Chinas

Vietnam has tired of China’s artificial islands, so he has decided to start building his own

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China has been pulling tons of sand for more than a decade. And not only is he doing it for Build airports: They are dozens of artificial islands for expand its military power. It is about China’s strategy to claim the maritime territories that they consider their own and that are also doing in the Yellow Sea coast in front of South Korea. The problem is that one of its neighbors has been tired. Vietnam has also begun to lift artificial islands in the same territory with a clear objective: to prevent China from conquering the area. AND The tension is servedclear. Spratly Islands. It may seem more reef, but that of Spratly Islands It is tremendously important at the geopolitical level. It is a reef that is located between four countries whose relations, in some cases, are a hotbed: China, Vietnam, the Philippines and Taiwan, and they are also a set of rich islands in resources natural as fishing banks (suitable for a China to which His folders fall short), oil and natural gas. It is estimated that there are 105,000 million barrels of oil and many other millions of gas drums. There is tension, therefore, to control those resources, but also because it is a relevant point at the strategic level. They are located on one of the most busy maritime routes and are key to both international trade as for world movement. Controlling that archipelago implies having an essential influence globally. Claims. And the situation is a chicken coop. The archipelago is composed of a hundred islands and there are countries that carry decades claiming his sovereignty over it. On the one hand, China says that the fishermen of the Ming dynasty of the fifteenth century have already established themselves there, so the islands belong to them. In addition, in 1947 they made a map that showed how they all belonged to them, starting to occupy some of them in 1988. Malaysia se put In the fight in 1979, claiming part of the archipelago, the same case as Brunéi. Philippines is another player on this board, occupying some islands and occupying some of them with soldiers, but the most persistent are Taiwan and Vietnam. Both demand the entire territory as their own. Taiwan, with the same foundation as China, and Vietnam, stating that the islands were part of the kingdom of Annam – predecessor of the country – during the nineteenth century. Both China and Vietnam recovered archaeological remains to demonstrate that the islands belonged to them in the past and had to remain their property today. But since they did not convince each other, they decided to go to action. Mischief is an example. It is in Chinese power and has names in different languages ​​depending on which country you ask. For China is měijì jiāo. For Vietnam is đá Vành KhĂn. And for the Philippines is Bahura Ng Panganiban. Everyone considers that it is yours Background. Thus, and at some point in 2013, China began to move. Taking advantage of the rocky parts of the reef close to the surface and using Dredging ships to lift the bottom of the sea, they began to build islands and extend some existing ones. In just five years, they created seven artificial islands, the transformation of atolls into comparative satellite images being evident. Militarizing the archipelago. In this whole story, the military presence of the countries involved in the conflict has been key, starring even armed incidents between them. And one of China’s clear objectives is the militarization of this space with a double objective. On the one hand, the most obvious: if you create an island and the militarizas, you make sure that if someone wants it, you also have to arrive with armed troops, being able to trigger a greater conflict. Subi is one of the islands in which China has placed an airport. So it was before and after 2016 On the other, establishing and reinforcing the military presence in an area that, as we say, is key. It is something we have seen recently, with the discovery of A radar anti -furtive ships on one of the islands. And it is a radar, yes, but also a powerful message in an area where the United States also has the eye: if the US and its allies cannot operate poachers in the South China Sea, they may not be able to deal with the forces of the popular liberation army. Discovery Great Reef is held by Vietnam and down to the right we see some changes. Philippines, Taiwan and China say it’s them But well, it is not just a radar: there is also a missile launch platform, and in several of the islands occupied, created or expanded by China we can see presence of military infrastructure such as bases or airports. In this TWSJ video we can see perfectly the evolution of the islands: Vietnam is planted. In 2021, Vietnam got tired of the situation and, being together with Taiwan the country that has the most interest in the archipelago, also began to lift islands in the Spratly. Mainly, for military and port presence that reinforce maritime logistics, but putting the direct in recent months. Since June 2024, Vietnam has “grown” 641 new hectares and measurements Totals of expansion 1,343 hectares compared to 1,882 of China. And the expansion is being rapid: in 2021, Vietnam only had four advanced ports with port. Now, it has tripled that number with cases such as Barque Canada Reef in which only the atolon was intuited and now has even a landing floor. Before and after in the reef Barque Canada Complaints from each other. The objective of one and others is to operate more time and in greater numbers on those islands before a relief arrives, being able to carry out maneuvers and patrols during the area throughout the year, but curiously, although Vietnam had already shouted in the sky before with China’s movements, it is … Read more

If the question was how Rare eeuu would get after China’s veto, the answer is: hard drives

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SSD units may have become the norm in our PCs and laptops, but traditional hard drives continue to have a huge specific weight. This type of storage supports have an additional advantage of which some companies want to take advantage of: they contain Rare earth. Recycling against Chinese restrictions. Last week Western Digital advertisement which has created an important hard -record recycling program. He has done it in collaboration with Microsoft and with specialized companies such as CMR (material critical rcycling) and Pedalpoint Recycling. Picaresque economy for the US. The recycling process will take place in factories located in the United States, and those materials would precisely be used in other manufacturing processes also in the North American country. It’s about A singular measure that is necessary before the difficulties that USA will now have to access Those materialsand it is an example of how the country – like others – will have to go to ingenious solutions to solve the problems derived from the commercial war with China. Hidden rare metals. The objective of this initiative is to obtain rare earth oxides containing disposses, neodymium and proseodimium. Along with these rare metals it is also possible to obtain aluminum, steel, gold, paladium and copper. Hard discs to Gogó. This type of storage support is used massively in large data centers used for example for cloud infrastructure, and their life cycles causes units to be discarded constantly to avoid data losses. WD states that they have already recovered 21.3 tons of hard drives, SSD units and trays in which they are usually encapsulated in those data centers. According to Financial Timeshard drives in data centers have a useful life between three and five years, and it is estimated that the amount of waste globally in this area reaches 75 million tons in 2030. Recycling seems to work. The company responsible highlight that they have managed to recycle 90% of those rare metals, and 80% for the rest of the materials that you want to recycle. A complex but effective process. The discs come from Microsoft data centers and are sent to Pedalpoint to be ordered and processed. The magnets and steel are sent to CMR, and this company makes use of a recycling process called “dissolution without acids” (ADR) which is the one that extracts rare earths. This technology uses a copper salts solution to create a selective leaching that produces 99.5% pure rare oxides. The company avoids aggressive chemicals that could damage these rare earths or adjacent materials, such as aluminum. And more sustainable. According to The study Of the Digital Western engineers, this recycling process produces 95% less greenhouse gases than the traditional mining of these rare and material earths. Recycling hard drives is increasingly interesting. WD’s announcement is striking, especially considering that Microsoft is also involved in that project. However, hard drives recycling has been an area in which some startups are focusing clearly. We talked recently about Hypromag and Cyclic Materialsand in both cases the objective is the same: extract rare earths with recycled hard drives, as WD does. There is Other options underwayof course. But. The collection of these rare earth metals through recycling processes is striking, but China has restricted the export of seven rare metalsand only one of them (Disposio) is commonly used in hard drives. Image | Wikimedia | Barez Omer In Xataka | The US will not be able to contain the technological development of China. Experts from the chips industry forecast it

China’s 125% tariffs are the entrance door to an even more drastic process: “decoupling”

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The New Tariff war between Washington and Beijing It is creating the conditions for a total separation of the two largest economies in the world, something that just one year ago seemed unthinkable. What’s happening. Trump has suspended the highest tariffs for dozens of countries for 90 daysbut those applied to China has increased to 125%, marking a clear strategy: isolate Beijing. This rotation is not a decala. On the contrary, it is an attempt to form a common front against China, turning what seemed like a multilateral commercial conflict in a bilateral confrontation. In figures. The magnitude of this break is huge: 73% of the phones that the United States uses from China. 78% computers have Chinese origin. 87% of video game consoles. And 77% of toys. Between the lines. This crisis is not accidental, but calculated strategy. Trump first created a worldwide threat and then appeared as someone reasonable by offering a partial truce. For all except for China, on whom it maintains maximum pressure. “We can reach an agreement with our allies”, said The Treasury Secretary, Scott Besent. “They have been good military allies, although not so good in the economic. And then we can face China as a united block.” The background. 125% tariffs account for a practically impassable barrier for trade. It is not only protectionism, but total economic decoupling. The impact is immediate: Goldman Sachs has trimmed its growth forecast for China From 4.5% to 4% by 2025. Meanwhile, 19 billion dollars have vanished from world stock markets since February, according to Bloomberg. And now what. We go towards A world economy divided into blockssomething not seen from the collapse of the Soviet Union. Beijing has already suggested that he could devalue a Yuan already increasingly weak. And has warned its citizens against traveling or studying in the United States. Chinese authorities have made it clear that they will not be the first step to negotiate, while Trump says he is “waiting” for his call. The key moment. Trump’s strategy goes through a vision of zero sum: use the size of the US market as a lever and create conditions for other countries Choose side. Block. Island. “Trust has vanished,” says Da Wei, director of the International Security and Strategy Center at the Tsinghua University in Beijing. “In the balance between economic development and economic security, security will always be emphasized. This is a long -term change.” Global supply chains have been built for decades of a globalization now questioned. And also now face a change of roles whose consequences are impossible to anticipate with certainty. In Xataka | The EU moves token and approves its retaliation tariffs to the US: we already know when the counterattack will begin to be applied Outstanding image | Xataka

The US strategy before China’s unstoppable naval growth has an unexpected protagonist: Japan

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The United States has been lagging behind in a field that previously dominated with iron fist. Its Marina fleet (sub) has been reduced to the same time as its budget. While China, Russia or even North Korea have been developing A new type of “war” Under the sea giving special importance to the “nuclear” theme in the UUV, Washington was still paralyzed. He Arctic case It is another perfect example. Perhaps for this reason, the approach has turned radically: Japan. Japan as an example. Before the growing Maritime Power of China And the difficulties facing the naval industry of the United States, Congress is evaluating the possibility of Adopt the Japanese model of constant production of submarines. Unlike the American system, where the amount of built vessels varies annually according to the budget, Japan (next to South Korea) has maintained for decades a production rate of A submarine per yearan approach that has provided stability to its naval industry and cost efficiency. The Naval Congress Specialist, Ronald O’Rourke, presented this model at a hearing of the Subcommittee for the Projection of Forces and Maritime Power of the House of Representatives, arguing that the Japanese strategy allows to maintain an constant acquisition rate Without affecting the total size of the fleet. Instead of increasing production, Japan manages the number of submarines in service through the extension of its useful life. The success of the Japanese model. To understand the formula we must go back in time. For decades, Japan has followed this strategy for protect your maritime interestsespecially in the soybeans, Tsugu and Tsushima, key routes where Russian and Chinese ships travel. Initially, its fleet consisted of 16 operational submarines and two training, but in 2010 it extended its objective to 22 submarines without increasing productionsimply prolonging your service time from 16 to 22 years. There is another key: the Japanese system allows Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries alternate the manufacture of submarineswhich avoids fluctuations in the workload of the shipyards and guarantees the maintenance of a highly specialized workforce. This strategy has caused the Japanese naval industry to be efficient, competitive and adaptable to changes in defense needs without generating extra costs or logistic problems. In front of the US decline. On the other sidewalk we have Washington. While Japan maintains its stability in naval production, the United States Navy faces A worrying scenario. The construction of your ships has become increasingly expensive and slowand the data corroborates it, since the total cost of the 46 ships currently under construction was tripled in a single year, from 3.4 billion to 10.4 billion dollars. But there is more. The aircraft carriers, which used to take 8 years to build, now They require 11 years. Here, China is advancing on the right too, As we explain. The attack submarines, whose construction took six years in the 2000s, now take nine. Even the Navy faces the shortage of personnel, both in the shipyards and in the crews, which further aggravates delays. All challenges that make the option of adopting the Japanese approach or that of South Korea, two of the world’s largest naval builders, win traction in Washington, especially when the number of US attack submarines is on the way to decrease in the coming yearswhich could affect the balance of power in the Pacific. Japan as a strategic complement. All this leads us to the proposal of Congress. In addition, the strengthening of the Japanese underwater fleet not only reinforces Tokyo’s defense, but also benefits the United States By having a better prepared ally in the region. O’Rourke pointed out that if Japan decided to expand its fleet to 30 submarines, it could do it maintaining its current production rate and extending the useful life of their vessels at 30 years. The recent delivery of RAIGEI Submarineof the Taigei class, by Kawasaki Heavy Industries to the Japan Ministry of Defense, it is a sample of the efficiency of the system we are talking about. Mitsubishi did the same with him Jingei submarinereflecting a constant production scheme that contrasts with the problems of the American naval industry. The challenge in an uncertain political context. While the Japanese model offers clear solutions, its implementation in the United States is not so simple. The main reason? The American system depends on annual budget negotiationswhat generates fluctuations in naval production and hinders long -term planning. In addition, political and economic uncertainty, including possible commercial restrictions and Threat of new tariffs On the part of the Trump administration, they could further complicate any attempt to stabilize the industry. Thus, the things already measure that competition with China in the maritime field intensifies, the US Congress is forced to reconsider its naval construction strategy. Adopting the Japanese model could represent a viable solution to improve efficiency, reduce costs and ensure that the Navy keeps its position on the global stage. A complicated equation that would require deep structural changes In the way in which the country finances and manages its industry, a challenge that is yet to be resolved. Image | Tom Dennison In Xataka | The US Navy faces an unprecedented threat: China, Russia and North Korea are developing a new type of underwater war In Xataka | Eight Rompehielos have turned Russia into the power of the Arctic. Your secret: Nuclear force to operate all year

China’s robots represent an existential threat to the US, according to semi -health experts

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“This is a call to action for the US and West. We are on the threshold of a non -linear transformation of The industrial societybut the basis on which US is intense is unstable. Automation and robotics They are going through a revolution which will allow the total automation of all strategic and manufacturing industries. These Smart robotic systems They will be the first industrial piece that will not be complementary, but completely additive: work 24/7 with a performance higher than any human being (…) “. “Currently the only country positioned to capture this level of automation is China, and, if it achieves it without the US to follow the same path, the expansion of production will be exclusive to China, which will represent an existential threat to the US when it is overcome in all its abilities.” This text is signed by Dylan Patel, Reyk Knuhttsen, Niko Ciminelli, Jeremie Eliahou Ontiveros, Joe Ryu and Robert Ghilduta, six experts from SEMIANALYSIS. This American consultant specializes in the analysis of the semiconductor industries and the artificial intelligence (AI), and their studies are usually reasonably accurate. China’s technological and scientific development rhythm is overwhelming The lines of the semi -toalysis report that I just mentioned contain a lot of interesting information, but without a doubt the most forceful reflection of how many they put on the table is none other than the great capacity that China has in the technological, scientific, and, of course, economic. It is evident that they all go hand in hand, but this attention call will hardly take off the US administrations and Western countries. We can be sure that their slow reflexes is not caused by ignorance. China has the necessary capacity and resources to dispute its world leadership position to the US The US government led by Joe Biden openly recognized the document that collects its National Security Strategy October 2022 that China has the necessary capacity and resources To dispute the US Its world leadership position. The social, economic, military and technological development that the country led by Xi Jinping has experienced during the last two decades supports this conclusion. The following literal extract of this document reflects very clearly why the US government considers China a threat: “The Popular Republic of China (RPC) is the only competitor that has both the intention of remodeling international order and, increasingly, the economic, diplomatic, military and technological capacity to do so. Beijing has the ambition to create a wide sphere of influence in the regions of the Indian and the Pacific, as well as to become the leading world power.” These lines perfectly condense the background history that has triggered The international situation in which we are. Anyway, as we have just seen, semi -health experts emphasize the development of robotics and automation technologies in China. In their text they do not speak of the possibility that the country of Xi Jinping use Robots for military applications; What they maintain is that this technology represents an existential threat to the US Due to its ability to radically transform the industrial model of which not only the country currently led by Donald Trump, but also Japan, South Korea, Taiwan or a good part of European countries, among other nations. At the current situation, staying behind in strategic field like this is not an option. Image | Generated by Xataka with Dall-e More information | SEMIANALYSIS In Xataka | Chinese scientists claim to have created something groundbreaking: the fastest and most efficient transistor that exists

It is China’s key towards technological self -sufficiency

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RISC-V architecture plays a central role in China’s strategy. This technology is A free hardware alternative Both Intel and AMD X86-64 designs and CPUs with ARM architecture that have proliferated in recent years. For the country led by Xi Jinping represents the opportunity to hold its technological development Despite the sanctions of the US -led alliance. In fact, the Chinese government has created a consortium of companies and research institutes that seeks to develop chips with this architecture. Tencent, Alibaba and the Academy of Sciences of China are some of the organizations that are working on the development of RISC-V architecture, and the US administration is very worried. It is because this technology can be used to point out extraordinarily capable supercomdators. In fact, Europe already has Epac ready (European Processor Accelerator), its first RISC-V chip, and has been designed to reside inside the next European superorders. Alibaba’s Xuantie C930 processor is a great opportunity for China At the end of August the Chinese company Unisoc presented its E450R chipa processor implemented on the RISC-V architecture that integrates an asymmetric cryptography engine 50% faster than that implemented by UNISOC in its previous security chip. In addition, according to this company, it offers a 50% improvement in transactions -based applications, so, a priori, it is ideal for high demand environments. Anyway, as we have seen, there are other Chinese companies working in RISC-V processors. “This open source chip will help build an inclusive and collaborative global ecosystem” Damo Academy, the Alibaba subsidiary dedicated to research, has developed The Xuantie C930 server processor. This chip with RISC-V architecture is expressly designed for work on high performance environmentslike the servers of the data centers, and, even, the autonomous cars, so it represents a very important step of China at a juncture in which the US sanctions and its allies prevent you from accessing the processors for more advanced servers currently available. Nor Guangnan, an academic from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has declared That “this open source chip will help build an inclusive and collaborative Global RISC-V ecosystem, becoming the new disruption engine of the semiconductor industry.” On the other hand, an analyst from the Guotai Junan Securities consultant assures that “in the same way that Depseek has challenged OpenAi monopoly with its open source advantages, low cost and high performance, RISC-V shows significant potential in the AI ​​era.” These two statements synthesize very well why this Alibaba processor is so important to China. In fact, the country led by Xi Jinping needs this type of solutions to sustain its technological development despite the restrictions that come from the US and its allies. In addition, Alibaba has confirmed that he will begin to distribute this chip to his clients During this Marchalthough it has not required how many units it currently has. What has corroborated is that it will maintain its available design to graduate it to other integrated circuit designers who are interested in it. Image | Chinese Academy of Sciences More information | SCMP In Xataka | Risc-V needed to take a giant step to compete with ARM. I just thanks to Google

Europe already has its master lines to consolidate the electric car. And along the way it will copy China’s tactics

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The European Commission has submitted its proposal to boost the electric car in Europe. A proposal that arrives with various open fronts, that opens its hand with the manufacturers in the field of short -term broadcasts and that points to greater protectionism against China. These are the master lines of a plan that should gradually approve in various lines of action. What do we have? The proposal of the European Commission, led by Ursula von der Leyen, to promote the use and electric car production in the medium term. The intention of Europe remains to electrify much of the fleet of vehicles that circulate on our roads for which it is expected to allocate 1.8 billion euros. The proposal will have to be approved in various packages by the European Parliament and the Council of Europe. It remains, therefore, to receive the approval of the countries to carry out measures that take into account from the regulations for the production of batteries. Emissions. It is undoubtedly the most controversial aspect. Advanced by the president herself From the European Commission last Monday, manufacturers will have up to 2027 to comply with the limits of emissions that should be applied this year under the threat of fines that could be one thousand millionaire. The idea was to sanction all manufacturers that They will exceed 93.6 gr/km of CO2 Maximum fleet sold with 95 euros per gram overcome and car sold. That put manufacturers such as the Volkswagen Group against fines that could approach 7,000 million euros. If approved (von der Leyen aspires to be a rapid procedure) manufacturers will have to comply with that limit of 93.6 gr/km of CO2 in 2027 but it will be an average emissions of the last three years. That is, they will be able to overcome this year and compensate in the coming years to enter within the maximum limits set. China. Before China’s competition, Europe seeks to arm. He wants to do it with a comprehensive strategy that facilitates the production of batteries for electric cars on European soil and putting obstacles, as we will see, to use bridge to countries with special commercial treaties with the European Union. What Europe wants to do is simply Copy the tactic that China has been applying more than 20 years. The European Commission speaks of “ensuring that investments from countries external to the European Union benefit local companies and help improve long -term competitiveness.” To achieve this, they hold in The countrythe European Commission is willing to support that foreign manufacturers ally with local companies and, in this way, facilitate the transfer of knowledge. When China positioned itself as a cheap and attractive soil for vehicle manufacturers, it used this tactic: who would like to manufacture in China would have all the facilities but should Alder yes or yes with a local manufacturer. The only one that has avoided it has been Tesla But it has arrived much later and in another context than its rivals. The Morocco Bridge. In recent months, Morocco and Türkiye They were positioning themselves as a very attractive market for Chinese companies. Their specific commercial treaties with the European Union allowed them to skip tariffs on electric cars while obtaining a cheap labor. The European Commission wants to end that and force companies to manufacture on continental soil. However, we will have to see what repercussions this has if it goes ahead. There are European companies, such as Stellantis either Renaultthat already contribute the advantages that Morocco offers them to manufacture their cheapest cars and lower profit margin. Europe’s notice in this regard is clear and, if necessary, they will use “the use of commercial defense instruments, such as anti -subvent measures, to protect European unfair competition companies”: Purchase aid. It was one of the great questions and we have barely obtained an answer. The possibility of standardizing the aid to the purchase and that Europe directly apply the discount on the purchase of the car and deliver the money corresponding to the dealerships is rumored for a long time. In Spain We continue without MOVES Plan But so far criticisms have always pointed to long waiting to collect the subsidy. The money delivered was European but currently has to go through the Spanish State that distributes it between the autonomous communities and they manage aid. This way of working can cause more aid to be approved than money available, extending the waiting time to collect. In other countries, Like Portugal or Germanythe discount was directly reflected at the time of purchase. That aid is then processed by the manufacturer who presents the documentation to the State and receives the corresponding money. The processes are expedited, there is greater transparency and greater security is created in the face of the client receiving the money as soon as possible. However, the European Commission has only assured that “it will actively work with member states to optimize these incentive systems for consumers”, without giving more details. Photo | European Commission In Xataka | Europe had a plan to jump into the electric car and 2025 was its first fire test. The manufacturers have ended it

A startup claims to have the weapon to end China’s monopoly on rare earths: hard drives

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In the technological era and Energy transition to renewables and the electric car In which we are, the Rare earth They have become the most valuable currency. This set of elements has become essential for many industries, but there is a problem: China dominates both mining and, above all, Rare Earth Metals Productionand he does not hesitate to use them as a throwing weapon in the Technological and Commercial War in which we are. While west Decide which are the next steps In the search for the gold of the 21st century, there are already those who work to obtain rare earth elements from wherever it is thanks to recycling. And that hard drive that has been in the drawer for years is a treasure. ‘Chrysistunity’. “Rare earth” is the name with which we call a group of 17 minerals that are used to manufacture components of electric car batteries, precision medical instruments, speakers or elements of wind turbines, among many other applications in virtually all sectors. Taking them out of the earth is not as much problem as their refining, since it is a process that does not get along with Western pollution restrictions. That is why we were delegating this task to China and, now, the Asian giant dominates practically 90% of production. So important are that the country usually uses the export of rare earth metals when it receives a new western commercial blow and even in the Ukraine War we have seen Trump condition US support to the supply of rare earth. But before each crisis, there is an opportunity. Old hard drives. In the absence of being able to produce them, why not get those elements through recycling? With the plastic we do not do it very well, but with other elements, and in the case of rare earths, it is something that can work. That is precisely what the company has proposed Hypromaga startup founded by personnel from the Metallurgy and Materials School of the University of Birmingham that, as we read in Financial Timeshas focused on the recycling of hard drives. These components once dominated our PCs and, although they remain of great value as external discs and, above all, as components for NAS systems, they have gradually been separated by much faster SSDs and that have been lowering price. And these hard drives have some components that are manufactured thanks to rare earth elements, such as magnets that allow their operation. Recycling. Gavin MUDD is the director of the Critical Mineral Intelligence Center of the United Kingdom and comments that the country imports between 5,000 and 10,000 tons of rare earth magnets every year in the form of finished products and components, but only 1% of that figure Recycle. He affirms that it is not an isolated case and that it is an amount similar to that of other industrialized nations. “We need to consider future domestic production, and that leads us to consider recycling,” he says. And that is where Hypromag technology comes into play. They claim that their technique allows them to extract the magnets that contain rare earths, which weigh between 10% and 15% of the hard disk itself, and obtain the elements sought. To do this, they have a great drum that they fill with even a ton of waste at the same time and, after closing the hermetic doors, introduce pure hydrogen inside. Then, hydrogen unstals enter the fissures of the magnets, causing them to break and separate them from the surrounding material. After this process, which lasts between four and eight hours, a powder composed mainly of the ingredients of the magnet – the neodymium – falls to the bottom of the container, while other elements such as steel, nickel and aluminum are separated and also can also be recycle. Subsequently, they grind the sifted material and an alloy occurs that can become a magnet again. Different approaches. There is another company that is in garlic and that has also spoken with Financial Times with a tone of competition that, in the end, is the one that can advance the industry of rare earth recycling. This company is called Material Cyclic And he affirms that his method is better than that of “magnet to magnet” because he allowed to crumble each component of the elements instead of separating magnets, on the one hand, iron and steel on the other. Ahmad Ghahreman is the executive director of this company and affirms that its approach allows companies to use the rare lands as they want, not only as magnets. And he compared the two approaches with the recycling metaphor of a pizza: “When recycles pizza with our technology, raisins from flour pizza, salt, pepper and all other ingredients. With the other, pass from pizza to the dough. ” An ambitious patch. Despite competitiveness in his words, Ghahreman considers that both methods are valid and “profitable.” In 2024 they produced 100 tons of rare earth oxides, but they hope to reach 600 tons for the end of this year. In addition, they have plans to open another plant in the United States with a capacity of 1,200 tons per year and have plans to open facilities in Canada and Europe in 2028. Hypromag, on the other hand, hopes to produce between 25 and 30 tons per year in its first phase, but with extension plans to 350 tons thanks to a new plant in Germany and another 1,000 tons of annual alloys with a projected plant in Texas. They are less concrete plans, but the objective of both companies is the same. Clue. Allan Walton, the founder of Hypromag, comments that this technology “is a way of extracting large amounts of rare earths and creating a domestic supply,” and the truth is that the recycling of rare earths is something that has been speaking for years, but It was always a challenge. And it is something that is being sought in various parts of the world. For example, … Read more

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