In 1995, a Peugeot 205 GTI crashed in Sweden. Then began a world revolution in road safety

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It is estimated that 9,344 people died in traffic accidents in Spain in 1989. It was a real barbarity and a historical peak that, luckily, it seems that is far from repeating. These last ten years, Spain has moved among the 1,145 deceased in 2023 and 1,873 of 2014. They are still too many and a problem that several countries have tried to address. One of them was Sweden, which in the 90s proposed the ambitious goal of ending road deaths on their roads. His plan was baptized as ‘Vision Zero’, and it is something that has not only been exported to the rest of the world, but has changed the way in which manufacturers and authorities address both the construction of vehicles and roads. The accident that changed everything. In BBC Podemos read The case that convinced the Swedish authorities to start raising better road safety measures. A car crashed near an exit ramp when I was on its way to Ikea. The accident occurred against a concrete post that protected a lamppost and fulfilled its function for furniture, but caused the five passengers to lose their lives. At that time of 1995, Claes Tingvall had already been promoted to the Head of Road Safety of the Swedish Administration and remembers two things: that driving a three -door Peugeot 205 GTI and that, with the wet road and surely due to the speed of the vehicle They did Aquaplaing. The limits of security. At that time, vehicle security technology focused on what he baptized as “measures to mitigate the second impact.” Manufacturers focused on safety measures such as better children, airbags and safety belts. Come on, passive measures that, in addition, did not take into account what happened outside the vehicle (such as pedestrians or obstacles). Tingvall told BBC that it was insufficient, since “the car cannot solve everything” and realized that road deaths from traffic accidents were a mixture between the car itself, driver’s behavior, the safety features of the safety of vehicle and road conditions. Measures. In fact, Tingvall believes that the authorities were responsible. The reason was that, when he went to the transport authority to ask what would be done after the accident, he was answered that they would quickly replace the concrete with … a new one. It was not enough, so Tingvall demanded to eliminate all these posts and create “clear areas” on the sides of the roads so that, if someone leaves, does not clash against a wall. The authorities were not very convinced, since this would be to admit that the road design was wrong. In addition, all criminal punishments were focused on the reckless driver, but little by little they convinced that something should change and raised a new road safety approach called … ‘Vision Zero‘. Swedish road of 2+1 ‘Vision Zero’. “How many deaths should we have a long -term objective?” That was the question that Tingvall’s policy and Minister of Infrastructure made to the official. His response was: “zero.” It is something that caught the minister to her surprise, but the movements to achieve this utopian target with a bill presented in the Swedish Parliament in 1997 began. The objective was to have zero deaths on the road and was something that involved not only cars drivers and manufacturers, but also the authorities. A clause was very clear in this, since officials could no longer design roads for idealized drivers that are never distracted or exceed the limit. Said like this: “If road users do not properly assume their part of responsibility, for example, due to the lack of knowledge or skills, or if personal injuries occur or there is a risk that they occur for other reasons, system designers must take measures additional to prevent people from dying or suffering serious injuries. “ “Do not pretend that there are laws that you know that everyone will comply with. You would never do that in aviation or in other areas where you really care about security ” – Claes Tingvall Strategies. Ok, the theory is fine, but what does ‘Vision Zero’ imply? The project is based on the maximum that life and health can never be exchanged for other benefits for society and support In four principles: Ethics: Road safety is a responsibility and no death or serious injury due to a traffic accident should be considered inevitable. Responsibility: Both system designers (which includes authorities, engineers and legislators) and road users share responsibility for road safety. Security: the human errors are inevitableso the system must be designed to minimize the consequences of these errors. Change You have to promote better systems, strategies, infrastructure and speed limits to reduce the probability of fatal accidents. Roads 2+1. Within these strategies when designing roads, programs such as “Roads 2+1” come into play. Its name can be enigmatic, but basically it is roads that are not highways/highways, but they have three lanes. Thus, there is a lane in the direction, but also a central one that is the one that is used alternately to advance, reducing the probability of a frontal collision. This is something that minimizes driver’s frustration, maneuvers such as “look” to see if you can advance and also reduce the amount of insecure maneuvers we perform on the road. It is something that is already being tested in several countries, including Spain with cases like that of the National 121-A in Navarra. And roundabouts. Another measures that proposes This strategy is one that is extremely common in European countries, but not so much in others such as the United States. And those are, for some, complicated roundabouts. The reasoning is simple: at a crossroad, there is always a route in which the speed is greater than in which it is crossed, so it is easier for there to be accidents. In a roundabout, although there may also be a mess due to the use of lanes and intermittent, all who approach the roundabout and circulate within it must … Read more

What is the ‘wounded man’, the most unfortunate creature of the entire Middle Ages: sick, beaten and sewn to Sabblazos

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No matter what happened to you, how bad the week has gone, if you are exhausted after climbing and lowering boxes during a move, you have injured yourself, you have a fever, you have given positive in Covid or yesterday you cut the piss while cooking. No matter how bad that you find yourself and a lot that you suffer is impossible that you are worse than the ‘Wounded man ‘. If there is a unfortunate character in history, one mistreated to the limit, that is him. Nor the Biblical Job. My Héctor dragged by Achilles. Not Julio César with The gross frame dagger. He Wounded man It is the most suffering creature of creation for a very simple reason: it was created for that, to suffer, to support all the hardships imaginable by medieval minds. And yet there we see it in the codices of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with resigned expression, almost unstimated. The wounded man? Exact. It is probably one of the most unfortunate names (and also one of the least original) in the history of humanity; But thus, ‘wounded man’ (‘Wound Man’), is how the diagram is known that for centuries, approximately Between the XV and XVIalthough some outstanding examples can also be found The XVIIillustrated the surgery manuals. The term says it all. The injured man was a representation in which the aesthetic and medical criteria were combined to basically show that: an “injured man.” Although saying so is to fall short. The character was a compendium of catastrophes, a creature that gathered all kinds of injuries, infections and various ailments. Virtually all misfortunes that fit in a medieval mind. Eejmplo of wounded man collected in a treaty of the Wellcom Collection. A pistoning with legs. If it is true that saying that a picture is worth a thousand words, the injured man is his greatest exponent. The figure is not only “injured.” If we showed us the portrait of a real staff, of flesh and blood, it is most likely to be unable to stand up. Not all versions are the same, but usually the injured man used to be crossed by swords, daggers, spears and arrows (some look, others have the cut tip), beaten by garrotes, full of blood cuts and with thorns stuck in the feet. Is there more? Yes. They have also bitten snakes and dogs, has run into poisonous toads and have chopped bees and scorpions. And the above is only ‘skin outside’. Inside the panorama was not much better. The images show it full of bubones that suggest that it has contracted the plague and with smallpox marks. In A particularly ruthless example of the wounded man, prepared in the XV and that today is preserved in the funds of the London’s Wellcom Collection, he is seen with a curtured penis while one of his testicles has an aspect that invites us to think that he suffers a venereal. A medieval celebrity. Today your image may surprise us (or even look exotic), but in its day, during the low Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age, the wounded man was a relatively popular topic in European medical treaties. Jack Hartnellprofessor of the Univerisity of East Anglia and who has dedicated him several Essayscalculate that it has been found at least A dozen of examples in medieval manuscripts and more than twenty manuals printed in the modern age. And those are just known cases. Wounded man preserved in a xylography in the Wellcomo collection. A long (and extensive) trip. “The first known versions appeared at the beginning of the XV in books on the surgical trade, particularly in works by southern Germany related to the famous surgeon Würzburg Ortolf von Baierland,” says Hartenell in An article Posted in Public Domain Review. Interestingly, despite his battered appearance, the injured man survived the fifteenth century, the Middle Ages and the handwritten codices and sneaked into the manuals created with The new technology of printing. In 1497 we found him on the cover of a book on Strasbourg Surgery and In 1678 We can still observe it in the pages of the ‘Full Speech of the Wounds’, of the London surgeon John Browne. The wounded man lived enough to mistreat him with new weapons, not only spears, swords, daggers, arrows and clubs. In 1517 the German military surgeon Hans von Gerdorff included a version in Your field manual in which he saw how the unfortunate man was shot with cannon bullets to the hands and legs. And what exactly did it serve? Good question. Difficult response. And the reason is that its meaning, its role, the purpose it had in the surgical manuals that it illustrated, could vary over time. They recognize it From the well collection, custodian of one of the most fascinating versions that are preserved, the only English specimenincluded in a medical treaty in the late XV. “Its exact purpose is still somewhat mysterious, but presumably served as a reminder of the wounds to which the human body is prone,” He recounts The British institution. At least in some of the first versions, the injured man was accompanied by numerous annotations related to each of his injuries, sometimes more or less extensive texts accompanied by figures, which reinforces his role as a diagram. “A human index”, In words of Hartnell. In the ‘Das Buch der Clurgia’, 1497 manual, we already see it however Free of annotations. Example extracted from a Strasbourg Treaty of 1519. Art or science? Its extensive trajectory and those changes over time has led to different interpretations about what its exact use could be. Hartnell points out, for example, that at least in his first versions he served as a didactic guide, a conductive thread of the manual that facilitated its handling to the surgeon. In A German specimen From the XV we see the character surrounded by numbers and phrases, each related to a different ailment (a sablazo, a bite, an arrow … Read more

Philips was the second largest chips manufacturer on the planet. Now it is out of a market led by its creation: ASML

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What we have promised you in the head of this article is strictly true. As Marc Hijink explains in his highly recommended and fresh out of the oven ‘Focus: The Asml Way’during the decade of the 70s of the last century Philips was the second largest manufacturer of semiconductors of the world. The leader in this market at that time was the American company Texas Instrumentsbut the Dutch firm had a long career in the field of innovation and technological development. In the early 70th Philips had more than 400,000 employees, and approximately 90,000 worked in the Netherlands. At that time his business was mainly held on The design and manufacture of televisionsradios, medical equipment, appliances and lighting solutions. His Porfolio was not but that nothing wrong, although his true strength was that absolutely everything was designed and manufactured within Philips. Today this strategy would be impracticable. Anyway, if we stick to the production of integrated circuits, the interesting thing is that the lithography equipment used at that time had also been devised and manufactured by engineers of the company itself. In fact, its first flirting with the semiconductors dates back to the late 50s of the last century. At that time the Philips Board of Directors realized of the enormous potential the chips had And he decided to create several research centers, as well as collaborate with technological universities and laboratories. ASML is the result of an inspired alliance During the decades of the 60s and 70th Philips was already a great technological emporium. In the early 80s he had acquired a lot of experience in the field of semiconductor manufacturing, but the industry sued smaller and capable chips. These requirements represented a technical challenge for company engineers who were responsible for the design of photolithography equipment, so in 1984 the Philips directive dome made a very important decision: he decided to associate with the Dutch company ASM International (Advanced material semiconductor). Currently all companies that produce advanced semiconductors have in their plants the UVP or ASML UVE machines The purpose of this alliance was to take advantage of Philips’s extensive experience in the set -up Design and manufacture avant -garde photolithographic equipment. The result of this collaboration was the birth of ASML (Advanced Materials Semiconductor), the Dutch company that leads the production industry of these machines thanks to the enormous success that their teams have had extreme ultraviolet lithography (UVE). Currently all companies that produce advanced semiconductors have in their plants the machines of deep ultraviolet lithography (UVP) or extreme ultraviolet asml. Some of them are TSMC, Samsung, Intel, SK Hynix, Micron Technology, SMIC or UMC. However, once we have reached this moment it is reasonable that we ask ourselves why Philips is no longer a relevant actor in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry. In ‘Focus: The Asml Way’Marc Hijink tells us that after the creation of Asml Philips he settled. Its chips factories lost competitiveness and little by little they ceased to be able to develop the semiconductors required by the market. Jon Yu, the person in charge of the Newsletter The Asianometrysuggests essentially the same During the conversation who has maintained with Ben Thompson, the author of the interesting publication Stratechery. “As they count on ASML, Philips failed. It was a company with Too much bureaucracy and too much clinging to their customs. It is something similar to what happened with the Japanese in the 90s. Philips had already fulfilled his cycle and deserved to conclude, although he apparently sold his participations too soon. “It is a pity. And it is because there is no doubt that in the Current situation to Europe would have two leading companies in semiconductors. * Some price may have changed from the last review Image | ASML BIBLIOGRAPHY | ‘Focus: The Asml Way’by Marc Hijink More information | The Asianometry In Xataka | 2024 has been a year full of uncertainty for chip designers. So much that the market has changed leader

The copita before sleep to reconcile the dream has a very high price. And goes beyond empty calories

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Alcohol is something cultural. We provide as a way to celebrate any event and, although it seems that new generations have given a Volantazo to consumption habitsin America, Asia and Europe we drink a lot, a lot of alcohol. So much that The seven countries that lead the list They are European and there are even those who traditionally have a drink – or two – as a tool to reconcile sleep. Ignoring Other implications in our body And overlooking the alleged benefit because it acts as a sedative, making us reconcile the dream before, the studies confirm that drinking alcohol to sleep is a terrible idea. Well. It is curious, but for a while, “there was the idea that drinking in moderation was good for health.” Are the words to National Geographic by Ian Colrain, president and director of a research institute that he has published various studies about insomnia and alcohol consumption before sleeping. Now, it may seem exaggerated, but popular culture is full of references to how a suck of alcohol before sleep is beneficial. Also, the advertising He took care of this, just as there were studies that claimed that tobacco was Well. It is always interesting to look where the financing of these studies comes from. But well, Colrain completed his speech commenting that the approach had changed thanks to the studies, pointing out that “there are no real health benefits in drinking.” And that includes fighting insomnia. Cup before sleeping. Insomnia is a problem for millions of people. Although the idea we have to ‘sleep well’ is related to ‘sleep of the pull’, It seems that it is a myth and that we are entering and leaving the different stages of sleep. Even waking us several times during the night without realizing. But reconciling the dream, as we say, is a problem and a nuisance, something that there are adults who seek to remedy with a drink before sleeping. AND No milkprecisely. Although it is demonstrated that Coffee, alcohol and tobacco are our enemies When we want to fall asleep, among many othersColrain argued that, although many seems to have a good idea before bedtime, the price to pay is a worse quality in sleep. Sleep worse. Logic seems overwhelming: a -o some- drinks before sleeping can have a sedative effect, which helps us reconcile the dream before when we get into bed. The problem is that, although there are sleep -related myths, which is a repairing activity is not one of them. In fact, in sleep deprivation experiments that have been carried out with animals, Most die After a month. “The dream is designed to provide us with a kind of heart holiday, reducing heart rate or blood pressure,” said Colrain. The problem is that “with alcohol, the heart rate rises and, if you take several glasses before bedtime, you will go to bed with a high heart rate.” How many glasses are necessary. In a study Published in 2021, Colrain and his team compared the effects of high, low and zero consumption in alcohol from half an hour to two hours before bedtime. High supposed four drinks for men and three for women; Bajo were two drinks for men and one for women. The group that took placebo ingested without alcohol. What they discovered was that both high and low consumption increased heart rate. Others studies They have focused on ReM sleep, which is the phase in which most dreams occur and it is a fundamental part of those “vacation for the organism” that we have during the night. If that ReM dream does not fulfill its purpose, We will wake up worse. Not a single test. Researchers and sleep doctors have argued in recent years that there is no evidence that any amount of alcohol improves sleep quality. As we say, what they have discovered is that, although drinks may help us sleep more deeply due to the aforementioned sedative effect, Rem sleep cycles are going to be constantly interrupted during the night, so you will really have slept worse. Irony. In the long run -although it depends on the person, since each one metabolizes alcohol in a different way -alcohol can produce precisely the opposite. Sleep disorders have been related to alcohol consumption, which forms a vicious circle in people who have left alcohol. According to Colrain, “sleep disorders are a clear route of relapse” by making people who have depends again on the promise of that better dream thanks to the cup before sleeping. Solutions. Obviously, they are not in alcohol. For years, science has tried to answer the question of How to fall asleep fasterwith multitude of tricks and strategies. The problem is that there is no clear answer. Colrain told National Geographic that something we can do is drink a glass of milk or an infusion without tein or caffeine. It also helps to have routines with the same schedule every day before sleep and we can Listen to a podcastbut nothing too lively like one of crimes. And, of course, forget a copazo before going to bed. Images | Jeff Siepman, Solving Healthcare In Xataka | There is an optimal way to control our alcohol consumption (at least according to this group of scientists)

France has thousands of kilometers of unused train tracks. So you are covering them with solar panels

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Solar panels and wind turbines have placed us in a complicated decision: aesthetics or generating electricity? Beyond Impact on living beings of the environment in which these renewable projects are installed, it is undeniable that They have a huge visual impact. That’s why, New transparent solar panels for windows or hide them on roads They sound like a great idea. In Switzerland they have developed a project for Place solar panels on the train tracksand now France has copied the idea. Invisible panels. With the name of ‘Solveig Project’, the French rail operator SNCF It has developed, through its Arep subsidiary, a project to create a solar plant that can be deployed on the roads that the company controls. They explode about 32,000 kilometers of lines, so, if the project is successful, the potential is huge. The idea is simple, but ingenious: take advantage of the rails to install solar panels, while batteries and investors are stored in modular containers. For now, Solveig is a pilot project that has started with the installation of eight solar panels at the Achères Technical Center, where they will be tested for six months. Facilities. Having a storage solution such as containers, which include investors and batteries, it is possible for the company to transport these assets as far as it is needed. It also facilitates their installation. As Comment the Director of Innovation of AREP to PV Magazine, the development of a photovoltaic panel transport system through ISO containersas well as its installation on the roads, “it facilitates both the deployment of the panels and the reversibility of the installation.” The operation does not require a complex installation, since a mechanical arm is responsible for downloading the panels, which are subsequently fixed to the tracks to prevent the wind from moving them. And, being temporary, does not require foundations. In addition, the containers are modular and the rail infrastructure is not compromised. Self -consumption. The idea is that this solar solution feeds the internal consumption needs of SNFC, as well as local uses around the facilities. The potential is gigantic, but, although AREP considers that it is possible to export this solution to both Europe and the rest of the world, we must wait to see the results of the pilot project. In addition, the idea would be to implement this system in out -of -service railways, all to add energy to the network that operates SNCF, since 80% of the national trains of the same work with electricity. In addition, he has the commitment To deploy 1,000 MW for 2030, and fill the panel tracks would be a good support. Next steps. The following steps of the Solveig project will focus on improving system efficiency and reducing costs to make it viable on a large scale. Although there is still no definite calendar for industrialization, the potential is evident: SNCF has more than 113,800 hectares of operational land that could become authentic solar parks over rails. In short, if the project gives good results, it is only a matter of time before more countries are uploaded to this new “train” of renewable energy. And, speaking of Switzerland, they are very committed to not shaving their green fields and, apart from the panels on the train tracks, also They are installing them on road walls. We just hope this experiment Do not leave like the one on the solar roadalso in France. Images | SNCF, Arep In Xataka | The bats of Spain live times of uncertainty. The reason, according to the CSIC: the wind turbines

Mediamark has discounts on Samsung televisions and sound bars, Logitech headphones and more during the weekend

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Mediamarkt usually combines several offers campaigns, so many of the devices it sells are at a very good price. This is what happened (again) during their campaigns TECNO LOVERS and 15% extra applieda duo of campaigns in which we can find very good discounts on devices ranging from TVs and Samsung sound bars to Logitech gaming headphones. Samsung Q64D by 548.25 eurosa QLED TV that comes with a very good 65 -inch screen. Google Pixel 9 by 699 eurosone of Google’s best mobiles with a good 22%discount. Logitech G G733 by 109 eurosgaming headphones with good autonomy and very good audio quality. Samsung HW-Q990D/ZF by 747.15 eurosa very complete sound bar that comes with wireless subwoofer and a pair of rear speakers. Sandisk Extreme Portable SSD by 139 eurosa Portile SSD that has a capacity of 2 TB. Samsung Q64D Lately we are watching many offers on large -screen televisions (usually 65 and 75 inches). During the two Mediamarkt campaigns, we can find the model Samsung Q64D by 548.25 eurosa good price considering that it rides a 65 -inch qled screen. In addition to this, it offers a 4K UHD resolution, it is compatible with HDR10+ (Adaptive)comes with the film director and is compatible with Alexa. * Some price may have changed from the last review Google Pixel 9 The same goes for Google mobiles. During these last months, all the most recent models have been going down (from the last generation, above all, but also others of the previous one). Now, in Mediamarkt we have the Google Pixel 9 by 699 eurosa quite interesting price considering that it comes with an excellent 6.3 -inch screen, which offers good performance and that It will have many years of Android updates. * Some price may have changed from the last review Logitech G G733 If you are looking for good gaming headphones, that are wireless and also have a most competitive price, Logitech G G733 They are currently one of the best purchase options, and all this is thanks to the fact that they have dropped price at Mediamarkt Hastsa 109 euros. They are wireless gaming headphones that offer an autonomy of up to 29 hours, also offer a very good audio quality and are Compatible with computers and consoles Thanks to Dongle USB * Some price may have changed from the last review Samsung HW-Q990D/ZF If your TV is a bit just in quality and audio power (something normal in input and mid -range models, but sometimes also in the high range), a good sound bar comes as a ring to the finger. If you are looking for something powerful at a very good price, the Samsung HW-Q990D/ZF has dropped from 1,399 euros to 747.15 euros. It comes with a wireless subwoofer and with two rear speakers, it is compatible with Dolby Atmos, It has wifi connectivity and offers a 656W power. * Some price may have changed from the last review Sandisk Extreme Portable SSD Have a hard drive or, better yet, a SSD unit Portable is interesting if we want to have files, photos and videos always by hand. There are many portable SSD units, but now one of the most interesting is the Sandisk Extreme Portable SSD because it has dropped to the 139 euros. It has a storage capacity of 2 TB, offers speeds of up to 1,050 MB/Sy has IP65 certification. Sandisk Extreme Portable SSD * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Mediamarkt and Buyadicción (header), Samsung, Google, Logitech and Sandisk In Xataka | The best mobiles, we have tried them and here are their analysis In Xataka | Best sound bars in quality price. Which to buy and seven recommended models from 140 euros

Years ago Mexico opted to offer longer school days for children. Caused an increase in divorces

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A time ago a group of economists from the University of Tennessee It was done A peculiar questionfor the concepts and ideas that combines and also its implications: does the school’s school day influence The divorce rate parental? If the time children spend at school clearly affects To the dynamics of the families, conditioning as basic aspects as the hours of adults for other tasks, does that factor interfere with the couple’s breakdown? And if so, how? And why? After crossing school data and separations recorded for several years in Mexico, the experts reached A curious conclusion: The expansion of school days or have greater access to schools with extended schedules does seem to affect divorce rates. It increases them. School Conference (and something else). Over the years articles (many) have been published on how the different school day models They affect To students, their performancehe school abandonment or the “Child Wellness”. The debate It is old and root in a dilemma on which they have run ink rivers: Continuous school day or departure? There are those who ensure that this response has implications that go far beyond the classrooms, such as The gender gapthe Differences of opportunities or family poverty. Click on the image to go to Tweet. A new factor: divorces. María Padilla-Romo, Cecilia Peluffo and Marian Its derivatives: The separations. And they have done it based on a very specific question: how does the expansion of the schooling work affect divorce rates? To find out they basically handle two sources, the statistical records of marriage ruptures and school data on the expansion of the school day in the public primary schools. In Mexico they found databases for both fronts, so the country ended up becoming its particular (and huge) laboratory. The data they obtained and interpretation have just reflected them in An essay Posted in Journal of Public Economics. But what did they analyze? The researchers took advantage of a phenomenon that played in their favor: the “Large -scale expansion” of the model of Full -time school (Full-Time Schools, or etc, with a “Extended Day” of Between six and eight hours) In Mexican municipalities from 2007 to 2016. To be more precise, economists resorted to census data from the monitoring of the monitoring Program etc. of the Secretary of Public Education that corresponded to the 2007/2008 academic year, in which It began to applyand 2015/2016. Then they compared the degree of implementation of that program of school day expanded by municipalities and were fixed in women in divorce procedures in each of those locations. In short, they crossed data. The information on marriage ruptures was obtained from the National Institute of Mexican Statistics and Geography (INEGI), where the cases processed between 2000 and 2016 consulted. And the surprise came. After working with the different records, the researchers discovered that there seems to be A marked relationship between the extension of the school day in the primary centers and the ruptures. At least in Mexico. “We found that the expansion of the school day in 3.5 hours causes a significant increase in divorce rates,” explain economists in Your article. “In addition, the effect is increased with each year of exposure from municipalities to full -time schooling.” A well calibrated trend. The experts They go further and share their calculations on the relationship between both factors, broad teaching days and ruptures. “We found that, as a result of an average increase in the availability of etc. of 24 percentage points, the divorce rate increased by 0.041 divorces per 1,000 individuals (an increase of 12.6 in relation to divorces in the municipalities treated in the year prior to the opening of the first etc) “. Moreover, researchers even appreciate that “the effect increases over time” and the increase in the divorce rate is higher when families enjoy the longest teaching days for seven years. “Our main estimates suggest that the availability of ETC It gave rise to 23,119 additional divorces between 2009 and 2016, or approximately 4.7% of the total number of divorces presented during that period of time, ” The study abounds. Its authors also detected another key trend: the longest school days gave rise to greater divorce rates in areas where less traditional social norms overwhelmed on marriage, divorces and female work. Click on the image to go to Tweet. The question: Why? Extend a few hours the time that primary school The article From Padilla-Romo and his companions suggests that it is not. Maybe it’s a few hours, but influence classrooms. And the reason is that this extension of school days is in its own way “an implicit subsidy for children’s care.” Having their children during a broad period in schools – on its website the Mexican government points out that in etc From 8.00 to 16.00 h– Parents have more time. Especially women, in which It regularly falls The care of the offspring. And those hours can use them in working outside their homes, in exchange for a salary that reinforces their economic independence. Although the researchers recognize that the greatest job among women can have other consequences, such as generating “conflicts”, that mothers with an “abusive couple” remain less exposed to it or simply increase the flow of money that enters home, what That facilitates to face the expenses involved in divorce and separation, the researchers suggest that the economic factor is essential to understand the phenomenon. “A disproportionate fraction”. “Mothers and other female members of the family dedicate a disproportionate fraction of their time to the care of children. The longest school days provide them with an increase in their effective time provision, which translates in better opportunities to acquire individual income “, Zanjan The three authors of the study. “As a result, the negotiation positions at home are probable.” “Our results show that the extension of the school day gave rise to higher divorce rates in areas with less traditional social norms on marriage, divorce and the priority of women in jobs, … Read more

We have been looking for the mysterious ancestor town of the Indo -Europeans. We have a new track in DNA

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We know that Latin languages ​​have their common origin in Latin peoples such as the one that ended up forging the Roman Empire. We know that Germanic languages ​​had their origin in the Germanic tribes that at that same time inhabited northern Europe. But these two language families have a common trunk that goes back to prehistory, the language protoindoeuropeo. Now, who spoke this language? CLV. A new study He has discoveredthrough a genetic analysis in several archaeological sites in Europe, a new prehistoric group, an archaic society that they have called people of the Caucasus-Bajo Volga or CLV (Caucasus-Lower Volga). As the study concludes, this town could be linked to the protoindo -European language and with Its expansion. The protoindoeuropeo. The protoindoeuropeo (foot) language is the “common ancestor” of numerous contemporary languages, including Spanish and the rest of languages ​​spoken in the Peninsula (except Basque). A list that includes from English to Persian, through Russian and Greek. It is estimated that about half of the world population speaks languages ​​with this origin. This language would have been the speech of one or more prehistoric peoples of the border region between Europe and Asia. The migrations starring this group would have given rise to the speakers of this language ending their linguistic imprint in much of Eurasia. And more than linguistics, also genetics. From Yamnaya to Clv. Genetics had already given us important clues about these peoples, allowing us The so -called Yamnaya culturea population that would have inhabited the steppes north of the Caspian between the years 3,300 and 2,600 before our era. These analyzes had focused on this culture as probable vector of Indo -European expansion around the year 3,100 aec But there was a problem with its own name: the Anatolias languages, a group of languages ​​already extinct among which was included, for example, the hitita. These languages ​​would have been the first to break down from the common Indo -European trunk, before acquiring “steppe features.” This implied that this separation would have occurred before the arrival of Yamnaya culture and that there should be a protoindo -European group prior to this from which both anatolias languages ​​arose and those that would later derive in the Greek, Latin or Celta. Now, the new Study points to the people of the CLV as possible common ancestors of both. More than 4,000 years ago. All thanks to genetics. The new work studied the DNA of 435 individuals found in various archaeological sites in Eurasia, covering a period between the years6,400 and 2,000 AEC the details of the study were broken down In an article Posted in the magazine Nature. Missing link. Genetic analysis pointed out that Yamnaya’s group would have inherited about 80% of its ancestry of the CLV population, which in turn would have legacked about 10% of its ancestry to the anatolians. This makes this mysterious group the common ancestors of the populations that initiated the expansion of Indo -European languages ​​during the Copper Age. In Xataka | Looking for money, they found gold: this was Dmanisisis Gora, the megafortiness of the Caucasus built 3,000 years ago Image | XVODOLAZX / Denis Vitchenko

After tariffs to the electric car, China has a “Troy horse” to win the European market: combustion

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At the end of October last year, the European Union applied the Chinese electric car tariffs. From that moment, the cars that entered the European ports had to face rates that depended on the company that exported the vehicle. We must wait to see how the industry faces this change at a time when China was betting hard on Europe. But what is clear is that, beyond the electric car, China has a plan B to follow flooding the European Cars Union: The combustion engine. Tariff mess. They are not really “tariffs”, but “compensatory rights”, according to The European Commission. As much as they are, they are levies that apply to importation with one objective: protect their own market. Each manufacturer has an additional tariff and 35.3% is not the same to SAIC cars, 18.8% to Geely or 7.8% to Tesla. Before applying tariffs, China marked the goal of following Invading Europe with their carsbut regardless of increasing exports, the Asian giant took other measures. For example, one Research against European Porka very consumed product in the country that matters from Europe and that would affect several countries, especially Spain. It could also rareproduct that dominates and is vital for the development of practically all industries. Neighborhood discussion. These pressures have paid off, and an example is Spanish. Spain, initially, was in favor of the European measure, but after China’s threats, The Spanish position was relaxing. Germany too I was on that ship Because your trade with China It is key in this segment. On the contrary that France, fearful that Byd or Mg take away market share of their Peugeot, Citroën or Renault, which have little presence in China. The Troy Phev. However, something key in this whole issue is that tariffs have the Chinese electric car as a goal. That is, the 100%electric, leaving aside other electrification variants that remain important in a European market with countries where the loaders are not so developed. And, there, it is where China has a weapon to continue filling the territory of own production cars. Plug -in hybrids, or Phev, are an alternative strategy of the country. Not being taxed with the same tariffs, manufacturers can expand in the European market showing its technology, design and competitive prices. An example is cars that are plug -in hybrids in practice, but electric in theory. Jaecoo 7, for example, has gasoline and plug -in hybrid versions The limits of hybridization. He Mazda MX-30for example, it is a car that always prioritizes electric mode. It does not pull the combustion engine until it lacks enough energy in the battery to move the car, but the combustion engine is not dedicated to moving the wheels when it has to act, but to produce electricity that is stored in the battery, this being this the one used to move the wheels. Catl, Eminence in battery technologya few months ago a Battery with an autonomy of 400 kilometers and fast charge. But not for a 100%electric, but for a hybrid. It is like a 2.0 plug that, in practice, has a combustion engine, even if it is not used for the conventional purpose. Pure and hard combustion. In addition to technology, the point in favor of Chinese manufacturers is the price. Brands like byd and Mg have entrance hybrids to significantly lower prices than those of the competition. But there is life beyond electrification and, although China is Pushing Strong by the passage to these “new energies” inside and outside their borders, if you have to adapt to avoid tariffs, they can do it with several models of pure and hard combustion. He MG ZS Combustion It is an example. It was one of the gasoline cars best selling in Spain During last year. There are more players in this market, and omoda is an example. He arrived in Spain last year And it has expanded rapidly with dealers in which there are electric, hybrid and combustion cars. Jaecoo also has cars exclusively with combustion, such as Jaecoo 7and that is where the potential of Chinese companies is to gain market share by alternative roads to that of the Full Electric. Don money. Apart from the strategy for hybrids, when tariffs were already on the horizon, it was speculated with strategies by China to manufacture in Europe and dodge these tariffs. The idea was to assemble the critical pieces of cars in Chinese factories, disassemble it and take it to European factories, where they would reassemble to shape the final car. A kind of Lego that was not official and that, from Europe, it was said that it would not serve to dodge tariffs. But it is clear that what is working so that some countries have relaxed their position are economic pressures. Apart from the threats already commented, Chinese companies have been getting important plants to make cars. For example, Chery was done with the Nissan factory in Barcelona (What he gave A second life to Ebro). But during the last votes, They delayed their plans. And not only in Spain, Also in Italywhere they were going to make important investments. Meanwhile, Chinese companies continue to erre with their strategy to fill Europe with their cars. Despite tariffs, we see that giants like Byd continue to get ships huge that allow to continue maintaining the rhythm of exports. It is a very juicy market with Germany betting on electrification, Norway being the King of Cotarro and territories as the Netherlands in which China has land to conquer. Image | Engin Akyurt In Xataka | The EU has insisted on making the jump to the electric car: ten advantages of staying in a plug -in hybrid

The world’s largest elevator has more space than many floors in Tokyo

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The skyscrapers have obsessed us for centuries. There are plenty of examples like The Italian Manhattan almost 1,000 years ago, Manhattan herselfthe Burred that rose in China or what is erecting in Dubai. Whenever the construction of a new skyscraper is announced, something that comes to mind is: and the elevators … what? They are elements that can go unnoticed, but that is something that does not happen to huge elevator of the Jio World Center tower. Not only is it the largest elevator in the world, but it has the small floor size and capacity for more inhabitants than many PEOPLES OF SPAIN EMPTY. But it is not the only hyperascensor that attracts attention. A bus without wheels. This elevator has no its own name, but, definitely, it deserves it. Created by the Finnish company Kone, the Jio World Center elevator in Mumbai has the capacity to house up to 235 people simultaneously. It is an absolute barbarity that has been designed to offer a transport as comfortable as possible for those who use it. Not only does the decoration attract attention, with large windows and a sophisticated roof with design lamps, but it has its own ventilation system so that the route is as pleasant as possible even at maximum load. The elevator floor also has a very careful pattern and we only miss the occasional sofa to rest. Space is left over, of course. Huge. Because the dimensions are recorded, with its weight of 16 tons and its surface of 25.78 m². It has several access doors to expedite the flow of users and the windows serve to have passengers have a panoramic view of both the convention center in which it is located and its gardens. It only operates on five floors, but that does not make this elevator a real monstrosity. If you are wondering how the security measures, those responsible announced that the system is supported by 18 pulleys and the cabin moves on rails fixed in steel columns. The goal is for transportation to be as comfortable as possible, without accelerons or brakes. And all this is remotely monitored to avoid dislikes. Your building is not far behind. The elevator is colossal, but its building is no less. He Jio World Center It is a space dedicated to great conventions. It is the largest in India and its exterior and interior design has no waste. Is not the only one. Now, one thing must be clarified: that of the Jio World Center is the largest elevator for people in the world both by weight and charging capacity, but there is a set that has nothing to envy: that of the office building UMEDA JANKYU In Osaka, Japan. Installed in 2010, these are five elevators of about 18 square meters with capacity for 80 people each. Built by Mitsubishi, these elevators have more merit by having more work than that of the Indian Convention Center and transporting almost 400 simultaneous people through 15 plants. The Bailong China, of course. But if you suspected that China, With its mega -structuresI would not have a hyperascensor in any of them, you are right. In fact, it has two. One of them, the Bailongan elevator that runs a height of 326 meters outdoors with capacity for 50 people at the same time and a speed of overwhelming three meters per second. There are three double -floor elevators that operate simultaneously and were inaugurated in 2002. Their views are imposing, since they are next to a cliff. And if we go to the industrialists… just as imposing, due to its capacity, it is the ship’s elevator of the three throats, also in China. It is an elevator that facilitates River traffic on the Yangtsé River and has a load capacity of up to 3,000 tons. Its platform is 120 meters long, 18 wide and 3.5 meters deep. It is a demential structure that raises the ships at a height of 113 meters, an operation that has between 30 and 40 minutes and that, although it seems a lot, is much faster than the traditional system of locks to pass ships from one side to another. Images | KoneJio World Center, NYX NO In Xataka | The B face of the New York skyscrapers: more than 600 kilometers of permanent scaffolds that form bonds of terror

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