bottleneck

China has understood better than anyone where the space launch bottleneck is. Your solution: the sea

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On April 18, China will launch a space rocket from open waters for the first time. The Dong Fang Hang Tian Gang vessel has been modified to function as a launch platform, minimizing many of the problems that terrestrial platforms currently represent. The facts. This aquatic launch platform is a vessel that measures 162 meters long and 40 meters wide. The Jielong-3 rocket will be on board31 meters, designed by the Chinese Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology for commercial flights. It will be launched from the South China Sea, marking the first time a launch has been carried out from open waters. If all goes well, China’s goal is to make it far from the last time. A huge waiting list. China has decided to launch rockets from the sea to address various problems. The first, without a doubt, is the saturation to which conventional launch platforms are currently exposed. The rise of the satellite industry, both for telecommunications as with other crazier purposeshas led to more and more launches scheduled on all launch platforms around the world. As a result, each new release must go onto a long waiting list, which can get complicated when you consider that there is usually only a few days’ release window available. It’s cheaper. Another advantage of aquatic launch pads is that they are very easy to build. To build one on dry land it is necessary to acquire a large amount of land and install all the necessary infrastructure. The result is not only complex. It is also very expensive. In the sea, on the other hand, a platform adapted to the immensity of the ocean is enough. Also safer. On the other hand, these types of offshore launch platforms are much safer than land-based ones for several reasons. To begin with, methane is increasingly being used as fuel. It is very powerful, but also very explosive. Therefore, large safety zones must be established around the launch pad. This is vital in case of an accidental explosion. In the ocean, however, it is not necessary. On the other hand, space launches cause great noise pollution for surrounding populations. If we add to all this that they could suffer the risk of falling parts, the truth is that living near a launch pad is not almost anyone’s dream. All of them are problems that are solved by launching rockets in the middle of the ocean. If there are accidents, the pieces must be removed to avoid contamination, but at least there are no populated areas that are at risk. The rocket to be launched will be a Jielong 3 Proximity to the equator. As a bonus, the ability to move barges wherever needed makes it easier for the Chinese Academy of Sciences to take its launches closer to the equator than land enclaves allow. This is very advantageous, since at this point the benefit of the Earth’s rotation can be maximized, giving greater momentum during launch. It’s not the first time, but there is a nuance. Actually, China has already launched rockets from water platforms in the past. A good example of this is Ceres-1S, which even used the same boat. Gravity-1 was also launched from a cliff. However, there is a difference. While Jielong-3 will be launched from open waters, Ceres-1 and Gravity-1 were launched near the coast, with logistics controlled from land and some of the same drawbacks that a land launch would have. A launch from open water, far from the coast, is another step forward. China continues to advance. In recent years, China has been positioning itself as a major space power. Just look at the progress it has made in lunar exploration. His plan to take humans to the Moon advanceswhile that of NASA does not stop finding impediments. Furthermore, its space station, Tiangong, continues receiving astronauts at a good pace, robotic exploration of Mars It is quite advanced and even They have found in Europe a great partner to explore solar inclemencies. Having an aquatic platform that gives agility to your throws can be another big step forward. Images | Freepik | China News Service In Xataka | China has the Moon between its eyebrows: it has now created the first chemical map of the hidden face

The Government’s bottleneck slows down its exports to China

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The US Department of Commerce does not give the slightest respite to chip designers to artificial intelligence (AI) Americans. And the largest are NVIDIA and AMD. When these companies receive an order from one of their Chinese clients must apply for an export license to this government entity and indicate which GPU they intend to send to China, their specifications and which client is going to use them, among other relevant information. Once the bureaucracy has been put in place, the Department of Commerce technicians analyze the export requests in the framework established by current regulation and approve or deny the sale of integrated circuits to China. This is the usual procedure, so there is nothing new up to this point. However, as stated BloombergNVIDIA, AMD and other American AI chip designers face a very serious problem: the Commerce Department takes several months to process their export licenses. The US bureaucracy is torpedoing NVIDIA and AMD The staffing of the Department of Commerce has been drastically reduced in recent months, and in the current context this scenario represents a very serious problem. The Industry and Security Office of this entity is not only responsible for processing export licenses linked to AI chips; It is also in charge of carrying out investigations into the tariffs deployed by the Administration led by Donald Trump. And with fewer personnel than in 2024 and 2025 it cannot cope. The Office of Industry and Security has lost 101 employees in recent months According to Bloombergthe Office of Industry and Security has lost 101 employees in recent months, which represents a 19% reduction in staff compared to what it had in 2024. Curiously, the staff who are specifically dedicated to developing regulations linked to the semiconductor industry and reviewing applications for export licenses has decreased by 20%although it has not been revealed at the moment what this personnel flight is due to. Jeffrey Kessler, the Undersecretary of Commerce, wants, according to Tom’s Hardwarepersonally examine all license applications linked to AI chips. Here lies the bottleneck. Many of its office staff are busy with issues arising from the Iran war, and meanwhile NVIDIA has still not been able to send to China not a single H200 GPU. Officially it can do so, but before delivering this chip to its Chinese clients it must receive express approval from Kessler. AMD is in the same situation. It has not yet been able to deliver its MI308 AI GPU to its Chinese customers. However, this problem is not only suffocating exports to China. NVIDIA is still waiting to receive approval from the Department of Commerce to be able to deliver the latest orders it has received from its clients in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. During 2025, the Office of Industry and Security took an average of 76 days to resolve export requests, but this period is increasing in 2026. Very bad news for AMD and NVIDIA. Image | Generated by Xataka with Gemini More information | Tom’s Hardware | Bloomberg In Xataka | We already know what the chips that will arrive until 2039 will be like. The machine that will allow them to be manufactured is close

We just discovered that silicon has an invisible bottleneck, and that has a direct impact on our solar panels

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You turn on a solar cell and wait for the electrons to flow. But there is a moment, invisible and very brief, in which a part of them simply stops. A new study published in Physical Review B just explained why. The discovery. Researchers from the Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Nanoscience (IMDEA Nanoscience) and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Germany (MPIP) have discovered that, in silicon, photoexcited electrons do not activate immediately when they receive light. For a few picoseconds (millionths of a millionth of a second) they become stuck in small traps of the material before they can circulate and generate current. The person responsible has a name: a phonon bottleneck. What are phonons and why do they matter? Silicon has a peculiarity compared to other materials: for an electron to be released when receiving light, photons are not enough. According to account IMDEA Nanoscience in its note also needs the collaboration of phonons, which are the vibrations of the crystalline lattice of the material itself. As has been discovered, when such timing vibrations are scarce, electrons become temporarily trapped in surface defects near the edge of the energy band. What no one expected to find. Enrique Cánovas himself, one of the authors of the study, recognize that the discovery was accidental. “What we observed was an accident. We expected an instantaneous response, but instead we saw the electrons take a breather,” he says. Until now, the phonon bottleneck was known in high-energy situations, when silicon was excited with very energetic electrons. This is the first experimental record of the phenomenon with low-energy excitations, which occur with near-infrared light, or even below, the absorption threshold of the material. Until now unexplored territory. Why it has practical relevance. Silicon is the heart of the vast majority of solar panels of the world. Any inefficiency in how your electrons respond to light has direct consequences on the performance of those photovoltaic cells. Understanding that this transient delay exists, and that it has an identifiable cause, opens the door to two possible paths: designing materials or structures that minimize this jam, or even taking advantage of it in a controlled way to improve the behavior of the device. It remains to be seen if the impact of this phenomenon is significant enough to justify redesigns in the manufacturing of solar cells and photovoltaic systems. Cover image | yue chan In Xataka | Imitating photosynthesis to transform CO2 into fuel was always a dream. One that has already come true

Everyone blames the manufacturers for the lack of memory. Micron says real bottleneck lies elsewhere

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For months, memory shortage It has established itself in the technological debate as one of those phenomena that do not seem to need too many explanations. If RAM is missing and prices risethe immediate conclusion is that someone is privileging AI and leaving the consumer aside. That idea has resonated strongly, especially after visible decisions that have affected the domestic channel and have reinforced the feeling of abandonment. But when you get down to how memory is manufactured and kept stable today, the diagnosis becomes less obvious: the bottleneck doesn’t seem as obvious as it seems. A controversial decision. In this climate of widespread suspicion, Micron has become a preferred target, shared with other large manufacturers, but for a very specific and recent decision: the announcement of the end of Crucial consumer products. The company recently announced that will stop selling RAM memory and storage under that historic brand, with shipments expected through February 2026. For many users, that move was interpreted as a direct consumer recall just when memory is short. Micron justified that decision by noting that AI-driven growth in data centers has skyrocketed demand and that Crucial’s exit seeks to improve supply and support to its strategic customers in higher-growth segments. The market has changed size. From Micron’s perspective, the problem is not a renunciation of consumption, but an abrupt change in the scale of the market. Christopher Moore, vice president of marketing for the client and mobile business, He said in an interview with Wccftech that the company continues to have a relevant presence in PCs and mobile devices, while serving data centers. What has altered the balance is the growth of the data center business, driven by AI, which has gone from representing around 30% of the market to approaching, according to its figures, 50% or even 60%. That leap, he defends, has left the entire industry without sufficient margin. Variety also creates scarcity. For Micron, the bottleneck is not so much the lack of factories as how the existing ones are used. Moore explains that producing memory is not about making a single type of chip seamlessly, but rather about switching between multiple densities and configurations depending on what customers ask for. Each change, for example going from 12 GB to 16 GB modules or from 16 GB to 24 GB, forces lines to be readjusted and reduces the total output volume. In a context of skyrocketing demand, this variety, which was previously acceptable, becomes a direct brake on production. Micron’s new Idaho factory under construction Faced with the temptation to think that new factories will solve the problem, the manufacturer asks for patience. Moore explains that expanding memory capacity is not an immediate process, because it requires not only building facilities, but equipping them, validating them and certifying each product with customers. The company laid the first stone three years ago in its ID1 plant in IdahoUnited States, whose entry into operation is scheduled for mid-2027. Even so, it warns that there will be no significant impact on supply until the entire qualification process is complete, which it places in 2028. Crucial is gone, the channel is not. Moore assures that, although Crucial has disappeared from the consumer showcase, the company continues to provide memory to major PC and mobile device brands through channels less visible to the end user. This OEM channel, in which Micron supplies memory directly to integrators and manufacturers, concentrates a very relevant part of the market and ends up being incorporated into commercial designs and equipment. From their point of view, the consumer continues to receive Micron memory, even if it no longer does so under a recognizable label. With this panorama, the lack of memory ceases to be a problem of isolated decisions and is revealed as the result of several overlapping tensions. AI-driven demand for data centers that has changed the scale of the market, operational limits on production and long lead times to expand capacity explain why supply will remain tight for years. Micron places the relief horizon no earlier than 2028 and, until then, the consumer will live with fewer options and pressured prices. The bottleneck, the company insists, is not only in who buys the memory, but in how it is manufactured. Images | Micron In Xataka | The situation with RAM prices is so desperate that there are already those who build their own memory at home

The true bottleneck of AI is not chips but electricity. And there China has a great asset

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Data centers are Electricity devourers. A single training cluster can spend more light than 100,000 houses. And while we become obsessed with the semiconductor war, the main problem is still there, in silence: electricity. Why is it important. Training the most powerful models require superoring workers 24 hours for whole weeks. It doesn’t matter if you have the best chips in the world if you don’t have electricity to feed them. It is like having a Ferrari with hardly any gasoline. In figures: The context. The United States has an still incontestable domain in AI and controls 75% of world computing capacity. But their companies are being delays with years to connect new data centers to the electricity network. Google, Microsoft and Amazon They have to deal with years of delays to connect new data centers to the electricity network. China, on the other hand, can lift and connect plants in a few months. Unidso’s bottleneck is in the slowness to connect new capacity to the network. Between the lines. American chip restrictions have forced China to be more efficient. He Deepseek earthquake At the beginning of the year it was the best test. China is riding its “National Integrated Computer Network”, connecting public and private data centers. Your “East Data, West Computing” plan “ Build eight big hubs in provinces with cheap renewable energy. It is something similar to what we saw at the time with the cryptocurrency mining. The key: China puts the AI ​​where there is electricity. Yes, but. Coal is still 58% of its mix energetic. Although renewables is expanding at a good pace, its current advantage is based partly on fossil fuels. That questions the sustainability of its strategy. And now what. The AI ​​career will be decided both in power plants and in laboratories. China is building the infrastructure to feed gigantic models. The United States has better chips, But worse electrical infrastructure. AI needs two things: Silicon. Electric muscle China is betting very strong for the second and that could be its winning asset. Outstanding image | ダモ リ in Unspash In Xataka | China’s three master moves to “independent” technologically from the West: raw materials, chips, AI

The contradiction that solves the bottleneck of solid state batteries

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Lithium ion batteries carry decades fulfilling its role on day -to -day devices. They are still very valid for mobile, consoles and other small devices, but the arrival of the electric car has promoted a change. The industry is looking at some solid state batteries that have become In the best asset For car electrification. Promise much older autonomiesa longer life, faster loads, lower weight and greater security. There are many companies like Huawei, Samsung, Sling either Fordamong others, investigating the development of these batteries And, although marks like BMW don’t want to hear anything about them At the moment, others such as Mercedes have begun to implement them in test models. And the Technical University of Munich believes having found the key to accelerating the development and adoption of solid state batteries: a new material that “dopa” lithium and lithium conducts its ions 30% faster than any other material. Doping lithium to accelerate solid state batteries Despite all its promises, solid state batteries have faced historically a key bottleneck: The low ionic conductivity at room temperaturewhich limits loading and unloading speed. In liquid electrolytes, lithium ions move easily, but in solids, the crystalline network and interionic forces They hinder That movement, slowing down the process. Therefore, much of the current research It focuses on finding materials that allow a more efficient ionic migration The Energy Research team of the TUM has published a study in which it is detailed how they have achieved that improvement in conductivity. The key has been a new material that achieves the greatest ionic conductivity ever registered in this field thanks to eliminating part of the lithium and replacing it with Scandio. This substitution generates holes in the crystalline network that are called “vacancies”, and by reducing that density, the movement of lithium ions is freer. Therefore, conductivity increases significantly. According to his tests, this new compound of lithium, antimony and scandio drives ions 30% faster That any other material known to date and Professor Thomas F. Fäsler, team leader, points out that the material not only allows that higher speed, but also an improvement in thermal stability. “By incorporating small amounts of Scandio, we have discovered a new principle that could serve as a model for other elementary combinations,” says Fäsler. “The materials that conduct both ions and electrons are especially suitable as additives in the electrodes and, due to their promising practical applications, we have already requested a patent to develop it,” he continues. Apart from this new material, during the investigation they realized that there are other substances that work well with other materials. Jingwen Jiang is one of the authors of the study and states that his combination “is based on lithium and antimony, but the same concept can be easily applied to lithium and phosphorus systems. In previous record it was based on lithium and sulfur and required Five additional elements for optimization, but we have only needed scandio as an additional component. ” He also states that his discovery could have broader implications to improve conductivity in other materials, but Fäsler confesses that although they are optimistic, “many tests are still needed before the new material can be used in battery cells.” Therefore, it seems that There is time for these solid state batteries to impose themselvesand it is also logical to think that, little by little, they will optimize them much more. At the moment the interesting thing is so much that they have improved that ionic communication and, above all, that they have done so simplifying the processes with simpler compositions. Images Robert Linder, Tum In Xataka | The United States and South Korea come together to overcome a great challenge: 3D batteries impression for electric cars

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