DNA

Android changes its DNA. Google will exclude the apps from unidentified developers … even if they are not in the play store

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Google just activate the countdown for the Android we know. Since September 2026, any application you want to install on your Android – Come on Play Store, an alternative store or downloaded from a website – must be signed by a verified developer. It is the end of anonymity in the Android ecosystem. Why is it important. Android has always presumed to be the alternative open to iOS. That opening allowed to install applications of any source, without even Google knowing who developed them. With the advantages and disadvantages that that supposes. Now, All developers must reveal their real identity to Googlewithout exceptions. The company justifies the change with data: it detects 50 times more malware in applications downloaded via web than in the Play Store. Cybercounts take advantage of anonymity to distribute malware, commit financial fraud and steal personal data. The backdrop. This bomb comes in full legal earthquake for Google. Epic Games has won his antitrust case And the courts have ordered Android to open to third parties. Just when Google must allow more competition, impose unpublished control over who can develop for Android. It is a master play of Timing: Google maintains control of the ecosystem even when the courts force him to open it. Alternative stores may exist, but all applications must go through the Google verification filter. In detail. The new Android Developer Console will be mandatory for all: Developers must provide legal name, address, email and telephone. Organizations will also need corporate web and Luns number. Google promises not to show this information to users, but you will have it. There will be a “simplified” account for students and fans, without the rate of $ 25. The calendar does not leave much margin of maneuver: October 2025: Early access for selected developers. March 2026: Open registration for all. September 2026: Effective blockade in Brazil, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand. 2027: Global expansion. Google points first to countries “specifically impacted” by scams. But the message is clear: this will be global and inevitable. Yes, but. Thousands of independent developers will lose their privacy. Those who created useful tools without wanting to expose themselves now must choose: reveal their identity to Google or leave Android. He Sideloadingthat exhaust valve that historically differentiated Android from iOS, is injured in death. Technically it will continue to exist, but only for developer applications that Google has verified. Between the lines. Google says That this is like “showing the DNI at the airport”, which verifies identity, but not contained. The comparison is very good because airports are spaces of maximum control where we sacrifice freedoms for security. Just what Google is looking for. The current documentation does not explain what will happen if you try to install an un verified application. Google will probably distribute a white list through Play Services and your Android will simply reject anonymous developer applications. Deepen. This change replicates the model Gatekeeper Apple in macOSwhere developers must register for their apps to work. Android is converging with iOS in control, losing its main differentiator. Google insists that Android will remain “open”, but the semantics is not an exact science, and for many, “open” will not fit as a definition a system where each developer must ask Google permission to exist. The Android we knew has died today, although we will not bury it until September 2026. In Xataka | Notifications with advertisements of some of the apps that we use most are kidnapping our mobiles. And there is not much to do Outstanding image | Denny Müller

The ‘in vitro’ fertilization has taken a surprising step using mitochondrial DNA

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A child, three parents. It might seem science fiction, but it is already a reality. It is a reality that It started a decade agowith the approval in the United Kingdom of a novel technique that allowed Enter genetic information of a third person in a fertilization process In vitro Eight births. The British team to launch this technique has published the results Obtained from monitoring nine babies born after a fertilization process In vitro. A process with an important peculiarity: the introduction of mitochondrial DNA from a donor. Mitochondrial diseases. To understand the scope of the new procedure, we have to understand the reason that led to the development of this technique, avoid the transmission of mitochondrial DNA diseases. A problem that is estimated affects about 5,000 births per year. The mitochondria is a part of the cell responsible for producing energy but also has a DNA segment which is inherited matrilinearly. This matrilinear transmission can only be inherited by the mother, although they can affect people of any sex. This DNA can present harmful mutations that usually affect the proper functioning of this intracellular “energy” central “, which derives in diseases that manifest especially in those tissues that require the most energy, such as those of the heart or the brain. We do not have a cure for these diseases, but now we have a way to cut its transmission. Pronuclear transfer. The technique It is called pronuclear transfer And, according to the team that has launched it, it is done after the fertilization of the ovule, and consists in transplanting the nuclear genome of the ovule with the mutation to a new donor ovule, this with the desired mitochondrial DNA. The resulting cell has the parents’ nuclear DNA but the mitochondrial DNA of the donor parent. Studying the technique. The details of the study were described through two articles published in the magazine New England Journal of Medicine. The first of them He focused on studying the success of the technique itself. The technique did not eliminate the entire original mitochondrial DNA since in the core extraction process, part of this DNA was also captured and introduced into the new cell. According to the team, its presence in the neonate blood ranged between undetectable levels up to 16%. “The findings give rise to optimism. However, research to better understand the limitations of mitochondrial donation technologies will be essential to improve treatment results,” explained in a press release Mary Herbert, who led this part of the study. Healthy babies. He Second study He focused on clinical results, both on mothers and babies. During pregnancies only a complication was detected in one of them (hyperlipidemiaan excess of blood lipids), which responded to the prescribed treatment. The eight babies were born healthy and their development was normal during the study period, with most babies without health problems and the rest with mild problems that the team considers not related to the donation process. Regarding the success of the process, the team did not detect mitocondrial DNA in five of the eight babies, and the mutations that detected in the remaining three were maintained below 20%, which is far from the limit of 80% from which problems could begin to occur. The monitoring of these cases is still necessary to better know the evolution of each case. Ethical considerations. This monitoring will be necessary to clear doubts about the possible long -term impacts of this technique, a key consideration in the ethical discussion around the procedure. The United Kingdom approved this technique in 2015, but there are still many countries that have not legislated in this direction. “The study also raises ethical and scientific questions. The combination of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of different people could have long -term effects still unknown,” indicated a Science Media Center (SMC) Rocío Núñez Calonge, scientific director of the International UR Group and coordinator of the Ethics Group of the Spanish Fertility Society. And in Spain? Spain would remain in a legal limbo, without clear legislation in this regard, experts explain. “In Spain, our (…) (Law) on assisted human reproduction techniques, does not explicitly refer to this technique (which did not exist when this legislation was approved) by what Sensu stricto The procedure would not be expressly prohibited or explicitly authorized in our country. Essentially it is not regulated. The legal and ethical doubts that subsist have prevented, so far, that the technique of the three parents is applied in Spain ”, explained to SMC Lluís Montoliu, researcher at the National Biotechnology Center (CNB-CSIC) and Ciberer -iscii. In Xataka | 50 years ago we discovered people whose blood did not fit into conventional types. We have just discovered why Image | Newcastle University / Nathan Dumlao

Your DNA does not resemble anything we know

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A few days ago a really fascinating story was known. In 1958 someone found a skull in China dating 300,000 years, and after a recent study a surprising conclusion was reached: that “homo” did not look like None that we know. Something similar has happened in Colombia. 21 human remains have scientists with frown. Crossing roads without heirs. Colombia, essential point of passage in the migration of Homo Sapiens from Central America to the south of the continent More than 14,500 yearshas now revealed a forgotten chapter of his human past. An international team of researchers has recovered 21 remains DNA humans found in five archaeological sites of the Altiplano Cundiboyacensea plateau located in the center of the country. What they discovered It is amazing: an old group that inhabited this region about 6,000 years ago that has no genetic relationship With no current living population. Its lineage disappeared completely, without a trace in later generations. Plus: It is an extra rarity in South America, where the genetic persistence of native peoples usually has continuity, even partial. The study compared old DNA with more recent records Two worlds separated by millennia. According to the analysisthis first community was composed of hunters-gatherers, and its presence was extinguished totally about 4,000 years before of the arrival of a new genetically different human group, which was established in the same region approximately 2,000 years ago. The latter, direct ancestors of some current indigenous populations, probably spoke Chibcha languages and showed a more developed material culture: ceramics, advanced agriculture and a sedentary way of life. This group remained in the area until European colonization in the 16th century. The demographic replacement was absolute: the DNA of the ancient hunters-gatherers did not survive in any hereditary line of the subsequent inhabitants of the Altiplano. For scientists, this suggests a population change Complete in the area of ​​Bogotá, an unusual phenomenon that raises more questions than answers. Genetic puzzle. The discovery not only highlights the Total disappearance of a human group, but also clarifies the genetic history of South America, which was believed more linear. Previous studies They had already hinted unexpected connections between old South American populations and regions As remote as Australia. The Colombian case reinforces the idea that the first migrations south of the continent were more complex and diverse than was thought. The fact that this ancestral population does not have modern correlation in the current DNA suggests that, at some point, conflicts, epidemics or other processes still unknown could have caused their disappearance, Without miscegenation nor genetic absorption by later peoples. Human map Which The investigation It makes it quite clear is that Colombia, located in the narrow step between Central and South America, is and was key to understanding how the continent was populated. The finding of these genomes ( first old published In the history of the country) it opens new ways to investigate the prehistoric settlement of the region and shows how much there is still to be discovered. That a complete human lineage has been extinguished without leaving genetic offspring raises unknowns as deep as revealing, and makes the Colombian highlands a territory loaded with Enigmas to solve. As the researchers point out, it is really just the beginning: under the Andean surface, most likely, secrets still rest to rewrite the human history of South America. Image | PexelsKrettek et al., Science Advances, 2025 In Xataka | In 1958 we found a skull with 300,000 years in China. The problem is that we do not know what “homo” belongs In Xataka | The “ghost species” with which our ancestors were settled and disappeared without (almost) leave a trace

Nintendo Switch 2 seems not innovative. After trying it, it is 100% DNA Nintendo

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Today is thrown Nintendo Switch 2 And, as some claim, “it is the least innovative console in history.” That exaggerated phrase can be read in Redditbut although it may seem that it is the impression of a single user, the truth is that there is a runrun both inside and outside the industry about the role of the New Nintendo console. Nintendo Switch It was a revolution. Although it was the concept of Wiiu brought to an end to which, by technologythat machine could not reach, the hybrid console has not only filled the pockets of the Japanese company with More than 152 million units soldbut opened the way for the definitive success of this type of devices. Steam Deck, Asus Rog Ally either Lenovo Legion Go They drink, unquestionably, of switch, and it is unquestionable that the machine was more than an innovation, a revolution. The problem is the phrase that Nintendo is synonymous with innovation In everything he does when, precisely, when talking about historical consoles, we see that It is not so much like that. In fact, Nintendo Switch 2 is the most logical thing they could do from Nintendo. Nintendo Switch 2 is 100% Nintendo spirit Beyond what users can think about the machine, that it does not innovate when, apparently, it was forced to it is something that is resonating within the industry. On who? Then by one of the most authorized voices: Shuhei Yoshida. Yoshida was an emblematic piece of PlayStation. It was one of the initial members of the PlayStation project when Sony wanted to stand up to Nintendo after the betrayal of the Nintendo PlayStation and it was the President of Sie Worldwide Studioscoordinating dozens of studies and, currently, The indies that arrive in PlayStation. His career is full of successes (also some other bad decision, such as Do not trust in ‘Demon’s Souls’the game that preceded successes like ‘Dark Souls‘,’Bloodborne‘ either ‘Elden Ring‘), And after his retirement he is dedicated to saying what he thinks about the industry. Your opinion about Nintendo Switch 2? That Nintendo sacrificed innovation to have a more powerful console. In a recent podcastYoshida commented that “Nintendo is losing its identity. For me, they have always been those who created new experiences, such as designing a hardware and games that together give us a new experience. ” Basically, Nintendo has opted only for more power. In fact, The only thing he likes It is the ‘Welcome Tour’ (a collection of mini -games that will allow us to know the console better) and ‘The Duskbloods‘, The new of the creators of …’ Demon’s Souls’. But the opinions that Nintendo should really worry are those of their investors. In the presentation of the financial results, one of them asked about Switch 2 is a “bridge” console towards a new more innovative generation, and it was Nintendo’s own president, Shuaro Furukawa, who took the baton confirming that the hardware is more polished than in Switch and that innovation goes on the other hand. It is not the only one that has it, but the joy-with mouse function are an interesting addition “In recent years, developers have needed higher performance processing to achieve one of Nintendo’s most important objectives: new ways of playing. Therefore, this time we aim to design a hardware with a great performance capacity, ”said Furukawa. In summary: more power will allow ways to play that could not be experienced in Switch, and two of their first games are an example. ‘Mario Kart World‘It is huge, with an open world mode and 24 runners on the track, something impossible on Switch. AND ‘Donkey Kong Baniza‘It is a show in the destruction of the stage. Nintendo always innova? When we talk about games, and here it is already a personal issue, I consider that the company always offers something new. Two recent examples are ‘The Legend of Zelda Tears of The Kingdom‘carrying to the extreme the freedom of the first installment with a large engine of physical and a’Super Mario Wonder‘That shows that, after so many years, the formula of the Super Mario in 2D is not exhausted. But, when we talk about hardware, the thing is very different and, in fact, that “Nintendo always innova” has only been seen twice: when they have urgently needed it. In this graph we can see something vital for any company: Hardware sales. It is with video games with what they get money, but in the end it is the fish that bite the tail and more consoles sold more potential software. And what the figures tell us is that, if we do not count the Nesyour first console, Nintendo has only taken the imagination for a walk when his business was in danger. After nes, he arrived SNESwhich was a generational change from 8 to 16 bits and, therefore, only had more power. More than the same of SNES to a Nintendo 64 That it was a beast, but that stood out for its analog stick in the command resulting from the need to control characters in three dimensions. That extra power allowed the 3D that were already in other systems. Nintendo 64 stuck a tube, but the worst came with its next console: Game Cube. Was A authentic graphic beastmore powerful than PlayStation 2 that swept his generation, but sold extremely little. There Nintendo needed a change and, with the code name ‘Nintendo Revolution‘, they launched Nintendo Wii. He sold what is not written and, after her, tried, precisely, to innovate. The result? A wiiu that arrived with A bad namea worst marketing and the doors of a generational change -that of Xbox One and PS4– For which it fell in potential. Nintendo was held for sales of Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DSbut a new revolution was urged and Switch arrived. After 152 million consoles sold, and counting, Nintendo cannot play it with hardware And, precisely, he has done the same thing that already worked with Super Nintendo and … Read more

The arrival of the human being to South America, seen through the DNA of the heirs of the last great migration

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Throughout our history as a species, Homo sapiens We have managed to reach the most remote corners on Earth. Millennia before the era of exploration, our ancestors undertook a trip that took them out of Africa and populate the great continental masses from Europe to South America. Among all these great migrations, one of the most surprising was the one that led humans from Siberia to Patagonia, a 10,000 trip whose details are knowing. History in genes. A new genetic study has given us new clues on the great migration that resulted in the population of the Americas. A migration of 20,000 kilometers whose implications still last in aspects as apparently distant as health. The study allowed to draw the history of migrations until the considered “final border” of human migrations, Tierra del Fuego, Explain the team responsible for the study. History of a millennia trip. This great migration would have begun in Siberia between 27,000 and 19,000 years ago Approximately during the last glaciation, in what we know today as the Bering Strait would have formed a “bridge” of land due to a lower sea level than the present. Through Alaska, these populations would have arrived in North America, but the expansion through this continent would have been only an intermediate stage. The study focuses on the second part of the trip, when part of the new American population crossed the Central American Isthmus to enter the last continent in being populated. The last border. The new genetic analysis allows us to know how humans expanded in South America. The responsible team detected that lineages In this continent they began to diverge with each other between 14,000 and 10,000 years ago. From this point, the South American population began to separate into four groups. The first to disintegrate was those who populated the Amazon basin, while the rest was distributed among the high areas of the Andes mountain range, the desert area of ​​the Chaco, and finally, Patagonia. Reading migration in genes. For its study, the team sequenced the genomes of 1,537 individuals belonging to 139 villages of the continent. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Science. Very long -term implications. The consequences of this migratory movement and its vicissitudes still last and some of them still weigh on the native peoples of South America, especially as a consequence of the isolation of some of these populations with respect to the rest of humanity. This could explain why some populations were more susceptible to the introduction of infectious diseases by the first Europeans to reach the continent. “Those migrants carried only a subset of the genetic heritage in their ancestral populations (…). Thus, reduced genetic diversity also caused a reduced diversity in immunity -related genes, which can limit flexibility when fighting several infectious diseases,” stood out in a press release Kim Hie Lim, Co -author of the study. From the past to the present. Knowing new data on the genetics of American peoples can also help us in the present. This information is valuable when studying treatments of genetic diseases, or to better understand the functioning and impact of certain medications. In addition, the closest relationship between American and Asian populations implies new data on a population that, recalls the team responsible for the new work, covers 50% of the world’s population. In Xataka | A cave has revealed the macabre Mayan ceremony to honor its gods: there are 100 bones and none is where it should Image | Soyyosycocomiel / Martin St-Amant

12 million people delivered their DNA to 23Andme. The company broke and its data are about to change hands

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For years, spitting in a tube was the first step of an irresistible promise: discovering your roots, knowing your genetic predispositions, even finding family members lost by the world. Everything without moving home. The company behind that phenomenon was called 23ndmeand achieved something unusual: to turn genetics into a mass consumption product. That story has just turned. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals has reached an agreement to acquire the main assets of 23Andme for 256 million dollars, According to the official statement published by the pharmacist. It is a transaction that must still be approved by the Banking Court and by US regulators. At stake is a platform that has managed the DNA of millions of people worldwide. An announced end. The 23Andme fall has not been sudden. In recent years, the company went from being valued at more than 6,000 million dollars to fight for its own survival. His commitment to a more ambitious model – based on developing medicines, offering medical consultations by subscription and expanding digital health services – did not set. As details The Wall Street Journalthe company burned more than one billion dollars and ended up offering part of its assets in limit conditions. The sales agreement does not cover the entire business. Regeneron would keep the essential: the direct genomics service to the consumer, its biobanco of genetic samples and the research and total health divisions. The telemedicine subsidiary Lemonaid Health is left out, acquired in its day for 400 million dollars, whose closure will be made in an orderly manner outside this operation. Privacy: The real battlefield. The operation has re -placed privacy in the center of the debate. Regeneron has promised to respect current data use policies and has committed to undergoing independent scrutiny, as established by the judicial framework of the process. Even so, doubts persist on how one of the world’s largest genetic databases will be managed. The suspicion is not new. In 2023, 23Andme was a victim of a massive data filtration which affected 6.9 million people. As TechCrunch revealedthe attackers accessed the profiles of those who had activated the function of “genetic family”, obtaining names, locations and percentages of shared DNA between relatives. The company attributed the incident to the reuse of passwords by users, but the damage was already done. Anne Wojcicki, the face of an era. The 23Andme story cannot be told without mentioning Anne Wojcicki. Co -founder, visible face, visionary of personalized health and, at the same time, responsible for business decisions that led to collapse. His plan was to convert the company to an integral provider of medical services, but this did not prosper. He tried to recover control, but his power vanished with the beginning of the judicial process. According to WSJtheir actions with preferential vote were annulled and their offers rejected by the Board of Directors. Wojcicki opted everything to DNA as strategic assets. And for a while it seemed right. The company that helped to found transformed the way millions of people related to their health. It also showed to what extent a genetic database can become a mined field of legal, ethical and technological risks. A new stage, the same questions. Regeneron aspires to keep a powerful platform, a still recognized brand and an immense volume of genetic information. In its official statement, he affirms that his intention is to maintain service for current users and continue to develop new ways for personalized medicine. Images | 23ndme In Xataka | We have visited the place where the demographic hopes of Spain are literally deposited: the Semen Bank of Granada

We have just discovered that 20% of our DNA comes from an unknown hominid population: population B

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Perhaps at this point on remembering that human evolution is more like the branched structure of trees than to the linear image that we often use to illustrate it, that image in which our ancestors are irrigating and pertrechating tools. However, the bifurcations of these tree branches fail to illustrate some evolutionary changes. Because sometimes species not only diverge, they also converge. A recent genetic study has detected The trail in the human DNA of an old population that separated from our main lineage approximately 1.5 million years ago to converge some time later. The study has estimated that the genetic legacy of this second population (or population b) represents approximately 20% of our DNA today. The study responsible for the study also raises the possibility that this legacy has been positive for our species. According to the hypothesis raised, these genes would have been contributed to improve our cognitive capacity. “The question about where we come is one of those that has fascinated humans for centuries,” explained in a press release Trevor Cousins, co -author of the study. “For a long time, it had been assumed that we evolved from An ancestral continuous lineagebut the exact details of our origins are uncertain. “ The separation of these two evolutionary branches would have given rise to an evolution in parallel of the Populations A and B. The evolution of the population to correspond approximately what we already know, although the new work allows us to know in more detail its evolutionary history. As explained by the team responsible for the study, after the separation of the two populations, the population A would have suffered a “Bottleneck”: While the population B prospered, the A had to cross a period in which its numbers were very scarce, a situation that also implied a drastic reduction in genetic diversity. From the population A would have emerged the main human species of the past, including not only our species but also the “bifurcation” that would give rise to the arrival of Neanderthals and Denisovanosanother human species (or subspecies) that would have inhabited Central Asia hundreds of thousands of years ago. Reunion between species The history of population B is still enigmatic. The study has not recorded events such as population bottlenecks. We know that the core of this population disappeared but that at some point their roads crossed with the population A, giving rise to genetic exchange. He “Reunion” between populations It would have given more than one million years after separation, about 300,000 years ago, according to the estimates of the study responsible for the study. After this reunion, population B would fade without leaving another trace. The genetic inheritance that each population would have left in modern humans would be unequal. While we should about 80% From our genetic material, to population B we could owe the remaining 20%. The study detected that these genes of population B would concentrate sections of the population’s own genes A. Scheme that represents the evolution of the two populations and their relationship with Neanderthals, Denisovanos and ‘Homo Sapiens’ contemporaries. Cousins, Aylwyn Scally & Richard Durbin (2025). This suggests, explains the team, that both populations would have been little compatible. The uncompatibilities would have been purified over the years through the process known as purification selection, a process in which natural selection is eliminating harmful mutations. On this legacy, the team also indicates that these are genes closely linked to the functioning of the brain and the Information processing. This could imply that this small genetic inheritance could have had a great impact on the evolution of human intelligence and in the Evolution of our species. The analysis focused on the study of contemporary humans and not on the bone remains of prehistoric populations. The team resorted to the 1000 Genomes Project initiative, thanks to which it had a large genetic database with information about inhabitants of Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Genetics. The history of evolutionary convergence is long. Perhaps the best known case is that of the Neanderthals (Homo Neanderthalensis). This already extinct species occupied Europe and Asia tens of thousands of years before our species left Africa but, once they found themselves They coexisted in various areas of Eurasia. Thanks to its genetic legacy (which varies according to populations but usually around 1% or 2% among non -Afro -descendant), we know that the coexistence of sapiens and Neanderthals gave a lot of: The union of these species engendered hybrids whose lineages ended up merging with those who gave rise to contemporary humanity. In Xataka | North Africa was outside the bronze age map. A metallic waste has been put in the center of history Image | Pixabay / Pxhere

12 million people delivered their DNA to 23Andme. The company broke, but the problem for users goes further

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“Discover what your DNA says about you and your family.” This is how 23Andme, a company that proposes something as simple as sending a saliva sample and receiving information about the origin of your ancestors or possible relatives lost over time. No needles, without blood: a domestic genetic test that promises personal answers to ancestral questions. A few days after registering on the platform, the user receives at home a small box with a collection tube. You just have to deposit a saliva sample and return the package by mail. From there, the DNA is digitized and analyzed by algorithms. Three or four weeks later, the results appear directly on the entrance tray. In bankruptcy. Open the door to the past for less than $ 120 seemed a proposal for success. However, things did not go as expected. Last Sunday, 23 Andme accepted Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Law, that is, he declared himself in bankruptcy, and his CEO, Anne Wojcicki, soon presented her resignation. This outcome was not sudden. 23Andme had been facing doubts about his business model, disputes with investors and a concern for the property of his huge genetic database. Has never reported net benefits And its stock market value has collapsed in recent yearsentering a complicated field. Wojcicki tried to get the company several times, but its proposals were rejected again and again. “Although it disappoints me that we have reached this situation and that my offer has been rejected, support for the company and I intend to participate as a bidder,” The executive said in a shared message this Monday in X. Privacy nightmare. More than 12 million people, according to figures that we found on their website, shared their DNA with 23andme. Now, they could see how their data end up in the hands of another company. It is a very real possibility: the restructuring process includes the sale of assets with the objective of “maximizing the value of the business.” The situation has lit the alarms of the Attorney General of California, Rob Bonta, who issued an consumer alert focused on privacy. In it, he recalled that any citizen has the right to ask the company to eliminate their data and the destruction of any genetic sample that still retains. The company, on the other hand, has assured that there will be no changes in the way it protects user data during the bankruptcy process. However, your security history is far from being impeccable. Without going any further, last year One of its databases with millions of profiles on the Dark Web was leaked. Images | 23ndme In Xataka | My data has been filtered, now what: the steps you should always take that there is a massive filtration on the Internet that can affect you

8,000 years ago a group of farmers crossed the Aegean Sea. Its trail can still be seen in the DNA in Media Europe

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A little before 7,000 before Christ, the western hunters-gatherers and the center of the Anatolia They started cultivating. It seems likely and unimportant. But that little change ended up causing a deep social, economic and demographic reorganization of the entire European continent. And it is not an exaggeration. It was so strong that even today we can see her on the maps. PH2TER What are we talking about? Between 6,000 and 4,000 before Christ, those Neolithic Farmers of Anatolia They began to move beyond the Aegean And, progressively, they took agriculture to Europe and North Africa. They thus became the ancestral genetic component of this whole area of ​​the world. Subsequently, the arrival of the shepherds of the western steppe (the known as Yamnaya culture) He finished configuring the basic genetics of the historical peoples of Europe, but the strength of the legacy of the anatolian farmers remained very strong. Above all, in the south of the continent. How can this know? Taking into account that the databases are even more incomplete than we would like and, therefore, there is always enough speculative content, a map can be built by comparing historical and contemporary samples. On the map, you can see a spectrum in which blue represents populations with greater “genetic distance“With the neolithic anatolic farmers and the red the slightest distance. And, to tell the truth, it has enough surprises. Detlef Gronenborn, Barbara Horejs, Börner, Obe Who is who (genetically speaking)? As usually explained, in the European countries of the Mediterranean there is a greater genetic closeness with the first European farmers. Specifically, Greece and Italy are the sites with the greatest closeness. Sardinia, of which we already knew that They were a very unique genetic populationit seems that the palm is taken. As a curiosity, it seems that current anatolia is not so great. Paleogenetics for beginners. All this is still a curiosity of an amateur forum (one that presumably has serious reliability problems as we approach detail). However, it is a good example of the enormous depth that genetic studies give us to understand the intrahistory of humanity. As we said Half decade ago“Paleogenetic techniques are like Galileo’s telescope: they let us see where we could not until now, but we need to accumulate evidence, works and studies to know what is true and what is a mirage.” As happened with carbon-14 techniques (it took almost 40 years to be reliable to one hundred percent), we are about to see how the past changes. Image | PH2TER | In Xataka | The past of the future: how science changes (constantly) our way of seeing dinosaurs and the past in general

We have just rewritten the genealogy of the inhabitants of the Cantabria of the Paleolithic. Thanks to DNA found in the mud

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If we want to enter tens of thousands of years ago in the genetics of our ancestors, the only path we have is to study the bone remains in search of the low genetic material remaining in them. Or at least that used to be the case. 46,000 years ago. Because a new study has achieved Back 46,000 years in the past by analyzing sedimentary challenges in a Cantabrian cave. The genetic material found showed a common genetic ancestry among the inhabitants of the cave and populations settled in southern France in the same era. The mirror and his red lady. The history of the study of the archaeological site of the cave of El Mirón, located in Cantabria, begins with excavations initiated in 1996. Archaeological prospects would give one of its main fruits in 2010, with the discovery of the red lady of El Mirón. It was a partial skeleton that belonged to a woman from between 35 and 40 years deceased about 19,000 years ago. The appellation is due to the fact that the bone remains were found covered with a red ocher paint whose origin would not have been in the direct environment of the cave. Sedadna. One of the most striking details of the study is in its methodology. The new analysis of the remains of the site did not focus on the bone remains of the red lady, even on other types of bones. Instead they noticed the mud. The Sedadna methodology focuses on the sedimentary remains of DNA that still keep genetic information about the ancient inhabitants of the cave, humans or animals. These remains, Explain the study responsible for the study They allow us to ride ourselves very prior to that of the Red Lady, up to 46,000 years ago, in the Musteriense era, when the Neanderthals still inhabited Europe. From Fournol to Cantabria. However, the most relevant period in the new study is the Solutrense, the period in which the last maximum glacier occurred, approximately between 25,000 and 21,000 years ago. The sedadna extracted in the strata of this era allowed genetically to link the human populations that inhabited the cave in this era with other human groups. Specifically with the one known as Fournol lineagea group that we link with some deposits in Spain and in France. The new study allows us to better trace the genealogies of the human groups that inhabited the Peninsular North in Paleolithic. A genealogy that also covers the ancestry of the Villabruna lineage, which would have reached the region in bass Magdaleniensefrom the Balkans and northern Italy. The details of the study were published In an article In the magazine Nature Communications. Great carnivores. Another study key is in animals that inhabited the cave and, therefore, that they could be found in these times among the Iberian fauna. The team found traces belonging to carnivores such as leopard and hyenas, as well as the Dole, Wild Dog Asian or Indian Wild Dog (Cuon Alpinus), A canid now present in Southeast Asia. They also found DNA belonging to ungulates such as mammoths and rhinos, in addition to deer. In Xataka | “Look dad, ox”: the curious story of how an eight -year -old girl unwittingly discovered the paintings of the Altamira cave Image | University of New Mexico

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