factory

The fastest factory keys in the world

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On the southeast coast of South Korea there is an installation that has somewhat redefined what the mass production of cars means. And it is that the Hyundai plant in Ulsan is not only the largest vehicle factory in the world if we talk about extension, but has managed to integrate manufacturing, quality control and global distribution in such an efficient process that today is capable of producing A new car every ten seconds. The figures speak for themselves. With a manufacturing capacity of 1.5 million vehicles annuallythis installation almost doubles all the production of vehicles of countries like Italywhich has about 23 different factories. To put this productive capacity in perspective, the ULASAN plant could have covered 98% of all sales of new cars in Italy during 2024. Image: Hyundai The secret is in integration. What makes Ulsan unique is not only its size, which reaches more than 485 hectares (the equivalent of 680 soccer fields), but its revolutionary concept: it is the only automotive plant in the world Integrated own port. While other factories must transport their vehicles to external ports, here the cars pass directly from the production line to the ship, eliminating dead times and logistics costs. Mass production. The installation houses five operational factories plus a motor and transmissions plant, with production lines that work 18 hours a day. 17 different models are manufactured, from the Hyundai Santa Fe and Tucson to the entire Genesis range. In fact, a sixth exclusive plant for electric vehicles will open during the first quarter of 2026 To produce genesis. From the line to the ocean in minutes. After passing the quality controls, the newly finished vehicles are directed to a huge parking lot next to the dock. There, specialized drivers They carry them on huge transport ships by steep ramps. Once the load is finished, these same drivers run away on foot and go up to an Hyundai Saria to go to the next vehicle lot. Complete urban transformation. The magnitude of the project has completely transformed the region. When Hyundai began the construction in 1968, Ulsan was a fishing village of 30,000 inhabitants. Today it houses 1.1 million people, and has become the industrial center of South Korea. The presence of Hyundai is so significant that there is even a highway with the name of the company’s founder, and hospitals, schools and restaurants proudly carry the name of the brand. Giant numbers. Every 24 hours A loaded ship comes out of the port of Ulsan. 75% of the annual production is exported to more than 200 countries, with destinations such as California, which receive up to 6,000 vehicles in a single ship after 13 days of crossing through the Pacific. The plant uses 34,000 people directly, more inhabitants than the entire city had when the factory was founded. An unrepeatable model. “This unique way of producing and exporting cars saves as much money and time, and it is the key reason why Hyundai can manufacture so many vehicles every year,” assured A person in charge of the plant. An efficiency model that began in 1968 as a small assembly installation where Ford Cortina was assembled by hand, and today represents the cusp of large -scale automotive production. Cover image | Hyundai In Xataka | “In five years there will only be five brands”: the XPEng CEO is clear about the future apocalyptic of Chinese cars

A “key molecules” factory “

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He James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has given us another image for memory, but this time, beauty hides a fundamental discovery about the Chemistry of the Universe. An international astronomer team ha used the powerful webb infrared eye To unravel the complex NGC 6302 structure, better known as the Butterfly. Trying to solve a great astrophysics question. The team of scientists has found in this nebula what could be the first direct evidence of a place of training of Policy aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a planetary nebula. These molecules, carbon compounds and fundamental for Prebiotic chemistrythey are an essential ingredient in the cosmos, and understanding where and how they are created is one of the great questions of astrophysics. A chemical puzzle in the heart of the butterfly. The butterfly nebula, located about 3,800 light years awayis the spectacular remnant of a dying star much more massive than our sun. In its center is one of the most known hot stars, with a surface temperature of approximately 220,000 Kelvins. This star bombards with ultraviolet radiation the remains of gas and dust that she expelled, creating the intricate and bright ‘wings’ that give her her characteristic name. However, NGC 6302 presented an enigma that brought scientists heading. Your spectrum It showed the simultaneous presence of oxygen rich dust (such as crystalline silicates) and carbon rich molecules (the PAH). This is extremely unusual, since the chemistry of an evolved star usually opts for one of the two elements, depending on whether in its atmosphere there is more carbon or more oxygen. Finding both in abundance was like mixing water and oil. The Webb turns on the light in the dark. Using the Miri instrument (MID-Infrared Instrument) of the JWST, the researchers led by Mikako Matsuura of the University of Cardiff, managed to create a detailed chemical map of the heart of the nebulose, a dense and darkened area by dust. This map deserved an article in the magazine Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society where a much more dynamic and complex structure was revealed than was thought. An astronomical treasure. The study confirmed the existence of a dense album of dust and gas that surrounded the central star. And the album is a real treasure, because it not only contains a huge mass (between 0.8 and 3 times the mass of our sun), but is composed of grains of large crystalline silicates. This supports the theory that this dust was formed in an environment of high intensity and slowly, conditions that would be given on a stable album, perhaps influenced by a companion star, and not in the rapid and chaotic stellar wind. Violent bubbles and a PAH factory. One of the most surprising findings is that the nebula is not being formed by a continuous and soft stellar wind. Instead, Webb reveals that the central star has generated a series of hot gas bubbles in violent and intermittent expulsions. It is precisely on the edge of one of these “internal bubbles” where the “Eureka” moment occurred. The scientists observed a clear stratification of the materials. Specifically, an inner layer of highly ionized gases was seen, such as magnesium and silicon, very close to the star. More outside a layer of ionized hydrogen. And coinciding with this layer, or slightly more outside, a layer of molecular hydrogen. But the most interesting thing is that the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is even more outside the layers. Something unusual to what is already known. This provision is different from that of other regions of Well -studied star traininglike the Orion bar. The researchers argue that the shock wave generated by the expansion of the hot bubble creates the perfect conditions of radiation and temperature in the material that is right in front. This shock front triggers a chemistry that allows the formation of PAH molecules in that specific strip. Instead of being remains of the star’s past, these complex molecules would be manufactured right now, as a result of the violent nebula dynamics. Why is it important? With this research, a first step has been taken to decipher the origin of Complex molecules in our universewhich are considered fundamental construction blocks for the precursors of life. Understanding where and how they are manufactured in the cosmos is crucial to understand the carbon cycle in the universe and the availability of prebiotic ingredients in galaxies that give a new life. The study also demonstrates that the butterfly nebula was not formed by a soft and continuous stellar wind, but by a series of violent and energy bursts. This changes our understanding about how stars die like the sun and how their elements return to space, demonstrating that the final phase of the life of a star can be a much more dynamic process than was thought. Images | POT In Xataka | Spacex has just published unpublished images of the “Rostized” Starship. A unique perspective of his shock after the toughest reentry

The TSMC factory in Arizona is going well, although its chips are more expensive than those of Taiwan

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Lisa her, the general director of AMD, He has just confirmed what we suspect since the beginning of this year: semiconductors that It is already manufacturing The new TSMC plant in Phoenix (Arizona) are Between 5 and 20% more expensive that the comparable integrated circuits produced in Taiwan. AMD will receive its first chips manufactured in this plant at the end of 2025, and given the increase in costs with all likelihood its market price It will be taller than that of semiconductors from Taiwan. Even so, Smooth his He maintains that the existence of this factory in the US is good news for all, for companies and users, because it contributes to the diversification of the supply of the chips and the strengthening of the distribution chain. According to histhanks to this plant and those that will arrive in the future will be more difficult for it to occur again A semiconductor crisis As serious as the one that triggered the Covid-19 pandemic between 2020 and 2023. Despite all the performance of the TSMC factory in Arizona it is high According to financial journalist Walter BloombergTSMC will increase the price of integrated circuits produced by 30% in the US to compensate for the costs triggered by tariffs on the production equipment of imported chips from Europe and Japan. Of course, the Government led by Donald Trump has not yet revealed how the import tariffs of photolithography machines used by TSMC, Intel or Samsung plants in the US will affect the importation tariffs. N4 and N4P lithographs are part of the TSMC Finfet Integration Technologies Family In mid -April 2024 CC Wei, the executive who at that time held the reins of TSMC, advance that the increase in costs derived from the manufacture of integrated avant -garde circuits in the plants that the company has outside of Taiwan It would be assumed by both TSMC and its customers: “If my client wants to manufacture in a specific area (out of Taiwan) then TSMC and the client himself will have to share the increase in costs (…) We are already discussing it with our customers.” Whatever it is beyond the costs linked to the production of chips in the US, The TSMC factory in Arizona is fine. This plant is manufacturing semiconductors in the N4 node (5 Nm). Lithographs N4 and N4P are part of the TSMC Finfet integration technologies family, although on paper the N4P process is a bit more refined. In any case, the plant we are talking about will not be the only one that this company will have in Arizona. The second factory will be operational in 2028 and will produce integrated circuits in N3 (3 Nm) and N2 (2 Nm) nodes. And finally, the third factory will not be listed at all until the end of this decade and It will produce chips in the node N2 (2 nm). TSMC can manufacture integrated 2 nm circuits In its US plants, although the Taiwanese administration will cauture the use of this technology in the country led by Donald Trump. “Private companies must make their own commercial decisions covered in their own technological progress (…) TSMC is building factories in the US with the purpose of serving their US clients because 60% of the world’s chip designer companies are based precisely in the US.” These words of Jw KuoMinister of Economic Affairs of Taiwan, are a declaration of intentions. It will be interesting to verify how the relationship of the US and Taiwan governments in the future prosper. Image | TSMC More information | SCMP In Xataka | The US confesses its worst nightmare: if China invades taiwan and controls TSMC the US economy will go to pique

A huge secret factory is tilting the balance in the Ukraine War. Russia is multiplying a relentless army

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The war in Ukraine has entered a stage of tactical saturation where volume, rather than sophistication, has become The decisive weapon. Russia It has increased And much the use of Shahed drone swarms in Russian territory under the Geran denominationmanaging to pierce Ukrainian defenses at an unprecedented rate. How much? A video has revealed what is about to happen. Swarm war. I remembered The Financial Times that, according to official data, between April and June 2025, the percentage of drones that managed to impact their objectives reached 15%tripling the success rate of the previous three months. It We count: On the night of July 9, he marked a record when Russia launched 728 Drones and Shahed, along with Kinzhal and Iskander Balistic missiles, in a clear attempt to saturate and overflow the Ukrainian aerial defenses. This tactic demonstrates that the massive use of cheap platforms can overcome expensive and sophisticated defense systems, exposing a critical point: the imbalance between cost and effectiveness in modern combat. Gera-3 and a lethal machine. The technical improvements introduced by Moscow in their drones have raised their effectiveness notably. Among them stands out The Geran-3a vturbocharged arizing capable of reaching speeds of up to 800 km/h in chopped, which makes it almost invulnerable to the traditional anti -aircraft weapons mounted in trucks, such as heavy machine guns. In addition, current shahed can fly to greater altitudeavoiding the optimal impact areas of terrestrial defenses. This change, rather than reflecting Ukrainian weakening, shows the Russian capacity to quickly adapt its attack doctrine and exploit the weaknesses of the adversary. The Night wavespersistent and combined with more sophisticated missiles, they seek to wear not only the technical defenses of Ukraine, but also the moral of their population and force political concessions through exhaustion. A horror factory. And this is where Russia’s last announcement appears. Moscow He has revealed to the world which describes as its greatest and more Secret drone plant: Alabuga’s industrial complex, in the Tartaristan region, where Geran suicide drones are assembled. The plant, located in the Yelabuga Industrial Park and officially launched in 2023, appears In a video of the Russian military channel Zvezda, who does not spare to show adolescents operating work stations and manipulating technological pieces in assembly lines. According to Timur ShagivalievExecutive Director of the Special Economic Zone of Alabuga, the installation has multiplied by nine its planned production, reaching a monthly rate of 5,200 units Between attack drones and lure models, which converts it, he says, “the largest plant of its kind in the world.” The scene, no doubt, is disturbing: teenagers building weapons designed to kill a great distance, while the Kremlin presumes a relentless manufacturing capacity. Geran-2, cheaper. If the third version is the most advanced, its predecessor, the direct version of the Shahed-136 Iranian, is the drone Factory Key. We talked about a 3.5 -meter device with a 50 kg eye, a cruise speed of 300 km/Hy a range of 1,800 km. Its estimated cost of between $ 35,000 and $ 49,000 makes it an affordable massive destruction tool, ideal to saturate enemy defensive systems. Compared to western interceptors such as Patriot missile (valued at several million dollars per unit) The Geran-2 embodies an asymmetric disruption: cheap, resistant, easy to manufacture in mass and with a devastating psychological effect. New strategic threshold. To the Russian drone industry, with that Alabuga factory At the head, news has been added that has put Ukraine alert. Russia prepares to achieve unprecedented attack capacity: the simultaneous launch of 2,000 drones against kyivaccording to the German general Christian FreudingHead of the Working Group for Ukraine of the Ministry of Defense of Germany. This figure, which completely redefines the scale of the unmanned war 2 million FPV and 30,000 long -range drones or lure, According to reports of Ukrainian external intelligence (Szru). Overwhelmed defense. Ukraine, meanwhile, has responded to all this machinara with a combination of classic techniques In interceptor drones. In fact, Zelenski recently announced a according to Eric Schmidtformer executive director of Google and current leader of Swift Beat, for the co -production of hundreds of thousands of drones, including interceptors. According to the Ukrainian president, these devices are already Broving dozens of Shaheds In each attack and begin to demonstrate good results, with hundreds of confirmed eliminations in just one week. In any case, to be effective against the new flight profile of Russian drones, these interceptors must reach speeds of at least 200 km/hy altitudes of up to 6 km, capacities that allow to counteract saturation attacks that easily overflow the Ukrainian mobile units armed with technology from the mid -twentieth century. Adaptation without truce. The scenario is part of a dynamic of continuous evolution Between offensive and defensive: A cycle of innovation and counter-innovation that accelerates exponentially. Andrew Turner, former Air Marshal of the Royal Air Force and current director of Saibre Capital, summed up in the Times This dynamic as a “persistent staircase and countermeasures that in Ukraine is renewed every 14 days.” Thus, the conflict has become an accelerated laboratory of unmanned air war, where the decisive factor is no longer the number of fighters or tanks, but the ability to produce and adapt swarms of autonomous machines at a faster pace that the enemy can respond. A single color. In short, the drone war In Ukraine it has reached a new level of complexity. On the one hand, Russia has managed to integrate successfully volume, speed and saturation to create a constant threat that escapes traditional air defense schemes. On the other, Ukraine, with foreign aid, begins to build a defensive layer equally decentralized and reactive based on interceptor drones. In this confrontation of swarms, the balance does not lean simply by the number of weapons, but by the speed with which each side Learn, adapt and scale Your production. The aerial battlefield has become an industrial and algorithmic competition, where software, distributed manufacturing and AI are replacing cannons and missiles as decisive tools of … Read more

PLD Space has a detailed plan to become the European rocket factory. And the pieces have started fitting

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With Miura 1, PLD Space became the first private company in Europe to successfully launch a suborbital rocket. Since then, the Spanish company has stepped on the accelerator with a project in mind: launching Miura 5 in 2026. Today the first orbital rocket in Spain is not a project, but a tangible reality that is being assembled in Elche. PLD Space It has already manufactured All its components and prepares to start your engines for the first time. The Treprel-C roars in Teruel. A rocket is, in essence, an engine with a large fuel tank. Miura 5 will have five Treprel-C engines fed by turbobomba in its first stage, generating a combined thrust of 950 kN, 30 times more than Miura 1. The development of the most important component of the rocket advances to counterreloj. The company already tested in its test banks of Teruel’s airport combustion cameras, validating manufacturing technologies such as copper and nickel electrode. The turbobombs, the largest developed by a European startup, They were also tested with a complete ignition before its final integration into the engine. Elements such as gas generators and cryogenic valves were designed, manufactured and tested internally following the lessons learned during the development of MIURA 1. A process that has culminated with the start of the engine series manufacturing: there are already four engines of the Teprel-C family in production for the final qualification campaign. Aluminum plates have gained shape. Parallel to the development of engines, the construction of the rocket structure itself advances at a good pace. In a recent videoThe company details how its Elche factory has been working on the molding and the test of the metal structures (the fuel tanks) and of composite materials (the separation module between stages and the cofia that will protect the satellites of the customers). These components have already undergone all kinds: tests at room temperature, cryogenic, and with compression and flexion loads to ensure that the structure will support the brutal conditions of the launch. The idea is to refine the design with the results of the prototypes to maximize their performance. After validating the engineering models, PLD Space is now manufacturing the final qualification components, the step prior to the series production of Miura 5. The launch ramp is running. The company signed a development contract With the French Space Agency (CNES) to build its own launch complex in the European Space Port of Kouroou, in the French Guiana. The civil works will begin this summer in the same place where France launched its first rocket, the Elm-Diamant. The location is unbeatable: its proximity to Ecuador will allow optimizing the trajectories of Miura 5 and launching heavier loads with less fuel. But PLD Space does not conform and has also signed an agreement with Oman to build a Second launch base In the Etlaq Space Puerto. This movement will give direct access to the Mercado de Oriente. A plan to be the European rocket factory. At the same time that Miura 5 develops, PLD Space is raising an industrial complex to manufacture it in series. The company has designed a plan to climb its production to 32 units per year by 2030. This industrial effort is based on a supply chain of almost 400 partners, mostly Spanish and Europeans, which has invested 50 million euros Since the beginning of 2024. PLD Space has chained a series of crucial milestones that draw a very clear and ambitious roadmap, as European confidence demonstrates. Back of the European Space Agency. PLD Space is already officially one of the five companies preselected by ESA to guarantee sovereign access to space in Europe. The European Launcher Challenge has awarded contracts of up to 169 million euros to the five companies, among which are the French Maiaspace, the British Orbex and the Germans Isar Aerospace and Rocket Factory Augsburg. PLD Space has proposed to Miura 5 as its immediate operating pitcher already His future heavy and reusable rocket, the Miura Nextlike the next step. The ESA final decision will be taken in November 2025, but the pre -selection already positions the Spanish company as a key actor and an industrial leader in the European launch sector. Image | PLD Space In Xataka | 12 years after making fun of Spacex and his idea of landing rockets, Arianegroup is creating a European mini-falcon 9

The loss of the Broadcom chips factory is a malazo for Spain. Now you have to trust everything to your plan B

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For Spain lose the packaging plant Integrated circuits that Broadcom was going to build on Spanish soil is a real maza. And it is for several reasons of weight. The most obvious is that the presence of a factory of this American company would place the country on the European map of The production of advanced substrates. And, in addition, presumably would generate high qualification jobs, would develop the technological ecosystem of the area in which new investment would finally be installed and attracted. As we explain yesterday, this project finally It will not come to fruition. The leaks ensure that the negotiation held by the Spanish government and the Broadcom directive since July 2023 entered a man -dead point several months ago. There is no doubt that it was a very interesting plan for Spain, but, fortunately, it is not the only project that seeks to develop the local semiconductor industry and increase the relevance of Spanish companies in the global market of integrated circuits. These projects give Spain the opportunity to grow in the chips industry The installation that we can see in the cover photography of this article is the authentic protagonist of one of the most important projects that Spain is developing in the sector that concerns us: INNOFAB. The image building is the Alba synestron, which is housed in the Catalan town of Cerdanyola del Vallès, just 6 km from the center of Barcelona. And his role in the Innofab project will be crucial. An note before moving forward: a syncrotron is an electrons of circular electrons used to analyze atomic level the properties of matter, such as various types of materials, or even proteins. The Spanish institution that is involved in this Plan is the Barcelona Microelectronics Institute belonging to the CSIC (IMB-CNM-CSIC), a center that has a lot of experience in both microelectronics and in advanced techniques for integrated circuit manufacturing. INNOFAB will be a state -of -the -art semiconductor factory which will be housed next to the Alba syrrtron. It will cost approximately 392 million euros and will be financed with funds from the Next Generation Plan of the European Union, as well as with capital contributed by the governments of Spain and the Generalitat. Innofab’s construction works will begin soon with the purpose of the plant starting chips production in 2028 Construction works will begin soon with the purpose of the plant starting chips in 2028. This project is led by the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and will reside very close to the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Its purpose is to develop, as I have mentioned a few lines above, next -generation integrated circuits, but it will not be conventional chips; They will be semiconductors in which advanced materials, such as graphene, will be used to unmark silicon semiconductors whose production It is controlled by Asia and the USA. When the INNOFAB factory is ready, the ALBA particle accelerator will allow to analyze the candidate materials to be used in the production of semiconductors atomic. And also the properties of integrated avant -garde circuits. An important note is that Innofab will not produce chips in large quantities; Your role will be to develop advanced technologies which will then be commercially exploited in other plants. This role in a way justifies that its cost is somewhat less than 400 million euros. In any case, Innofab is not the only project dedicated to the chips that Spain is developing. The Godic plan It seeks to develop the necessary technologies to make possible the large -scale manufacture of polyristaline silicon carbide. This initiative is framed within the belonging of microelectronics and semiconductors (popularly known as the chip) and has a budget of 3.3 million euros to which the State contributes by assuming 68% of the total cost. It sounds good, but there is more than we should not overlook: the reason why this project is so important to Europe and Spain. The Godic plan seeks to develop the necessary technologies to make possible the large -scale manufacture of polyristaline silicon carbide The current situation of tension in geopolitical and geostrategic fields That they support the US and Europe on one side, and China to the other, it is promoting that the old continent is doing everything in its hand to reinforce its supply chain linked to the integrated circuit industry. Its purpose is put an end to its deep dependence of Asian suppliers in general, and of China in particular, so having a manufacturing plant of their own silicon carbide is crucial on the road to this objective. It is for Spain and also for Europe because it currently lacks this resource. The Diosic project began its journey at the end of 2023 and will last 26 months, so presumably the Spanish companies involved in it will conclude the development of innovations that are necessary to carry it forward in early 2026. Or, perhaps, if everything goes like silk, at the end of 2025. Anyway it is important that we do not overlook that beyond consolidating the independence of Spain and Europe Cost of the production of integrated circuits by 30%, and, at the same time, increase their yield by 35%. Before concluding this article, it is worth not overlooking another project that is also very important for Spain: the set -up The new European pilot line that pursues Lead the integration and encapsulation of components and electronic systems. The Spanish institution that is involved in this plan is the CSIC Barcelona Microelectronics Institute (IMB-CNM-CSIC), a center that has a lot of experience in both microelectronics and in advanced techniques for manufacturing integrated circuits. Any initiative that increases the competitiveness of Europe in a strategic industry such as semiconductors must be welcome “We intend to work on two approaches depending on whether the evacuation of high heat densities is required, as in the case of the ASIC, or if what is sought is a homogeneous distribution of temperature, more applicable to … Read more

Spain finally runs out of the Broadcom chips factory. This US company has broken with the government

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At the beginning of July 2023 Charlie Kawwas, the president of the Broadcom subsidiary specialized in the manufacture of semiconductors, announced that your company had reached an agreement with the Government of Spain to build An advanced integrated circuit factory on Spanish soil. Its budget touched the 1,000 million dollars (about 850 million euros), and although it never became completed its location for several months a filtration anticipated that this plant would stay in Zaragoza. According to Kawwas, these facilities were going to be specialized in Substrate manufacturing And they would help this American company reinforce its position in the semiconductor production market. For Spain, the construction of this factory was great news because it would place the country on the European map of The production of advanced substrates. And, in addition, presumably would generate high qualification jobs and develop the technological ecosystem of the area in which it finally be installed. Unfortunately this project will not come to fruition. Broadcom has back According to the Europa Press agencyBroadcom will finally not build its factory in Spain. The negotiation that this company maintained and the Spanish government has been broken, apparently. At the moment it has not transcended the reason why this project will not prosper, but according to Europa Press Donald Trump’s return To the White House has been able to exercise as a death sentence in a context in which the commercial relationship between the US and Europe goes through a very complicated moment. “That collapsed by Trump. It was a very interesting operation and in the end he did not curdle,” In fact, the arrival of Trump ended another project in which the Spanish government intended to invest 400 million euros to establish a company joint with an American company. Its purpose was also to build a chips manufacturing plant. “That collapsed by Trump. It was a very interesting operation and in the end it did not curdle. Right now there is a feeling that US companies are very restricted when investing in Europe, ” has declared One of the sources of Europa Press. It makes sense. The administration led by Trump pursues reinforce your local semiconductor industryso it is perfectly credible to be zancadilleando the plans of US companies that plan to invest outside the US. On the other hand, the construction of a avant -garde semiconductor manufacturing plant usually costs Between 20,000 and 30,000 million eurosso it is evident that the factory that Broadcom was going to be tuned in Spain was not going to be at all toe. Even so, it is a pity that this project has been frustrated. Image | Chris Hsia More information | Europa Press In Xataka | Chips manufacturers are coming from pearls to attract them. These are your reasons to come

The Neanderthals invented it 125,000 years ago with their “fat factory”

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Although demonized for a long time, fat is one of the essential macronutrients for the correct functioning of our body. More recent studies and habits are putting the fats in their place placing some like Allied in healthy dietsbut thousands of years ago, who already knew the role of fat in the body were the Neanderthals. To the point that just discover A giant “Factory” of fat in Germany. Short. Neumark-nord It is an archaeological site that is southwest of Berlin and a few kilometers from Leipzig. It is a place not alien to researchers, since a study in the area a few years ago revealed How the Neanderthals already did what we are doing so well: deeply modify the landscape in which they live. Without leaving the customs of those Neanderthals who inhabited the area 125,000 years ago, we have new details about their customs. Posted in the magazine Science Advancesa new study shows how Our ancestors They had an “industry” around the processing of the bones of large mammals with a single objective: extract bone fat to consume it little by little. Fat factories. A study of more than 2,000 bone fragments and dozens of flint tools It has allowed researchers to observe in many of them signs of having used to crush, have been crushed and have an exposure to intense heat. In some specific areas there was a concentration of bones rich in marrow, as well as anvils and folk that would have been the Tools used by Neanderthals. This concentration reinforces the idea that the site was used as a kind of “factory” to extract fat in a rather laborious way. According to the researchers, to get that bone fat, they broke the bones of 172 mammals such as deer, horses or cattle. Once they reached the marrow, the small fragments in water crushed and warmed it to extract the fat. It was a planned, long and, the researchers affirm in Livescienceorganized to maximize the extraction of nutrients from animal remains. Bones damaged by a hammer Fighting “rabbit starvation”. Why complicate life so much to get fat? The reason is simple and we must return to the diet. Follow one balanced diet To be healthy it means that we must eat a certain amount of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. When one of the tables of the table decomposes, health problems appear. That they put so much effort to get fat in this way may mean that there were times (perhaps the coldest) in which Carbohydrates scarce and could not feed exclusively with proteins. A decompensation thus (which we now do with Diets like Keto) It is dangerous, above all, if it is accompanied by an intense rhythm of life in which energy is needed. Consuming too much protein without sufficient fat can cause something called “starring rabbit”, A potentially deadly condition that is caused by excessive consumption of lean meat without enough fat. And it is not that the rabbit is the animal that suffers it. It was baptized like this because Arctic Explorers They fed almost exclusively with similar rabbits and animals and fell seriously ill because our body cannot metabolize large amounts of proteins without sufficient fat. They only improved when they could hunt animals with more fat. Ahead of the clock. Our body may burn carbohydrates or fat to obtain energy, since Protein is not a good “fuel”and if the carbos were scarce, the Neanderthals turned to fat. Where from? Of what they had closer: the bones of the animals that had hunted to feed. That they realized this implies that perhaps we should stop seeing them as those little sophisticated “hunters” that we can imagine sometimes. It also indicates that They were organized and quite ingenious. And, more important than this consideration, that large fat factory in Germany advances the resource intensification industry clock in almost 100,000 years. Before this analysis, the oldest evidence of a similar industry Databa 28,000 years ago. Images | Athree23 In Xataka | The Neanderthals left a deep genetic footprint in us. The last example: the sense of pain

The domino effect of tariffs is also being felt in Valencia. Specifically, in the Ford factory

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Ford has drastically trimmed the production forecasts of the new bronco in its Almussafes plant. Of the 300,000 units initially planned, the figure has fallen to 209,000, as published Digital economy citing their own sources. Why is it important. This 30% cut reflects how Trump’s tariff policies are already moving chairs in the European industry before applying. The accuracy of the new figure – 209,000 units compared to the 300,000 round rounds – lets read a very specific calculation between a very specific projected stage between the lines. Between the lines. Suppliers openly speak of the “Trump effect” by explaining these changes. The most important reduction affects precisely the volume allocated to the United States: from 91,000 units per year provided for a much lower but not even pointed out. Ford is adjusting its transatlantic export plans in the face of tariff uncertainty. And that is felt in the Valencian economy, whose GDP depends by approximately 10% of this factory. In detail. The effect on the supply chain is, the redundancy, in chain: Suppliers have to recalculate investments. Prices should be modified based on a lower production volume. Lower production means less industrial capacity required. And that facilitates the transfer of suppliers outside the Almussafes environment. Yes, but. Trump will end his mandate in 2028, but bronco production is planned between 2027 and 2035. That is, three quarters of the manufacturing will be done without him in the presidency. But the car is an industry without much flexibility to modify the decisions that are made now. The threat. Reduce estimates during the award of limited pieces future expansions. If suppliers dimension their capacity for 209,000 vehicles, then increase production will be more complex and expensive. It is not easy to undo steps and make them again. The industry is creating a productive roof based on the most pessimistic stage. Deepen. Ford He is at the same time intensifying his presence in Moroccoparticipating in the Automotive Tangier meetings with the presence of the Moroccan monarch. Its sponsorship contrasts with brands such as Stellantis or Renault, which already manufacture vehicles in the African country, which gives clues of a geographical diversification of the productive strategy. In Xataka | One of the most mythical cars in the history of cinema can be “copied” by anyone. And that has consequences for the industry Outstanding image | Luke Scarpino in Unspash

one with its own underwater hydrogen factory

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When electric cars still crawled, a series of manufacturers launched Develop another propulsion technology: The hydrogen fuel battery. It is something that You have experienced comings, coming and changes of plans in recent years, but although it seems that It is not the future of utilitiesIt makes sense in industrial and commercial vehicles. And another sector in which it has potential is … in the submarines. The Spanish Navy is so sure that its Crown jewelthe S-80 class submarinesthey will be the only ones in the world that work with a system that manufactures their own hydrogen. Class S-80. Manufacturing a submarine from scratch is not simple, and Spain knows it well. The Carthaginense Isaac Peral was the inventor of the electric submarine, a precursor of the modern submarine, but Spain did not have its own underwater models during the expansion of this transport class. Since the 60s, the country built submarines under foreign licensebut at the beginning of this century, something changed and it was decided that it was time to have its own model: the Class S-80. After years of development, delays, flotability problems and billions of euros of extra costs that forced to prolong the useful life of obsolete submarines, the first submarine of this class, the S-81 Isaac PeralHE delivered to the Navy for its assessment in November 2023, with three others planned for the coming years. The mess of propulsion. Although in a submarine there is no more important system than another, we can say that propulsion technology directly affects the type of missions they can undertake. And there are three great technologies right now. The cheapest is conventional: submarines diesel-electricalthat can be submerged a few days because they need to recharge fuel, being a limitation for stealth operations. On the other hand, propulsion submarines through a nuclear reactor. It is the most expensive and also the most advanced for stealth operations. France, for example, has the Barracudawhich can be submerged up to 270 days. It is a complex technology to develop a submarine from scratch. There are also purely electric, such as those who They are adopting Japan and South Korea with batteries that offer a underwater autonomy of two or three weeks, or those that assemble AIP systems. Aip. Called independent air propulsion systems, AIPs generate electricity to feed the engine and recharge submarine batteries. The most common systems include fuel batteries that convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. There are variants, such as Stirling engines that use liquid fuels in this process and closed cycle vapor turbines. It is a system that allows submerged autonomies of 20 days or more, and this is where the S-81 Isaac Peral is special because it does not store hydrogen in its batteries: it manufactures it. As? Using Bioethanol That, by means of a reformer, it becomes hydrogen that is used in a fuel pile together with liquid oxygen to produce electricity. Diagram of an AIP system of the submarines of India Best Aip. They are funny acronyms that respond to Bio-Ethanol Stealth Technology and is not really new, but of interesting application in a submarine. As our partners comment Motorpasionit was in 1991 when, in the laboratory of catalytic processes of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Buenos Aires, they developed a method for obtain hydrogen from ethanol. In a submarine, it makes all the meaning: the risk of storage hydrogen is eliminated, aboard is produced and the waste (CO₂ and water) is expelled to the ocean in the form of carbonated water that does not increase the acoustic or thermal firm of the ship. This system, according to Manuel Corral Iranzo, under the command of the S-81 since the delivery in 2023, in statements to The debateit is “worldwide pointer” and it is something that has many advantages. Ethanol “is a matter not as dangerous as hydrogen and is easily obtained. It is a revolutionary system and no other country or any other submarine has this hydrogen production system on board,” he says. It is not yet mounted … There is a problem: this revolutionary system, which is clearly the jewel of the Crown of the S-80 class, is not prepared. As we read in Defensein parallel to the delivery of the first submarine in November 2023, the factory tests of the Best Aip system began to pass. The submarine was delivered without this oxygen generation system, which will be installed in its first large technical stop. When? Well this update is planned by 2029-2030. At the moment, the submarine has three diesel generators of 1,100 kW each and a main electric motor of 3,500 kW. After the S-81, the next one that will be delivered at some point in 2025, and after Another delayis the S-82 Narciso Monturiol. Nor will the Best Aip system will have, but it will be implemented in its technical stop of 2031 if there are no delays. Those who will have the factory best AIP will be the S-83 and S-84, dated by 2026 and 2028 respectively. Images | Angeldr88, To Guy Named Nyal, Navy, Martinvl, India Ministry of Defense In Xataka | In the nineteenth century, Spain designed the first “launcher” to defend against the US: the submarine of Sanjurjo Badía

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