century

We do not even know if Trump’s ‘golden dome’ can be built, but there are already companies competing for the contract of the century

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At the beginning of the year we began to talk about the ‘golden dome’ or ‘Golden Dome’. It is the name of the antimile shield that Donald Trump wants to build For the United States. It seems that the thing is serious and that has intensified competition among many military technology companies that want a piece of the cake. The golden dome. Unlike antimile systems such as The Israeli iron domeTrump’s proposal is that he would use a satellite network capable of stopping Hypersonic missiles. Experts soon Show your skepticismarguing that it is not possible to create a shield that covers the entire territory as in Israel, a country 400 times smaller than the United States. The details of how it will be achieved do not seem to import Donald Trump, which in May assured that “we will have the best system ever built.” A very juicy cake. It is not clear how it is going to be built or if it is possible to do so, but the plan is that it is finished before this legislature ends, with the first test planned by the end of 2028. According to the administration, its construction will cost 175,000 million dollars, of which 25,000 million have already been invested. Business parade. As reported in the New York Timesmany companies are already doing tests to show their capabilities and be part of this project. This is the case of Varda Space Industries, the Californian startup created by Spacex former employees that was dedicated to manufacturing drugs in space. In May they did a test to demonstrate that they are not only able to track hypersonic missiles, they can also calculate their trajectory and that they can be intercepted. The Wild West. Companies that are selected will ensure a privileged position in the American defense. In statements to New York Times, Mark Montgomerydirector of a group of defense experts in Washington, said that “there are more than 100 companies with sensors, satellites or other devices that want to sell to the golden dome (…) this is the wild west, and it is a huge opportunity for those who are selected.” Several layers. The antimisile shield will have several layers, three land and one spatial, according to Reuters reported. The space shield will be the most complex part from the technological point of view and where many of these companies are focusing. In April we already talk about Spacex had proposed its technology for the creation of the golden dome. It is a network of up to 1,000 satellites to detect missiles and another 200 armed with missiles or lasers to destroy them before they reach their goal. Palantir Technologies and Anduril Industriestwo technological companies dedicated to defense, were also part of this initiative. Images | Wikipedia, Picryl In Xataka | The US has decided to try if Elon Musk was right. So he has placed two cybertruck in the desert as the target of his missiles

Japan sent the wrong creature to eradicate the snakes of an island. The disaster was so great that it has taken half a century to solve it

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Once again, desperate situations lead to extreme measures. Save a species Sometimes it implies “exterminating” another. We have seen it in South Africa and Your plan to annihilate miceeither Injecting radio -material material into rhinos hornscases of Wild cat huntor the plan for exterminate half a million owls. However, sometimes things do not come out as governments imagine. In Japan they know perfectly. The incident of 79. The story begins in 1979 on the Japanese island of Amami ōshima, located in Kagoshima Prefecture. That year, rediscover Amami’s rabbit (Pentalagus Furnessi), an endemic species and considered a “living fossil” due to its evolutionary seniority. Before the finding, it was thought that the rabbit was on the verge of extinction due to the loss of habitat and hunting. The discovery marked a before and after for the conservation of the species and highlighted the importance of protecting the natural environment of the island, home from many other unique species. An event that also underlined the need for higher conservation efforts in Amami ōshima, for example, trying to eradicate or control the population of snakes. A wrong “bomb”. Thus, within a few months, Japan launches a plan. Introduce about 30 mushrooms on the island With the intention of ending the population of snakes, specifically Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis), which represented a threat to local inhabitants. The idea, on paper, was a fissure plan: that mushrooms, which are natural snake predators, reduce the number of Habus and improve safety on the island at all levels. However, that project was far from infallible. The mushroom was not the ideal creature to eradicate snakes. In the first place, because they are active animals during the day, therefore, they could not catch the nightly hubs, who continued to inhabit the following decades without problem. What happened as a consequence had a huge ecological impact. A specimen of trimeresurus flavoviridis Depredation of endemic species. Thus, during the day, instead of focusing on the snakes, the mushrooms began to prey a wide range of native species, including several that had no natural enemies on the island until then. That seriously affected local fauna, especially endemic and endangered species, such as Amami’s same rabbit that had just announced happily months ago. Hundreds of thousands of mushrooms. The situation reached such a point, that the mushrooms, carried to eradicate a plague, had become even larger and more dangerous, one than reached around 10,000 copies At its maximum point over the year 2000. The truth is that Japan had already started a mushroom control project in 1993 that was expanding over time. As? About 30,000 traps were placed on the island to capture the animals and cameras with sensors to monitor them were installed. In addition, local residents formed the so -called Amami Mongoose Bustersa team specialized in the capture of mushrooms (they came to capture thousands). The end? In 2018 there was the last official capture of a megosta on the island. It happened in April, and since no creature has been captured for a long period of time, the panel of experts, which has the task of determining if the animal is eradicated from the island, estimated that the eradication rate It was between 98.8 and 99.8% In February of last year, reaching a preliminary conclusion that it is reasonable to say/think that mushrooms are eradicated from the island in current circumstances. Finally, on September 3, 2024, the Ministry of Environment of Japan declared The eradication of non -native mushrooms on the island of Amami-Oshima, declared a natural heritage of humanity by UNESCO. The statement was based on the opinion of the group of experts on scientific bases, taking into account that the capture of mushrooms has not been confirmed for more than six years since the last one in April 2018. A unique case. The Ministry itself did not hide the disaster that supposed the attempt to control snakes in 1979. In fact, and as the administration has announced, it is one of the largest cases in the world in which non -native mushrooms have been eradicated that had been established for so long. After the statement, the government explained that it will withdraw the traps that were placed on the island, although it will continue to watch with cameras to prevent a new group of these small creatures from between again. After all, if it took half a century to get them out of there, any contingency method is more than understandable. A version of this article is PUblicó in 2024 Image | Animalia, Tanaka Juuyoh, Patrick Randall In Xataka | We have just found a surprising remedy against Argentine ants pests: caffeine dose In Xataka | The mission impossible to control the invasive plague that is eating the European pine: biomolecules, piñones and citizen science

Anthropic is worth 183,000 million even though he invoices 5,000 million a year. Or it is the business of the century, or it is the madness of the century

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Anthropic has just closed A financing round of 13,000 million dollars that values ​​it in 183,000 million. The figure sounds like madness when we put it in context: the company invoices 5,000 million a year. The figures. Anthropic is valued 36 times. Google, to compare, quotes 6 times. Apple at 8. Microsoft to 14. They are mature companies in front of a startup, but none remotely approaches this multiple. The round F It has been led by ICONIQ Capital, with Fidelity and Lightspeed as co-investors. Heavyweights such as Blackrock, the sovereign background of Qatar and Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan have participated. What has happened. In just eight months, Anthropic has multiplied its income by five: from 1,000 million to 5,000 million in August (annualized). It is one of the fastest growth in the history of technology. Claude Codeits programmers tool, generates 500 million in annualized revenues. It has multiplied its use in three months since its complete launch in May. The context. The AI ​​career has become a war of valuations disconnected from classical financial reality. OpenAI negotiates an assessment of 500,000 million. XAI of Musk looks for 75,000 million. Investors are betting Billions to these companies will dominate the future. Anthropic serves 300,000 business clients. Its large accounts (those that pay more than $ 100,000 a year) have multiplied by seven in twelve months. Yes, but. Developing elite AI models is very expensive. Anthropic depends on Amazon and Google for his computational infrastructure, and costs him billions annually. The costs are not going down, they are accelerating. Sam Altman, CEO of Openai, has said that his company will need to invest billions of dollars. The generative AI business remains structurally deficient for almost all participants. Nvidia always wins. Between bambalins. Dario Amodei, CEO of Anthropic, has admitted in An internal memo that is not “excited” to accept money from sovereign funds of dictatorial governments. But says It is difficult to direct a business excluding “bad investors.” The company has promised to use 13,000 million to expand capacity, deepen international security and expansion research. It is also developing specific products by industry. The end of a dream. A few months ago We speculated that Apple could buy Anthropic to accelerate your entry into AI. With an assessment of 183,000 million, that option has been buried: it would be 60 times more expensive than Beats, Apple’s greatest acquisition in its history. Not even Tim Cook (who He was open to check) With 150,000 million in cash available, you can justify such a check before your shareholders. The big question. Are we facing the birth of the new technological giants or the greatest bubble from the Puntocom? With assessments that multiply by 36 income, the margin of error is non -existent. Investors are betting on Anthropic and their rivals will not only dominate AI, but the AI ​​will transform the entire global economy. If they are right, 183,000 million will seem cheap. If they are wrong, it will be a historical disaster. Outstanding image | Anthropic, Xataka In Xataka | People are celebrating funerals by the Ia withdrawn for a reason: they are not a “tool” but a support

half a century later, the mystery is complicated

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Almost half a century after the Big Ear Radio Coats captured an enigmatic signal of 72 seconds from space, the mystery, far from resolving, has become more complex. An exhaustive analysis of the original 1977 data, which were believed, has revealed that the legendary signal “wow!” It was considerably stronger than was thought, and moved towards us at a much higher speed than it had been calculated. A little context. On August 15, 1977, American astronom characters sequence “6equj5”an extraordinarily intense narrow band radio signal. His surprise was such that he surrounded the code with a circle and wrote “Wow!” On the margin. Thus was born one of the greatest enigmas of modern astronomy and the most famous candidate to be an extraterrestrial transmission. Now, a Preliminary study posted at Arxiv.org Rewrite almost everything we knew about her. Rescuing a treasure of 75,000 pages. New research has been an almost archaeological job. For decades it was thought that the detailed data surrounded by the ‘Wow!’ They had been lost forever, especially after Ohio’s Big Ear Observatory was dismantled in 1998 to build a golf course. Fortunately, a group of volunteers rescued most of the telescope records. Now, researchers of the Project “Arecibo Wow!”led by Abel Méndez of the planetary habitability laboratory of the University of Puerto Rico, have digitized and analyzed more than 75,000 pages of the original forms with optical recognition technology of characters (OCR) and human supervision. This monumental effort has allowed, for the first time, to apply advanced computational methods to the original signal, revealing details that had been overlooked for almost 50 years. The “Wow!” Signal signal Next to the scribble of astronomer Jerry Ehman Strong, more precise, faster. The new analysis correctly corrects and refines the signal parameters, shedding new light on its possible nature. The previous estimates placed the intensity of the signal (their flow density) between 54 and 212 janskys. Corrected calculations raise that figure to a minimum of 250 janskys, confirming that It was even more powerful than was thought. Few sources of known astrophysical radio emit with that intensity, which makes it a truly exceptional event. The frequency has also been corrected at 1,420,726 MHz, which suggests that the object was moving to us at 74 km/s, a speed that does not fit with the normal rotation of the objects of our galaxy. On the other hand, the study reduces the search area in two thirds, refining the coordinates to two possible locations slightly displaced from the previous estimates, which could explain why decades of monitoring searches did not serve to detect it again. Neither humans, nor comets. With these new data, researchers have been able to discard many of the proposed explanations over the years. The study rules out almost completely human origin. There were no known satellites in that position and the moon was on the opposite side of the earth, so it was not a reflection of terrestrial transmissions. The television stations of the time could not generate a harmonic in that frequency. The form of the signal, which fits perfectly with the expected pattern of a punctual source through the telescope beam, is another argument against a local interference. The theory that the mysterious signal “wow!” It was caused by the passage of a kitewhich at the time seemed to solve the enigma, has also been weakened with the new analysis. The extreme power and the characteristics of the reviewed signal do not fit well with the hydrogen cloud that surrounds a kite. So what was? They were probably aliens either. Researchers point to a natural astrophysical event, but extremely rare. As I pointed out an earlier study that we cover in Xatakathe signal could come from a neutral hydrogen cloud. These clouds are common, but normally do not emit such intense and narrow band signals. The new proposal is that the signal ‘wow!’ It was the result of a phenomenon known as Astronomical Mass Flare or an overradication outbreak from one of these clouds. Something similar to a natural microwave laser, a transitory and powerful event that would explain both the intensity of the signal and the fact that it has never been repeated again. Images | Big Ear Observatory In Xataka | Every time we tried to contact extraterrestrial life

A century of herbivores at ease was ending with Yellowstone. Salvation was logical: call the wolf

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‘Jurassic Park‘He has memorable moments, but perhaps a phrase is the one that fell me the most in his day: “Life makes its way”The problem is that the hand of man exercises Too much influence on natureand the Yellowstone park It is an excellent example of how an ecosystem that was regulated perfectly was twisting due to a decision made 100 years ago: eradicate the wolves. Consequence? May the park run out of trees. And to turn to the tortilla, the researchers had an idea: return to repopble Yellowstone with wolves. Yellowstone in short. The arrival of European settlers to the North American west caused the expansion of the agriculture and, above all, livestock (With grazing and the Basques carrying the reins). The enemy of cattle was the wolf, since it was a direct threat and, due to its vital role for the local economy, extermination campaigns began to be carried out. The result was that, by 1930, the wolves (as well as other predators such as pumas, coyotes and bears) practically disappeared from some areas such as Yellowstone. Even the army is implied. If the predators disappear, those that were their prey have free field to reproduce without control, and that caused that alces and deer proliferate, creating a huge imbalance in the population of herbivores and, therefore, in the flora of the park. In the end, overparation and a overpopulation of wild herbivores caused the trees to disappear from Yellowstone. Lobos, to curra. The trees that worried were the scenes and it is not a matter of the alces to stay without food. How can we read in Oregon State UniversityThey are vital elements for birds that nest in them and for beavers, among other species. Thus, in 1995 the decision of V was madeOlver to incorporate those predators to the ecosystem. Lobos, Bears and Pumas, another predator practically removed from the area, returned to the place they should never abandon, and the results have not taken to appear. Results. Luke Painter, professor of ecology and conservation at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Oregon, comments that “The reintroduction of great carnivores has started a recovery process that had been paralyzed for decades. ” studyThey detail that the “price” is the sustained decrease in population of the Cervus canadensisallowing the quarrels to experience exceptional growth. This “trophic waterfall” examined 87 rhods of poplars in northern Yellowstone, finding that 43% of them presented a new population of small trees between five and ten centimeters in diameter, being the first positive count since the 1940s. They comment that the density of grazing remains the dominant factor for the regeneration of poplar, but that that Introduction of predators has relieved the load that herbivores exert in the ecosystem. In addition, the study rules out changes in the climate as the main cause of that recovery, once again influencing the importance of the reintroduction of the wolf as the element that has caused “changes in the distribution of the ALCE, giving rise to recovery”. The Wolf as a lever. Not everyone is on that ship. A previous study On the part of researchers at Utah State University and the University of Wisconsin Stevens Point put on the table that, although the role of the wolf had been important for the recovery of poplar, its role was exaggerated due to the way in which previous measurements were made. But what has happened in Yellowstone is not an isolated story. That persecution of the wolf has been lived in other areas and, in Europe, due to its impact on livestock, they are also promulgated laws for extermination. The ecological consequences are similar to the views in Yellowstone and, in Scotland, there is an overpopulation of red deer that are ending local forests. At a time when we need trees so that They catch co₂it is already being raised release more than 150 wolves in the ‘Highlands’ Scottish to control deer and save forests. While some release them… But as we are condemned to repeat the story, at the end of 2024, the Permanent Committee of the Bern agreement voted in favor of reduce wolf protection status. This makes it “strictly protected” to “protected”, which opens the door to A desire on the part of certain parliamentariansfarmers and hunters: that can bother the wolf. And not with paint ballsas in Netherlands. In Xataka | Russia has found a frozen wolf 44,000 years ago “in perfect condition.” First decision: open it

The great Spanish rail giant had in his hands “the contract of the century.” Until France appeared

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It has been called “the contract of the century.” And it has not been for anything. CAF, the great Spanish rail giant, should be the winner of a huge contract to nurture the Belgian SNCB of trains that circulate on the conventional roads of the country. That is, by “the Belgian Renfe.” A contract that could reach 3,400 million euros. A contract that, now, is in the air after the claims of the French Alstom. “The contract of the century”. This has been called the pre -agreement between the Belgian SNCB and the Spanish CAF, confirmed only a few weeks ago by both companies In a statement in which the following was read: The Board of Directors of NMBS (SNCB-National Society of the Belgian Railways), taking into consideration the resolution of the State Council, has confirmed in this day CAF as preferred bidder of the contract for the development, manufacture and supply of the AM30 trains. In this way, the approval is given to continue the purchase process with the selected company, with the objective of closing the final adjudication of said Framework Agreement. This is a framework agreement with a maximum scope of units for 170,000 places, with an initial base commitment of 1,695 million euros (units for 54,000 places) in case of finally closing the agreement. French resource. This pre -agreement that includes a first operation of almost 1.7 billion euros and that could be folded in the future with the delivery of more trains for renew up to 50% of the fleet From the Belgian transport company, it has been appealed by Alstom, a French company that had also appeared to the contest. Guipuzkoa news He explains that the French company has launched the appeal to try to stop the contract, with the objective that this famous “contract of the century” falls on them, understanding that its offer was better than the Spanish proposal. What do they defend? In the Basque newspaper it is pointed out that Alstom defends its best position because the offer was 107 million euros cheaper than the Spanish proposal and that, in addition, they assured that Belgian labor would be used, which should be an argument of weight when it comes to being the chosen ones. Alstom expected their witch and charlei plants that employ 1,500 people to be decisive when obtaining the contract, they explain in Expansion. The situation is not new. Last April, the Belgium Council suspended the award and forced CNCB to return to the process, noting that the contract had not been awarded with total transparency. Human Rights. After that first closed door, CNCB once again chosen CAF as an ideal company to deliver the trains with which the Belgian fleet will be renewed. In their new report they pointed out that “European regulation prevents considering local presence factors in public procurement,” they explain in Expansion. But, in addition, in the review of the process, the Belgian court asked CAF to demonstrate that its activities meet “With international law and human rights”. Because? Because CAF works on a light subway line in Jerusalem that extends to Palestinian territories occupied by Israel. Yes indeed, In the Basque newspaper They emphasize that the Belgian Mobility and Climate Minister came to remove iron from this matter, highlighting that the country itself maintains diplomatic and economic relations with Israel. A thorny matter. The participation of CAF in the Light Metro of Jerusalem has raised Polvareda and is a stone more than the company has been found when receiving the so -called “contract of the century.” Amnesty International and Other associations In defense of the Palestinian people they demand that CAF leave the Israeli project. The minister on his side. For now, what has been defended by CNCB (and even Belgian minister himself) is that Not only should you look at the initial cost of the project. According to its reports, the Spanish proposal will mean savings with the passage of time to Belgian accounts since CAF trains consume less energy than those of Alstom. Specifically, it is ensured that the Spanish rolling material improves by 4% the technical criteria of the French company, taking into account the sale price of them but also the consumption of the trains provided, the conditions of the purchase contract and the calendar of deliveries to which CAF is compromised. Photo | CAF In Xataka | “Whoever wants to come, to invest”: Ouigo wanted to enter the Madrid-Galicia bird but it already sees it impossible before 2030

This graph shows how eighteenth -century corporations already doubled their value

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In recent years, some technology companiesThey have climbed their capitalizations Meteorically to the point that, those known as the “7 magnificent”, already match or exceed the GDP of many countries. Every time one of the companies of this select group, formed by Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia and Tesla, Reach a new record The idea is reinforced that there have never been such powerful companies. However, history reminds us that this throne It is not new: There were corporations in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that, adjusting their value to inflation, doubled and even tripled the value of the current “7 magnificent”. Seven giants today, very great … but not so much In 2025, Nvidia has reached a capitalization of 4.2 billion dollars, Microsoft of 3.8 billion, Apple 3.2 billion, Amazon 2.4 billion, Alphabet 2.2 billion, goal 1.8 billion and tesla 1.1 billion. Together, the seven largest technological companies in the world total 18.7 billion dollars (European billion in a long scale). A huge figure, which represents The stock market weight Combined of the seven largest technological companies on the planet. However, if the graph prepared by Visual Capitalistleave a much more visual idea, and these figures pale when comparing them with the large business corporations that monopolized the lucrative trade between old Europe and their respective colonies. The data represented in the graph are extracted from the respective capitalizations of the companies in July 2025, as well as the research published in The Motley Fool In 2012. The figures of the companies of the seventeenth and eighteenth century are adjusted to inflation, which leaves us an approximate idea of the enormous power of these commercial corporations, causing the “7 magnificent” to seem mere startups to their side. The Dutch Company of the Eastern Indies: The Bubble of Flowers Founded in 1602 and financed by the Dutch government, the Dutch Company of the Oriental Indies (VOC, for Dutch) was the corporation more powerful of his time. During the speculative boom of the “Tulipomania“In 1637, which gave rise to the first economic bubble in history. During that time, the Dutch company of the Eastern Indies reached an estimated value of 78 million Dutch florins, which adjusted to inflation, would result in more than 10.2 billion dollars. That means that, a single company of the seventeenth century, came to be more than double the sum of Nvidia, Apple and Microsoft together. Unlike modern technological ones, the VOC not only traded with products, but also administered territories, negotiated treated, maintained its own army and even had the power to coin its own currency, functioning de facto as a overseas government. In modern terms, it would be a mixture of megacorporation, central bank and state geopolitical arm. The Mississippi company and the South Sea Company The 18th century also saw the corporate colossi flourish that, in the same way that they flourished, they withered to the pressure of the financial bubbles. The Mississippi company, managed by the Economist John Law Under the support of the French monarchy, it reached a value equivalent to 8,350,000 million dollars in 1720 (8.35 billion). Your model It was based on the exploitation of resources and commerce in the French colonies of North America, but ended up collapsing in one of the largest Stock bubbles of history. For its part, the South Sea Company was created in 1711 by the British Government with the intention of consolidating and refinancing public debt in exchange for exclusive commercial rights with South America, especially in the territories under Spanish rule. In theory, its business model was based on opening new routes and exploiting transatlantic maritime trade. In practice, their commercial activities were minimal. The promise of enormous future benefits promoted a stock market who triggered the value of his actions at exorbitant levels. Exactly the same as centuries later was lived with the Puntocom bubblea scenario that many compare already With investments in AI. In 1720, the South Sea Company reached a capitalization equivalent to more than 5,520,000 million dollars. However, the lack of real income, financial secrecy and unbridled speculation precipitated the collapse. He bubble burst It caused an economic crisis in the United Kingdom, dragging private, parliamentarians and members of the nobility, and forcing legislative reforms in financial markets. In Xataka | The best paid CEOs of the technology industry, gathered in a simple graphic Image | Visualcapitalist

trains lasted a century

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Amazon has promised to invest 100,000 million dollars in AI data centers in 2025. Microsoft, 80,000. Google, 75,000. Goal, 65,000. The figures are absolutely dizzy, and are only part of the global investment that many other companies are carrying out in this area. The situation begins to be comparable to what occurred more than 140 years ago, when another investment fever conquered the United States. In that case it was the railroad. But there are crucial differences between one and the other. We are spending as if there were no tomorrow. Investor Paul Kedrosky did That interesting comparison Between spending on AI data centers and the one that was done on railroads more than a century ago. According to him, Capex’s figures (capital vessel, capital expenditure) for the United States in 2025 in the AI scope are absolutely fired and could represent according to their data between 1.2% and 2% of the Gross Domestic Product of the US. What is that? A lot. Lot. Source: Paul Kedrosky. More investment than with the Puntocom. The situation seems to overcome even the one that was lived with the investment in telecommunications companies both during the Puntocom bubble and during the era of the 5G networks, in which there was also a shotx fired. According to Kedrosky, the percentage of the US GDP on that occasion was 1%, but the capex for AI already round data centers (as little) 1.2%. A WSJ chart recently showed the situation: Capital spending (capex) quarterly of the Big Tech does not stop growing. And everything is for AI. Source: WSJ. Only the railroad attracted more investment. There has only been a situation that exceeds the current one. It occurred in the 1870-1880 decade, with the railway fever that made CAPEX shoot up to 6% of the US GDP at that time. The investment in AI data centers is still somewhat far from that figure, but it is still amazing, and above all, it does not seem to go less. Comparison between the capex dedicated to telecommunications and the one that is now being dedicated to data centers and IA. And 2025 will go further. Source: Paul Kedrosky. Money everywhere. As this analyst explains, the CAPEX set is not based only on the capex of the large technology companies that we mentioned at the beginning of this article. In addition to these gigantic investments there is a growing debt issuance to support these investments, private capital and new “Special investment vehicles“(SPVS) that are created precisely to support these massive capital flows. Even Xi Jinping is scared. The Chinese president, Xi Jinping, has warned of the danger of excessive investment in data centers. In your country there are More than 250 data centers Under construction, and last week he warned of the risk of betting without brake on AI and electric vehicles: “With regard to projects, there are some important aspects: artificial intelligence, computer power and new energy vehicles. Should all provinces in the country develop industries in these directions?” Do not invest in other things. That extraordinary investment in AI data centers – or talent, tell them to the finish line– It is making any other segment much more difficult to capture money to continue developing. According to Kedrosky, the situation is analogous to which it was lived with fever for telecommunications and investments in other types of infrastructure, something whose effects continue to place. Bubble danger. Faced with this unbalanced obsession with Big Tech to create more and more data centers there is a reality: AI, although useful for certain scenarios, still does not prove to be really revolutionary. Openai’s commitment, Google, Microsoft or goal is absolute, but it is almost more for the fear of getting too late to the market than by the fact that this market makes sense in itself. All this has made it talk for a long time AI bubblethat It could be comparable (or more worrying) than the bubble of the Puntocom. Better spend now than regret it later. Mark Zuckerberg, Meta CEO, He already reflected About the situation with a clear message: “It is very likely that many companies are oversizing (their investments in AI). But, on the other hand, I think that all the companies that are investing are making a rational decision, because the disadvantage of being left behind is that you could stay out with the most important technology of the next 10 to 15 years.” They are still spending little. While many think that companies are spending too much money on AI, some analysts think they are spending little. Jim Cramer, from CNBC, affirmed That “these companies are not spending more in AI, they are missing. Maybe they are not investing bad. The expert Noah Smith Analyze in your Newsletter Noahpinion The situation and remember important details: The telecos boom in the 90s and that overinversion led to the bubble of the Puntocom The railway boom led another gigantic crisis in 1873. In both cases, companies created too much infrastructure and bet more. The expectations were exaggerated, and the companies could not meet the loans they had asked. But be careful: in both cases something more important happened. Those who invested extraordinarily did not invest badly, but invested too soon. The railroads were disruptive, as were the telecommunications. There are those who defend that in fact Bubbles are good For innovation. But it is not the Railroad (for the moment). Kedrosky concludes with a comparison that serves as a warning: what is being built with these AI data centers are not railroads: The train tracks have lasted more than a century and their cost-benefit ratio It has not been reduced just after the passing of the decades (although there has been investment to renew them) Data centers are short -term facilities, and the expensive GPUS on which they are based have a much shorter life cycle. Your cost-benefit relationship is much more debatable Inflating the economy. This analyst has one more revealing data: without that … Read more

Galileo Galilei of the 21st century is an unknown man who has discovered more moons than no one is going to discover

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If they asked you about an astronomer, you would probably think of Copernicus or Galileo Galilei. Maybe Carl Sagan came to mind. If they add “to be alive,” you might answer Neil Degrasse Tyson or, in the event that you are a fan of Queen, Brian May. The name that would hardly come out in the conversation is Scott S. Sheppard, an astronomer as prolific as unknown. The number 1 in yours. Yeah Cristiano Ronaldo He is the greatest scorer in the history of professional football, Scott S. Sheppard is the CR7 to discover objects in our solar system. In total, he has put his name in more than 200 planetary moons: 78 of Jupiter, 119 of Saturn, three from Uranus and three of Neptune. Practically half of all known planetary moons. A record that, as points out Iflscienceprobably will never be overcome, and he has continued to swell it in recent months. The true king of Jupiter. In April, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) confirmed the discovery of two new moons in Jupiter, raising the official total giant to 97. Their provisional names are S/2017 J 11 and S/2017 J 10. Both are small moons and with retrograde orbits, that is, they revolve in the opposite direction to the rotation of the planet, something common in the outer and smaller satellites of Jupiter. And yes, he has discovered them Scott S. Sheppardthat with these two new findings, he adds almost 80 moons of Jupiter to his credit. To put it in perspective: Galileo discovered the first and largest moons of Jupiter in 1610. Since 2000, Sheppard has overwhelmingly dominated the search for Jovian satellites. What is resisting: Planet 9. He extensive curriculum Sheppard looks more like the index of an astronomical atlas than to the discoveries of a single person. In addition to natural satellites in Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptunethis astronomer of the Carnegie Institution for Science in Washington DC has also discovered 23 minor planets, six candidates for dwarf planets, three comets that bear their name (Sheppard – Trujillo, Sheppard – Tholen and Trujillo – Sheppard) and The most distant object ever observed In the Solar System: 2018 Ag37 “Farfarout”, about 130 times the distance between Earth and the Sun. This is where your work becomes even more fascinating. Many of his discoveries are transneptunian objects such as 541132 Leleākūhonua “The Goblin”. And it is no accident. Sheppard and his colleague Chadwick Trujillo found them while looking for something much bigger: The hypothetical planet nine. Themselves proposed in 2014 The existence of a superstraier -type distant planet to explain the strange orbits grouped from objects such as the Minor Sedna planet. Image | Carnegie Science In Xataka | What types of satellites exist: guide not to get lost in a gigantic network of which we are increasingly dependent

Spain has a rail giant in the shadows. And just achieved the “contract of the century”

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If you have traveled to Belgium, the SNCB application is likely to have downloaded to move from one city to another. It is about ‘the Renfe‘Belgian and, a few years ago, They announced that they were going to renew 50% of their fleet from here to 2032. The interesting thing is that it is an operation of 3,400 million euros that has not fallen to anyone: it has done so in a Spanish company called CAF. And if you are wondering what diantres is caf, you are in your entire right, but you will surely have mounted on one of its trains. “The contract of the century”. In a release of CNCB, the operator detailed the pre -agreement reached with the Spanish, something that replicated own CAF detailing that the initial commitment of the same will be 1,695 million euros. This includes the development, manufacture and supply of 600 am30 trains (interurban trains with integrated motor and autonomy by battery when operating in un -electrified lines) with a total of 170,000 seats, although the initial commitment is 1,695 million euros for 54,000 places. The proposal of CAF has had to compete with other manufacturers, such as the French Alstom that argued cheapest prices, factories in Belgium and that local industrial promotion. Everything is not closed, since although CNCB has opted for the Spanish, political interests come into play in something like that. There is a debate around the firm and, for example, as we read in Basque chroniclea deputy of the Belgian Party Staf Aerts has discredited to the company, indicated that CAF is collaborating to create a subway line from Jerusalem to the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel ” As we say, it remains to be seen that the agreement is finally closed, but by its magnitude, there is already talk of the “contract of the century” of the railway sector, with obvious consequences In the CAF portfolio. Centenaria. This news, because of its magnitude, has jumped to the first flat of numerous national and European economic newspapers, but the great question we could have is … what is CAF and why it is so important. CAF responds to ‘Constructions and Railroad Assistant‘And it is a company that was born in 1917 in Beasain, Basque Country. It was founded on workshops that already existed since the nineteenth century and from the beginning it was dedicated to the manufacture and rental of wagons, as well as other elements for rail transport. And in this more than a century, it has become one of the larger companies in the country. The Oaris World jump. They were developing their business within our borders, providing Renfe trainsbut in the 90s, they consolidated the international leap by operating more firmly in other countries thanks to the opening of about thirty subsidiaries. In Spain they have, above all, high -speed trains of variable width manufactured next to the ALSTOM itself, as well as electric and diesel trains for regional services and Renfe vicinity. However, much of your order portfolio It is for export. They have manufactured units for cities such as London, Brussels, or Sydney, as well as the Santiago de Chile and Mexico Metro, light trains for US cities such as Boston or the Oaris: High speed trains (up to 350 km/h) that form the backbone of the Norway rail network. And, to meet the needs, they have gone Opening factories all over the world. Why the mystery? In spite of everything, we do not know too much CAF beyond their area of direct influence (where they have the factories and hire employees) it has all the meaning of the world. Before we talked about Talgo, also a historic rail that not only stood out for their trains, but to baptize vehicles with their own name. Go up to Talgo It was synonymous with getting on the train just as asking for a Kleenex is asking for a handkerchief or, in some countries, playing “the play” is playing any game console in general. In the case of CAF, the same did not happen and, although it is an industrial pride in Euskadi and very recognized among experts around the world, its business has remained “in the shadows”. They operate mainly in the B2B sector, which implies work for large operators both public and private and not for the final consumer, and do not baptize their creations such as “CAF”, which keeps them in an unknown position for the general public. However, the last decades have grown, especially abroad, and with contracts such as the one achieved in Belgium and the jump to large media, it is more likely that the name ‘CAF’ sounds more and more. Images | Jordi Verdugo In Xataka | Renfe riding a circus this summer and dwarves grow: tunnels with leaks and more delays of the bird in Malaga

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