Now there is a naval base with six nuclear submarines

In recent months, satellite images have revealed some of the latest military key in China. In October 2024 a new missile launch point was discovered in A strategic island. In November it was the appearance of a mysterious ship whose dimensions left few doubts of their reach, and a few weeks ago the largest military center of the planet. The latest: a base with six surprises. A hidden base. What happened has been possible through a Image update Satellite on Google Earth. Only then, Naval Analyst Alex Luck He found something That was not before: the presence of at least six nuclear submarines in the first submarine base in Qingdao, in the province of Shandong, China. The same, located at a strategic point with direct access to the yellow sea, the Eastern China Sea and the Japan Sea, has been a high military sensitivity installation for years, but now it can be observed with relative clarity from public services of digital cartography. In other words, the active existence of a secret base of nuclear submarines where, as explained by the analyst, several docked nuclear submarines are identified, a revelation that confirms not only the sustained expansion of the Chinese underwater fleet, but also its growing commitment to reinforce strategic deterrence through naval power. The submarines. The images from the space show at least six docked nuclear submarines, including two of Type 091 classtwo of class Type 093A and unidentified, in addition to a dry dike submarine that could be dismantled. Also, According to the analysta Type 092currently out of service and replaced by the most modern Type 094. Said form, we would be facing five nuclear propulsion submarines (although these with conventional weapons), and at least one with nuclear ballistic capacity (SSBN). Plus: The base, which as we said until now had remained under a relative veil of secrecy, points to a centerpiece in the growing maritime expansion of China. A Chinese submarine Type 094 Evolutionary deterrence. China currently has some 600 Nuclear Ojivasa modest figure compared to more than 5,000 from the United States, but enough to unleash a winter global nuclear in case of conflict. We have commented beforealthough Beijing maintains a policy of “Not first use” Of nuclear weapons, the country has begun to diversify its strategic arsenal, traditionally dependent on terrestrial and aerial platforms, through an expansion of its underwater force with nuclear capacity. A THREAT INITIATIVE NUCLEAR REPORT He stressed that the Navy of the Popular Liberation Army (Plan) operates both nuclear propulsion submarines and a robust diesel-electric submarines, the latter being the back spine of its underwater power. However, the recent focus seems to modernize and expand its naval nuclear component, with expectations that its total fleet reaches 65 units by 2025, According to estimates of the US government, and 80 by 2035. China goes very seriously. In the last fifteen years, China has built twelve submarines of nuclear propulsion: two Type 093 (Shang I class), four Type 093A (Shang II) and six Type 094 (Jin Class), the latter equipped with ballistic missiles launched from submarines (SLBM) as The JL-2 (CSS-N-14) and the most advanced JL-3 (CSS-N-20), thus representing the first marine nuclear dissuasion truly credible of the country. Each submarine Jin class can transport up to 12 missiles, and They were shown Publicly during the parade for the 70th anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic of Popular in 2019. In parallel, the imminent construction of the new Type 096 is expected, which will operate together with the Type 094 during the 2030s, as part of that Objective marked by Xi Jinping of significantly strengthening this strategic branch. The underwater race. No doubt, the discovery of this active and visible base from satellite is One more sample How the limits of strategic surveillance They have diluted in the era of digital cartography. However, and beyond the technological anecdote, the finding illustrates the growing role that marine deterrence will play in the Chinese nuclear strategy. With a fleet every time more advanced And a leadership determined to project power in the Western Pacific, the submarine program of the plan represents a critical dimension in the new geopolitical balance. The challenge does not reside solely in the number of submarines, but in its technology, capacity for stealth, autonomy and strategic armament. As China continues to develop Its presence under the waters, Qingdao’s revelation serves as a reminder that the next great struggle for nuclear supremacy may not be seen from the surface, but observe (as now) from orbit. Image | Google (Via Alexluck), United States Naval Institute In Xataka | Satellite images have discovered something: China is building the largest military center on the planet In Xataka | Satellite images leave little doubt: China is building a mysterious ship, and has an unusual size

China has organized a half marathon in which 21 robots participated. We have questions

Last Saturday a popular half marathon was held in Beijing in which there were some unique participants: 21 robots joined thousands of human runners to try to complete the 21,097 meters of the urban tour. The event has allowed to yield some conclusions about the Robotics art statusbut it has also generated new questions. Varied robots. In the race They participated Humanoid robots of Chinese manufacturers such as Droidvp or Noetix Robotix. The designs and sizes varied significantly, and were from 1.2 m high models to others that measure 1.8 meters. One of them remarkably imitated the human appearance in a robot that even waded his eyes or smiled. You by your side, I for mine. Although the organizers brought breast, stating that it was the first race in which humans and robots ran at the same time, in reality the Robots route was separated from that of human corridors. The robots were also accompanied by teams of engineers who monitored that their operation was correct (or that the batteries changed during the race). Slow. At the moment the performance of biped robots in the race was modest, and everyone ran clearly more slowly than human corridors. The fastest robot It was the Tiangong Ultra of the Ubtech company in collaboration with the Beijing Humanoid Robots Innovation Center. The tour ended at 2:40 hours after exchanging his batteries three times and falling on one occasion. Only six of the robots ended up crossing the finish line, and most did not last long in the test. Still far from humans. He was the only one that ended before the time limit was fulfilled to finish the test for human runners, which was 3:10 hours. The world record is in 56 minutes and 42 seconds, while a good time for human amateur runners is 1:45 hours for men and 2 hours for approximately women. Varied disasters. As they point out In Wiredthe Tiangong Ultra and the second classified, the N2 of Noetix Robotics at least managed to end at a slow but consistent rhythm. Others were a disaster. It happened with a robot named Huanhuan that moved at snail speed while moving his head uncontrollably. Another call Shennong had to be disqualified (he used small wheels) but the serious thing was that he turned on himself after starting the race and He fell next to their human operators. In some cases the operators used adhesive tape to protect the “feet” of the robots, but also to hit the head of one of them when it fell during the race. Critable autonomy. In addition, the robots were accompanied as we said of human operators. Some had control panels to go to the robots, and others went ahead to point out the way and remove obstacles from Enmedio. During the broadcast several spectators commented how operators seemed exhausted with all that operation to help robots to advance. But running is not theirs. The truth is that these robots are not designed to run, but the objective of the companies that design them is to be able to execute a variety of tasks that have nothing to do with moving quickly. Even so experts indicate that this test demonstrates the evolution of the market, because a few years ago It was difficult until they were walking. Even Elon Musk launched a job offer to “teach Tesla’s Robot Optimus to walk”. That some can already run a half marathon It is a good proof that some companies have created especially robust models. Important absences. Chinese manufacturers participated in the race, but many were absent reference companies In the market. Was not for example the Optimus of Tesla, but neither does the Atlas from Boston Dynamics, the Figure O2 of figure ai or the Apollo of Apptronik. There were also absences of large Chinese robotics companies Like Unitree (which did not officially participate, although two were used by other institutions), AGIBOTor the runner robot Star1 Robot was. Is this for something? The test organized by Chinese institutions served to demonstrate the advances of some of the robotics companies, but it was also a clear demonstration of the limitations of these robots. As we said, these companies do not design these robots with this type of purpose, and specialization is usually a key aspect of current robots. However, this half marathon serves to boost new ideas among robots developers, which should undoubtedly pursue that intensive motor capacity for their projects. Image | Xataka with Freepik In Xataka | China’s robots represent an existential threat to the US, according to semi -health experts

The one to get its new chip for AI with the Nvidia market in China

Until just a few months ago Nvidia monopolized some more than 90% of the Chinese chip market for artificial intelligence (AI), but after the entry into force of the last US sanctions package its leadership with all probability is being committed. The Chinese government is allocating a lot of resources to the development of Your own lithography teamswhich are those used to manufacture integrated circuits, and also to the tuning of their own Vanguard chips for artificial intelligence. As we told you last week, the US Department of Commerce It has imposed restrictions to the export to China of The H20 GPUand this in practice means that this chip presumably will not reach the Chinese clients of Nvidia. The company led by Jensen Huang is already paying it. His shares have fallen 6% and Nvidia has announced that this prohibition will cause a hole in its accounts of 5.5 billion dollars due to the commitments linked to the H20 GPU that the reserves of this chip had already acquired that it will finally not be satisfied. Huawei’s Ascend 920 GPU is ready to occupy the hole left by the H20 chip Some of the Chinese companies that have bought large amounts from the H20 Chip to NVIDIA and who presumably planned to continue doing them are Tencent, Alibaba or Bytedonce. The interesting thing is that this situation puts Huawei in a tray the opportunity to increase its market share in its own market taking advantage of the fact that US government prohibitions are weakening Nvidia’s position. However, this Chinese company is doing very well in this market because invoices annually about 7,000 million dollars Only in China. Huawei invoices about 7,000 million dollars only in China Huawei has lists its own GPU for iathe chips ascend AI, for more than five years. During this period of time it has been refining them and increasing their abilities with the purpose of matching or even overcome performance of the chips A100 and H100 of Nvidia. According to some analystslike those of the Chinese company Ifly Tek, the gross power of its GPU equals that of the Nvidia chips, but they are still one step behind if we stick to its performance in a real -use scenario. In any case, Huawei was prepared to react to the regulation that prevents Nvidia from delivering its most successful GPU (in China) to its Chinese clients. And it is that only one day after the US Department of Commerce formalized its latest sanctions He has presented his GPU Ascend 920a chip for AI that is clearly intended to occupy in the Chinese market the gaps that the NVIDIA H20 GPU is going to leave. The GPU Ascend 920 will begin to be manufactured on a large scale during the second half of 2025 using 6 Nm integration technology that presumably have developed side with huawei elbow and SMIC. The characteristics of this lithographic node have not yet been officially confirmed, but it will probably use the technique known as Multiple patterningwhich is the same one that SMIC is using 7 Nm chips. In addition, the GPU Ascend 920 will reach a 4 TB/s transfer speed for the memory subsystem thanks to the use of HBM3 chips. Image | Huawei More information | Digitimes Asia In Xataka | The Nvidia pulse and US administration becomes more virulent. The B20 GPUs for danger

Chatgpt has been a tool. If you start remembering all our conversations, it will be something else: a relationship

A few days ago, Openai announced an “memory” update for chatgpt: You will begin to remember all our conversations Already take them into account when giving us an answer. No four inferred pieces as before: All our history. Well, it wasn’t even Openai who announced it. Was Sam Altman in Xas who does not want the thing. Openai focused those days on giving a court to a GPT 4.1 Much less transcendent for the user. And a few days later, Grok announced the same movement. The new super memory (not yet available to the European Union) is a total change in the use we give to Chatgpt. And to a lesser extent, to Grok, who does not have a lower professional utility. We are no longer facing a tool that we use and abandonbut before a digital entity with which we have an evolutionary conversation. A relationship. Let’s think about how we use a hammer, a calculator or even Google: we use them to solve a problem and then forget them until the next time we need them. There is no evolution in our interaction with them. On the other hand, our relationship with another person is contrasted on a cluster of previous interactions. We do not expect to have to remind a friend what team we are, or our partner what music we like. There is something deeply human in wanting to be rememberedto desire continuity in our interactions. The IAS that offer this experience will have an advantage not only technical and functional, but also psychological. Each conversation with chatgpt – at the margin of the utility of the GPTS– It will no longer be an eternal first day, but the continuation of a thread of shared knowledge. An assistant who remembers your allergy to nuts. Which understands that you like explanations with sports analogies. Who knows that you are working on an important personal project. On face B of the album, the concerns that it provokes to deposit so much about ourselves in an entity controlled by a company. Persistent memory offers extreme customization, but it also costs us A privacy toll. Openai says that you can deactivate this function, but the value of the service decreases if you do. It is a usual dilemma for any user of modern services. It will also exist for some The subtle temptation to replace human interactions – Sometimes frustrating – for more predictable interactions with an AI designed to please us. The AI ​​never tired, never has a bad day, never judges our repetitive questions or laughs if we ask something too basic. It is an idealized company version that could be too attractive to some, especially for those who feel alone. It is the first stone of A new type of software that asks for another type of relationship. And we are not accustomed to something like that. It is not useful to treat it as another human, but neither as the classic tools. Another conceptual category will need. Chatgpt will know us better than many of our friends and family. It will be something that maintains the thread of our thoughts throughout weeks, months and years. A constant presence that will evolve with us, which will even anticipate our desires. Chatgpt will no longer be a tool, but something much more intimate and personal. Almost alive. Outstanding image | Xataka In Xataka | Openai’s hypothetical social network does not want to connect people. Want your data to train your AI

The Kindle has returned to lower price and has a good discount to give it to Book Day

Book Day is just around the corner, so if you don’t have the perfect gift for a reading lover, you are still in time to buy the Kindle In Mediamarkt. The store has dropped its price until 99 euros And, as mentioned in the description, if it is bought now you can receive it on April 22. That is, one day before the celebration of the Book Day. * Some price may have changed from the last review A very complete ereader for the price it has He Kindle (2024) It is a good ereader for those who want to start in the digital format. It is easy to usecomes with its own store to buy and download digital books and, in general, offers an excellent value for money. One of the aspects that, personally, most interest me is its format. Mount one Six -inch screen And the frames are not excessively large: their size is ideal to take the Kindle anywhere, and to have it at home or to take it on a trip. In addition, it can be stored very comfortable almost anywhere, such as in a backpack, in a bag and can even fit in some pockets. To all this we must add that it comes with a battery that offers a autonomy of weeks and that has 16 GB of internal storage, which means that many digital books can be stored. In addition, this model is the one that was launched in 2024 that offers a better performance. You may also be interested in these other alternatives Kobo Clara Color | Electronic color reader | E-Ink Kaleido ™ 3-color screen without 6-inch reflections | Dark way option | Water resistant | Audiobros | 16 GB of storage * Some price may have changed from the last review New Kindle Paperwhite (16 GB) of Amazon | Our faster kindle, with a new 7 “screen without reflexes and battery weeks | with advertising | Black * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Image | Amazon In Xataka | Best electronic books. Which to buy and nine recommended models In Xataka | What Kindle Buy: Purchase guide with recommendations to succeed with Amazon electronic book readers

When the Pope dies, his rooms are sealed and his ring is destroyed. It is the beginning of a ritual that ends in white smoke

As Cardinal Kevin Farrel has confirmed, the Pope Francis has died At 88 years of age. With his death, a protocol as old as ancient, a meticulous process designed for centuries of ecclesiastical tradition has been automatically activated. This has begun a kind of choreography of ancestral rituals that regulate the transition of the most emblematic spiritual power in the world. These are all the phases that will end in white smoke. Sealed for centuries. As we said, after the death of the pontiffthe head of the Vatican Health Department, the Cardinal Kevin Joseph Farrellcurrent head of the position, ha officially verified Death. The body will now be transferred to the Pope’s private chapel, dressed in a white cassock and liturgical ornaments, and placed in a zinc -lined wood coffin. Next to him They will be deposited His miter, the canopy and a bag with coins of his pontificate, in addition to a “rogito”, a scroll that summarizes his life and legacy, which will be read aloud before closing the coffin. Meanwhile, the Pope’s private room, located in the Santa Marta housewill be sealed, and the fisherman’s ring (the official seal of the Pontiff) will be ceremonially destroyed with a small hammer to prevent any type of falsifications. Farrell will write a Official Death Act and will be responsible for ensuring the Pontiff’s personal documents. The period called then begins vacant headquartersduring which ecclesial leadership is in the hands of the Cardinals College, but without faculties to make transcendental decisions until the new successor is chosen. Public tribute. Faithful to his style austere and away from the boatoFrancisco had already reformulated the rules Papal funeral home in 2024. He did it by eliminating many elements of the traditional pomp. Namely: your body will not be Exposed in a catafalco high or transferred for private views of ecclesiastical hierarchs, but will be displayed directly inside the coffin in the Basilica of San Pedro so that the people can pay tribute. Thus the nine -day mourning will begin to be known as novel. Francisco had abolished the tradition of the three coffins for the deceased pontiffs, replacing them with A single simple coffin of wood and zinc. This decision, contained in the new edition of the Ordo Exsequiarum Romani PontificisI was looking for (in words From the master of liturgical ceremonies, Diego Ravelli) “show that the funeral of the Roman pontiff is that of a pastor and disciple of Christ, not that of a powerful man in the world.” Funeral without ostentation. The procession to the temple will be directed by Camarlengo Farrel, and the Cardinals College will set the date of the funeral, planned between four and six days After death (that is, from Monday). Throughout nine days, funeral masses and prayers will be held throughout Rome. In addition, and contrary to the custom of burying the Pontiff in the Vatican crypts, Francisco has also arranged REposar in the Basilica of Santa María la Mayor, place of deep personal devotion and frequent fate of prayer during his papacy. With this choice it will become the First Pope in a century in being buried outside of San Pedro. The conclave. Fifteen to twenty days after death, the College of Cardinals will be summoned by its dean, the cardinal Giovanni Battista reto give Start the conclave which will designate the new Pontiff. Only cardinals under 80 can vote (about 120 approximately) and all must swear absolute secret before being isolated in the Sistine Chapel, the sacred space that becomes the headquarters of the most hermetic and solemn process of the Church. By the way, the term conclave (From Latin cum key“Under key”) refers to the obligatory confinement that prevents delays and guarantees confidentiality. Voting, which can be repeated up to four times a day, require a two -thirds majority for a candidate to be chosen. White smoke After each vote, the ballots are burned together with chemical additives that generate smoke: black if there is no agreement, white if there is. Once the consensus is reached, the chosen one is asked if he accepts the position and what papal name wishes to adopt. As a reference, Francisco’s choice (first non -European pontiff in 1,300 years.) He required five votes in 24 hours, but in the past there were conclaves that extended for months or even years. Habemus The new Pope is then dressed in the White Sotana in the next sacristy, and after greeting his voters, he goes to the central balcony of the Basilica of San Pedro. There, before thousands of faithful gathered in the square and millions of viewers worldwide, a cardinal announces in a solemn voice: Habemus Papam. Now, the new Pontiff greets and offers his first blessing Urbi et Orbithus opening a new chapter in the millenary history of Catholicism. No doubt, the figure of the Pope, in addition to being a spiritual guidance of more than one billion faithful, exerts a remarkable moral and diplomatic influence on the global scenario, and his choice will surely be observed with attention both by believers and by international leaders. Meanwhile, Francisco’s legacy (marked by a preaching focused on humility, social justice and institutional reform) will be sealed not only in his Rogitobut also in the memory of an era in which the throne was occupied by a man who chose to “walk among his.” The truth is that the death of a Pope remains an event of enormous global resonance, wrapped in a solemnity and a symbolism that transcends the religious to become an expression of historical continuity and spiritual power in the 21st century. Image | Diariocritical, Penn State In Xataka | Pope Francis made his opinion clear about the medical ethics of the end of life. The one we do not know is that of the Vatican In Xataka | In the sixteenth century it was believed that coffee was a satanic drink. So Pope Clemente VIII decided to “baptize him”

He ended up seeing how they touched him

There are stories that begin with a stroke of luck and end with a lump in the throat. Chris Willson’s started In California in 2008When, sailing through Lacraigslist, he found an unusual advertisement: a German cruise in the 50s, abandoned in a port of the Delta del Río Sacramento, was for sale. Willson, an American entrepreneur dedicated to technology, came there simply out of curiosity. He met a deteriorated ship, but with a lot of charm. Without giving him many laps, he decided to buy it. A historical transatlantic renamed at dawn But that was not just any ship. It had been built in 1955 in Hamburg by the Blohm & Voss shipyard and originally baptized as Wappen von Hamburg, becoming the first great German transatlantic after World War II. With about 89 meters of length And 85 cabins, in his best times he crossed the Atlantic several times. In addition, it appeared as the headquarters of ‘Specter in from Russia with love’, one of James Bond’s films, and served as inspiration for a series called ‘Vacation in the sea’. The first night Willsson was on board was surrounded by garbage and chaos. But in his first dawn on the ship he decided to baptize him as Aurora. From that moment he began to give his life to the project. He moved to live on the ship, brought together a group of volunteers and began an artisanal restoration that would last more than fifteen years. The objective was clear: turn it into a floating museum. Financed the project with own resources, sporadic works as a consultant and, later, thanks to donations and a community that grew around Your YouTube channel. But not everything was so good. The Aurora changed several times of location and ended up in an area known as Herman & Helen’s Marina. There the local authorities began to perceive it as an environmental riskespecially after the nearby sinking of another military ship. The eviction notifications followed, and the last one was the definitive one: to avoid collapse, Willson had to face works whose cost amounted to a millionaire figure. Surpassed by institutional pressure and without sufficient funds, Willson decided to sell the ship in October 2023. The buyer, whose identity did not transcend, promised to continue the project. But that would be the beginning of the end. The sinking of the project of your life Only seven months after the sale, the Aurora began to sink. San Joaquin County authorities discovered a waterway in the helmet and a diesel leak that forced them to intervene urgently. Although the ship was refloated, it no longer sailed again. In December 2024, after an operational complex that involved several agencies and specialists, it was towed without navigation to Mare Island, north of California. There began its destruction. The cranes torn the steel structure piece by pieceuntil making it disappear. In April 2025, there was nothing left. From a distance, Willsson contemplated the entire process. “It is probably one of the saddest things that I have had to witness in this life,” declared in an interview with CNN Travel. “It’s hard to see how fifteen years of work are completely lost.” Although he no longer had legal link with the ship, the outcome affected him deeply. The entrepreneur says he kept the ship safe for fifteen years, he managed to show his history to the world, but he could never enjoy sailing as he had once dreamed. During all that time, Willson estimates that he invested “more than one million dollars” in his pocket. The city of Stockton assumed part of the control of operations, although it has not yet revealed the final cost of the scrapping. Everything indicates that the invoice will be millionaire. According to Naval Historian Peter Knego, who documented the process, the costs could be between the 10 and 20 million dollars. The authorities have already announced investigations to determine who allowed the ship to reach that State, and do not rule out undertake legal actions to recover expenses. Meanwhile, the emotional part of the project is still alive. On the official website of Aurora Restorration Projectfollowers and volunteers share memories of their visits to the ship. Images | Peter Knego/Midshipcinema | Chris Willsson/Aurora Restorration Project In Xataka | 40 million dollars, a superyate and four gift passports: the happy outcome of the Alpha Nero that almost ruins an island

This is the almond dam

Spain has 1,226 Dams for its geography. Or had them, since the last 20 years More than 100 have demolished. The objective is that the rivers return to their channels and the truth is that the majority of demolished dams were small, they did not fulfill their functions and They weren’t in operation. Of those that are still standing, the most imposing is between Salamanca and Zamora. This is the almond dama concrete giant that is not only the highest dam in Spain, but an intelligent electric battery. Concrete mole. Located on the Tormes River in Salamanca, Almendra’s is a colossal wall of 202 meters high and 567 meters long. Its construction was carried out between 1964 and 1970 and it was necessary to make an excavation at the height: 1.5 million cubic meters to house both the construction and the 8,650 hectares that would be covered by water. HE esteem that more than 2,400,000 cubic meters of concrete for its construction were used, being one of the most pharaonic works in the country, and with a cost that is difficult to determine. Between 4,000 million pesetas and 10,000 million, according to The newspapers of the time, which adjusted to inflation would be between 312 and 780 million euros. A straw in the Duero. The dam is of a vault type with double curvature and two side dikes that, if we include them in the dimensions of the “wall”, add up to a length of 3.5 kilometers. But a dam is much more than what is seen with the naked eye, and something fundamental in Almendra’s is the tube that connects with the Duero and with the hydroelectric power plant. It is a pressure gallery with a length of 15 kilometers and a diameter of 7.5 meters that was excavated in the rock and covered by more concrete. Towards the end, it is divided into two galleries five meters in diameter and, each, in two other 2.8 meters to increase water pressure. This gallery saves a 30 -meter unevenness and is the one that carries the water from the turbine reservoir of its associated hydroelectric plant, Villarino. Each group contains six turbines Francis r They work in a double way: they revolve to produce electricity, but they can also do it on the contrary to pump water. They can move 232,000 liters per second and is key to feedback with another large close reservoir: that of Aldeadávila in El Duero. Thus, Almendra’s is like a great reserve to contain the Duero in its floods, but it also supplies it in times of more drought. Leading the European Top-10. To put in context its importance, although compared to the rest of Spanish damsAlmendra’s is colossal, if we put the eye in Europe … it is not so much. Switzerland takes the palm in this regard, with dams such as Great Dixence 285 meters high. Georgia has that of Unguri with 271 meters high, but beyond that pair and two other Swiss dams (Mauvoisin and Luzzone), the rest of the list of the highest is starring Spanish dams. Almendra’s is fifth at European level and is followed by channels with 156 meters, Canelles With 151 meters, the As wells With its 141 meters, the Aldeadávila with 139 meters and that of Barasona With a height of 133 meters. An ocean. Although it is huge, its capacity is not the largest in the country. It doesn’t even come. Its reservoir has a capacity of more than 2,600 cubic hectometers, far from the 3,162 h3 of the Alcántara dam in Cáceres or the 3,220 h3 of the La Serena dam in Badajoz, which is not only the largest reservoir in Spain, but the third largest in Europe. And, like other reservoirs, Almendra’s allows the development of recreational activities, with hiking routes or maritime activities such as expeditions in kayak. But it is evident that the most important role of the dam is not to create an ocean in the middle of Castilla y León, but to generate electricity. Not so striking production. The huge turbines we described some lines allow the installed power of the plant to be 810 MW, which implies an annual production of more than 1,300 GWh. It is one of the dams that help Castilla y León be one of the communities with More installed power In renewable energies, but the years do not pass in vain and there are prey that are much more striking than those of Almendra in this area. With an installed power of 1,720 MW, that of Cortes-La Muela in Valencia has an annual production of more than 1,600 GWh. That of José María Oriol-Alcántara II In Cáceres it has 915 MW and a production of 1,750 GWh and that of Aldeadávila in Salamanca, with an installed power of 1.139 MW, it has an estimated production of 2,400 GWh per year. And there are already projects As a consecut II In Ourense with a power of 1,800 MW that will allow up to 4,000 GWh per year or the planned of Llumaigua in Tarragona that will have the whop of 3,124 MW with productions of between 4,160 GWh and 7,000 GWh, something that still is in the air. Demographic impact. But of course, next to the rivers there are usually peoples and, with 8,500 hectares of surface, it is evident that the reservoir took some ahead. The beginning of construction was an economic bubble for Villarino de los Aires and Almond. HE They built Villages to house workers and the population peak because it was evident. In 1970, Almendra had 807 registered inhabitants, Villarino had 2,130 registered. Both locations came from decades of gradual depopulation, so the dam meant an unusual demographic rebound. In 2024, Almendra had 130 inhabitants and Villarino of the air with 739, and in both cases, just after completing the work, the population reached the level prior to it, which has also been decreasing aggravated with the rural depopulation of … Read more

We thought we had solved the mystery of the giant “trees” of the Paleozoic. We couldn’t be more wrong

More than a century ago, when the first known fossils of Prototaxitesintuition said that it should be the remains of a tree. Decades of study revealed to paleontologists that this fossil did not belong to a plant, so everything seemed to indicate that it was an immense fungus. Now a new study has reopened this unknown. Neither plant nor fungus. The study in question has revived the discussion About the nature and taxonomy of Prototaxitesprehistoric beings that so far the catalog scientific consensus as fungi. The involvement of “taking out” these beings from the evolutionary branch of fungi is that perhaps these beings belonged to an extinct and unknown branch of the tree of evolution. 400 million years ago. What we do know about Prototaxites For the fossil registry, it is that being trafficking with organisms that were alive towards the middle of the Paleozoic era, does Between 420 million and 375 million years. These beings had a more or less cylindrical structure, similar to a trunk and stood up to eight meters above the sky with a diameter that the subway could reach. These measures and their age make them one of the first large beings of those of which we have record in the fossil registry. The debate on the nature of these prehistoric living beings seemed to mid -2000s. It was then that an analysis revealed that the Prototaxites They did not obtain their carbon from photosynthesis, as is the case of plants, but obtained from other living organisms, as fungi do. Rhynie Chert. The new study that reopens the case It now contributes tests that this being did not belong to the kingdom of fungi and focuses on one of the known species of this genus, Taiti prototaxites. The team resorted to the fossils found at the Rhynie Chert site in Scotland. This site contains not only fossil remains of this species, but also of fungal species and others belonging to other kingdoms of nature. Similarities and differences. The new analysis of the fossils of this species ran into some similarities with fungal structures such as those that could be expected. However, despite having tubular internal structures similar to those of fungi, these tubes in P. Taiti They branched and linked in a different way from what they could expect. That was not, however the strangest detail. The analysis did not detect in fossils evidence of the products that are associated with the presence of chitina, a compound present in the cell walls of all contemporary fungi and that we know was also present in prehistoric fungi. They found that the chemical “firm” was more similar to that left behind by lignin, a polymer that we associate with vascular plants. The study has been published for now draft In the repository Biorxivso the standardized scrutiny of peer review has not yet passed. So what? This detail implies that we must extreme caution when drawing conclusions from the study we have in front. Even so, the signing team of the study outlines in this its conclusions, in principle preliminary. In his study, the team concludes that “the morphology and the molecular footprint of P. Taiti It is clearly different from that of fungi and other organisms preserved with it in Rhynie Chert, and we suggest that it is better considered a member of a group not described and totally extinct of eukaryotes. ” In Xataka | An amateur fossil search engine is behind a curious finding: vomiting of the dinosaurs era Image | Іщн

make cities a good place to live

When Daniel Knowles He began writing his book about the car industry, the world had been silent. Millions of people were locked at home, unemployment rates shot up, the streets cleared and wild animals returned to the desert center of the cities. The situation was so new that it could be dream that so much pain, death and uncertainty was going to open the door to a new world. It did not spend much time until we discovered that ‘dreaming’ was the key, which was nothing more than a ground. Two years later, while Knowles ended the book (‘Carmageddon‘, Captain Swing, 2025), “The world economy was booming, traffic had returned to the previous levels of pandemic and oil had prices (maximums) that were not seen in a decade. There were no other futures to fight for? A turning point. If two or three years ago, this correspondent of The Economist thought that we lived a turning point, it seems a good idea to return to their ideas to solve the cities crisis: that moment of change has only lengthened. But … what cities crisis? We can be living A world demographic crisisYeah; But the urban population is growing forced marches: in 2007, half of humanity already lived in cities for the first time. Now we are 55% and will reach 66% before 2050. What crisis is this? Well, As Rodríguez Seijo said right herea much more sibyline suris: than urban ecosystems “have become large centers of resource consumption, and in production areas and emission of potentially polluting substances.” And yes, it is true, “since 2000, one of the main pollutants in urban environments, the lead of gasoline, old housing paints or pipes” has been eliminated or reduced; However, “there are many organic and inorganic pollutants that continue to cause different health problems and that cause millions of deaths a year.” That is the true crisis. A crisis of at least seven million deaths a year. That was what the poor air quality, driven by the transport industry, caused In urban environments only in 2012. Hence, specialists like Knowles argue that “the expansion of the car has gone too far and must be stopped.” Freen it? Can we stop it? Rodríguez Seijo, Reflecting on the causes that “cities are killing us”he concluded that “the absence of planning” is one “of the great challenges facing urban populations.” That’s where Knowles ideas shine more. “I believe, without any doubt, that a largely populated city is the best place to live in most cases both for my own good and for that of the planet,” The journalist concluded After visiting more than half a dozen countries. Moreover, “there is no good reason for the sustainable option – living in an apartment or in a good -sized attached house in a neighborhood that can walk, bike and use public transport to move – it has to be so expensive and, on the contrary, live in a huge single -family house and use huge amounts of natural resources is the cheapest option.” This sounds a bit difficult to implement. And Knowles agree. In fact, as repeatedly defends, we do not have to reproduce Tokyo on each part of the planet. “Nor do we have to start to pieces the highways or impose draconian norms such as the Singapore enrollment lottery.” Even so, there is one thing that can be done to get cities Be healthier sites to live: Reorient the incentives towards the purpose they should have. There are hundreds of ideas. French taxes on cars according to weight, the Dutch reform to give priority to pedestrians or london congestion rates. It is definitely to realize that people take centuries Trying to go to live to the cities; that, in fact, they are doing it faster and faster; And that, surely the measure with a more transformative impact today would be to turn those cities into good places to live. Image | Chris Czermak | Yeh Xintong In Xataka | The cities with skyscrapers are not the panacea. They contaminate more than those of middle heights (such as Paris)

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