china

An existential threat looms over several US chips companies. And China is just one of its problems

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Several US companies involved directly in the integrated circuit industry are suffering. Some of them, in fact, They are flirting with bankruptcy. In this context it is inevitable not to think of Intel and The difficult stage that crosses Currently, but from the company Led by Lip-Bu Tan We have spoken a lot in recent months. The companies in which we are going to investigate in this article are smaller, but, even so, they play a very important role in the US chips industry. The worst is happening is, without a doubt, Wolfspeed. And this company of Durham (North Carolina) It has officially declared in bankruptcy. Its specialty is the development and manufacture of silicon carbide (sic) and gallium nitride (GAN) semiconductors for high -power electronics applications, which positions them as extraordinarily attractive integrated circuits for the electric car industries, renewable energy, data centers, fast -charged infrastructure and aerospace and military industries. Robert Feurle, the general director of Wolfspeed, has declared That “after evaluating the options available to strengthen our balance and adjust our capital structure we have decided to take this strategic step (declare in bankruptcy and look for new financing routes) because we believe that it will place Wolfspeed in the best possible position for the future.” An interesting note before moving forward: Spain has launched The Godic project with the purpose of contributing to the independence of Europe of silicon carbide semiconductors from China and the US. China is not the only cause of the problems of American companies Wolfspeed is not at all the only company in the US chips industry that is in difficulties from a financial point of view. The American subsidiary of the Israeli company Tower Semiconductor, Globalfoundries, on semiconductor, Skywater Technology or Ayar Labs are some of the companies that are also facing economic difficulties. The competition from China is subjecting them to a pressure that does not cease to increase, but the competitiveness of Chinese companies is not the only factor that is putting in trouble some US chips companies. The competitiveness of Chinese companies is not the only factor that is putting in trouble some US chips companies Tariffs linked to Imports from China which has deployed US administration seeks to protect the business of US companies within your market. However, most of the companies that I have mentioned in the previous paragraph also sells their semiconductors outside the US. And the competitiveness of Chinese companies in other markets is very high due mainly to two crucial factors: their prices are moderate thanks to contained production costs and the quality of their products is comparable to that of their western and Asian competitors. In any case, the economic problems faced by some designers and manufacturers of American chips do not have their origin solely in China’s competition. Wolfspeed is at a very delicate moment because, beyond the pressure exerted on it, its Chinese competitors, The global demand of the high -power semiconductors it produces has fallen. In addition, during the last five years He has borrowed To be able to build new integrated circuit factories, and currently you cannot assume this economic burden. The panorama of other US companies that are dedicated to chips is not very different to the context with which Wolfspeed is dealingso it is possible that in the short or medium term other companies also enter in bankruptcy. Image | Xataka More information | GLOBALDATA In Xataka | The US is willing to do anything for advanced chips not to reach China. And Malaysia is an obstacle

China has commissioned the largest battery of all its electricity network to an unexpected company: Tesla

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China has no problem parking Commercial tensions with the United States If it is for the benefit of the country. And the country needs Tesla for an increasingly pressing task: stabilize a network with more and more renewable participation. The largest battery in the largest network. China has selected Tesla to develop what will be the largest energy storage station at network scale throughout the country, surpassing the 1 GWh battery park in Shandong. The American giant He signed an agreement with the local government of Shanghai for 4,000 million yuan, 557 million dollars, to lift a gigantic station that can actively participate in the spot electricity market. China has the largest electricity grid and a renewable energy generation capacity in constant and massive growth. The Tesla battery station You can buy and store energy When demand and price are low, and then sell it to the network during consumption peaks, helping to balance supply and demand, and improving the general stability of the system. The business is in the megapacks. The Energy Division of Tesla does not stop growing, to the point of become a fundamental pillar of the company. The project engine is megapacks, Large storage units in 3.9 MWh batteries which can be used to stabilize the electricity grid and avoid supply cuts. It is no accident that the most ambitious battery station in China will be built in Shanghai. Just four months ago, Tesla launched a new Megapacks factory in the Lin-Gang area, where is also its car factory “Gigafactory Shanghai”. The new “Megafactory” is the first plant of this type out of the United States, and although it has barely been operational since February, it has already produced more than 100 megapacks. Tesla gets into the patio of Catl and Byd. They are “only business”, but the movement is still striking considering that Tesla is competing with Catl and Bydthe two Chinese giants who take 54% of the world battery market. Another way to see it is that China needs many batteries By the end of the year, the government expects to reach 40 GW of storage. But taking into account that the country installs half of the entire new capacity for renewables (329 GW in 2024), by the time the Tesla battery station in Shanghai enters service, the goal will have continued to rise. And Tesla will be just one of the puzzle pieces. Image | Tesla In Xataka | China manufactures more batteries than anyone. The problem: they accumulate next to the solar panels without storing energy

China does not want users on the Internet. He wants perfectly identified citizens

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China will establish a new virtual identity system so that its citizens can record on all types of online services and platforms. The new system – which is now voluntary – is called “identity certification of the National Network” and will make Chinese Internet users lose one of the few cracks that had left: anonymity. Internet card. The regulations of this new centralized Internet identity system It was published In May 2025 and will enter into force on July 15, 2025. Identity checks will be mandatory in all types of online platforms, and that will imply that it will be very difficult for users to maintain their anonymity for example on social networks. This virtual card works as a mobile application in mobile NFCs that can configure both adult and minor users, as explained The guide start -up. The Chinese excuse. In the document published jointly by several Chinese agencies – as the Ministry of Public Security or the administration of the cyberspace of China – it is indicated that its objective is to “protect the security of citizens’s information and support the healthy and orderly development of the digital economy.” A “Antibalas Vest”. In the CCTV account – the Chinese official public television service— In Weibo They explained how These measures “They are based on legal identity information” and will provide a way to verify users in all types of services and “reduce the collection and retention of personal identity information.” It is like “A bulletproof vest so that third parties cannot gather your full personal information,” they say. Digital Totalitarianism. In CNN cite The words of Xiao Qiang, a researcher specializing in Internet censorship, which indicates that “it is a unified identity system and directed by the State, capable of monitoring and blocking users in real time. You can directly erase the voices that you do not like, so it is more than a surveillance tool: it is an infrastructure of digital totalitarianism.” Another repression measure. There is the Internet that we all know and use, and there is the Chinese Internet. And in that last Censorship and control dominate everything. The Chinese totalitarian regime is more patent than ever in the access and use of the Internet, and We have seen In recent years with the massive prohibition of Feminist or LGTB activismthe elimination of Youth jargon In social networks, the fight against CULTITIES CULTor the Total comments control that users publish on social networks to eliminate those that are not appropriate. State pseudonyms. According to the State Media Agency Xinhua, More than six million people They have already registered voluntarily to achieve their particular Internet identifier. The “cyberspace identifier”, as the agency calls it, can have two variants: a series of letters and numbers or an online credential. Both correspond to the real identity of the user “but exclude information in flat text.” That is: they are a kind of pseudonym, but one controlled by the State. “Volunteer” with quotes. One of those responsible for the Ministry of Public Security also indicated in Xinhua how this virtual card was voluntary. However, this voluntariness is debatable because the Chinese government is promoting the integration of said system into various industries and sectors. Haochen Sun, a law professor at Hong Kong University, said in CNN that although the law effectively presents the system as a volunteer, it could end up becoming a system that users would have to end up using to access all types of platforms that integrate it. Silence criticism. This system He began to take his first steps Last year, when a police manager named Jia Xiaoliang proposed it at a meeting of the National Popular Party Congress in March 2024. The criticisms of the experts were numerous, and for example Lao Dongyan, a well -known professor of law at the University of Tsinghua, said in Weibo that the system allowed to “install a espionage device for the online activity of people.” Evogate. That post ended up being erased and the account suspended without being able to publish for three months for “violating important rules.” A year later, when the definitive rules of the project were finally published, there were practically no criticism on social networks. As Xiao explained, it is a typical method in China, which leaves some time before announcing definitive measures to allow some “relief” and those voices end up losing strength. Image | Joseph Chan In Xataka | China is training its AI in suitcases full of hard drives: thus they are mocking the US veto to the advanced chips

China is flooding from devices without a trace of Android. Huawei is the main responsible

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Huawei’s ability to respond to the numerous restrictions imposed by the United States government is being the best example. The company is in the process of continuing to it to go beyond the Kirin 9020marking rhythm of launches with The Pure 80 Ultra and its Advanced Chamber Systemand achieving what no other manufacturer had achieved to date: create a real alternative to Android. Huawei is working for the plan. Harmonyos It is a strategic turn towards the technological self -sufficiency that China has been chasing for decades. An own operating system, with national code and without a trace of Android, the platform that Huawei used in the initial phases of the system. At the end of 2024, Huawei’s Annual Results Report He presumed that more than one billion devices had Harmonyos. In this first half of 2025, we have some more specific data. At all rag. According to Canals, Huawei has sent a total 103 million smartphones with Harmonyos and 21 million tablets from 2021 at the end of 2024. Of those 103 million, almost half (46 million) were sent last year, showing how the last two years are being key to the growth of the company. The data, without context, are only data. To understand at what point Huawei is located to know that, in 2021, the estimates of sale of smartphones gave Huawei 10 million. The figure is important and shows an upward trend: Huawei has gone from the free fall that suffered between 2021 and 2022 to a sustained recovery process in the last two years. In 2022 the figure doubled to almost 20, to end up arriving at 2025 at 46 million. More prohibitions, more shipments. The United States Plan to isolate Huawei in the world has a double edge. The company has collapsed in Europe and left its position to its sister honorbut the efforts to grow nationwide are clearer than ever. Huawei is triumphing in China, and the consultants point out that it will be one of the mobile companies that will grow the most global in 2025 (growth marked by the path they are following in China). A plan that will accelerate with the license restrictions that affect its PCs. Huawei can no longer sell Windows computers: the first solution is Patch existing ones with Linuxthe second, Sell ​​your own computers with Harmonyos. The dream, getting closer. Huawei has made restrictions the greatest opportunity for growth in its history. An approach towards A device with 100% national components, A universal software ecosystem (mobile, tablet, pc, car, wearables) and, most importantly, The only possible and alternative rival to Android out of Apple and his proposal with iOS. Huawei is drawing an alternative scenario in which every Chinese manufacturer who wants to disconnect from the United States can have Harmonyos alternative. It is something that begins to be seen in industries such as that of automotive: manufacturers like Toyota are so far back in software that The only possible solution is to bet on alternatives such as Huawei or Xiaomi. For the moment, Xiaomi, Vivo, Oppo and even honor continue to see in Europe one of its main sales pillars. But China prepares to lead the technological worldand Harmonyos will play a fundamental role in their conquest. Image | Xataka In Xataka | Harmonyos shoots in China and already surpasses iOS. The following objective is global

After 15 years with BMW and Japanese motorcycles, I am clear that the next one will be China

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I have been driving motorcycles for more than 15 years and I have seen in the first person how the market has progressed. Being a weekend hobby, I usually change a lot of model, and I have gone through practically all renowned brands: Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, BMW, Triumph … I know how to reliable are the Japanese, how expensive it is to maintain a BWM or a TRIUMPh in the official house and also know that Chinese are eating the market. Look at the Chinese market Years ago is looking at a photograph that has little to do with the one now. The introduction in Europe of the latest models of giants such as Voge and Zontes has completely shaken the sales rankings in Spain. And if I am clear about something, sooner or later, I will end a Chinese motorcycle. I’m not alone. Sales data in Spain say everything about the success of Chinese manufacturers: Two of the five best -selling brands in our country are Chinese. Specifically, Voge and Zontes are having simply brutal growth, while European struggle to grow marginally. It is not for less. Both brands are betting on a network of their own dealers (something that can not even afford minority brands, forced to distribute through multi-brands), guarantee above what their rivals and spectacular quality-quality offer. There are Chinese, and there are Chinese. Talking about “Chinese motorcycles” is a little precise generality. Not all point to the same segment, buyer and market. The cases of Voge, Zontes, Benelli or CF Moto are similar: they want to keep the European market, and their product is designed to conquer its consumer. This has led to Premiumization of some Chinese motorcycles, such as VOGE 900 DSX that shares a good part of technology with the BMW F 900 GS. In fact, the motorcycle is born as an agreement between the two brands. And that 900cc engine manufactured by Lancin is no exception, it is the result of an agreement with more than 20 years of history. The price. Chinese motorcycles are mainly conquering for its price. The price of European, Japanese and Italian motorcycles has shot in recent years. A well equipped trail can go to about 20,000 euros, and for 10,000 euros it is difficult to find (buying new). Even segments such as the half -displacement are quite fired: a Honda NX500 (Antigua CB 500 x) costs more than 7,000 euros new. For 500 euros less, Voge offers the 625x with more displacement, more power (there is version A2 if this worries you) and full set of suitcases and top case for 998 euros. They give the insurance, the motorcycle comes with the shell, grill for Top Case, a five -year guarantee to 75,000km, directional flashing, adjustable windshield, HD front camera … it is not since it comes more equipped than the rest of its rivals, it is that there are accessories to which their rivals cannot even access. The guarantee. The first question that may arise when you get a Chinese motorcycle is what happens to the guarantee. Most manufacturers are offering five years (above the three years that the European guarantee marks), with national distribution for replacement pieces. There may be specific pieces that are asked for factory, as in any motorcycle, and there the distribution deadlines will depend on the manufacturer’s agility. The key is that, with a strong commitment to own concessionaires and distribution in Spain, the friction that the use of the guarantee can be minimized. The Peros. The main peros with Chinese motorcycles, at least today, are intangible. Let’s be clear: the main barrier of entry is the prejudice that the motorcycle is China. The motorcycle world is somewhat different from that of the car: it is reigned by Japanese motorcycles that have been building their image decades and demonstrating their reliability. The Chinese motorcycle needs time to prove that it is reliable and that, in case of breakdown, the brand responds quickly. It is something that the Internet will help. It is not too hard to find for Chinese motorcycle forums With about 100,000km (considerable figure for a motorcycle) and without needing more than basic maintenance and spare parts. The fate of the motorcycle industry passes through China and, sooner or later, will be sales leaders in Spain. Image | VOGE In Xataka | 20 years ago, BMW allied with a Chinese giant to make motorcycles. Now, that giant has eaten the toast completely

China is the great candy of pharmaceutical thinning. And there is a wild race for selling the new ozempic

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Few would have guessed not so long that a pharmacist focused on the insulin segment would become a company with A higher value than Tesla. Novo Nordisk became the most valuable quoted company in Europe Thanks to the fashion product: Ozempic. This diabetes treatment spun by becoming the Miracle of weight loss that many needed, Despite its side effects. But there are situations that do not last forever and China is about to seize Ozempic tooth in a market with a lot of potential. And they have about twenty biosimilar copies calling the door. Challenging the reign. In recent days we have seen that something strange has happened with Ozempic. By mistake or for a failure in the calculations, Novo Nordisk carries years without paying protection rates of the Ozempic patent in Canada. It is a quota that serves to protect the compound on which the popular Ozempic and Wegovy drugs, the same pharmaceutical drugs. It is something that is allowing local companies to be Finally generic medications based on the peptide similar to LPG-1. It is about the hormone that “mimics” the semagglutide that allows this antidiabetic and thinning effect. The Chinese market rubs your hands. In China, something similar happens. The patents have a life time that allow those who have registered them with that competitive advantage, but after the established period, the ban opens. While in Europe and Japan this patent will expire in 2031, and in 2032 in the United States, the protection of the patent in China It will expire Next year, as we read in South China Morning Post. Lek Consulting is a consultant based in Boston and comments that “China is home to populations with the highest number of diabetic and overweight people, and has become a key battlefield for both global pharmaceutical giants and for local actors.” Montones competitors. According to the SCMP report, in China there are at least 20 biosimilar copies that will compete for this market share, which will generate absolute pressure in the prices of the semaglutida. “The panorama in China is expected to become even more competitive than in the developed markets, where the category of GLP-1 medicines is dominated by large multinational pharmaceuticals,” commented Helen Chen, global co -director of Medical Care and Life Sciences of Le.K. Currently, Novo Nordisk opera In China both with Ozempic and Wegovy, but Eli Lilly also operates in the Chinese market, the American company with a response to the drug that could enter the country thanks to the premises Innovent Biologics. In the summer last year, They announced An expansion plan of more than 200 million euros to expand a plant in Suzhou with which to meet demand in the Asian giant. But, in addition, there are several dozens of drugs that are in advanced phases of clinical trials in China and, as they comment from Le.K., some have potential to compete directly with Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly products. A very fat cake. That there are so many interested parties is the most normal. China, by overwhelming population numbersit is a huge market for any product, but in this field, we are talking about the second largest pharmaceutical market in the world, with almost 150 million adults with diabetes. It is more than any other country and, according to the International Diabetes Federation, the estimate is that the figure increases to 168 by 2050. But also, in 2021 The Lancet Medical Magazine estimated that 402 million people over 25 years in continental China had obesity. By contextualizing, it is a figure that represents 38% of the population and that reflects the country’s life progress. In 1990, the figure was 15.8% and wait that reaches 61% in 2050. New generation. Grand View Research is an American consultant who wait That the GLP-1-based medication market triples its sales in China by 2030, from 1,430 million dollars last year to 4.7 billion. But of course, there are more competitors for Ozempic does not imply that Novo Nordisk is cross -arms. A few months ago, the Danish company announced that the results for Your new medicine, called CagrisemaThey were promising. In the essays, its new combination of Semaglutida and Cagrilintida It has shown a striking potential, with a medium weight loss of 15.7% in 68 weeks compared to 3.1% of the group that received placebo. In addition, they reached a development and manufacturing agreement of another compound known as UBT251 with a Chinese laboratory, United Biotechnology, which will be responsible for commercialization in China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Everything based on miracles? It is evident that Novo Nordisk does not want to lose the train of the new generations of drugs that have exploited in popularity thanks to their status as miraculous compounds for weight loss. But not everything is needles, since Eli Lilly is already Testing pills with the same effects as the ‘Ozempicazo‘And more natural alternatives are being explored, such as diet, in the search for a “Natural Ozempic” Although, beyond the miracle, the closest thing to that “natural ozempic” is a balanced diet, exercise and good rest. The Holy Trinity of Healthy Lifeultimately. Images | Javier Quiroga, HAVEREDAS In Xataka | The Danish city paradox where the “formula” of Ozempic is manufactured. It is the epicenter of childhood obesity of the nation

NASA set out to send a woman to the moon before China does. It is getting more and more

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While the possibilities for NASA to step on the moon again in 2027 fades, China advances with a firm and methodical step without changing its goal: sending astronauts to the lunar surface in 2030. Any of the two countries could end putting the first woman on the moonthe symbolic objective that the United States had marked with Artemis III. Another blow to Artemis. NASA depends on Spacex to achieve the first moaning manned since 1972. In the Artemis III mission, scheduled for mid -2027, two astronauts descend to the lunar surface in a starship ship adapted to land and take off on the moon. But Spacex has delay. He could not Demonstrate fuel transfer in orbit With a cistern starship, much less a loan without crew. With the catastrophic explosion of the starship 36 During a motor test, the program trial zone will have to be repaired. It is the fourth consecutive failure for the Spacex ship-cohete, which will undoubtedly add new delays to its commitments to NASA. Move the goal. The rumors of which Artemis III It could be reconfigured as a mission without alunsing They return to the fore. I would leave NASA with less maneuvering margin to arrive before China does it for the first time. Maybe that’s why the narrative has changed under the new administration: now the political objective is to plant a flag on Mars before China does. With the excuse of eliminating the diversity programs of federal agencies, the references to send to the first woman and the first man of color to the moon They have been erased of the NASA website. China follows its roll. For its part, the Crewing Space Agency of China (CMSA) has completed this week a crucial test of the ship that will take its astronauts to the moon. The early morning of June 17, in the Gobi desert, the Mengzhou ship’s escape system furiously turned on its solid fuel engines. The ship without crew was propelled at full speed from the platform, as it would do if there was an emergency with the rocket. At 20 seconds, He separated from the escape system and opened his parachute To perch again on land. It was a perfect abortion test. China did not perform a since 1998, with its current Shenzhou ship, which routinely carries astronauts to the Chinese space station. The second country on the moon. China wants to become the second country to step on the moon, before one of NASA’s partners in the Artemis missions, such as Jaxa or ESA. The calendar is clear And it has remained so far: in 2027, China will first launch the new heavy rocket CZ-10. In 2028, he will make a manned mission around the Moon (in this case, as a third country to do so, because Canada has a seat on the Artemis II mission). The first moonwill is scheduled by the end of 2030. The Mengzhou ship It will take three Chinese astronauts to the lunar orbitwhile the Lanyue ship, designed to be coupled with Mengzhou in orbit, will descend to the surface in the role of Alunizer. The firm steps of CMSA towards this objective reinforce the image of a robust program, well financed and with an immovable political objective, which increasingly contrasts with NASA Artemis. Image | CMSA, Xinhua In Xataka | After three failures, Spacex needed the new Starship to work out well. I was waiting for the worst explosion of all

The US is willing to do anything for advanced chips not to reach China. And Malaysia is an obstacle

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Malaysia is in the spotlight of the US. The administration led by Donald Trump has suspected for many months that Chinese companies and research centers dedicated to artificial intelligence (AI) acquire the most advanced NVIDIA GPUs through Singapore and Malaysian intermediary companies. In fact, this possibility It is no longer just a hypothesis. And it is that the Singapore government has confirmed that it has identified those responsible for diverting to China, and presumably towards the parent company of Deepseekservers that contain the high performance GPUs produced by NVIDIA. This information was revealed at the end of last February by the Channel News Asia television channel, and shortly after the Minister of Internal Affairs and Justice of Singapore, K. Shanmugam, He confirmed it. Interestingly, it did not realize what the GPUs that incorporate these machines are, but made public a very important fact: the name of the companies that manufactured the servers. And they are Two US clients from Nvidia Very important: Dell Technologies and Super Micro Computer. For Malaysia, the eeuu is not an option Malaysia is a global power in packaging and verification of integrated avant -garde circuits. In August 2023 we had the opportunity to check it first hand because Intel invited us to Visit the chips factories that has in this country of Southeast Asia. These plants reside in Penang and Kulim, two exotic and beautiful cities located north of Kuala Lumpur, and are specialized in the processing of silicon wafers that come from Intel factories in Israel and Ireland. Malaysia is a very attractive country not only for Intel and other manufacturers of American semiconductors; It is also for Chinese and Taiwan chips companies. Its appeal lies in four fundamental pillars: has a stable supply chainnotable technological development, makes available to these very qualified personal companies and their production costs are moderate. For integrated circuit manufacturers, a country with these characteristics is a safe bet. Many Chinese manufacturers are diverting the packaging of their chips to Malaysia to protect themselves from the tension between the US and China Intel has been present in Malaysia since 1972, and during the more than five decades that have since elapsed its infrastructure in this Asian country has not stopped growing. His model has worked so well that other large companies in the semiconductor industry have adopted it. One of them is the Chinese giant Huatian Technology, and many other Chinese manufacturers of integrated circuits are diverting the packaging of their chips to Malaysia to protect themselves from the uncertainty that has triggered the tension between the US and China. The chips industry is one of the engines of the Malaysian economy, and, as we have just seen, the US is an essential actor for this country. For this reason, Malaysia’s government is interested in doing everything in his hand to Do not get into the US administration. The presumable participation of some of its companies in the export of avant -garde chips to China places it in a delicate position that, for more inri, has just complicated even more. And it is that a company from China is suspicious of training AI models in Malaysia infrastructure and using Nvidia hardware. According to Reuters The Ministry of Investments, Commerce and Industry of Malaysia is investigating whether this or any other company housed in its territory has violated some local law. Interestingly, this institution is analyzing a report that argues that Four Chinese citizens They traveled from Beijing to Kuala Lumpur, each transporting several hard drives with dozens of calculus leaves and images, with the purpose of training an AI model into 300 servers with Nvidia chips. Malaysia is not subject to sanctions or restrictions by the US government, and it is evident that this Asian country is interested in its relationship with the Trump administration be as cordial as possible. What is not clear is that he gets unscathed from his involuntary mediation between China and the US. More information | Reuters In Xataka | We can forget an AI without hallucinations for now. The general director of Nvidia explains why

China dominates the hardware market for cryptocurrency. Now you will do it from the US

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The US is a critical market for Chinese criptodiviss mining hardware manufacturers. In fact, it is The most important on the planet. And it is for several reasons. The most obvious is that the country led by Donald Trump brings together a good part of the operators that They are dedicated to cryptocurrency because it offers them the ideal conditions to carry out this activity. Many of them have been installed in Texas, North Dakota, Georgia and other states of this country because electricity in them has a very competitive price. In addition, some investment funds and American venture capital companies finance operators that are dedicated to mining. In fact, its support has acquired such size that companies such as Riot Platforms or Digital Marathon, which buy a large amount of hardware for mine, traded in the stock market. And we cannot ignore that in 2021 the Chinese government prohibited mining and transactions With cryptocurrencies, which forced Chinese operators to move to a country that offered them more favorable conditions. Tariffs are restructuring the mining hardware market The prohibition of the Chinese mining government and transactions with cryptocurrency in mid -2021 triggered an exodus of the operators. Many of them moved to the US, but this does not mean that no one is undermining in China. In fact, this last country still represents approximately 20% of Hashrate Bitcoin Global, so it only exceeds the US. What happens is that currently in China this activity is carried out in a clandestine way. Chinese companies Bitmain, Canaan and Microbt produce more than 90% of the mining equipment sold on the planet An important note before moving forward: the Hashrate or the rate of hash It measures the calculation power used to undermine cryptocurrencies. The higher this value, the greater the calculation capacity of a system or an infrastructure. Whatever it is important that we keep in mind that China is not only the place of origin of many operators that are dedicated to cryptodivine mining; A good part of the companies that are dedicated to the manufacture of mining hardware are Chinese. In fact, The three that sell the most come from China. Bitmain, Canaan and Microbt produce more than 90% of mining equipment sold on the planet. And all three are making new facilities in the US with one purpose: dodge tariffs that the government led by Donald Trump has deployed so as not to lose competitiveness in the US market. These are the three most relevant Chinese companies, but, According to Reutersmany more companies from this Asian country are being installed in the US with the aim of continuing to compete with guarantees in this market. However, this does not mean that Chinese hardware manufacturers for mining are abandoning China. They are not doing it. Its plan is to supply the US market thanks to its factories installed in the US and compete in the other markets on the planet with the production of its plants in China. “Although more than 30% of Bitcoin’s global mining occurs in North America, More than 90% of the hardware comes from Chinawhich represents a great imbalance between demand and supply “, SANJAY GUPTA holdsStrategy Director of the American Hardware manufacturer for Auradine Mining. This is the heart of this matter. All probability this imbalance will be corrected, but mining hardware will continue to be mostly in the hands of Chinese companies. Although they reside in the US. Image | David McBee More information | Reuters In Xataka | Bitcoin was supposed to save us from decentralization. A third is already in the hands of a few great actors

23 years ago China gave the US a lesson. Thanks to it today dominates the battery industry overwhelmingly

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The German-American physicist John Bannister Goodenough patented the technology that allowed to manufacture Iron and lithium phosphate batteries (known as LFP for its English denomination) in 1997. In 2019, when he was no less than 97 years, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution for his contribution to the development of lithium ion batteries. However, Goodenough made a mistake. An important mistake: he failed to transfer his innovation to the American industry, so its impact on the West was minimal. Wang Chuanfu, the founder of the Chinese company Byd, did not make that mistake. In 2002 he perceived the potential of the technology that Goodenaugh had invented, so he asked his research and development team (R&D) to investigate the technology and capabilities of LFP batteries with the purpose of minimizing the dependence that China of the nickel and cobalt had. That decision I guide Byd towards the leadership position Shared with Catl currently occupied in the battery production industry. In fact, in 2008 he placed in the market The first car in the world Equipped with an LFP battery. China manufactures 57% of the batteries used by electric cars China is currently The largest electric vehicle market of the world. In 2025 in this country more electric cars will be sold for the first time than with combustion engine thanks to some extent to government subsidies. In addition, China is the largest electric car exporter on the planet. In 2023 he exported approximately 1.7 million electric vehicleswhich represents more than 30% of its total car exports. However, its international expansion is being seriously conditioned by the tariffs that are imposing USA or the European Union, among other regions with very serious difficulties to compete with the Chinese electric car. Finally, as we have seen, China is also a world leader in The production of lithium batteries. If we stick to electric cars the country led by Xi Jinping Fabrica 57% of batteries that these vehicles use. CATL and ByD are the largest lithium batteries on the planet with a market share in 2024 of 37.9% and 17.2% respectively, according to the consultant Sne Research. In 2017 for the first time the market share of NCM batteries surpassed that of LFP in electric cars China has reached this leadership position due to several factors. On the one hand it is The largest producer in the world of lithium and rare earths, which are the main raw materials used in the manufacture of batteries. In addition, it controls the processing of these materials and is capable of producing large -scale batteries and with a very competitive price. However, in this recipe there is one more ingredient that we cannot overlook: byd and Catl lead the global battery industry thanks to their capacity for innovation and adaptation. In 2017, Chinese government subsidies prioritized the development of Nickel batteries with greater energy density, so much of Chinese battery manufacturers opted for NCM technology. These lithium -ion batteries use a nickel (ni), cobalt (co) and manganese (mn) cathode, hence their name. And byd lagged. In fact, in 2017 for the first time the market share of NCM batteries surpassed that of LFP in electric cars. And in 2019 the NCM batteries already dominated the market. But Byd did not give up. Wang Chuanfu was convinced that the really important security was, and, therefore, the thermal stability of the batteries, so it launched a new R&D project that concluded with The tuning of Blade batteries. These devices are thinner, have modular structure and can be easily integrated into the chassis of electric cars. This bet went well to Byd. At the end of 2020 this company and catl They controlled 66% of the Chinese market of the LFP batteries for electric cars against 6% that added in 2019. This is the authentic strength of the two Chinese companies that lead the world battery industry. Image | Byd More information | Volt Rush In Xataka | Historic record for China: its chips industry has produced in 2024 more than ever despite the sanctions

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