china

The United States and China seem to compete in ia. The reality is that they play completely different sports

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Everyone talks about the “career of AI” between China and the United States as if it were a competition where one will win and another will lose. But in reality there is no career because everyone is playing a different sport. The United States invested 100,000 million dollars in AI in the first half of 2025, pursuing AGI as a technological religion. His philosophy is clear: spending billions today to control the future tomorrow. Giant proprietary models, infinite parameters, the search for the Holy Grail of the AGI. China, meanwhile, has not allocated amounts equivalent to its technological sector. Its approach is as pragmatic as Chinese culture itself: to capture market now, monetize in applications later. This divergence does not arise from abstract philosophies, but three concrete structural forces: Chips scarcity. The OCTOBER US SANCTIONS 2022 They cut Chinese access to the most powerful NVIDIA chips. The paradoxical result: China was forced to innovate in efficiency. Deepseek He managed to match the performance of GPT-4 spending eighteen times less money. Technological restriction forced an economic advantage that the United States, with all its hardware, cannot easily replicate. Capital scarcity. The Chinese risk capital collapsed after the regulations of 2022. Chinese the startups collect funds only after demonstrating product working and real metric uses. In this context, opening the source code becomes the smartest strategy: free marketing, viral adoption and developer ecosystem without acquisition cost. BAICHUAN AI AND ZHIPU AI They achieved financing from Alibaba and Tencent precisely after publishing their open models and demonstrating traction. The concentration of applications. The average Chinese user uses less than ten apps per month, almost all channeled through Wechat or Alipay. The American is around thirty. This structural difference completely changes the penetration strategy. In China, who conquered those few points of mass distribution conquers the entire market. In the United States, you have to fight in dozens of different fronts. That is why it makes sense that Chinese companies open their models: they need adoption speed in those bottlenecks, do not own defenses. The most revealing case is how Wechat chose Deepseek Above Yuanbao, Tencent’s own. The decision exemplifies well Chinese pragmatic mentality: the functional product triumphs over corporatism. Yuanbao was his own, but Deepseek was better. Wechat needed quality already, not in two years. Twenty Chinese car manufacturers and more than one hundred hospitals have made similar decisions, integrating Deepseek into their systems. Each integration expands the ecosystem and increases change costs. Behind the Chinese strategy there is also an emotional component that should not be underestimated. After decades being labeled Copycats, Opening the source code has become a way of demonstrating real innovative capacity. Publishing the weights of a model is equivalent to saying: “Here is our work, examine it, improve it if they can.” It is national pride turned into business strategy. The United States continues to build the most powerful AI in the Universe. China is already selling functional to half the planet. Sam Altman talks about the AGI As a civilizational destination, Chinese executives apply the proverb “interests cannot be eaten” and seek immediate monetization. Both can win their respective sports, but it would be absurd to ask who is winning the World Cup when one plays football and the other to basketball. The interesting question It is not who will win the race, but what will happen when in five years One has built the perfect AGI and the other controls the AI infrastructure that uses half the planet. In Xataka | The Chinese government does not trust Nvidia: its survival in China right now hangs from a thread Outstanding image | Xataka

China is matching the West in a lot of technologies, but has already overcome something more crucial: research

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Two years ago, in spring 2023, Springer Nature Editorial announced an expected Sorpasso. China had surpassed the United States in the Nature Indexan index created to measure the contribution to the scientific production of countries and institutions. It has been time for that and everything indicates that Chinese science, far from loosening the passage, has increased its distance from its main competitor. Solo leader. The last review of Nature Index Research Leadersthe “classification” based on the index prepared by the editorial responsible for the magazine Natureis A new test of the consolidation of Chinese institutions as a key piece in the global scientific research model. According to those responsible for the index, China achieved in 2024 an index of 32,122, a 17% increase Regarding the previous year, consolidating a first position that he achieved two years ago. From the company that elaborates the index it is also highlighted that the Asian country has eight institutions among the 10 most outstanding worldwide. Evaluating global science. After China and the United States, two European countries occupy the Third and fourth positionrespectively, Germany and the United Kingdom. Asian countries are also consolidated in the national “top 10”, with four countries represented (in addition to China, Japan, South Korea and India), matching the four Europeans in these head positions. The Chinese Academicia opens the List of institutions most outstanding scientists, followed by Harvard University and by the University of Science and Technology of China. The first Spanish institution that we can find in this ranking It is the Higher Council for Scientific Research, the CSIC. Nature Index. But what exactly is this index? He Nature Index It is an index Based on the contributions of scientists attached to various research institutions (whether public, private or companies). These contributions are measured through articles published in a sample of various high -impact scientific journals. Beyond Covid. In 2023 We pointed out That the leadership of Chinese science owed the work done by Chinese institutions in the fight against COVID, for example in the identification and sequencing of the virus some of its variants. However, we also pointed out that this advance also responded to a trend that had already been occurring since before the pandemic. After five years of the pandemic, the data seems to confirm the weight of this ascending trend beyond the situation of the pandemic. An ascent that is exclusive to this Asian giant but is also shared by other countries of the continent, such as South Korea and India, which saw increase in several percentage points (4.1% and 2% respectively) its contribution. This promotion of fact allowed South Korea to overcome Canada, standing in seventh position in this global classification of countries with the highest contribution to science. Tenth place. And what about Spain? The index of Nature Place Spain In thirteenth place in the global, sixth classification among the countries of Europe. Spanish science would be between Italian and Dutch, exactly the same as two years ago. The index in Spanish institutions. We pointed out at the beginning that the CSIC led the Spanish contribution to world science. The contribution of this public institution occupies a leading first place since its index (218) bends to the index of the second institution in the ranking National, the University of Barcelona (86), which is in position 245 in the ranking global. The third position at the national level is held by Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST). In Xataka | European science becomes serious: Eurofusion and CERN will work together in nuclear fusion and new collider Image | Julia Koblitz

China increasingly dominates technology on earth. There is a place where they are still far from Occiden

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A recent report The New York Times He has evidenced the Chinese difficulty to compete with Spacex in the deployment of communications satellites. While Musk’s company already accumulates 8,000 Starlink satellitesthe two main Chinese networks just add 120 units in orbit. Why is it important. Low orbit satellites are strategic for autonomous cars, war with drones and military surveillance. China considers Starlink a direct threat and has planned two megaconstellations with 27,000 satellites between them. Qianfan, the constellation of low orbit satellites developed by China, anticipated having 650 operating satellites at the end of the year. Shanghai Spacesail Technologies, the company after the project, has only managed to put 90 in orbit since August. Guowang, an alternative born in 2020, is even worse: 34 satellites of the 13,000 planned for the next decade. The context. The Popular Chinese Liberation Army See Starlink as something “deeply integrated into the US military combat system”. It is not empty paranoia: this network is essential to coordinate drones in Ukraine and Spacex has government contracts for spying and missile monitoring. The background. China has not solved the key problem that Spacex solved years ago: reusable rockets. Chinese companies continue to wear single -use pitchers, which multiplies costs and reduces the frequency of launches. The Falcon 9 can reuse its first stage up to 20 times, greatly reducing the costs. After five hundred missionsit is still the reference. Chinese candidates –Long March 8R, Zhuque-3, Tianlong-3– accumulate failures and delays. Yes, but. China is negotiating Contracts with 30 countries to access Qianfan. He has already signed agreements in Brazil, Thailand, Malaysia and Kazakhstan, taking advantage of certain misgivings towards American technology dependence. The rhythm of Chinese launches accelerates: more than thirty missions in the first half, putting 150 satellites in orbit. But they need to multiply by five or six the rhythm to fulfill their international radio frequency commitments. In addition, there are some counterparts to your proposal: The decisive moment. Chinese megaconstellations must launch half of their satellites in five years after obtaining the frequencies, completing the deployment in seven. Not fulfilling could force them to reduce the size of the networks. Main loser? China dominates manufacturing, batteries, solar panels and traditional (non -advanced) semiconductors. But in sectors that require maximum risk assumption – Biotechnology, the space – the United States maintains a decisive advantage. Getting smaller in some scenarios, but maintains it. The business mentality that rewards rapid and cheap failures against guaranteed successes makes the difference between Spacex and its Chinese rivals. Outstanding image | Spacex In Xataka | What types of satellites exist: guide not to get lost in a gigantic network of which we are increasingly dependent

The commercial war between China and the US also goes from airplanes. The c919 comac already threatens the future of Boeing and Airbus

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The aeronautical sector has become another battlefield of commercial tension between Washington and Beijing. The C919the first narrow fuselage commercial plane developed completely in China, He is winning traction In Southeast Asia while Boeing and Airbus fight against delays in their deliveries. An opportunity born from despair. Malaysia has confirmed that Airsia and Air Borneo are valuing C919 as an alternative to Western manufacturers. It is no accident: the waiting lists to receive Boeing and Airbus airplanes extend years, and the airlines They desperately seek to diversify their suppliers. Malay Transport Minister Anthony Loke summarized it thus: “All airlines look for faster deliveries and cheaper options. COMAC is one of the manufacturers they are considering.” The Chinese pride Achilles heel. Despite its ambition, the C919 drags a critical dependence on US components that could be lethal. LEAP-1C engines (Manufactured by the Joint Venture between GE and Safran), Honeywell’s navigation systems, the rockwell collins meteorological radar and multiple critical components come from the United States. Tariffs and prohibitions. The Tariff climb It has raised the cost of the US components until they make them almost unfeasible. Just a couple of months ago, China applied tariffs up to 145% in response to tariffs applied by Trump, shortly before The 90 -day truce that both countries occurred. At the same time, Beijing has prohibited its airlines from acquiring US suppliers equipment, although this restriction does not yet affect manufacturers as Comac. The race against time towards autonomy. China has not been still in this critical situation. And it develops the engine CJ-1000A through AECC as the National Substitute for Western LEAP-1C. The evidence has been advanced since 2018, although the commercial certification will not arrive before 2030, and in the worst scenario it would be delayed until 2035. Meanwhile, the Chinese domestic market offers an extraordinary mattress: Boeing estimates that China will need 8,600 new airplanes commercials in the next two decades. And now what. The United States has recently reactivated licenses to sell engines to C919, but this movement can also mean China’s reinforcement to achieve technological autonomy in the sector. The European C919 certification could arrive between 2028 and 2031which would open the doors to the global market. If China manages to combine a competitive plane with aggressive prices and fast deliveries, the historical Boeing-Airbus duopoly could have its days counted. Cover image | Comac In Xataka | In his crusade to manufacture the iPhone at home, the US has achieved something historical: that most of its smartphones come from India

His survival in China right now hangs from a thread

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This time the joy has lasted little to Nvidia. Finally, like We explain to you on July 15the company directed by Jensen Huang has made the Department of Commerce review its regulation and allows you to sell The GPU H20 for artificial intelligence (AI) in China. “The US government has assured us that licenses will be granted. We hope to start deliveries soon,” Nvidia said In a statement. The H20 chip is very important for Nvidia because it has opened the doors of the Chinese market again. The reception that Chinese companies initially gave to this GPU was very good despite the fact that the capacities of this chip are clearly lower than those of the other proposals for this company. In fact, the US Department of Commerce allowed its sale in China because this integrated circuit fulfilled the restrictions that had imposed. And despite its limitations its sales in China 50% quarter to quarter grew Since he arrived in this market in mid -2024. The administration of the cyberspace of China is investigating Nvidia Surprisingly this scenario He has put Nvidia in Añuro. And, once again, the reception of the H20 GPU in China is being so good that this American company has run out of units. According to ReutersNvidia has commissioned TSMC for the manufacture of no less than 300,000 units of this chip to be able to respond to the current demand from China. Blessed problem. However, the company’s engineers have been working on A new GPU with Blackwell microarchitecture The latest generation that is intended to occupy in China the place of the H20 chip. Cyberspace administration is the main Internet regulatory body in China Anyway, everything is not going well for Nvidia. And it is that the administration of the cyberspace of China, usually known as CAC for its denomination in English (Cyberspace Administration of China), he has decided Thoroughly investigate the H20 GPU. This institution is the main Internet regulatory body in China. It is mainly responsible for the censorship and control of the contents published in the Network, the supervision of technology companies and compliance with the Data Security Law and the Personal Information Protection Law. However, this is not at all the first time that the CAC makes noise in the West. And is that on March 31, 2023 launched an investigation as its purpose audit Micron Technologythe largest American memory chips. On this occasion, the CAC has decided to investigate Nvidia because it suspects that the H20 Chip could incorporate a back door of difficult location by Chinese experts. If so, the possibility of China to use this GPU could be possible. At the moment the CAC has limited himself to questioning those responsible for Nvidia in China and ask them to demonstrate that the H20 chip It does not represent a threat to interest and security from the country led by Xi Jinping. At the moment we do not have much more information, but presumably Nvidia will do everything in your hands to guarantee your survival in the Chinese market. After all, during the last fiscal year, which expired on January 26, 2025, China represented approximately 13% of total income of the company led by Jensen Huang with a figure of about 17,000 million dollars. Image | Nvidia More information | Nikkei Asia | SCMP In Xataka | The US gives Huawei a great opportunity: to get its new chip for AI with the Nvidia market in China

The US has realized how risky it is to continue pressing China. His reverse looks for a “face to face”

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The US is softening its export restrictions to China. In early July, the administration led by Donald Trump allowed Nvidia to sell Your H20 GPU To its Chinese clients. At the time This movement surprised us because it clearly indicated that an obvious change was consolidating in the US strategy in front of the nation governed by Xi Jinping. According to the newspaper Financial Times This relaxation of export restrictions to China seeks to “avoid damaging trade negotiations with Beijing.” And it is presumably this week US and China will resume their negotiation to establish the rules that will resolve their future commercial interests. As expected, this rudder of the US administration favors the interests of Nvidia, AMD, Broadcom and other companies, but not all members of the Trump administration support this initiative. According to Financial Timessome White House advisors are pressing the government to maintain their blockade to China. Nvidia needs TSMC to manufacture 300,000 H20 chips for China Donald Trump wants to meet “face to face” with Xi Jinping before he ends this year, again according to the information he has Financial Times. The intention of the US president is to file roughness with his Chinese counterpart with the purpose of promoting negotiation in commercial matters that both countries have maintained for many months. Just a few hours ago they have gathered in Stockholm (Sweden) Scott Besent, the US Treasury Secretary, and He Lifeng, the Vice Prime Minister of China, so it is evident that the negotiation follows its course. After many months of uncertainty the current scenario clearly benefits Nvidia. The company directed by Jensen Huang saw its survival in China threatened by The sanctions approved by the Department of Commerce from the US, but This volantazo changes everything. And its protagonist is the chip for artificial intelligence (AI) H20. The reception that Chinese clients of Nvidia initially gave to this GPU was very good despite the fact that the capabilities of this chip are clearly inferior to those of the other proposals for this company. After many months of uncertainty the current scenario clearly benefits Nvidia In fact, initially the Department of Commerce allowed its sale in China because this integrated circuit met the restrictions it had imposed. And despite its limitations its sales in China grew by 50% quarter to quarter since it reached this market in mid -2024. Everything was complicated for Nvidia in the middle of last April. And is that the US Department of Commerce imposed new restrictions To the export to China of the H20 GPU, which in practice caused this chip to stop reaching the Chinese clients of this company. This news sank Nvidia’s actions by 6% because it could no longer address the commitments linked to the H20 GPU it had acquired. Among the Chinese customers who had bought it Large amounts of this GPUand presumably planned to continue doing it, were Tencent, Alibaba or Bytedance. Finally Nvidia has achieved That the Department of Commerce review its regulation and allow you to sell the H20 GPU in China again. Surprisingly this scenario has put Nvidia in trouble. And, once again, the reception of the H20 GPU in China is being so good that this American company has run out of units. According to ReutersNvidia has commissioned TSMC for the manufacture of no less than 300,000 units of this chip to be able to respond to the current demand from China. Blessed problem. However, the company’s engineers have been working on A new GPU with Blackwell microarchitecture The latest generation that is intended to occupy in China the place of the H20 chip. In fact, presumably TSMC began in June the production of The B30 GPUwhich is how it seems to be called. What we know at the moment is that this chip for AI will be less capable than the H20 GPU, as is logical, and also that its price will move Between 6,500 and $ 8,000. For domestic users it is a lot of money, but in the field of professional GPUs for AI it is a moderate price. In fact, the H20 GPU costs between $ 10,000 and $ 12,000. Image | Gage Skidmore | Wikipedia More information | Financial Times | Reuters In Xataka | The US gives Huawei a great opportunity: to get its new chip for AI with the Nvidia market in China

China is building the largest telescope in the world. The question is why he is doing it in secret

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In the select club of first level astronomical observatories, all projects They are advertised to hype and saucer decades in advance. China instead is building a gigantic telescope of 14 and a half meters on the Tibetan plateau without having officially announced it. US suspicions. An article of Wall Street Journal He has raised the hare. A telescope of that size would not only rival the most powerful observatories in the West, but, if it was terminated in time, it would temporarily become the largest terrestrial optical telescope in the world. The question that, according to the Journal, resonates in Harvard’s halls and NASA is not whether they are building it, but why they do it stealthily. The clues that arrive from China. Robert Kirshner, Emerrito Professor of Harvard and leader of the thirty -meter telescope, The American project that Spain now wantsit has been one of the main detectives in this plot. The clues, although discreet, are overwhelming: In January, the state company Nanjing Astronomical Instruments published on social networks that it had gained a tender of 22 million dollars to build the dome of a telescope with a mirror of 14.5 meters In April, some students who visited a scientific institute mentioned in another publication that the researchers had shown them the configuration of the mirrors for a telescope of that same size An outstanding Chinese astronomer declared state media that one of its objectives was to finish “the 14.5 meter telescope” before its retirement Beijing has adopted a low profile. The anomalous thing about this case is that Chinese institutions also do not celebrate their technological sovereignty with the usual triumphalism in this type of project. China, which does not hesitate to celebrate other space milestones, here has opted for a low profile. A clear trace of tenders. Technical documents are scattered, but paint a clear image of an advanced development project. The main test is the tender of its most visible component: the dome. A public announcement of the Chinese Academy of Sciences He was looking for offers for the “Project to Acquisition of the Dome of the Optical/Infrared Telescope of 14.5 m”, with a deadline set for November 2024. On the other hand, a memorandum of China National Astronomical Observatory It justifies the purchase of infrared detectors, describing the project as “a great astronomical telescope to achieve the top of science and technology.” In parallel, published job offers For “the general purpose of the general major caliber in construction in our country.” I even looked for personnel for the system engineering file managementan unequivocal sign that the design phase had given way to the construction. Why not announce it then? Matt Mountain, president of the Aura organization, which manages the Observatorios Hubble and James Webb for NASA, raises two hypotheses. The first is military: A telescope capable of obtaining crisp images of a galaxy to millions of light years can also observe with an unprecedented resolution The spy satellites of other nations in space. The domain of heaven is not only scientific, but also strategic, as We have been seeing in the Earth’s orbit For years. The second hypothesis is a long -term play for technological leadership. Mountain describes it brilliantly: “Astronomy is the entrance drug for science, technology, engineering and mathematics.” Investing in inspiring projects such as a giant telescope is the best way to encourage a whole generation of young people to study Stem races, ensuring that China can overcome the United States in the coming decades. The biggest telescope for a while. To understand the magnitude of this project, you have to put it in context. The Hubble space telescope mirror measures 2.4 meters; The Webb, 6.5 meters. The four largest optical telescopes on Earth are around 10 meters in diameter. If China completes its 14.5 meter telescope soon, it would dwarf all existing observatories until the new generation They will see the light. Precisely these days the thirty -meter telescope (TMT) has been on everyone’s mouth (TMT) that the United States was going to build in Hawaii. After becoming one of the victims of Trump’s science cuts, the Government of Spain has offered 400 million euros To be built on the island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands. Although its final location is yet to be decided. Image | Universidad de Pekín In Xataka | For the first time we have pointed to heaven with a 3,200 megapixel camera. In just 10 hours he has done several years

While in the West we continue to discuss whether to use in class, China wants students to use it more and more

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In many Chinese university campuses, the use of artificial intelligence is no longer discussed: it is used. According to a mycos institute surveyonly 1 % of teachers and students claimed not to use generative tools. The remaining 99 % do and almost 60 % declare to use them frequently. It is a notable turn with respect to two years ago, when accessing Chatgpt It involved resorting to mirrors and VPN. Today the movement is the opposite: the centers drive their use. As Mit Technology Review points outthe transition has been fast, but planned. At the University of Zhejiang, an introductory subject of AI is mandatory for all students since 2024. Others such as Fudan, Renmin or Nanjing have opened transverse courses to any discipline, beyond computer science or engineering. Beijing marks the passage for AI The focus is in the use with criteria: internal guides, concrete examples, recommendations on what tasks can rely on generative models and which human judgment should prevail. Interaction with the machine is treated as one more skillcomparable to other technical literacy. McKinsey estimates that China will need 6 million professionals with AI domain for 2030 Several universities are developing their own courses focused on local alternatives to Chatgpt. Centers like Shenzhen and Zhejiang have launched teaching programs on Deepseeka model that seeks to position itself as a national reference in generative. Others are already forming their students in the use of Doubao, the chatbot developed by Baidu and one of the most widespread in academic environments. In April 2025, The Chinese Ministry of Education issued national guides for Primary and Secondary, aimed at promoting critical thinkingdigital fluidity and practical application in these academic stages. For its part, Beijing has already mandatory the teaching of AI in all centers of the city, from primary to high school. For the University, these general recommendations have resulted in plans of each institution and the creation of internal courses and regulations. Spain is already moving In Spain there are universities that have gone from the debate to action: new degrees focused on AI and tutors based on AI that accompany the study Without giving the answer made. All with an objective: to train professionals who work with ia without losing critical thinking. If we focus on the rest of the West, the use is massive, but the rules not so much. Let’s deepen a little. USA: Ohio University He has made mandatory The training in AI for all its first year students. In California, programs such as Chatgpt Edu are arriving at public universities to offer free access to generative models. Europe: the European Commission promotes the Digital Education Action Plan 2021–2027with ethical guides and teacher training. Universities such as Maastricht, Gothenburg or Edinburgh have approved their own frames. Networks like Yerun or the US work to harmonize criteria and share good practices. Decisions, for now, remain mostly decentralized: They depend on each institutionof each faculty … and, in many cases, even of each teacher. It is a flexible model, with advantages and disadvantages, compared to the most structured approach that China has adopted. Two different paths to address the same reality: AI has come to stay, and mastering these tools will be key. What is still being defined is how to teach them, when and under what criteria. Images | Xataka with Gemini 2.5 Flash | Igor Omilaev In Xataka | There are those who believe that the best AIs become more silly over time. It is no madness

1,800 years ago China had one of the most intriguing technologies. Now is the point of resuscitating the dragon that detects earthquakes

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Almost two thousand years ago, during the Han dynastythe Chinese scholar ZHANG HENG He designed a device that, according to historical chronicles, could detect distant earthquakes and even point out his address. That invention, called HouFeng Didong Yiit was a mechanical gadget that had the dragon as the main actor. Now China is about to resurrect what a legend was believed. A erased prodigy of time. We talk about a mechanical system (an ornate vessel surrounded by eight dragons with suspended bronze balls, oriented towards mouths of toads) that would have been able to register imperceptible earthquakes in Luoyang, the imperial capital, with a precision that “touched the divine”, according to THE BOOK OF THE Subsections. However, its sudden disappearance of historical records and the impossibility of replicating it exactly led to its total elimination of the Chinese educational curriculum in 2017, relegating it to the field of legend. Today, a team led by Professor Xu Guodongfrom the Hebei Disaster Prevention Institute, seeks to recover not only its operation, but also Your place in history of science. The rebirth of a prodigious machine. To the question: How the hell will they replicate it? The researchers They explain that from ancient literary fragments and principles of modern structural dynamics. Thus, Xu and his team have proposed a functional model of the earthquakescomposed of three key subsystems: structure of excitementtransmission and closure. In the heart of the device he was A “Capital Pilar” that should not be interpreted as an unstable column, but as a pendulum -like arm (a kind of gigantic stick anchored to the ground) that amplified the seismic vibrations. With just 1 mm of displacement at the base, the tip of the pendulum moved up to five times more, activating a “L” levers system that released a ball in the mouth of the toad corresponding to the direction of the epicenter. A blocking mechanism prevented other dragons from reacting, thus respecting the Original description of “a dragon who speaks and seven that shut up.” Mathematical Wisdom. Team simulations indicate that the system responded reliably to displacements just 0.5 mmwithout emitting false alarms. Although modern knowledge of propagation of seismic waves suggest that a single instrument cannot determine with total precision the direction of the epicenter, Xu argues that the Historical records coincide with optimal geological alignments. As proof, appointment The Longxi earthquake From the year 138 AD, when the instrument would have detected a tremor 850 kilometers away, without feeling in Luoyang. The initial skepticism of the officials vanished when messengers on horseback confirmed The shaking days later. Even more revealing, he explains, is the jump in the frequency of earthquakes registered in the capital after the implementation of the artifact: in the previous 8 years they were only documented three local earthquakes; In the 58 years later, there were 23, in a region considered low seismicity. Zhang HENG: astronomer and political victim. ZHANG HENG It was not any inventor. His appointment as a great imperial astrologer in 115 (a position equivalent to the director of a modern national observatory) and his creation of an armilar sphere Able to map the sky with precision, they prove their domain in mathematics, astronomy and mechanics. But his invention could have been politically uncomfortable. In a context where natural disasters were interpreted as signals from heaven and threats to the mandate of the emperor, an instrument that “predicts” earthquakes could have been seen as subversive. Some scholars suggest that HENG’s abrupt retirement in 138 and his death the following year They were not casual. Xu duck that the loss of the original earthquakes (along with its technical diagrams) could be due to wars, political chaos or even the greed of powerful aristocratic families that would have hidden its existence. Recovered legacy. In a gesture loaded with symbolism, xu He recalled that only two bronze objects have been defined in Chinese history: Nine cauldrons of the Xia dynasty and this earthquakes. Now, the objective is ambitious: rebuilding the instrument using only materials and technical Advanced knowledge reached in ancient China. Beyond the material restoration, the project aspires to reinsert this jewel of engineering in the global narrative of science, as proof that humanity had already tried, long before satellites or artificial intelligence, unravel the Mysteries of the tremor From Earth. Along the way, the Heng’s featerased for centuries of oblivion, it could be closer to recovering its place among the great milestones of human thought. Image | KowlooneseSSPL In Xataka | The most revolutionary and rare writing machine was lost in 1940. Until someone received a message In Xataka | Of the Wright brothers to Wu Zhongyuan, a homemade helicopter

Now we know Russia’s trick to multiply his drones. It is called “cooling units” and comes direct from China

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If the question is how far Beijing’s help comes to Moscow with the Ukraine War in the background, the answer is very wide. We knew through documents obtained By Bloomberg that the production of Russian drones was being favored by the use of intermediary companies with China as main actor bound. Now we know something else. The engineering of deception to overcome sanctions. Clandestine flow. I told it in Exclusive Reuters. Apparently, Russia has managed to maintain and expand the production of its drones Kamikaze Garpiya-A1despite the sanctions imposed by the West, thanks to a sophisticated undercover import scheme that involves Chinese companies. Customs documents, internal contracts and invoices reviewed by the medium reveal that the L550E engines manufactured by the Chinese company Xiamen Limbach Aviation Engine Co. continue to arrive at the Russian state company IEMZ KUPOLnow through a Signature called Beijing Xichao International Technology and Trade. To avoid detection, engines are tagged as “Industrial cooling units” in transport documents, which has allowed Your shipment From Beijing to Moscow (and from there to Izhevsk, headquarters of the Kupol plant) without alerting Chinese customs authorities or formally infringing the country’s export legislation. Mass expansion. An internal Kupol document confirms that the company has signed a contract with the Russian Ministry of Defense to manufacture More than 6,000 Garpiya In 2025, tripling the production of the previous year. For April, more than 1,500 units had already been delivered. These drones, long -range and great precision, are regularly employed to Attack civil infrastructure and military deep in the Ukrainian territory. According to kyiv’s intelligence, Russia is using some 500 Garpiya per month. Based technologically on the Iranian Shahed, the Russian model has become a fundamental tool of Kremlin’s war effort, now enhanced by Chinese components that include not only the engine, but also Navigation and control systems. Ghost Companies Network. The path of engines to Russia is carefully disguised. After initial shipping from China, He had Reuters that engines are received by a Russian cover company called SMP-138owned by Abram Goldman, which in turn forwards them to another Russian company, Libss, final responsible for supplying Kupol. A contract between Libss and Kupol Reviewed by means Specifies specifically that the products should be identified as these “cooling equipment” to avoid suspicions. Chinese commercial companies Sichuan Airlines and China Southern Airlines have been used to transport these pieces Criticism of Russia since October 2023, despite the penalties in force. None of these airlines or the companies involved answered the Reuters questions. Ambiguous position. The Chinese Foreign Ministry, in response to the environment, He denied knowledge of these shipments and reiterated that the country strictly apply export controls of double -use goods, in addition to oppose sanctions Unilateral not endorsed by the UN. However, the reality of the continuous flow of military technology towards Russia calls into question that narrative. The Xiamen Limbach company was sanctioned in October of 2023, after an earlier Reuters report that already identified its role in the manufacture of the Garpiya, which caused new intermediaries such as Xichao They assumed the relief. In spite of these measures, or Xiamen or Xichao have given explanations, and the trail of responsibility is more than diffuse among layers of screen companies, documentary opacity and legally ambiguous trade routes. Diplomatic warnings. Plus: Revelation arrives at a time of Growing diplomatic tension Between the European Union and China. The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, will meet with Xi Jinping and Li Qiang at a summit marked by Chinese support suspicions to Russian military machinery. European diplomacy, headed by Kaja Kallas, He has warned Beijing that allowing this type of trade puts the security of the continent at risk. China, meanwhile, insists that He has not exported Lethal weapons and that, if Russia uses its civil products for war, the same could be said of Ukraine. However, according to three senior European security officials, the case of Garpiya demonstrates that the Chinese supply It is not accidental or marginalbut part of a functional network that actively supports Kremlin’s military effort. European deterrence and strategic game. Experts Like Meia Nouwensof the International Institute for Strategic Studies, point out that China’s priority interest is to keep the United States focused on Ukraine, thus avoiding a direct confrontation in the Indo-Pacific. The implicit strategy would be to prolong the European conflict to gain margin of maneuver in Asia. For Brussels, however, the immediate priority is Cut the flow of critical components. Although the EU does not require China to break economic relations with Russia, it does insist that it reinforces its customs and financial controls to avoid the transit of sensitive products. For now, the proliferation of undercover engines and fictional companies shows that, on the Ukrainian battlefield, the China’s technological shadow is increasingly difficult to ignore. Image | Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, State Border Guard Service of Ukraine In Xataka | Ukraine has opened Russia’s last drone and does not leave his astonishment: it is the first time that China does something like that In Xataka | Ukraine has found a solution to China’s veto in drones: it’s called Hell, it’s a “home” missile and bends the scope of the attack

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