde Collin, CEO of the communication platform with the Front client, warnedIn a Fastcompany article that “simply shorten the number of days we work will not solve our problem. In fact, it could increase stress and exhaustion by compressing more meetings in less days, leaving less time for creative and reflective work.” Therefore, although the idea of ​​a shorter work week is attractive, it does not approach 100% the conciliation and flexibility needs that many employees value. The key to successful conciliation. Teleworking and other flexible work agreements, such as working for objectives or having flexible schedules, are effective not only because they offer the comfort of working From anywhere and They save transport costsbut because they allow the workday to be paused for Attend personal commitments or relatives without being subject to a schedule from nine to five. That is the true value of teleworking or the hybrid day, and the reason why they renounce their jobs. Not only do they give up having to go to an officebut for losing the control over schedule of his day. Return to the Flexible Office. The return to the office of some companies has generated tensions where there were not before, because this change implies a fixed assistance schedule. As revealed by Hays’ work trends report, these tensions would lower their intensity if companies include hourly flexibility in their return to the office policies. According to him ‘Report on work flexibility trends of 2024’ Prepared by Techsmith software developer, 75% of the companies participating in the study had not included labor flexibility options in their return policies to the offices. In fact, according to Data a study From the consultant McKinsey, 38 % of mothers with young children states that, without job flexibility measures, they would be forced to reduce their workday or abandon their companies. In Xataka | The four -day week is unfeasible for many companies. An alternative: work less hours, no less days Image | Unspash (Eduardo Alexandre, MD Arif Jawed)

What if the constants of the universe are not so constant? We have taken an important step to know. The key is on the nuclear clock

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Atomic watches have meant a before and after in our ability to measure time in an outraged way. These types of watches are precise at such a level that some of the most exact ones would be discouraged in less than a second at the time in which the universe has been existing. Despite this, these watches are not precise enough to solve one of the most important unknowns in physics. Closer to the nuclear clock. Now, however, we are a little closer to achieving a milestone that can open the door to solve this type of doubts, Nuclear watches. These watches will allow us to advance several orders of magnitude in the creation of time measurement apparatus, ultra -precise watches to investigate the new physics. From atomic to nuclear. The nomenclature can lead to confusion, and when we talk about atomic watches and nuclear watches we are not talking about the same technology. While the mechanism of atomic watches depends on the state of excitation of the atom electrons; in the Nuclear watchesthis depends on the particles in nucleus. As its name indicates. Atomic watches depend on the transitions in the state of their electrons. When they absorb energy, they can “jump” in their state. Jumps that can be reversed, only when this occurs, it is the electron that emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Something similar occurs in the nucleus of atoms, only that, being the most isolated nucleus of other physical interactions external to the atom, the transitions of their subatomic particles would be even more precise and reliable than those that occur in the atomic “shell” formed by electrons. Torio-229. To make a nuclear clock work, we also need to transfer energy to the atom, to its nucleus, of course. When we hit the nucleus with a specific frequency of electromagnetic radiation, we can change its energy state, as if it were a switch. Nuclear watches, such as atomic, would only have to tell the energy changes in this context. The problem is that causing these jumps in the atomic nucleus is also more difficult. The main difficulty is to excite atomic nuclei enough to cause the “jumps.” To do this we must hit these coherent X -rays nuclei, a high frequency X -ray type and therefore high energy. So much that, in general we do not have the necessary instruments to produce them. “In general”. And, as with electrons, not all these “jumps” require the same energy. Almost half a century ago, researchers realized that the isotope atomic nuclei Torio-229 (229th) It had a jump that required the energy equivalent to that of ultraviolet light. When requiring less energy, building a laser capable of transferring energy to the nucleus, it became Something feasible. Half a century of work. The “Nuclear Transition” of Torio It was discovered in 1976. But that was just the beginning. And it would not be until 2016 that we would observe and measure it. Measure it is key, since if we want to force the transition we must know the exact frequency with which we have to “bombard” the atomic nucleus of this isotope to be able to force it and activate the process. How close are we really? A few months ago, a group of researchers He tested Some of the key elements behind this technology, which allows us to get an idea of ​​how close we are to be able to create a nuclear clock based on 229th. The team tested an ultraviolet laser capable of creating precise energy to force jumps in the state of the nucleus. He also studied a “frequency grid” to directly measure these jumps. In addition, they also studied the transition from Torio-229. The details of the study were Published in an article In the magazine Nature. From dark matter to universal constants. And all this for what? Do we really need more precise watches than atomic? The truth is that this new technology would have important benefits, first for the scientific community, but also for all citizens. These watches They can help us to improve technologies such as GPS and other navigation systems; And also global Internet synchronization, also making the connection faster and safer communications. We would also open the door to more precise measurements that help us clarify some of the mysteries that persecute physicists such as dark matter. Maybe more importantly, these watches could help us develop experiments that resolve One of the most important doubts of physics, the one of universal constants They are really constant And they do not change depending on factors such as the age of the universe or the frame of reference in which we find ourselves, as we until now assumed. In Xataka | Cosmologists are increasingly clear where the most energy particles in the universe come from Image | Nsit

135,000 years ago, humans had developed a key component of universal culture: language

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A way of thinking about thousands of languages ​​spoken by humanity is visualizing them as branches of a tree, thus drawing The evolution of these languages over time. If we move forward in time, we will see the diversification of some languages ​​and the death of others. If we invest the time needle we can see the branch or the common trunk that joins some languages ​​with others. For example, if we draw the history of Galician and Romanian, we will see in Latin the common origin of these languages ​​spoken in remote areas of Europe. We can do the same exercise looking for the common trunk between Latin and the Swedish. For this we would have to go to prehistoric times, to a common trunk we call protoindoeuropeo And what would have been spoken Around 5,000 years. However, this does not serve to unite all the languages ​​spoken by humanity in the same tree. We do not know of a link that one languages ​​native to the Americas, the languages ​​of Asia and Oceania or the African languages ​​with the protoindeuropean. We do not even need to leave Europe to find languages ​​without known relationship: we can draw the common origin of the Finn and Hungarian, but we cannot unite these languages ​​to the Indo -European trunk. That leaves us with two possibilities. The first is that perhaps humans began to speak time after beginning the migratory movements that would lead us to adapt to life in various territories, which would imply that several native languages ​​arose independently. That is, there are several independent trees. The second indicates that this common trunk exists, but changes in languages ​​and the absence of written testimony and time have erased all trace of this native language in the known, alive or dead languages. All languages ​​have a common trunk, but perhaps we never find out their characteristics. The question of the original language can be presented as the problem of the egg and the chicken: what happened first, the appearance of speech or geographical disintegration of the human species? The interconnection between language and expansion of humanity is not mere curiosity because answering a question can help us Date more accurately Two of the key events in human evolution. A recent study He analyzed the issue through a review of scientific literature published in the last 18 years. The work examined 15 genetic studies that through different methodologies They tried to answer the question of when the populations of H. sapiensThey began to break down and lose contact with each other. The 15 works included three based on the chromosome information and, the patrilinerally inherited chromosome; Three focused on mitochondrial DNA, inherited matrilinerally; and the rest studied the set of human chromosomes. The team made a meta -analysis, a quantitative study based on the results compiled in the compiled works, to obtain a new estimate of the last era in which in which All humanity shared spaces In the same region. The estimate indicated that this happened about 135,000 years ago. The team concludes from this data that human language had to have an origin prior to this original diaspora. They start from the idea that, if language had not existed in this origin, we should have found any human society without language or, at least, with a radically different communicative form from what we know as speaks. The details of the study were Published in an article In the magazineFrontiers in Psychology. An evolution in several phases But what exactly is speech? According to Explain the team itselfprevious studies had already pointed out that Other hominid speciesprevious to sapiens They had the ability to speak. The nuance is that this does not guarantee the existence of a language, however simple it is. The issue for the team is not when humans, H. sapiens Or other species, they began to emit sounds, but when they began to develop the language “as we know it”, that is, “combining vocabulary and grammar in a system”, a system capable of generating an indefinite amount of expressions based on their own rules. “Human language is quantitatively different because there are two things, words and syntax, which work at the same time to create this Very complex system”, explained in a press release Shigeru Miyagawa, study co -author. “No other animal has a corresponding structure in its communication system. And that gives us the ability to generate very sophisticated thoughts and communicate them with others.” Miyagawa and his team also refer to the archaeological record to support their conclusions. As they explain, the archaeological record that has left us evidence of the existence of the type of complex thought that supports the language, evidence that date back 100,000 years ago in time. The team refers to this to artifacts that denote a “symbolic activity”, such as objects in objects or the decorative use of the ocher, a pigment. We have known for a long time that H. sapiens It has not been the only human species capable of reaching these levels of abstraction. It is perhaps that is why The debate To what extent species like Neanderthals H. Neanderthalensis They could have developed speech or even language Be far from setting up. In your articleThe team indicates that, although the “complex behaviors” such as burials and body decoration They can also be associated with these species, ours would have been the only one to have systematized them throughout the population. In Xataka | We just found the lost link of human evolution: the first bone toolbox Image | Pxhere / Chivi1085

A recruiter has given the key to what is the perfect time to find a new job: in March

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In the same way that it is convenient to wait for the right time to request a salarythe job search also has its “sweet point” at a certain moment of the year in which the options of Find a new job They increase. As Beatriz Gómez, a specialist in Human Resources, in a hung video In your Tiktok profileMarch is the more conducive month to find a job due to the specific situation in the internal processes of companies. Choose the perfect moment According to HR expert, the month of March is the key moment for those who wish to find a new job. This is because, after Christmas holidays, companies spend the months of January and February in internal organization processes and Fiscal year closure. During those first months of the year, companies approve the annual budgets they have been preparing during the final months of the year. In these budgets the growth strategies of the companies are established, so Green light is given to new vacancies to cover the expansion objectives of the selected departments. Similarly, during the first weeks of the year, companies close their budgets for new projects and orders, so it is more likely to open new personnel selection processes for cover employment vacancies and reinforce the template during these first months of the year. Review templates Gómez points out that, in addition, between January and February the Performance assessments of all its employees. That leaves the door open to new additions to replace those employees who have not met the marked objectives. On the other hand, many employees decide take the new year To start a new stage in your work career, so the Hiring activity intensifies during the first quarter of the year. In parallel to the performance assessments of the entire template, the salary increaseswhich are one of the main reasons for job dissatisfaction. “A lot of talent does not agree with that increase and end up leaving,” the number of vacancies increasing during this period. This hiring pattern at the beginning of the year is not something new, but It is repeated cyclically every year. Gómez explains that fluctuations in work teams and in the need for personnel are part of the natural flow of companies. The data is right This “sweet point” for job search has its reflection in the official employment data that the INE collects in the Active Population Survey. Leaving aside the annual trends, there is a constant that is repeated year after year: the employment figures recorded during the first quarter of the year are always better than those of the fourth quarter of the previous year and, in many cases, than those of the second quarter of the same year. Unfortunately, You can’t always choose When to look for a new jobbut if you have been active job search for a few months, March can be a very conducive month to find the job opportunity you were waiting for, given the “need for new additions and job opportunities,” Gomez said in his video. In Xataka | If your chair holds in a job interview, it is no accident: they are evaluating more than your curriculum Image | Unspash (TIM MOSSHOLDER)

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