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The effect of heat on our heart rate when playing in summer

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It is the summer stamp: go running or riding by bike and, a few minutes later, the pulsometer is triggered to figures that do not correspond to the effort. And it’s not a strange thing to see. It is the body that is trying to respond to a series of stimuli such as heat and exercise, and understanding its physiology is important for Do not turn sports into a health risk. Exercising in summer is a great challenge. In this situation the body is forced to respond to two specific demands. On the one hand, Muscles in action need a lot of energy in the form of ATP To contract. However, this is an inefficient process, since It only takes advantage of between 20 and 25% of the ‘produced’ energy releasing the remaining 80% in the form of heat. This energy in the case of not dissipating it correctly can raise internal body temperature by 1 ºC every 5-10 minutes. How to avoid it. On the other hand, to avoid precisely that lethal overheating, the body thermoregulatory center located in the hypothalamus, Activate powerful cooling mechanisms. One of them is to pump huge volumes of hot blood from the body nucleus to the skin, causing it to be red by that large amount of blood that is going through the surface of the body. This double duty is the fundamental reason why the pulse shoots and becomes the most sensitive and critical indicator of the stress to which the body is subjected The organism has to compensate. These two situations cannot be carried out in parallel, but A balance must be achieved. And it is that when the system is taken to the limit by the intensity of the exercise and the severity of heat, something has to yield. Or blood flow is reduced to the muscles, limiting the ability to maintain rhythm, or the flow to the skin is committed, limiting heat dissipation and increasing body temperature to dangerous limits. Understanding this internal negotiation is key to understand why training in summer is much more than a simple matter of willpower. The skin becomes a giant radiator. The first and most powerful response of the body to the increase in skin temperature and body nucleus It is body vasodilation. Controlled by the ‘thermostat’ of the body, the preoptic area of ​​the anterior hypothalamus, this mechanism causes the blood vessels close to the skin to widen and make it become a refrigerator. Under resting conditions and neutral temperature, the cutaneous blood flow is just about 300 ml/min. However, during an intense exercise in a hot environment, this flow It can shoot until reaching 7 or 8 liters per minute. Something that also represents around 50 and 70% of all cardiac output. And this is a simple deviation of resources with the objective of dissipating heat by convection and radiation. Although it is not free. It has an important cardiovascular cost. The heart accelerates to compensate. The fact of opening the ‘pipes’ that lead the blood to the skin causes the heart to have to activate an important compensation mechanism so that the organs remain perfused. We talk about heart rate, which will be increased. The objective is to maintain cardiac output, so that blood pressure is stabilized despite the low peripheral resistance due to vasodilation. A crucial aspect of this process is speed. The initial increase in heart rate is an incredibly fast neural reflex, triggered by Thermal skin receptors. This response often precedes any significant increase in central body temperature. This shows that the body not only reacts to heat, but anticipates it, preparing the cardiovascular system for the thermoregulatory battle that is coming. The key is in cardiovascular drift. Any athlete who trains with a pulsometer in summer will have noticed a disconcerting phenomenon: even maintaining a constant rhythm, the pulse tends to rise progressively throughout the training. This is something that has been documented and called ‘cardiovascular derives‘, which is defined as the gradual and continuous increase in the heart rate that occurs during a prolonged exercise of constant intensity, accompanied by a decrease in systolic volume (the amount of blood that the heart pumps in each beat). And precisely the heat stimulates the two mechanisms that drive this phenomenon: The increase in skin flow by vasodilation. This causes blood to ‘stagnate’ temporarily on the periphery, which reduces venous return. This means that the heart does not fill so much in each beat, and therefore the amount of blood that will expel will be less. Dehydration Sudoration is essential to cool the complete system, but it entails a loss of body fluids, mainly from the blood plasma. This again reduces that the blood returns to the heart so that the same volume can be pumped. And to compensate the only thing left is to increase the heart rate. The pulse increase per centigrade grade. Once the ‘why’ of this increase in heart rate is known, an athlete is interested in knowing the ‘how much’. And the reality is that studies have established a very useful general rule to know how our body temperature increases when exercising: In dry heat conditions, with environmental temperatures above 24 ° C, the heart rate Increase approximately one beat per minute for each celsius degree of temperature increase. In wet heat conditions, the impact is multiplied. Here the increase in heart rate triggers between 2 and 4 beats per minute for each degree Celsius that increases the ambient temperature. This difference is not trivial. Exercise at 34 ° C in a dry climate (10 ° C above the threshold of 24 ° C) could involve an increase of about 10 beats per minute in the heart rate for the same effort. On the other hand, to those same 34 ° C, but with a high humidity, the increase could be 20 to 40 beats per minute. This additional load on the heart explains why we call as ’embarrassing’ feels much more … Read more

The C929 wants to be the great leap of China in commercial aviation. For now, your heart remains in Western hands

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For years, the domain of commercial sky has been in the hands of two giants: Airbus and Boeing. China wants to break that hegemony, and is willing to do it with its own name in the cabin. Comacthe China commercial aircraft corporationhe has been trying to make planes capable of competing with global references for years. First was the C919. Now, the bet is redoubled with The C929. This new model, even in a preliminary design phase, represents the most serious ambition of Beijing for placing a long -range plane on the international board. The objective is clear: to deal with heavyweights such as the Airbus A330neohe A350 or the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. And the figures accompany: capacity for about 280 passengers, an estimated autonomy of 12,000 kilometers and a design that, on paper, would allow to cover routes such as Beijing – New York. The internal deployment of C919: a discreet but strategic conquest The C919 has not conquered the global sky, but it has begun to take off within China. Since It was officially presented in 2017has gone through years of evidence, certifications and adjustments. SCMP points out thatas of June 2025, about 18 units fly domestic routes, mainly operated by airlines such as China Eastern. It may seem little, but the fact that it works only in China is not necessarily a failure. On the contrary: We talk about one of the largest aviation markets on the planet. And in that context, having its own plane capable of covering regional routes without depending on Western manufacturers is already, in itself, a strategic movement. The real commitment of Comac, however, is the C929. A plane from Width and long scope fuselage which aims to stand up to the most advanced models in the market. The project has won impulse in recent months: Air China signed an agreement To become a launch customer, and a supplier has reported that he hopes to deliver the first fuselage section in 2027. PROMOTIONAL IMAGE OF COMAC C-929 The development of C929 has a peculiar history. In the beginning, it was a joint effort with Russia. The project was then known as CR929, under the baton of a mixed company between Comac and the UAC Russian, called CRAIC (China-Russia Commercial Aircraft International Corporation). However, political tensions, the invasion of Ukraine and international sanctions on Moscow ended up forcing The dissolution of that alliance. Since 2023, Comac has moved on solo, turning C929 into an exclusively Chinese project. Comac has presented this plane highlighting several advanced technologies, including a Optimized aerodynamicsstate -of -the -art engines and integration of smart flight systems. In theory, it is a plane at the height of its western competitors. A C-919 Landing in China But there is a key detail: to fly, the C929 needs much more than Chinese wings. His “technological heart” continues to depend on the West. Safranthe French giant of the aerospace industry, He has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with COMAC to supply the brake system, ice detection, tire pressure sensors and oxygen system. For her part, the American Crane Aerospace will provide sensors for cabin doors. Although these agreements show that Comac is still able to attract international suppliers, they also put an uncomfortable reality on the table: their program remains, to a large extent, Tied to foreign technology. And that, in an uncertain global context, is a latent risk. The Russian precedent that China cannot ignore Russia offers a mirror. The latest Western sanctions cut off the country’s access to key components for its aeronautical industry. The TU-214a half-long reach that could transport between 155 and 210 passengers and fly to about 6,500 kilometers, was severely limited. Many of their critical systems depended on foreign technology. Moscow has worked since then in local substitutions, but possibly at the expense of performance and reliability. China, of course, has proven to be very resilient. He has dodged restrictions in sectors such as semiconductors, and has learned to convert traction obstacles. However, a change in United States commercial policy I could leave them without western engine. “If the US authorities prevent ge supplies the engine, then there will be no CFM engine,” A spokeswoman for Safran warned during the Paris Aeronautical Hall. Images | Comac In Xataka | The C919 Comac

This map distributes the “heart” of Europe over the Iberian Peninsula. And reveals the key to the success of the region

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Maps are useful, fascinating and sometimes almost almost An art form. However, they do not always allow us to understand real dimensions and distances well. Especially when we talk about broad territories. A map published in Urbanity.one (and shared by Madrid projects) With a peculiar approach: its author has taken some of the main cities of Central Europe, the metropolis of the one known as “Blue Banana”and has distributed them on a plane of the Iberian Peninsula respecting The real distances. The result reminds us of two things. The first, the considerable size That has Spain. The second, how close the cities of Central Europe, a crucial factor to understand the history and economic development of the region. As a picture is worth more than a thousand words, at the end of the 1980s the Geographer Roger Brunet decided to invent A visual metaphor to refer to the most populous and urbanized region in Europe. He called her The “Blue Banana”. Maybe it sounds strange, but it makes enough sense when a map is taken. If the cities of the European industrial axis are connected, covering from England to the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and northern Italy, that is: the drawing of A huge banana Located more or less between Manchester, Munich, Zurich and Rome. How big is that “Banana” imaginary? The first response to mind is obvious: very much, right? In Madrid it projects They have shared However, a map that helps to understand that this abstract axis is actually much smaller than what intuition suggests. At least if we compare it with Spain. The reason is very simple. Its author has selected the metropolis that are distributed by that theoretical axis that structures Europe Central and has arranged them on a map of the Iberian Peninsula respecting the real distances between them. The result It shows that Cambridge would be more or less where Vigo is, Rotterdam would stay up to Valladolid, Bremen in Pamplona, ​​Stuttgart almost where Alicante is and Paris would more or less occupy the place of Badajoz. In the center of the Peninsula, in Madrid, it would be located (kilometer up, kilometer down) Düsseldorf and the Barcelona space would occupy by Linz, an Austrian city. The cast may be striking, but it arrives with pulling Google Maps and its measurement tool for Check the distances. Between London and Paris there are about 340 km in a straight line, just under those that separate Madrid and Granada. If we pull a straight line from Rome to Munich would measure approximately 700 kilometers, a little less than Barcelona to Córdoba. Comparisons are interesting for several reasons. The main one is that they remind us The great size of Spain. The Iberian Peninsula measures just over 583,000 km2 and Spain occupies approximately 505,000taking into account the 12,500 km2 of island surface. That makes our country one of the most extensive of the community club, together with France and Sweden and Germany. A wide disposition of land is both an opportunity and a challenge in aspects as a distribution of the population or provision of services. The other great conclusion left by the map Shared by Madrid projects It is the close thing that are actually the Central European metropolis and their main industrial poles, population centers and strategic axes of political decision -making, a proximity that has influenced the development and integration of Europe. Images | Urbanity.one and Madrid projects (x) In Xataka | The demographic debacle in Europe, exposed on this map with a misleading guest: Monaco

It will build a repair center in the heart of China

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As of April 1 ASML will not be able to sell To its Chinese clients its measurement and inspection equipment of integrated circuits. Dutch administration has tightened its controls export to China, aligning with The sanctions approved by the US At the beginning of last December. In practice, these prohibitions force the largest manufacturer of the planet’s lithography equipment to request licenses from the Netherlands government to export a good part of its machines. However, this is not all. At the end of last February several US officials They met with their Dutch and Japanese counterparts With a firm purpose: negotiate what steps can take to drastically limit the participation of ASML and Japanese Tokyo Electron engineers in the maintenance of semiconductor production equipment that are being used by their Chinese customers. China is already the largest Asml market The sanctions that the US governments and the Netherlands are approving are degrading the ASML business in China. It is inevitable if we are in mind that this European company cannot sell its most advanced lithography equipment to its Chinese clients. And neither can some maintenance and after -sales services services provide. The most surprising thing is that despite the current situation the Chinese market is increasingly important for ASML. Despite the current situation, the Chinese market is increasingly important for Asml In 2022 the sales of this company in China amounted to 2.9 billion euros, which represented 13.8% of its annual sales. At that time Taiwan was a more important market for Asml than China. In fact, in 2023 the clients of the island bought lithography equipment for a total value of 8,100 million euros, while its Chinese clients disbursed 7.3 billion euros. And, curiously, in 2024 China was consolidated as the largest market for ASML with total sales of 10.2 billion euros. To understand where this figure comes from, we need to keep in mind something important. As we have seen, ASML cannot sell its most advanced equipment to its Chinese clients, such as the machines of extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE) or deep ultraviolet (UVP), but at the moment you can deliver the solutions that allow producing chips with mature integration technologies. These are the semiconductors that are mostly used in cars, appliances or electronic devices, among other products, and usually occur in nodes of 28 nm or less advanced. Anyway all these machines need maintenance. And ASML is determined to guarantee it to its Chinese clients beyond the very likely reluctance that US governments and the Netherlands can put. According to SCMP This company will build a repair and reuse of lithography equipment in the heart of China. In Beijing. This decision comes at a time when The tension between the US and China is maximumso, in reality, it is a very clear statement of intentions: ASML will protect your business in China at all costs. We will see what the government’s response led by Donald Trump will be. Image | ASML More information | SCMP In Xataka | Japan wants to recover leadership as a manufacturer of lithography equipment. And he has a plan to end the Asml monopoly

Apple Watch technology in headphones. Measuring heart rate is no longer just a clock

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Apple bought Beats Music and Beats Electronics in 2014 and, although the AirPods are still the most recognizable headphones of the company, the development of Beats has not stopped since then. The Powerbeats pro 2 They are the new beatic headphones and, in addition to respecting the hook format that works so much in the sports market, these are the first headphones under the Apple umbrella that land with A curious function: heart rhythm monitoring. These headphones, at a technical level, arrive with cancellation of active noise, adaptive equalization, space audio, Apple H2 chip and total compatibility with Apple devices (hands -free with Siri, network search, link with a single touch, etc.) They promise an autonomy of up to 10 hours Of continuous reproduction, they work with Qi wireless loaders and are resistant to both sweat and water. What is expected of beats that are launched at a price of 299.95 euros. What does a cardiac monitoring sensor paint in headphones Made the presentations, the clear doubt comes in its key specification. These powerbeats are capable of Measure our frequency in real time. They become the first Beats product to incorporate this monitoring. But how do they work in headphones? According to Beats, a lot of development has been invested to design and locate these control sensors. In this case, They are located right next to the padand make green light more than 100 times per second. The company details that the years of research in heart rate control of Apple Watch have been used to continue this development in the headphones, reducing technical architecture to 1/16 of its original size to integrate it into a headset, without compromising comfort or precision. Beyond marketing, Apple has trimmed Apple Watch sensors to implement them in these headphones. And, yes, they will only work if you have both positions. The goal is to offer an alternative to the smart watch, so that athletes can measure their heart rate while wearing headphones. They are a solution for those fashionable sports, such as Crossfit or Hyrox, in which it is not possible to train with a clock placed. Headphones as a health complement Apple has not been the first to introduce heart rhythm sensors into headphones. Amazfit got it in 2020 with its Powerbudssome headphones of less than 100 euros, and Anker sells his Soundcore with a “similar” technology. The quoted is mandatory because, to date, Apple Watch heart rate measurement is one of the most reliable proposals. If Beats has managed to take this technology to its headphones, at least on paper, They should lead this land. Beyond this particular case, these headphones They will be an excellent thermometer. They can be the door that, in the near future, Apple Airpods incorporate heart rhythm sensor. A movement that would make enough sense, seen the clear health approach that the company’s products have. Image | Beats In Xataka | Apple Watch 10. Who is who in the Smart Watches range of Apple

Four heart -shaped donuts that will rejoice your Valentine’s Day

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Inspired by Valentine’s Day and the customs of giving sweets or flowers to our loved ones, Krispy Kreme Create The new Hearts in Bloom collection that comes an arrangement with four heart -shaped donuts. It is a collection Created to combine the habit of giving flowers with sweets with four new donuts with flavors such as strawberry, chocolate, caramel and colored confectionery. Each has a delicate design with glaze that range from pink, lilac tones, red to the softer colors such as yellow. Four new donuts to celebrate Valentine’s Meet the new collection of Krispy Kreme donuts that we detail below: You Make My Daisy Doughnut: A heart -shaped donut stuffed with the brand’s cream, bathed in strawberry flavor, with details in yellow glazed and with a piece of candy in the form of margarita. Donut Love You Bunches: A heart -shaped donut, stuffed with chocolate cream, bathed in red glazed, with pink and red confectionery curls that resemble a bouquet of flowers and green stems. Blooming Heart Doughnuts: A heart -shaped donut with a cookie flavor and cream flavor, with a delicate purple and sprinkled glaze with hearts in flower sparks. Donut You Are My Sunshine: Another heart -shaped dona with the cream filling of the chocolate glaze brand, with a piece of sunflower caramel and a green stem. A collection to express love to family and friends The new donuts of the Hearts in Bloom collection of Krispy Kreme, are available in their special presentation with a box with design inspired by Valentine’s Day or individually, in the store, through the application or to collect. The Hearts in Bloom collection is perfect “to share love and appreciation with someone special in your life this Valentine’s Day,” said Dave Skena, Krispy Kreme Growth Director in a statement. It is a product inspiring the love that combines taste for flowers and sweets, designed for all audiences. “They may like flowers, but they will love our beautiful and delicious flower -shaped donuts. They are perfect for lovers, family, friends and co -workers, ”he added. Continue reading: – Krispy Kreme celebrates 12/12 giving dozens of donuts-Krispy Kreme presented 3 new donuts for Christmas–Krispy Kreme presented 3 new donuts for Christmas (Tagstotranslate) d \ u00eda of Valentine

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