Europe

Europe has finished its spectacular cryogenic plant

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The cover photography of this article was taken just a month ago in the vicinity of ITER (International Thermonuclear Experctor reactor), The experimental reactor of nuclear fusion that an international consortium led by Europe is building in the French town of Cadarache. What we see in this image is A cryogenization plantand it is a fundamental installation to bring this very complex machine to fruition. It is paradoxical that Iter needs an extreme cooling plant. The plasma confined in your vacuum camera which will contain the deuterium and tritium nuclei that will intervene in the fusion reaction will reach a temperature of at least 150 million degrees Celsius, so a priori may seem strange that an installation is expressly designed to generate an extreme cold. But it is not. It has all the meaning of the world if we keep in mind that superconductor magnets, Creobombs and thermal shields need to reach a temperature of up to -269 degrees Celsius. Iter’s cryogenic plant is an engineering prodigy The superconductor magnets placed on the outside of the vacuum chamber of this nuclear fusion reactor have the responsibility of generating the magnetic field necessary to confine plasma inside. They are also responsible for controlling and stabilizing it. These magnets weigh 10,000 tons and are manufactured in an alloy of niobio and tin, or niobio and titanium, which acquires the superconductivity when cools with a supercritical helium until reaching a temperature of -269 ºC. Superconductor magnets acquire superconductivity when they reach a temperature of -269 ºC This requirement justifies the need to put a powerful cooling system like the one that has devised Europe for Iter. In the construction of this experimental nuclear fusion reactor, the US, Russia, China, India, South Korea, Japan and the United Kingdom are also involved, but the Cryogenization Plant has been commissioned by Fusion for Energy (F4E), the organization of the European Union that coordinates Europe’s contribution to Iter developmentthe French company Air Liquide and technicians integrated in the structure of Iter. In this photograph we can see the nitrogen compressors installed in the Iter cryogenic plant. This extreme refrigeration installation will be responsible for supplying liquid helium to 4.5 Kelvin (-269 ° C) to superconductor magnets and criobombs, and also gaseous helium at 80 Kelvin (-193 ºC) to thermal shields. Creobombs are empty ultraalt devices that are responsible for eliminating gases inside the vacuum chamber. In order to do so, they must work at an extremely low temperature. And, on the other hand, the thermal shields are responsible for protecting some critical elements of the reactor, such as superconductor magnets, the heat that emits the confined plasma inside the vacuum chamber. Iter’s cryogenic plant has an area similar to that of a football field (just over 7,100 m²) and contains several 26 -meter high storage tanks. These figures help us intuit how enormous this critical installation is. As we just checked, Without it, nuclear fusion would be absolutely impossible. This Grigory Kouzmenko statementF4E manager, invites us to tie Iter’s future with a reasonable optimism: “We have entered the most exciting phase of the project, in which all the efforts of previous years finally are specified and we can benefit from the collaboration based on the confidence between all the parties.” Images | Fusion for Energy More information | Fusion for Energy In Xataka | From today Spain has the key to nuclear fusion: Granada’s particle accelerator is already a reality

The great digital achievement of Spain has been to raise the best fiber network in Europe

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This Tuesday Spain definitely closes a 140 -year -old chapter. Telefónica has announced the shutdown of its last 661 copper centralsforever burying the technology that vertebó the communications of the twentieth century. But real history is not the funeral of copper, but Spain has become a European leader in connectivity. Why is it important. While other European countries continue to debate when to migrate from copper, Spain has already completed that transition. Telefónica is the first great operator of the continent to completely close its copper network. The rest of Europe looks at us from behind. In figures. The numbers deny the myth of Spanish technological backwardness. Spain is The third OECD country with greater fiber optic penetration. The fiber lines represent 89.3% of the total fixed broadband. The network reaches 80 million accesses installed in a country of 49 million inhabitants. The trick: homes are included but also local, in addition to many duplicates among operators. Only South Korea and Japan overcome us in some indicators. France, Germany or the United Kingdom are behind FTTH coverage. In FTTB, Spain leads Europe After years only behind Iceland. The panoramic. Since 2014, Spain has dismantled 8,532 copper centrals in a huge logistics operation. Has migrated 99.99% of customers Without leaving them without service. It has recycled 65,000 tons of cable and saved 1,000 gigawatt energy, according to company sources cited by Five days. All while building an infrastructure that covers 94% of the population. Including rural areas that place us far ahead of other European countries in rural coverage. Between the lines. The Spanish transformation has gone unnoticed because it coincided with years of economic crisis and with the perennial complex of national technological inferiority. It is true that we are light years from the United States or China in terms of large technological ones, but we have built the best telecommunications infrastructure in Europe. The optical fiber is 90% more energy efficient than copper and multiplies speeds. A fiber plant serves to the same number of accesses as four copper centrals occupying only 15% of the space. The money trail. Telefónica has converted the transition into business. The sale and recycling of the retired copper has been an extra income of about 1,000 million euros, taking advantage of the revaluation of the metal. Yes, but. Copper does not disappear completely from the Spanish map. More than two million customers are still connected by coaxial cable using HFC technology (fiber-coaxial hybrid). They are mainly of operators such as Vodafone or Euskaltel. It is not the same copper as the ADSL that has just died, but technically it is still copper that carries the signal to the home. The difference: this coaxial coexists with the fiber in a hybrid network that offers speeds far superior to the old telephone copper pair. Deepen. The Spanish fiber revolution is no accident. It started when the Spanish regulator liberalized the market and forced Telefónica to share its infrastructure. The competition between operators accelerated the deployment. Now that infrastructure will be the basis for the next generations of mobile networks, the Internet of things and future technologies to develop. Spain has built a digital infrastructure prepared for the future. In Xataka | 100 years after his birth, Telefónica faces the greatest existential dilemma in its history: what wants to be older Outstanding image | Lightsaber Collection in Unspash

Europe wants solar panels without forced labor. The only problem is that almost everyone comes from China

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In the early 2000s, Europe was consecrated as The largest solar energy manufacturer worldwide. After more than two decades, that dominant position is a memory against the unstoppable advance of China, which has achieved that more than 80% of global production leaves its factories. A paradigm shift. China has a very particular look of seeing the world in the long term, thanks to that philosophy he has managed to position himself as a leader in solar energy. His method has managed to manufacture cheapest solar panels thanks to a subsidy strategy, vertical integration and almost absolute control of supply chains, such as has detailed Bloombergnef. Meanwhile, European manufacturers have had to compete with those priceswhich has triggered a wave of factor closures, bankruptcies and personnel reductions. Europe’s response. The old continent wants to make its own solar panels again, but motivated by an ethical and geopolitical pressure in the sector. According to Financial TimesThe scrutiny over the Xinjiang region, in China, has grown, which concentrates about 20 % of the world production of polysilicio and where various Western governments have denounced violations of human rights and forced labor against the Uigur population. Faced with this, countries like the United Kingdom have taken a firm position. In April, the British Government declared that your state energy company may not use solar panels linked to forced labor. This ethical trend could force European solar developers to rethink their supply chain and prioritize more transparent suppliers, even if they are less competitive in price. There are already measures underway. On the one hand, in a more ambitious attempt to recover part of its energy autonomy, the EU approved last year The Net Zero Industry Law. This regulation forces to consider not only the price, but also criteria such as the resilience of the supply chain, the environmental impact and the local origin by making public purchases of clean technologies. On the other hand, European products will be prioritized in tenders to equip hospitals, public buildings and other state infrastructure with solar energy. According to Solar Power Europe for Financial Timesthis regulation could create a market of up to 9 gigawatts of solar capacity for “resilient” products already in 2026. But the numbers do not lie. The distance with China is abysmal. Today, Chinese solar panels are sold at about $ 0.09 per watt, a radical decrease from the dollar per watt in 2012, According to Bloombergnef. European companies simply cannot compete in costs compared to the scale and efficiency of the Chinese model. There is something more background. Not only is it a matter of assembly, but strategic minerals. In a broader context, starting a mine can take up to 17 years since it is activated all protocols. Instead, China has been assuring its sources of lithium, rare earths, copper and silicon for 20 years. In this way, even with the new EU regulations working perfectly, the so -called “resilience market” would cover less than 14 % of the solar capacity added in Europe, According to Financial Times. And there would be no guarantees that these panels be produced by European manufacturers: they could come from India, South Korea or other countries that do not use materials of Chinese origin. Will it go through the hoop? Here the main question that arises is: Is Europe ready to assume the political economic cost of reindustrializing its solar sector? Or will it accept the dependence of a cheap but geopolitically complex supplier? For now, the measures seem insufficient to significantly alter the structure of the market. The European energy transition progresses, but does it mounted on Chinese panelseven when their governments promote technological and ethical sovereignty speeches in commerce. Europe has aroused a race that she helped to start. Recovering the lost terrain will be difficult. The sun does not expect, and China already closed the umbrella. Image | Climate Group Xataka | Filling mirrors space is a booming business. THE OBJECTIVE: DO NOT MAKE NIGHT ON SOLAR PANELS

Europe is closing its doors

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The Covid-19 Pandemia generated a great migration of US digital nomads towards countries with more lax mobility measures and with a much more affordable cost of life. Many European countries, including Spain, received them with open arms. To them and their investments. However, that has long been for a long time, and the geopolitical scenario It has changed radically. What has not changed is the Desire of Americans migrate to Europe In search of stabilitysecurity and a better quality of life than in the US. The difference is that, now, Europe is closing its doors. So much that even US citizens will need An entrance visa (Ethics) to visit Europe. The American exodus. The interest of Americans to obtain residence in European countries and in the United Kingdom has been increasing. Last year Ireland received 31,825 applications for American citizenship. Only during the month of February this year, 3,692 citizenship applications from the US have already been submitted. In statements to EuronewsArielle Tucker, founder of the Connected Financial Planning migration advisory platform, said that after the arrival in the presidency of Donald Trump, “many people feel that the longer they remain in the United States, the more insecure they are about how their quality of life will be and how that could affect their financial well -being.” Kelly Cordes, founder of Irish CitizenSHIP Consultants, He counted to Bloomberg that he had also noticed a notable increase in requests for citizenship of Americans to Ireland. “It is definitely different from everything we have seen. People are very worried; they have an urgency to obtain citizenship.” Of an average of 10 weekly citizenship requests that this agency processed in 2024, it has gone between 20 and 25 applications a week. Europe and the United Kingdom close their doors. Despite the increase in residence and citizenship requests, the authorities of Europe and the United Kingdom are responding with stricter regulations. Even so, 6,100 US citizens requested British citizens, according to data of the United Kingdom Ministry, taking advantage of its British roots. For its part, Italy, which previously allowed those who demonstrated family ties to obtain residence with relative ease, has carried out an emergency reform To avoid the avalanche of applications and now requires more rigorous evidence and longer processes to protect the interests of the local population. Gold Passports. Another option used by Americans With greater economic resources it is to obtain the calls “Gold Passports” either Golden Visa. These programs allow to obtain residence or citizenship in exchange for significant investmentsgenerally in real estate or the implementation of local businesses. Portugal and Spain were Very popular destinations Among Americans who were looking for this type of visas, but the situation It has changed In recent months due to negative impact In the real estate market and the local economy. New strategic opportunities. Faced with this panorama, some European countries are taking advantage of this migratory current of Americans to attract qualified talent. France, for example, has launched the campaign “Choose France for Science“, With the aim of attracting highly trained international and professional researchers by speeding up the processing of their residence permits. In contrast, Doge’s cuts, with Elon Musk in frontthey are putting in serious trouble the work of researchers in the USthus simplifying the immigration decision for these scientists. In Xataka | Of course, digital nomads love Oviedo. It is not for the way of life: it is because they charge 90,000 euros In Xataka | Digital nomadic visas: the countries hook to attract the best digital talent without paying the cost to keep them Image | Unspash (Global Residence Index)

China is turning its roofs into power plants. He has achieved in three months what in Europe costs three years

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China has turned its roofs into solar engines, and record time. In just three months he has installed more photovoltaic on roof than Europe in years. Why is it important. China not only leads the energy transition, but is changing the usual rhythms to which it can occur. According to the latest report of Rystad Energyhas installed 36 GW of solar energy on roof only during the first quarter of 2025. That is more than some European countries reach after three years. The Energy Newspaper He summarizes it in a phrase: China does everything big. In figures: 60 GW Solares in total during the first three months of 2025. Of these, 36 GW (60%) in roofs. 130 GW of distributed lots are foreseen throughout 2025. The large facilities will even exceed that figure: 167 GW projected. The context. China is closing its XIV five -year plan. The New regulations of the National Energy Administration (NEA), in force since May, has created a counterreloj race to install before the regulatory cut. There is an emergency climate generated by … Self -consumption incentives. Network access restrictions. And the liberalization of green certificate trade. Those 36 GW are superior to what countries such as Spain or France can install for more than two years, counting all of solar facilities. The EU, together, installed 56 GW throughout 2023, and only one part was in roofs. In detail. The thrust has not been homogeneous. The provinces with greater normative flexibility, such as Jiangsu and Guangdong, have triggered the photovoltaic on roofs. Others, such as Interior Mongolia or Jilin, have restricted both the self -consumption that they have barely contributed. Behind the photo of the record there are certain strap: Some large commercial projects can no longer sell electricity to the network. It is increasing legal and contractual complexity. Promoters and investors face a more uncertain environment. And now what. China will continue to install at a speed far higher than we are accustomed to in the West. And the distributed model will grow, although foreseebly with certain adjustments. Europe lives much more slow display marked by a dense bureaucracy. If you keep the rhythm, China will end up making more facilities on roofs in a year than the sum of many countries in a decade. In Xataka | If Europe does not want to freeze this winter this winter will have to pay much more for gas. You can thank China Outstanding image | Bill Mead in Unspash

Europe has started a race against the clock. And China has entered to make prices more expensive

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Winter has left Europe with reservations practically empty and needs to reach a level of 90% before November. Meanwhile, China has emerged as a direct competitor in the global gas market, putting Europe in a counterreloj race to guarantee its supply before prices shoot. Short. The European Union will have to spend 10,000 million euros more than last year to fill its gas reserves, According to the Financial Times medium. The reason behind this increase is due to a colder winter, an increase in demand for less renewable generation and greater dependence on liquefied natural gas. The background. It all started with the war in Ukraine, since until that moment Russia supplied about 40% of the gas To the EU. However, commercial reprisals and sanctions drastically reduced that supply, to the point that an agreement has been signed to fully close exports in 2027, According to Euronews. A vicious circle. The European bloc had to look for other alternatives, such as the GNL imported from the United States and Qatar. However, it continued to supply Russian gas Through third countries or by calls “Ghost ships”. At the same time, the European Union was trapped in a price instability cycle, caused in part by the spot market dependence for LNG purchases. As He explained The London medium, this situation caused governments to compete with each other to ensure cargoes, inflating prices and generating distortions in the market. Flexibility in storage. Given the difficulties in maintaining 90 %reserves, the European Commission is considering granting greater flexibility in the storage objective, especially after Germany – the country more dependent on gas – requested adjustments to avoid price peaks in summer. However, in parallel, Germany has reached an agreement with France to receive energy support through the nuclear energy supply. A strategic movement that seeks to ensure its energy stability while storing objectives are readjusted. This measure aims to relieve pressure on markets, although it generates uncertainty due to the possibility that changes are not promulgated in time. The recharge dilemma. According to Kuhanathan, an analyst from Allianz Trade, has declared Financial Times That many gas merchants are delaying reservation recharge, waiting for prices to fall further. However, this attitude could generate a sharp increase in demand at the end of summer, shooting prices just before winter. In addition, Peder Bjorland, Vice President of Equinor Gas Commerce, has warned in the same medium that Europe will have to pay higher prices to overcome Asian competition if China’s demand is replenished. China, a determining factor. The largest world buyer of liquefied natural gas is China. Last year, LNG’s Chinese demand was reduced due to an unusually favorable climate and economic slowdown. This drop in consumption allowed Europe to access cargoes that, otherwise, would have gone to Asia, contributing to stabilize prices in the short term. However, projections for the coming months indicate a possible rebound in Asian demand. The commercial truce between Beijing and Washington, Recently announcedcould activate an increase in Chinese industrial activity, which would raise the demand for LNG, According to estimates of the Financial Times. In addition, a hot summer in Asia can further increase gas consumption, putting Europe in a direct competition situation with Asian buyers. According to Morgan Stanley analysts for the same medium, this additional pressure would boost gas prices up to 10%. A decisive actor. During the commercial war with the United States, Beijing He hinted that he could sell American liquefied natural gas to Europe, but the situation has taken a totally different nuance. Now it is key to observe The development of the Power of Siberia 2 gas pipeline With Russia, as well as China’s ability to DNA. Leaving the framework of the global energy future open. Image | Pixabay Xataka | Putin’s not so secret plan to survive without Europe: a giant gas pipeline to China

What Israel does in a “Europe” competition

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On paper is the song festival. In practice, Eurovision has been much more years ago. There is music, dance, lights and the profusion of brightness and expected eccentricity in any spectacle worth its salt; But also political. Increasingly. The 2025 edition has left a clear example on the account of Israel (already It happened in 2024 either Three years agowith Russia) and reverges a question that usually arises every year: if Israel is a country of Western Asia (geographically speaking), why do you participate in Eurovision? Moreover, why is it part of UEFA or is he a member of European associations in sports such as swimming? And above all … does it make sense that it is so? Music, politics and flags. Although on Saturday he stroked the victory thanks to TelevotoIsrael’s passage through Eurovision has been marked by controversy, just as the 2024the first after the Gaza conflict initiated in October 2023. His representative, Yuval Raphael, a victim of Hamas attacks, has monopolized headlines. And most did not focus precisely on their music. The organization of the festival has expelled spectators for showing Palestinian flags and has been engaged in a Sour controversy With RTVE for his comments on Gaza’s conflict during retransmissions, nothing compared to what Belgian TV did, which directly chose not to broadcast Raphael’s performance. Looking back. Israel may have monopolized the spotlights EUROVISIVES This edition, but is not a newcomer to the festival. On the contrary. Although Eurovision is organized by the European Radiodifusion Union And that name can lead us to think about the EU or at most in the European continent, Israel, a country in Western Asia, has been part of its history for more than half a century. The country debuted in 1973. And it hasn’t been bad. Saturday remained In second placebut he has won four times. The last one relatively recently, in 2018, with Netta, which explains that a year later the festival It was celebrated in Tel Aviv. And yes, on that occasion too Voices sounded They encouraged boycott. But is not a European festival? Yes. And no. The festival is effectively called Eurovision and organizes it, but the latter is an alliance that goes far beyond strictly geographical Europe: it groups 113 organizations of more than 50 countries and 31 associates of Asia, Africa, Australasia and Las Américas. Membership, like Remember the Uer itselfis aimed at entities whose countries are members of the European Council or are within the European broadcasting areaa wide umbrella under which some countries from outside Europe are located. The result is that among the 113 members that make up the Uuer are French, German, Dutch, Czech or RTVE organizations, but also Cyprus entities (which although it is part of the EU belongs to the Southwest Asian), Algeria, Jordan, Libya, Egypt or Morocco. Also Israel, which allowed him to debut at the Eurovision song festival in the 1970s. Eurovision and much more. The Uuer is not the only European forum in which Israel has made a hole. Something similar occurs with UEFA, the Union of European Soccer Associations. Among their National Federations We find the Spanish, English, Lithuanian, German, Belgian … and the Israeli. Also Kazakhstan, Türkiye or Russia, although in February three years ago UEFA and FIFA They decided to expel her. Why is Israel included in that list? On its website, UEFA explains that Israel became an active member of the Asian Soccer Confederation in 1956, but in 1974 he decided to “abandon her by political reasons“. The reality, Remember DWIt is that in the Arab and Muslim world there were countries that refused to compete with their representatives, such as Türkiye, Indonesia or Sudan. That tension resulted in A vote In 1974 that ended with Israel outside the Asian Federation. In European competitions. In the early 90s, he played regularly in Europe and, after what UEFA calls a “Prolonged process”its federation ended up becoming a member of the organization shortly after, in 1994. MacCabi Haifa Or Hapoel Tel-Aviv, for example, have competed in European tournaments. It is not a rarity of football. In handball, athletics either swimming Israel is also a member of associations based in the old continent. As a backdrop (and as it happens in Eurovision) there is much more than sport: behind the peculiar role of Israel is its complex history, its controversial political role and tensions with other Muslim neighboring nations that can go back to the foundation of the state of Israel, In 1948. These tensions have marked their recent history at the geopolitical level, but has often spread to other areas such as sports, which has led him to look at the West. A potato (increasingly) hot. The funny thing is that this potato has not stopped heating, especially after the beginning of the conflict in Gaza in October 2023 and the death of tens of thousands of Palestinians. The Eurovision Festival leaves the most recent example, but not the only one. Your participation in the contest already generated controversy last year and in 2019 the boycott movement, divestment and sanctions (BDS) even cheer up To artists and chains to ignore the final held in Tel Aviv. In the sports field, Israel’s participation also It was marked in part by The controversy In the Olympic Games and several associations of the Middle East They have claimed Already FIFA to go to the country in international football. The question. The scenario is further complicated by the case of Russia, than after starting the invasion of Ukraine, in February 2022, it did receive a severe response from international organizations. The Uer He separated her of Eurovision, despite its warm initial reaction claiming that the festival is a “cultural event of a non -political nature”, and UEFA and FIFA adopted A similar measureclosing the doors of the World Cup and The Euroleague to the country of Putin. Your athletes too They stayed out of the Olympic Games held in 2024 in Paris. The different response to Israel … Read more

There was a war in Europe for giving the second -hand digital market and we already have a clear winner: Vinned

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Percentile, the Spanish startup, of resale of fashion items, has been for two months In a bankruptcy processin search of a lifeguard. Wallapop continues to compete in that market, but without clear leadership in it. And Vinned, meanwhile, sweeps. The resale sector in Spain and in Europe is in a change of cycle. The panoramic. The second -hand clothing is a hypercompetitive market, and Vinted not only survives in it: it is dominating it. It has managed to grow where others are going back or searched for a place where they settle without finding it. To achieve this, Vinned has diversified its catalog and has also done something not so common: to earn money with its activity. The context. Percentile was a pioneer. It was founded in 2012, thirteen years old, and operated in four countries, with almost a million customers and more than a dozen millions of garments sold. However, and despite the heavyweights of the risk capital they invested in it (François Derbaix or Cabiedes & Partners between them), has not resisted the price war of the Fast Fashion. Not even the increase in the second -hand clothing market, increasingly popular and widespread, has been able to compensate for that pressure. And now look for a buyer to avoid disappearance. Between the lines. The Percentile model contributed a lot of comfort to the user, because he did everything for him: collection, classification and sale. But it was more comfortable than profitable. He only accepted half of the garments and offered rather low margins. Now its founders They speak to focus on “higher quality brands”, but maybe it’s too late. In figures. Meanwhile, Vinned in 2024 … It has tripled its benefit before taxes: 95.4 million euros. 813.4 million euros in revenue, 36% more than in 2023. He managed to reach 23 markets … … already the 2,200 employees. It is valued in 5,000 million euros. In detail. A part of his secret is in the invisible: Vinted Go and Vinted Payits own logistics and payments units. Also Vinned Ventures, his investment arm. Vinned’s ultimate goal is not just selling clothes. That is just a part. The idea is to build a complete ecosystem around the resale. Yes, but. Wallapop competes and has millions of users, true. But his generalist approach has not allowed him to emerge in the resale of clothing. It is too broad to compete in a concrete niche, as Vinted does. It has a very large catalog, but its brand is not associated with the style, and that weighs in an environment (sell used clothes) in which trust is key. In addition, Vind has many filters to locate garments (size of any part of the body, color, etc.) of which Wallapop lacks. The alarm signal. As a percentile slid, the sector grows, so the problem does not come from a lower demand. The threat is in the Low Cost from Zara, Shein and company, which have changed the rules. Sometimes it is cheaper to buy new than second hand. Only platforms with a lot of scale, focus and efficiency can survive and be profitable. Percentile is staying the way to see if a new owner can correct his course, and Wallapop resists, but Follow in losses. Who wins is Vind. And now what. Vinned wants more: he has long opened his doors beyond clothes, and now he is going something beyond electronics or luxury. Although it runs the risk of opening so much that Wallapop’s problems to lead in fashion move to it. Predictably, “circular fashion” will continue to grow and European regulations will add pressure to the conventional textile industry. In Xataka | I am a seller with five stars in Wallapop. Thus surviving in this second -hand jungle Outstanding image | Vinted

In Europe, more rent among women always equals less children. A country has managed to change it: Sweden

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A while ago Martin Kolk, a demographer from the University of Stockholm, asked an interesting question: does the income level influence the number of children who have men and women throughout their lives? And if so, to what extent? To answer these issues he dedicated himself to combing the fertility and income databases of his country, Sweden, of the last decades. The result He published it In 2022 in Population Studieswhere it reveals a change in tendency in Swedish society that, like Kolk himself stands outcould move to other nations. Your conclusion It is as simple as it is interesting: Sweden seems to have ended The paradox that often the richest people are the least children. Issue of children and money. Having children demand money. Last year Save the Children He made accounts And he concluded that, on average, in Spain he leaves 758 euros per month, if they have as soon as all the factors involved in parenting, from food to education, health or the need for a broader housing. Despite that reality (paternity costs) there are many low -per capita income in which the fertility rate is Very superior to that of other richer nations. For example, it occurs with Niger and the United Kingdom. The other question. Another phenomenon that demographers have observed in the past, such as remember The Institute for Family Studies (IFS), is that in the rich countries women with the highest level of education and labor perspectives have fewer children. “While the theoretical arguments that (…) affirm that the richest parents should be able to have more children, industrial societies of the twentieth century have shown the reverse pattern,” Kolk points out. The United States offers A good example: The highest birth rate is achieved by the poorest families. The big question is … Is that trend still true? Diving between data. To answer that question and others as to what extent the income affects birth or, in reverse, how motherhood in income influences, Martin Kolk opted for a peculiar strategy: took into account the accumulated income by its compatriots throughout its life, analyzing in detail the 40 -year Swedish data and income for each birth cohort. Its analysis covers a wide period that extends to the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, valuing the “accumulated income” in Swedish crowns. The analysis, of course, has its biases. Kolk focused only on the Swedish population, leaving even the people who had emigrated. However, his work is thorough: he analyzes people between the ages of 20 and 60, valued the income that they “accumulate” when they reach 50 years and took into account factors such as available income or aid to fatherhood. Men: richer, more children. In the case of men, he appreciated a fairly clear relationship between accumulated income and fatherhood that has not left great surprises over the years. “The richest men are the ones who have the most children and that pattern has accentuated over time. At higher income, more children,” Comment The Stockholm expert, which even warns: “It is increasingly frequent that men with very low income do not have children.” In his study, Kolk points out that it is not so much that the richest men accumulate a lot of offspring as it is more frequent that they have two, three or four offspring compared to other men with a more adjusted income level. And what about women? It is there where research gets interesting. Among the Kolk women did appreciate a trend change. And of course. While between those born in the 1940s and 1950s, lower income (accumulated income available) was accompanied by more children, which did so over the subsequent years (between 1960 and 1970) showed the opposite photo: the highest income indicated greater offspring. “The trend is reversed: the pattern is more similar to that of men”, Confirm. The full photography is somewhat more complicated. Women with the highest income, for example, are not necessarily those who have the greatest number of children and the trend is not exactly the same if we talk about “accumulated income” or profits. But from the University of Stockholm they appreciate in any case a “significant change” in the fertility pattern of women. And a change that breaks with what was the general tonic for a long time. “The results contrast with those of many other high -income countries in the twentieth and twenty -first centuries, in which researchers have shown that it was more common to have many children among men and women with lower income.” Looking for the causes. Detected the change in trend, the next question is obvious: why? What has caused it? Kolk points to social changes (especially those related to the labor market) and family policies of Sweden. Unlike what could happen decades ago, when many of the women who had children were housewives dedicated to home care, now “women do not have to choose between having children and follow a career.” “What is observed is a transformation of a society where women, to some extent, had to choose between a professional career or have children to a society in which these decisions no longer have to make.” Among the women of the 1940s and 195th, those of lower income were often housewives. It is demography … and above all it is economy. The study shows another valuable reading, especially for countries that have seen how their fertility descended over the years. Research shows that in general people with very low income levels do not usually have children, something extensible to men and women. Also clarify that this pattern “It has accentuated over time”which confirms to what extent the economic factors influence motherhood. “Today, an increasing number of women and men with low income in Sweden decide not to have children,” concludes The expert as an example. “The paradox is left behind”. For IFS Kolk’s research reveals that “at least in Sweden the paradox that the richest people have less children seems to be left behind,” … Read more

A man wanted to put order in the fish of the fish market. His invention financed one of the largest cars collections in Europe

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In everyday life, there are inventions as simple as it is essential that, however, they often go unnoticed. One of them is the “shift” ticket dispenser that we find in fishing, butchers and supermarkets, and that has ended the discussions in Waiting tails. Behind this invention is Rodger Dudding, a British who with his business vision kneaded a great fortune that allowed him to fulfill his great dream: to gather one of the Collections of more impressive cars from the United Kingdom and Europe. As They counted in Motorpasionthanks to his ingenuity, today we not only enjoy more orderly linesbut we can also contemplate one of the largest private collections of classic cars in Europe with More than 450 cars ranging from Rolls-Royce, Aston Martin or the Ford T, to such humble models as the Fiat Topolino. Rodger Dudding and the invention that changed the queues Rodger Dudding was born in the United Kingdom and is a training engineer. At 87, he is responsible for the distribution in the United Kingdom of one of the most used inventions in businesses around the world: the queue management system based on a Shift ticket dispenser. In 1970, Dudding He founded Lonsoa company that is still active, and began to manufacture the ticket dispensers that have avoided more fights and confusion when waiting for the turn and supermarkets. The classic red dispenser quickly became a standard, facilitating life to both customers and merchants. Even today, a significant percentage of Dudding’s benefits comes from the commercialization of this system, which remains essential in businesses of all kinds. Passion for cars With the money obtained from ordering the tails of the shops, Rodger Dudding decided to invest in his great passion: classic cars. Although, the millionaire collector has preference for British models, in An interview For the channel Bellow the Radar Carshe confessed that he had not been able to resist to the Ferrari or any beautiful car that was shot. Dudding said that, at first, not his intention to start a collection as such, but was limited to going buying the cars they liked. One day, his wife got fed up with his garage full of old cars, so Dudding acquired An old tram garage To save your cars. Almost without realizing it, the garage with capacity for about 120 cars He was smallgiving rise to the current collection that already It occupies three stores. The Dudding collection, known as Studio 434includes models of all times and styles: from 1911 models, such as Ford T, through racing cars prior to World War II or exclusive Limited luxury editions. The collector millionaire confesses that, beyond the Ferrari, Rolls-Royce or Aston Martin that form his collection, there is only one car through which life would be played to rescue him from a fire: a Morris Minor that his father bought again in 1952 and that his sister inherited. He bought a more current car equivalent and incorporated his father’s car to his collection. According to estimated Dudding, the collection is valued in More than 40 million pounds sterling (which are about 47.7 million euros) and includes, in addition to cars of all kinds, motorcycles and objects related to the motor world. His fetish: Aston Martin Lagonda Despite the diverse of the Studio 434 collection, there is a model for which Dudding feels a special predilection: Aston Martin Lagonda. The millionaire has no less than 24 units of different versions, including the first and last one that were manufactured. The Dudding collection had 26 lagonda in its catalog, but, as confessed in its interview with Bellow the Radar Carsthey made a purchase offer for them that he could not reject and were to be part of other collections, so he dispensed with two of them. One of the most striking aspects of Rodger Dudding’s collection is that All vehicles are in perfect condition of operation. The collection has a motor engineer who works full -time by cyclionally reviewing each and every one of the cars and has them A day in maintenance. In addition, provided that the British climate allows it, the revised vehicles go around the storage apple so that the suspensions and mechanical elements They move. Studio 434, the company that manages the collection, is responsible for renting some of these Classic cars for eventsweddings, movies and television series, thus contributing to the conservation of the collection that has become a reference for motor lovers. Some of the cars in this collection have participated in series such as The Crown or in the saga of Harry Potter. In Xataka | They are founders and ultra -ups, but they have not always driven luxury supercoches: a review of the cars of the Tech millionaires In Xataka | McLaren only sent five units of this Senna LM to the US: a millionaire bought them all to be the only one to drive it Image | Flickr (Elyse Horvath, Niels), Studio434

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