Mobile Tech & Gadgets

The future of quantum computers depends on helium-3 from the Moon. There is already a plan to start bringing it in 2029

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Helium is the second lightest and most abundant chemical element in the universe, if we stick to ordinary matter. It is only surpassed in this classification by hydrogen. This noble gas accounts for between 24 and 26% of the total mass of stars, which are also responsible for manufacturing it. fusing hydrogen nuclei inside through the reactions of nuclear fusion that they carry out naturally, and which we talk to you about in quite some depth in the article that we dedicate to the life of the stars. Still, most of the helium in the universe was not made by stars: it was produced by the Big Bang, which is why scientists refer to it as “primordial helium.” But the most curious thing is that, despite how abundant it is in the universe, it is scarce on Earth. Its great lightness caused most of the helium contained in the cloud of dust and gas from which our planet was formed to escape gravitational confinement. Be that as it may, the real protagonist of this article is not the normal helium that we have all heard about; It is helium-3, an isotope that may play a crucial role in nuclear fusion reactions that will possibly help us solve forever our energy problems. And also in other areas, such as, for example, in dilution cooling systems that use superconducting quantum computersas well as other emerging technologies. Interlune plans to test the extraction of lunar helium-3 in 2027 Most of the helium that we can find in the universe has taken the form of an isotope known as helium-4, which is characterized by having two protons and two neutrons in its nucleus. Although, as we have seen, most of it was lost during the formation of the Earth, this gas can also arise as a result of natural radioactive decay of heavier chemical elements, such as uranium, radium or thorium, which are relatively scarce on our planet. The only difference between helium-4 and helium-3 is that the latter isotope has one less neutron in its nucleus. That’s all. We know that helium-4 nuclei have two protons and two neutrons, so helium-3 nuclei will have two protons and a single neutron. It may seem like an irrelevant difference, but it is not. It is a very important difference because the physicochemical properties of the element vary as a consequence of their lower atomic mass. And, in the case of these two isotopes of helium, their behavior also changes from the point of view of quantum mechanics. The solar wind spreads helium-3 throughout the solar system and beyond, causing it to reach surrounding planets in relatively large quantities. The bad news is that if helium-4 is relatively scarce on Earth, helium-3 is even more so. Stars, like our Sun, produce it in large quantities as a result of nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen nuclei that occur when they are in the main sequence stage during which they burn most of their fuel. Once created, the solar wind spreads helium-3 throughout the solar system and even beyond, causing it to reach surrounding planets in relatively large quantities. The reason why this gas hardly accumulates on Earth is that our planet has a double protective shield: the atmosphere and the Earth’s magnetic field. These two barriers represent a very effective defense against the solar wind and cosmic radiation, which reaches the atmosphere mainly in the form of protons and high-energy alpha particles. The Moon, unlike the Earth, has no atmosphere, so it lacks this protective shield. Additionally, its magnetic field is much weaker than Earth’s and is not dipolar. The terrestrial, on the other hand, can be approximated to a magnetic dipole, so the magnetic field lines are directed from the north pole to the south pole. All this causes the surface of the Moon to be much more exposed to cosmic rays and the solar wind than the surface of the Earth, causing very significant quantities of helium-3 transported by the solar wind to accumulate there, which is deposited in rocks and lunar dust, a few meters deep. Up to a million tons of regolith need to be processed to obtain a single kilogram of helium-3 The first challenge that humanity will have to solve to appropriate the helium-3 accumulated on the Moon is none other than the processing of lunar regolithwhich is the loose layer of soil and rock fragments that covers the surface of the satellite. Interlune, a company founded in Seattle (USA) in 2020, plans to extract the regolith and process it using compact harvesting robots that, according to this company, are very efficient. The problem is that lunar dust is very abrasive, and, in addition, up to a million tons of regolith must be processed to obtain a single kilogram of helium-3. Even so, this company plans to test the extraction of this isotope with a lunar mission in 2027, and in 2029 it intends to build a pilot plant on the Moon. It sounds good, but a priori these dates seem excessively optimistic. Additionally, it is still unclear how much it will cost to transport lunar helium-3 to Earth using space vehicles. Be that as it may, we can be sure that it will not be easy or cheap to do so. Image | Pixabay More information | Quantum Insider In Xataka | Graphene is ready to break into quantum computers: scientists plan to use it in a new type of qubit

In addition to Gold and Rare Earth China has an ace in the sleeve to lift its economy: old orange peels

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We knew that the Chinese nation was not going wrong with The “Gold Fever” of the 21st centurysomething similar in terms of mining fever unleashed in California in the mid -nineteenth century, but without the dazzling element so precious and marked by rare earths. However, if what is about “pure gold”, they were not badly assorted after finding One of the biggest giant gold deposits. In fact, China has “Gold” even in trees. Xinhui’s gold. This enclave, a seemingly ordinary district in the city of Jiangmen, province of Guangdong, has turned this part in the epicenter of a lucrative industry based on something that a priori should not have great value: The aging tangerine peels, known there as Chenpiand whose production and commerce have transformed the local economy. In the background: some peels valued by their medicinal and culinary properties, an element that can reach astronomical prices, coming to be sold for $ 9,650 around 500 gramswhich reflects its status as a precious asset both in traditional Chinese medicine and in luxury gastronomy for elites. Historical origins and benefits. CNN counted last week in a large report that the use of Chenpi in traditional Chinese medicine dates back to the Song dynasty (1127-1279)with records that highlight its properties to strengthen the spleen, improve digestion and benefit the respiratory system. In that sense, the shells, scientifically called citri reticulatae pericarpium, contain antioxidants and flavonoids With potential for stabilize blood pressure and prevent obesity. And from all places, the Xinhui region, located at the confluence of the Xijiang and Tanjiang rivers, offers unique soil and water conditions that enrich the peaks with a higher micronutrient content than those grown in other areas. That said, to be considered Authentic Chenpithe shells must undergo an annual drying process for the sun for at least three years, being carefully stored for the rest of the time. Typology. Exist even Four main types of Chenpi According to the time of the harvest: those of green peels, collected before maturation, those of second red tangerine peels, collected in November, the large red peels, completely mature in December, and finally those of red shells, harvested after This station, and with a higher sugar content. Industry boom and economic impact. In recent decades, the Chenpi industry has promoted unprecedented economic growth in the Xinhui region. The production of these peculiar shells has turned the region into an economic power, contributing approximately 23,000 million yuan (3.2 billion dollars) in 2023, and Representing a quarter of Jiangmen’s GDP. In this regard, local businessmen like Zhou Zhiweiwho left Hong Kong in the 1990s to return to Xinhui, have played a crucial role in the consolidation of the industry. Zhou, now vice president of the Chenpi Industry Association of Xinhui, says it manages annually around 163 tons of shells, contributing to the Xinhui positioning as the main world producer. Chenpi Chenpi revaluation for elites. In the end, such an exquisite product has ended where other similar ones: in high gastronomy. Here names such as the renowned chef chi wai chef, The Legacy House restaurant In Hong Kong, who has been promoting the incorporation of Chenpi in haute cuisine, exploring its potential beyond traditional medicine. Inspired by his childhood in Xinhui, LI has introduced exclusive menus that highlight the diversity of flavors of the Cenpi according to their age, harvest and origin, emulating the appreciation for the Terroir In the wine industry. Exclusive dishes with the “gold” peel. In fact, in The last gastronomic menu that the chef is offering Com diners can enjoy dishes such as the swim bladder soup with heads with a lamb, made with Chenpi over 50 years, highlighting “its deep flavor and amaderated notes.” Also the mere stew steak with six -year shell “with sweet nuances” thanks to the postin -winter harvest, or the lobster rolls with bamboo straw, accompanied by 13 -year -old shells, which says they contribute a slight flavor to oyster due to its origin in the riverside region of Meijiang. In addition, Li says that It seeks to transform the perception of Chenpishowing that its initial, well -balanced bitterness becomes a sweet and sophisticated taste, symbolizing the relationship between bitterness and sweetness in life, according to the old Chinese proverb. Innovation and future of Chenpi. Chenpi production has evolved over time, with advances in harvesting and storage techniques. Currently, producers use both the shells and the mandarin pulp (previously discarded) to manufacture health and enzyme products. In Xinhui, Initiatives such as Chenpi Villagea cultural and tourist center dedicated to the mandarin peel, reflect those efforts to diversify the industry. In this complex, products such as ice cream, coffee with Chenpi dust and culinary memories are offered, attracting tourists and consolidating that cultural identity of the region. As producer Zhou explained to the CNN When observing the boom of the market, Xinhui has managed to focus and give importance to advanced manufacturing and diversification of Chenpi products, ensuring the sustainability of the long -term sector. A region that has achieved something fascinating: to raise an ingredient as humble as a simple tangerine peel aged in “gold” at all levels, both economic and cultural for the region. Image | Zhionghwaong Sham, Simon Law In Xataka | China has given one of the largest treasures ever found: giant gold worth 83,000 million dollars In Xataka | China still has no avant -garde lithographs. Even so, it is making gold with mature nodes

only for the fastest

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For a few days now, the Galaxy S25 has been a reality. These devices, presented on the 22nd, will hit stores next February, but we can already pre-purchase them. We have them available in several stores, but none can match the advantages and promotions that the official samsung storewhere they are much cheaper and even with a guaranteed gift. Of course, you better hurry, because some of these advantages only have a few days left. We tell you everything about them. This is how Samsung makes money: the secret is in the IPHONE Galaxy S25 and Galaxy S25+ come with the best processor and some key improvements Although this year the S line will have a new member (the S25 Edge), at the moment we have three different models at our disposal. All three have their own characteristics, thus making each user you can have a phone that best suits your needs and your pocket. As usual, The Galaxy S25 and Galaxy S25+ They share many similarities, although they have some quite interesting differences. We will find the first on the screen, since the base model uses a 6.2-inch Dynamic AMOLED 2X panel with FHD+ resolution and the S25+ goes up to 6.7 inches with, yes, higher resolution (QHD+). Both offer a very similar design, with an aluminum frame and protected with Gorilla Glass Victus 2. Another highlight that the two share is their processor, a modified version for Galaxy of the Snapdragon 8 Elite, the most powerful on the market. In addition, both have 12 GB of RAM, the first time that a base model of this line jumps to that capacity. There are also differences between the batteries and wired charging speeds of these two devices. The base Galaxy S25 uses a 4,000 mAh cell with fast charging of up to 25 W, while the other model goes up to 4,900 mAh with faster charging (45 W). The photographic system, however, is identical for both devices: a triple camera system with a 50+10+12 megapixel configuration. The front camera is 12 megapixels. Both phones will be available in seven different colors: navy blue, blue, mint, rose gold, bluish black, coral red and gray, some of them being exclusive to the official Samsung store. Time to talk about all the advantages we have for pre-purchase one of these two devices at Samsung.com. The highlight is the ‘Delivery and Release’ program, thanks to which we can hand in our old phone to receive a direct discount of up to 880 euros. This is in addition to the new ‘Double your storage’ promotion, with which you can buy a higher capacity phone paying the price of the immediately previous one (for example the 512 GB S25+ at the price of the 256 GB model). As always, the cheapest of the new Samsung family is the base S25, which comes at a price of 909 euros in its 128 GB version. Thanks to the aforementioned promotion from before, this same price is what the 256 GB model will have. And be careful, because if when choosing a payment method we choose Bizum, the price of the device will drop by 50 euros up to 859 euros. If we make the purchase before 9 in the morning on January 30, we can receive a free 25 W charger and use an extra discount of 100 euros through the web’s expert chat. Finally, making the purchase through the Samsung app and using the code APPAWIN, we will have a last discount of 10% extra. All this lowers the price of the 256 GB version of the base Galaxy S25 to 683.10 euros. If we haven’t arrived on time, nothing happens: the same code APPAWIN will get us a 5% discount through the app (this last discount will be available until the launch of the device on February 7). All of this is great in itself, but the company has an ace up its sleeve. If we use the code when making the purchase HELLO25we will take home some totally free Galaxy Buds3 Provalued at 249 euros. This code, available until February 7, adds to the possibility of being able to further reduce the price with ‘Delivery and Release’ and to finance the device for up to 36 months at 0% APR. *Some prices may have changed since the last review On the other hand, the Plus model is the one that has the advantages for the fastest. Only until next January 30 at 9 in the morning, we will be able to use the Bizum discount of 50 euros, the 100-euro code and the gift fast charger from the expert chat and 10% through the app using the code APPAWIN. This comes in two capacities (256 and 512 GB), so with ‘Double your storage’ we will get both for the same price, 1,159 euros. There we can apply all the layers that we mentioned above to leave them in 908.10 eurosa real gem. Of course, we can also use the code HELLO25 to get the Buds3 Pro as a gift, finance the device and enjoy a 30% discount for Samsung Care Plus. In this case, if we don’t arrive on time, we can pre-purchase it with the Buds3 Pro as a gift and the possibility of taking advantage of the ‘Double your storage’ program. In both cases we can make the device cheaper with ‘Delivery and Release’. *Some prices may have changed since the last review The best Ultra in history is a bargain in the Samsung store The best of the best from Samsung is, without a doubt, this new S25 Ultra. It is obvious that there is a long way to go, but it is clear that it has more than enough reasons to be one of the best phones of 2025. Its design remains similar to that of the S24 Ultra, although with small changes to make it more manageable. The screen is a spectacle, a 6.9-inch Dynamic AMOLED 2X panel … Read more

How to see or delete everything you have asked artificial intelligence

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Let’s explain How to manage your use history of DeepseekChinese artificial intelligence chat. In this way, you can visit your past conversations with AI to see an answer that would have given you and like it, or simply delete a group of questions so that it does not appear. Like all artificial intelligence chats, Depseek will go keeping everything you write in chats. Each chat is a conversation, and will collect all the questions and answers you have given before starting a new chat or closing the web or the Depseek app. The indications are going to be given in the web version, however, all this You can also do it in the mobile app deploying the lateral column. You will see that everything is quite simple to manage. Manage your Deepseek history The first thing you have to know is that in Depseek you will have several icons on a side. In the web version they will be in A column on the leftand on the mobile it will appear when you press the menu button. Here you will have the option to start a new chat or deploy this column to make it bigger on the web. When you display the bar, you will see All conversations history grouped in chats. In this history above all you will see today, and as you go down you can see the chats of previous days. You can click on any chat of any day, and you will access all the questions and answers you asked Depseek in that conversation. To the right of each chat there is a three -point button that appears when you select it. When you click on it, The option to delete will appear This chat. With this you will be able to clean in your Deepseek history, erasing everything that is not useful or simply what you do not want to appear in your history. The way to manage it will already depend on you. You can also use Rename to change the name of the concrete chat on which you have pressed in the options. By default use as a name the first question you ask, but changing it you can put one that helps you identify it better, or identify a content that you give importance within it. In Xataka Basics | Deepseek: What is it, how does this artificial intelligence work

A solar solution to supply the world with 22 Energy TW

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A recent Ember report explained how Europe had eliminated coal as an energy source in 2024 and gave way to renewable energies, such as solar. In fact, in the same analysis, Spain registered a continuous increase in photovoltaic generation, reaching 21% of its electricity almost double that the European average (11%). So far everything is fine, but this boom of the solar is carrying that alternatives for the installation of panels in other surfaces, such as aquatic. International investigation. A study group, led by Carlos D. Rodríguez-Gallegos, has evaluated The state and potential of floating photovoltaic facilities (FPV) worldwide. For this analysis they have used the largest global database that collects the information of 1,142 commercial FPV systems from 2022. In addition, they took the geographical references of reservoirs, which cover a total area of ​​more than 2.2 million square kilometers. The object of study is to analyze its implementation and performance, in addition to studying advanced configurations such as bifacial panels, inclination angles and monitoring systems. The investigation had contributions from researchers from the You will be Singapore and from the National University of Singapore (NUS), as well as the Polytechnic Higher School of the Litoral de Ecuador, the Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, the Concordia University of Canada and the University ofokin of Australia. Asia, the leader. Almost 90% of the installed floating solar capacity is in the Asian continent and China leads it with almost half of the accumulated capacity. This world predominance is due to favorable, ambitious objectives focused on renewable energy and regulations designed to support the expansion of FPV. Although Asia leads the development of floating solar panels, Africa is also exploring this technology. Zimbabwe advance with a 250 MW plant In the Kariba dam, projecting to reach 1 GW. In Ghana, A 5 MW system In a reservoir it will be expanded to 15 MW, while Cape City, in South Africa, has completed several smaller projects. With abundant sun and limited water resources, Africa seeks to meet your energy needs through these initiatives. Take advantage of water areas. The installation of photovoltaic systems on aquatic surfaces has presented different benefits, according to the study. First, optimization of limited space in areas with scarcity of earth. In addition, FPVs help reduce the evaporation of water in reservoirs and to maintain the temperatures of the lowest solar panels, improving their efficiency. On the other hand, this technology avoids related conflicts about land use. To give an example, in the Swiss Alps, They have demonstrated that these facilities can prosper even in adverse conditions, reaching higher performance regardless of altitude. The study results. From the analysis that the average size of the FPV has increased in the last ten years of 0.09 MW in 2013 to 1.40 MW in 2022, and, in parallel, the average power density has gone from 82 W/m² at 123 w/m². Researchers have identified optimal configurations to maximize electrical performance, such as the use of solar monitoring systems and bifacial panels, which capture the reflected light, thus improving energy generation. In economic terms, FPVs have proven competitive. For example, the project director has signed up for an Indian initiative that achieved a cost of installation of just $ 0.41 per watt, which reinforces the economic viability of this technology against other renewable energy options. However, these facilities also face certain challenges such as the initial cost can be very high by infrastructure. In addition, technology adaptability to different bodies of water (sweet or salty) and logistics complexities can also increase costs. Looking at the high seas. Looking ahead, the research team plans to explore FPV applications on the high seas, investigating its energy potential, innovative designs and the challenges that costs and maintenance present. According to its estimates, covering only 10% of the surface of 249,717 continental reservoirs could generate a capacity of up to 22 TW, sufficient to satisfy all world consumption of electricity and up to 5% of the global water demand. Image | Chn Energy Xataka | China is ready to inaugurate an ambitious floating solar plant. Its objective: solve a big pending problem

takes them to earth

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The great novelty of ‘Alien: Earth’, the Alien series that FX (and therefore, almost safely, here Disney+) will premiere in summer, is that as it is not cut to announce from the first second and the initial teasers, It will pass on the planet Earth. Fans of the long -distance franchise know that it is not a new idea, but the really difficult question to answer is … Is it a good idea? How on earth? The only information about how one or more xenomorphs get to Earth is that of the official synopsis, which takes place two years before what we saw in the foundational ‘Alien: the eighth passenger’: “When a mysterious spacecraft crashes into The land, a young woman and a diverse group of tactical soldiers make a fateful discovery that puts them face to face with the greatest threat of the planet “ They are among us. The creator of the series, Noah Hawley (also creator of ‘Fargo’ or ‘Legion’, that is, unbeatable credentials), has begun to drop clues On what awaits us, that to start it can be in the origin of the Xenomorph: “The funniest thing for me was to commit to the creature, contribute my own ideas to the design without touching the silhouette, which is sacrosananta. But some of the elements , as we know, depending on the host, they report what the final creature is. What kind of creature can the host be to be so scary? A wild animal? Or something beyond what we know? Your first time on Earth? The novelty about the xenomorph on Earth is only relative, because it already flirted or investigated in the idea on previous occasions. With a view to a fifth installment that was never filmed, in ‘Alien: Resurrection’ ended up landing in a devastated, almost deserted land. In comicsminiseries such as ‘Aliens: War against Earth’, ‘Aliens: Genocide’ or ‘Aliens: No Exit’ pass during xenomorphic invasions on Earth, although they do not strictly belong to the classic canon. Finally, the two great ‘Alien vs. Predator ‘pass on Earth, but ‘Prometheus’ and’ Covenant‘They were taken from the canon, so officially belong to a temporary line other than the main series. And is it a good idea? It is a relevant question, although complicated to answer because we still do not know when the xenomorphs will land on Earth. Will it be a post-nuclear and desolate planet, as expected ‘resurrection’ and whose fateful destination other films of the saga refer? Maybe there are mutants and monsters in that moor, of which the monster is used? Are we going to see this summer a ‘rulout’ with xenomorphs? The previous one. ‘Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem ‘came out of his crazy (and very brave) idea of ​​taking the xenomorphs no less than the earth in the present thanks to his absolute shamelessness: it seemed an Italian film of the eighties, more than an official sequel, it is To say, it was more ‘pollution: Alien invades the earth’ than ‘aliens’. (It’s praise). Is it a good idea, in any case? On paper, no: if we lose the claustrophobic atmosphere, retrofuturism and accounts back because the ship is going to explode, perhaps too many defining elements of the franchise are falling. When we have more details about Hawley’s plans, it will be time to comment with property, but for the moment, the beards nerve. Header | Disney In Xataka | The protagonist girl of ‘Aliens’ hates her most iconic phrase: he pursues her from the premiere of the James Cameron classic

Nvidia has lost 400,000 million in market value. The lace has been given by China Depseek

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It is the news of the day. And, perhaps, of the week. The model of artificial intelligence (AI) Open Source Deepseek R1 is causing an earthquake in American technology. And is doing it Due to its open nature. However, your business model is not the only thing that It represents a threat For AI and US semiconductor companies. The most surprising thing is that the infrastructure that Deepseek is relatively modest. To understand with some precision what we are talking about we are interested H100 of Nvidia. The company led by Jensen Huang He is already delivering The first units of his successor, the platform B200as expected, on paper is even more powerful. However, sanctions approved by the US government prevent Nvidia from selling to Your Chinese clients are GPU. Here largely resides the Deepseek rupturist capacity Deepseek’s efficiency and his open nature are convulsing Silicon Valley Chinese companies that are dedicated to developing and training AI models have not been another option to exacerbate ingenuity. We know that many of them continue to buy the most advanced GPUs in NVIDIA through intermediaries and in parallel markets, but possibly they are not doing so in the amounts they need. If we stick to Deepseek according to Financial Times The infrastructure used to train this agglutin model 2,048 chips H800 of Nvidia. And training with 671,000 million parameters has cost 5.6 million dollars. These figures are very restrained. In fact, if they really are reliable, and they seem to be, they would put an unappealable fact on the table: Depseek engineers would have managed to point An extremely competitive AI model with very lower costs than those needed by Openai and Google to develop a model of comparable AI. The H800 GPU is largely responsible for this circumstance. And it is because it was Nvidia’s response to the prohibitions of the administration led by Joe Biden. Nvidia engineers chose to cut the benefits of the H100 GPU with the purpose that the Commerce Department would allow them to sell it in China When the US government prohibited Jensen Huang’s company from giving its Chinese clients its most powerful GPU at that time, the H100 chip, Nvidia engineers chose to cut their benefits with the purpose that the Department of Commerce allowed them to sell it In China. The result was precisely the H800 GPU, which is nothing other than a simplified review, and, therefore, less powerful of the H100 chip. Everything was complicated again on November 16, 2023. And that day the US government approved New sanctions to China that, among other prohibitions, they prevented Nvidia The H800 GPU. Presumably at that time Depseek engineers already had in their hands the H800 chips they needed, although Some analysts defend that, in reality, its infrastructure brings together 50,000 GPU H100 bought through intermediaries. If so, it is evident that the tension held by the US and China would prevent Depseek from recognizing that thousands of illegal chips have in its possession. Whatever the truth is that NVIDIA QuotationMicrosoft, ASML and other large technology companies are falling in a very pronounced way. In fact, the company led by Jensen Huang has lost 400,000 million in market value Given the possibility that Deepseek demonstrates that to put a vanguard IA model, it is not necessary to resort to the most powerful GPUs of NVIDIA or other companies. If this has really been trained only with 2,048 chips H800 OpenAi, Google and other companies will crack. And this industry will give optimization and efficiency the importance they have. We will see what happens finally. Image | Nvidia More information | Financial Times In Xataka | China is closely monitoring the United States movement with Stargate. And your answer has already prepared

NASA is about to launch two rockets toward the auroras. The objective: understand their hypnotic movements

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The auroras have fascinated those who have observed them for millennia, but they continue to hold all kinds of mysteries. despite current sensors. In order to better understand your blinks and pulses, NASA will fly directly to them from the region of the United States where they appear most frequently. Meanwhile, in Alaska. Although almost all of America’s space activity occurs in warm Florida, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center has everything ready to launch a sounding rocket from Alaska. Delayed on numerous occasions due to bad weather (today they expect snowfall and tomorrow, minimum temperatures of -28 ºC), the launch is scheduled for this week from Poker Flat Research Camp from Fairbanks. A flight to the auroras. The mission is called Ground Imaging to Rocket investigation of Auroral Fast Features (whose acronym is “GIRAFF”but I don’t know who they’re trying to fool, we all know they put the acronym first). The objective is to fly, with separate sounding rockets, to two subtypes of northern lights: Fast-pulsing aurorae, which flicker in a rhythmic pattern of pulsations every second, are related to a type of electromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere called Alfvén waves. Flickering auroras, whose variability is slower and more irregular, and are characterized by flickers in the sky that appear to move or shift according to the flow of charged particles in the magnetosphere Aboard a modified missile. For this mission, NASA will use Black Brant XI sounding rocketswhose first stage is derived from the US Talos naval missile. With three stages of solid fuel, the small rocket is capable of launching a payload of up to 600 kg to a height of 250 kilometers. The GIRAFF mission rockets are equipped with instruments to measure the processes responsible for creating the optical variations in auroras, hypnotic movements observable from Earth that occur at relatively high frequencies of up to 15 Hz or more. The GIRAFF mission. NASA researchers want to understand why some auroras flicker, others pulse, and others appear to have holes. This research focuses on two specific energy coupling mechanisms with such saccharine names as low-altitude electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave-particle interactions and chorus wave modulation in the equatorial magnetosphere. To better understand the mechanisms of these interactions, what better than to fly directly into a flickering aurora and a fast pulsating aurora with two identical rockets? A second mission will launch two more rockets into the dark spots or “holes” of the auroras to better study this other phenomenon. Images | NASA/Lee Wingfield/Sebastian Saarloos In Xataka | This is what the Northern Lights look like from space

European telecos are discouraged before global competition

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The Departure by José María Álvarez-Pallete de Telefónica It marks the end of an era that symbolizes the decline of the sector in Europe. Its mandate ends with a 57% drop in the stock market value of the company since 2016, when it agreed to the position. Of course the problem goes far beyond Telefónica. Why is it important. The European Telecommunications sector has lost 41% of its stock market capitalization between 2015 and 2023, falling to 270,000 million euros. In contrast, American telecos are worth more than 650,000 million. The root of the problem. Europe has 34 mobile network operators and 351 virtual operators for 450 million inhabitants. The United States, with 335 million inhabitants, only has three main and 70 virtual operators. China, for 1.4 billion inhabitants, has four operators and 16 virtual. Proportionally to its populations … Europe has eight times more main operators than the US and 27 times more than China. In virtual operators the difference is even greater: almost four times more than the US and 78 times more than China. Between the lines. European regulation has prioritized low prices and high competition, creating a fragmented and unable sector to compete globally. Meanwhile, the US and China have opted for giants with financial muscle. This dynamic has had consequences: it is expected that the sector only grows 1.7% in 2025. In Spain, 71,000 jobs have been destroyed since 1998, according to appointment Five days. And while the 5G coverage in Europe is 81%, in the US and in China it exceeds 95%, according to The independent. Turning point. He Draghi report Ask to facilitate mergers and end market fragmentation. The new European Competition Commissioner, Teresa Ribera, He said that the rules “will evolve” to allow larger scale. It is a burning nail to which you have to grab. Without a regulatory change that allows consolidation (and perhaps requires greater contribution to large technological ones whose business goes through the use of these networks, A historical demand Of the great telecos), the European Telecos sector will continue to lag in the global race. In Xataka | The discreet engineer: why the great shareholders see in Murtra the manager who needs telephone for his next decade Outstanding image | Telefónica

detect a plane at 5,000 meters high

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China has been around for a while developing all types of sensors and radars whose characteristics suggest a future very different from the current one. Without going too far, last September They tested a device called LARIDa super radar that was able to detect a gigantic bubble of invisible plasma in the Pyramid of Giza. The latter is something very different, and can change the battlefield. Unprecedented underwater radar. In a secret location 1,000 meters deep, Chinese scientists have developed and tested what points to an unprecedented underwater sensor capable of detecting aircraft at high altitude from the depths of the ocean, representing an unparalleled strategic advance for the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) submarine fleet. To give us an idea, technology managed to identify a fixed-wing aircraft at 5,000 meters above sea levela milestone that no other nation has achieved to date. Such technology, which until now was considered impractical due to the complex acoustic properties of water, could dramatically improve the survivability of submarines against warplanes. antisubmarineequipped with advanced sensors to locate and destroy them. Implications and capabilities. Underwater radar represents a significant strategic advantage for the nation. The reason? Turn the current combat around, allowing your submarines to go from targets to hunters in anti-submarine warfare. Currently, aircraft equipped with advanced sensors can detect and attack submarines without being spotted, but with this new technology Chinese submarines could, a priori, receive early warnings of hostile aircraft and launch missiles from underwater with precision. And there is more, of course. The main technological challenge lies in the fact that most of the sound waves generated by aircraft are reflected from the sea surface, making their detection difficult. However, researchers at the Institute of Acoustics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by Zhang Bo and Peng Zhaohuiemphasize that they have achieved an innovative solution by taking advantage of the multiple reflection of sound waves between the seabed and the water surface, allowing Extend detection range and improve radar sensitivity. System testing and limitations. Apparently, In 2022, China carried out secret tests of underwater radarmanaging to detect a plane 17 kilometers away and, attention, with a margin of error of less than one kilometer. Still, limitations were identified, such as a blind spot when aircraft fly directly over the sensors, as well as a detection range that still needs to be expanded for effective military applications. In this regard, Zhang and Peng continue working on system optimizationalthough they have not revealed recent data. Complement to the military intelligence network. China’s military strategy is based on a multi-layered approach that integrates various detection technologies. Currently, the People’s Liberation Army has a satellite network capable of tracking high-performance aircraft like the F-22 stealth fightersin addition to radar systems on ships and land stations. The new underwater radar would act as a complement, providing redundancy and improving detection capability in hostile environments. Future perspectives. Although the details of this development were kept secret for years due to its military sensitivity, the research team has recently published an article in the journal Acta Acusticaa job where information about the functionality of the system is provided. That said, and as is often the case with innovations of this type, everything indicates that there remains a long road of testing and improvements in operational scope to guarantee its effective integration in real combat scenarios. What does seem abundantly clear is that the innovative underwater detection system marks a paradigm shift in naval warfare, one where, in the absence of verifying it on the ground, It would give China a huge tactical advantagehighlighting its leadership in the development of cutting-edge underwater surveillance technologies. Image | Marinha In Xataka | China has tested its new super radar. They have detected a gigantic bubble of invisible plasma in the Pyramid of Giza In Xataka | China gains muscle in aerial technology: it already has new radars against drones, missiles and stealth aircraft

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