Mobile Tech & Gadgets

MIT has measured for the first time the geometry of electrons in the quantum world

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The paths of quantum physics are inscrutable. In my opinion this appointment of Richard FeynmanNobel Prize in Physics for their contributions to quantum electrodynamics and one of the most admired scientists of the twentieth century, condenses very well The complexity of this discipline: “If you think you understand quantum physics, you don’t really understand quantum physics.” Quantum mechanics study the laws that govern The world of the very smallof the particles, as well as the interactions to which the atomic and subatomic structures are exposed. Most of these rules are radically different from the laws we have become familiar with in the world in which we live. In the macroscopic world. Many physicists have spent the last century trying to understand how known quantum phenomena work, and also striving to identify unknown quantum rules. The problem is that working with the extremely small, with the particles, is very difficult. However, this does not mean that they are not successful. He Mit (Massachusetts Technological Institute) has just been a bit very important. Physicists now better understand the quantum properties of the materials A group of MIT researchers has managed to measure accurately at the quantum level the geometry of electrons in solid materials. Expressed in this way it does not seem much, but it is a very relevant discovery. Until now, physicists had managed to measure the energy and speed acquired by these elementary particles in crystalline materials, but not their geometry at the quantum level. According to Riccardo CominProfessor of Physics at the MIT and leader of this research, “this discovery allows us to understand and manipulate the quantum properties of the materials.” Quantum geometry allows physicists to determine the geometric characteristics of the wave function Before moving forward we are interested in briefly investigating the concept of ‘quantum geometry’ to be able to understand with some precision what we are talking about. Its purpose is to describe the structure of a quantum system such as the forming, for example, by The interaction of electrons In a solid material. In practice this knowledge serves to elaborate a map that describes the probability of finding an electron in a given position. Rigorously this “map” is known as wave function. However, this is not all. Quantum geometry also allows physicists to determine the geometric characteristics of the wave function. This simply means that with this information you can know how precisely the electrons behave in a material and to what extent their properties condition. Quantum geometry helps scientists, in short, to predict the behavior of materials and design new elements or combinations of elements that can be used in aeronautics, Quantum computing or robotics, among many other disciplines. Riccardo Comin assures that “in essence we have done is to develop a plan to obtain completely new information (about the materials) that until now could not be collected.” And Mingu Kang, another of the physicists who have signed the article published in Nature Physics, duck That “this knowledge It can be applied to any type of quantum material“. The technique that these scientists have used to develop their strategy is known as photo emission spectroscopy resolved at an angle. In broad strokes it is an experimental procedure that serves to study the electronic structure of materials in a thorough way and know their fundamental properties. Image | Generated by Xataka with Ia More information | Nature Physics In Xataka | The CERN has an ambitious plan: it wants to demolish the special theory of Einstein’s relativity

Kesterite solar panels

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The Perovskita is the center of attention of the researchers to achieve higher levels of efficiencybut it presents the challenge of being an unstable and toxic material. However, an Australian study has developed a viable alternative with an element that has begun to exceed its efficiency levels: Kesterite. Short. Researchers from the University of Nueva Wales del Sur de Sydney have established a new world efficiency record of 13.2% in Kesterite solar cells (CZTS). The process they have used to achieve this has been by hydrogen and the cells were broadband. Professor Xiaojing Hao and her team at the School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering They have explained that the kesterite had already been used in previous investigations, but its maximum efficiency had stagnated at 11% during the last six years due to the defects generated during its production. Why Kesterite? This material is an environment -respectful option, cheap to manufacture and maintains a long -term photovoltaic performance. In addition, it is formed by copper, zinc, tin and sulfur, which are abundant and non -toxic. In this way, the kesterite becomes a more sustainable option in front of another type of solar cells. How have they done it? To improve Kesterite solar cells, scientists have used hydrogen through thermal treatment. This process, known as passive, consists of the introduction of hydrogen to reduce the defects present in the material during the production of the kesterite. In this way, hydrogen has modulated these defects, minimizing its impact and increasing efficiency in the conversion of sunlight into electricity. Pervskita vs Kesterita. Despite reaching large laboratory efficiency installments, Like 40% And you can see YOSVSKITA SOLAR PAnels marketed At least in China and also in tandem on silicon. However, this type of cells contains lead, an element that dissolves in water is pollutants. For its part, Kesterite is a more sustainable and safe alternative, the power is expected to continue increasing and low environmental impact make it an attractive option face the future. Tandem? In research development they have stated that the use of CZTS can be used in Tandem, a technology that combines two or more types of solar cells. According to Professor Hao, if the CZTS manages to achieve an efficiency of 20%, this material would be the solution of solar energy, because it meets all ideal criteria: abundant, ecological and with good optolectronic properties. Forecasts The researchers Sydney UNSW expects the efficiency of the CZTS to reach 15% in next year and that its marketing occurs around 2030. Although there is still work to be done to reduce manufacturing defects and improve performance. Image | Unsw Sydney Xataka | In 2009, Perovskita’s solar panels wasted 97% of energy. Now they are ready to conquer the industry

The “two minutes” rule

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In the very often non-tan-efficient search for efficiency we find more books, articles, podcasts, courses and tutorials along the way we can manage. It is even difficult to remember the keys to what we could follow. Too many stimuli. However, There is a simple rule impossible to forget in the productivity environment. It is the two -minute rule, coined by David Allen in his Methodology for Time Management and Personal Productivity (GTD), collected in his book ‘Organize effectively‘. Closing eyelashes in the brain This rule proposes that if a task can be completed in two minutes or less we must do it immediately. What exceeds that duration must already be noted, processed, classified, etc. In our management system. But if so brief, you don’t have to waste a second to think about it, just do it. This maxim has transformed my perception of productivity and time management. The beauty of this rule lies in its simplicity and its transformative potential. When applying this rule I was surprised to discover how many small, accumulated tasks, they can become a mountain of stress and procrastination. A fast email, order a messy desk, respond to a message; All these are actions that, although small, weigh in our mind and distract our attention from more significant tasks. This rule also teaches us about efficiency. When immediately addressing small tasks, we release mental space and energy that would otherwise be spent remembering and postponing these activities. It is a kind of economy of attention, where each small action performed is a step towards greater mental clarity and concentration. However, like any tool, the two -minute rule has its risks. The main is the possibility of overwhelming us with minor tasks, losing sight of the biggest objectives. The classic sensation of completeness That transmits to complete small tasks, sometimes little transcendent, which makes us neglect the really important. That is why it is crucial to use this rule within a broader framework of time management and priorities. It is not about doing everything that can be in two minutes, but about using the time to do what really matters and not accumulate pending that we could unblock. This axiom is more than a simple productivity trick, it is An immediate action philosophy and efficient time management. In its application I have discovered not only greater productivity, but also a sense of control and achievement that transcends my task list. It is a small rule with an impact on work and life. In Xataka | Three morning habits that will help you be happier and more productive at work, according to science Outstanding image | Xataka with Dall · E. *An earlier version of this article was published in January 2024

Upon arrival in streaming it has become the most watched premiere in the history of Filmin

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Of course, ‘The substance‘has become the RARE Av of the season. Not only his success has surprised his own and strangers, remaining on the poster more time than usual for a film in his style, but has done so with a daring and different proposal, which mixes elements known to fans (of the Body Horror eighties to the left over the troma), with a very particular point of view about what gender can offer. And in its first three days In Filmin (You can also see it In Movistar Plus+), has broken records within the platform, which demonstrates to what extent this unique proposal has penetrated deep: released last Friday, December 31, It has become the most watched premiere in Filmin’s historyregistering more viewed in its first three days than any other previous title. The previous film that held this brand was “anatomy of a fall”, and according to the platform, it has increased by 21.1% the mark of that. Demi Moore is a television star in low hours that sees his status in danger when the director of his chain decides to remove it from his aerobic program. The diva of the past decides to undergo a treatment that promises to generate a new version of itself, but younger, more beautiful and more perfect. But its rejuvenated alter ego (Margaret Qualley) has its own plans with the newly released reunion life with the privileges of youth. This surprising fable about the superficiality of the show business, panic to age and pressure on their body that society imposes on women connects both with ‘the fly’ and with ‘death feels so good for you’, and does so with An unusual graphic explanitude in a film that has been nominated for five Oscar. Directs Coralie Fargeat, which between ‘Revenge’ and this has become one of the key names of the fantastic contemporary. In Xataka | All the Oscar 2025 nominated and where to see them

Now you can send you voice messages and images

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At the end of last year, before Deepseek It appeared on the scene and provoked an earthquake in the artificial intelligence sector, Openai surprised us With an interesting movement: we could keep a number on our agenda and talk with Chatgpt directly from WhatsApp. The main advantage was to access the chatbot without installing its application. However, there were also some important limitations. By using chatgpt in WhatsApp, we lost key functions such as voice entry and the ability to analyze images, two tools that make them usually very practical. OpenAI Chatgpt Power in WhatsApp: Voice Notes and Images Now, Openai has taken another step. If you have the number +1 (800) 242-8478 Saved on your agenda, you can now send voice notes to Chatgpt, as if it were any other contact. This means that, instead of writing, you can simply talk to you and receive an answer in text without leaving the messaging app. But there is more. Another of the great novelties is that Chatgpt in WhatsApp now has vision capabilities. If you send you a photo, you can analyze it and interpret what you see. Do you want to know what is in an image? Recognize an object? Locate the place where a photograph was taken? All this is already possible. Despite these improvements, the chatbot in WhatsApp still has some limitations. For example, we still can’t forward that kilometer audio To summarize it. It is time to keep listening to them. Nor can you seek information on the Internet in real time, which limits its usefulness in consultations on recent topics. For those who seek the most complete experience, the official chatgpt application remains the best option. Not only does it maintain all the functions mentioned, but it also allows internet access and the use of advanced voice mode with The Camera Live functionwhich allows you to see the world real time. Images | OpenAI | Screen capture In Xataka | The AI ​​raises a huge change in our mobiles. One that will have (at least) 32 GB of RAM

If the question is whether your company can include you in a work WhatsApp group, the AEPD leaves no doubt: it depends on who pays

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In many companies, WhatsApp groups or from any other social network, they have adopted the role of a communication board, from which the company or those responsible for employees They organize shiftsroutes or vacations of its employees from a single channel. However, despite being very convenient for the organization of the company, adding employees to These groups It is an exhibition of your private data. Is it legal that the company includes you in one of these Work groups of work? The answer: depends d. Use of WhatsApp on personal mobiles The Spanish Agency for Data Protection, supported by a sentence of the 2019 National Court established the pillars of the use of mobile devices in the workplace, indicating that employees are not obliged to use or install applications for professional use. That is, if the mobile in which the line that will be included in the WhatsApp group is personal, or the line itself is, is installed, or The company cannot force the worker to be part of the group. Including that number in a WhatsApp group without the express consent of the employee would violate article 5 of the Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rightsviolating the right to individual privacy. The legal protection of this assumption was reinforced with the arrival of the Teleworking 10/2021that in its article 17.2 it indicates that it is the company who must provide any material or device that employees may need to develop their work. If to develop that work, the employee needs a mobile with line for communications with the company, or for the time registrationyou must facilitate it. Use of WhatsApp in the company’s mobile The scenario changes completely when the mobile or line is owned by the company, not the employee. In that case, the company can use that resource as it creates convenient and may include those lines in a WhatsApp group, without the employee being able to refuse to it. This use is part of the organization of work by the company according to the Workers Statute. However, the company must justify the group’s need, assume the cost of the line and establish clear rules on its use. Right to digital disconnection In any case, whether the mobile is personal and has the employee’s consent, as if it is a corporate mobile, The right to digital disconnection must be respectedas established in article 20 bis of the Statute of Workers and in article 18 of the Teleworking Law. This section specifically indicates: “Workers have the right to privacy in the use of digital devices made available to the employer, to digital disconnection and intimacy in the use of video surveillance and geolocation devices in the established terms in current legislation on personal data protection and guarantee of digital rights. “ This means that, in any of the cases, the worker is not obliged to answer Out of your working hours, unless it is subject to any of the exceptions due to justified urgency. This right is protected by various labor laws and their breach would result in economic sanctions for the company that could range between 751 euros and 7,500 euros. In Xataka | Signing with the fingerprint at work was legal. In Europe they have decided that they are no longer and threaten to fine Image | Unspash (Dimitri Karastelev)

Goal approaches 100,000 million invested in metoverso, and has no intention of raising the foot of the accelerator

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More than ten years have passed since Mark Zuckerberg announced the purchase of Oculus And he began to profile his idea of ​​’Metaverso‘, although the concept did not gain prominence until 2021, When Facebook, Inc. was called Platforms goal, Inc. Reality labs, the division that promotes this initiative, is on the way to burn 100,000 million dollarsand everything indicates that there is still a long way before those promises of incredible virtual worlds, where to work, play and socialize, come true. Virtual and mixed reality glasses, such as Quest Pro goal, Quest 3 goal either Apple Vision Prothey are the entrance door to this type of experience. However, these devices are not yet powerful, light and affordable to gain ground in the general public. A reflection of this reality is Tim Cook’s statements last year, when Apple’s CEO recognized that their glasses are “an early adoption product” intended for “people who want to have tomorrow’s technology.” Goal continues to burn money in metaverso Between 2014 and 2024, Meta has invested more than 80,000 million dollars in its virtual and augmented reality ambitions. The data comes from your financial ones that reflect an expense of 19,875 million dollars and a benefit of 2,146 million dollars to throughout the last year. In other words, the reality Labs division closed 2024 with losses of 17,729 million dollars. Far from lifting the accelerator’s foot, the giant of social networks remains convinced that this is the way, so he anticipates a 2025 with more investment and more losses in reality labs. Few companies in the world can afford with such long term. Meta, of course, is one of them: in 2024 he recorded net profits of 87,109 million dollars in family of apps (FOA), the segment that encompasses products and services such as Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp. Although reality labs is closely linked to metoverso, its reach goes much further. Immediately, this division is the epicenter of commercial products with relative successlike the family of target quest glasses and Ray-Ban Metadeveloped in collaboration with Essiloruxotic. But it is also the laboratory where the future of the company is being built. Last year we first saw Oriona prototype of augmented reality glasses that, According to Zuckerberg himselfit could one day replace the smartphone as we know it. At first glance, Orion glasses are more bulky and robust than the finish lines, probably due to the internal components necessary to project images. And they integrate micro LED projectorscapable of superimposing information in the real world. The idea is to use the physical environment as a canvas for 2D and 3D apps. But there is more. Reality labs is working on the powerful, light and affordable glasses that we mentioned at the beginning. And that, of course, requires a lot of work. At the visualization level, the objective is to achieve a practically indistinguishable experience of reality. But it is not enough with high resolution screens in next -generation glasses, but it is necessary develop technologies that still do not exist to adapt to the complex human visual system. In addition, projects include the exploration of new interfaces, such as electromiography based, which allow controlling devices through neuromuscular signals. As the company itself recognizes, its bet is to develop products that we will not see soon, but will reach its maximum splendor “in the next decade” It will be necessary to see if this goal is still standing with the advance of artificial intelligence (AI), a field in which Meta is investing billions and that, at some point, converges with its vision of metavers. Images | Goal In Xataka | Samsung and Google already have almost lists their own vision pro. And they have two fundamental advantages: Gemini and La Voz

The new reasoning model lands in the free chatgpt accounts

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We are witnessing real time of the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI). A little over two years ago we were surprised by the capacities of GPT-3.5the language model behind Chatgptnow we have Reasoning models increasingly powerful at hand. And everything seems to indicate that this industry will continue to evolve. Early today we talked about Microsoft’s decision To make a version of O1 available to Copilot users, a product that had been limited to payment users. A few hours later we have received news from Openai, which A new reasoning model has just launched. It is tata from O3-mini, who has just begun its initial deployment. O3-mini, the new OpenAI reasoning model The latest OpenAi responds to a strategy that we have already seen with GPT-4o Mini. Instead that everything revolves around its flagship, the company promotes a series of models aimed at addressing different needs. In this way, O3-mini is part of the O3 family presented at the end of last yearbut it is focused on speed and efficiency. It should be noted that those led by Sam Altman had already launched in September 2024, and decided to skip O2 apparently for reasons of registered trademarks. So now we are facing a proposal that promises not only for its fantastic scores in different tests, but because it lands in the chatgpt ‘free’ accounts, also in Spain. But what does this mean? Well, reasoning models differ from the rest of the models, such as GPT-4for its ability to Verify thoroughly and step by step your answers. They channel our questions through a “reasoning.” This does not mean that they cannot be wrong, but the answers are much more successful. Reasoning means time, so this type models are not particularly fast. In any case, for certain scenarios in which reasoned responses are needed in a reasonable amount of time, O3-mini could be a great option. For example, to boost certain applications thanks to access through the API. O3-mini is a model that embraces Stem problems. That is, if what you are looking for is to perform a literary essay, this will probably not be the ideal model. Now, if your requests are related to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics It is likely that this reasoning model can give you some more consistent responses to your needs. OpenAI has measured the reaction of users with O3-mini and O1-mini. According to their data, external testers opted for the responses of the most recent model. In addition, O3-Mini reduced the “important errors” in the “difficult questions of the real world” in 39% during A/B tests, surpassing O1-mini. A notable fact for free access. If you have one Pro $ 200 per month You can use the model unlimitedly ” and with a higher speed than free accounts. OpenAI also has a business plan, Chatgpt Enterprise. In this case, users will have to wait until next week to use the company’s latest reasoning model. Images | OpenAI In Xataka | Mistral AI is the French startup that opted for efficiency before Deepseek. His future is uncertain

Something totally unexpected is happening in Ukraine. Suddenly, North Korea soldiers have disappeared

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Since November 2023, Ukrainian forces and intelligence in the United States have calculated that up to 12,000 North Korean soldiers have moved In Kursk’s Russian region to stop the Ukrainian offensive. In recent months we have known The strategy that pyongyang troops followedlarticles that lead to the battlefieldand even Ukraine captured soldiers who betrayed the misinformation with which they seemed to have arrived in Europe. However, something has happened in the last two weeks. North Korean paper. CNN had through interviews with Ukrainian troops that many of the northorean soldiers deployed were using extreme combat methods that remember tactics of the cold war. With a formation focused on sacrifice and unwavering loyalty to Kim Jong Un, these soldiers had demonstrated fierce resistance, although they were suffering from mass losses, With about 4,000 dead or injured. His behavior on the battlefield, in fact, had baffled the Ukrainian forces, since instead of surrendering, Many prefer to immolate themselves with grenades or use desperate strategies How to shed your protective team to move faster. In fact, several teams captured to the fallen soldiers revealed that They carry only the minimum to survive: Limited water rations, without shelter clothes and with backpacks full of ammunition. Although they carry modernized versions of the AK-47 rifle and other more or less recent Russian teams, their lack of armor and preparation for current war technology was accelerating its wear on the battlefield. And suddenly, they are no longer. One withdrawal? According to the New York TimesNorth Korean troops sent to Russia to strengthen their offensive against Ukraine They have disappeared from the battlefield for two weeks. It is possible, as analysts explain, who have been removed from the front after suffering those devastating losses we were talking about. Its deployment in November 2023 generated alarm when the measure was interpreted as a significant climb of the conflict. However, in just three months, The number of troops was drastically reduced Due to the lack of coordination. According to Ukrainian sources, the Russian strategy consisted of Send them in waves through mined fields and under intense firewhich resulted in a high number of casualties. Now, the withdrawal is not necessarily definitive, since it is evaluated the possibility that these soldiers return after receiving a resentment or if the Russian controls find more effective ways to use them in combat. Impact of the Ukrainian offensive on Kurk. The Ukrainian incursion in the Russian region of Kursk in August 2024 surprised the Kremlin and altered the dynamics of the conflict. For the first time in more than a decade of confrontations, including the Russian in large scale in 2022, Ukraine seemed to take and maintain territory within Russia. This movement, although criticized by some as an unnecessary wear of resources, is seen by President Volodymyr Zelenskyy as a key tool to press in future peace negotiations and a strategic barrier against new Russian offensives in the northeast of Ukraine. Although Russian forces have managed to recover about half of the lost territory, the Ukrainian presence in Kursk It is still a challenge for Moscowforcing Putin to balance their military resources without weakening their main operations in eastern Ukraine. The North Korean alliance. It We have counted in the past. The sending of North Korean troops seems to be part of A broader cooperation strategy between Moscow and Pyongyang. Kim Jong Un, by supporting Putin, Search in return assistance in military technology and diplomatic support. In addition to troops, North Korea has supplied Russia millions of artillery and missile projectiles, covering approximately half of the armament that Russia uses daily at the moment. In return, Moscow provides oil, food and improvements in North Korean weapons. In fact, the recent restoration of the Mutual Defense Treaty between the two countries reinforces this relationship, which reminds of the era of the cold war. The North Korean future. Although the withdrawal of North Korean soldiers suggests that their initial deployment did not have the expected impact, Your possible return is not discarded. Russia could reconsider its integration strategy with these troops, perhaps avoiding their use as a simple shock infantry and improving its coordination with local units. Besides, The situation in Kursk continues to evolve, with new Ukrainian offensives facing a growing Russian resistance. Meanwhile and as we said, the alliance between Russia and North Korea continues to consolidate, and along the way increasing tensions with the West. As the war continues, the participation of external actors such as North Korea could become an even more relevant factor in the development of the conflict and in the global geopolitical balance. And Trump is still missing, although it is about to see how he will. Image | Ukraine forces In Xataka | North Korea has officially entered the Ukraine War, although a barrier is being lethal: the language In Xataka | The Ukrainian invention that has allowed to repel the waves of Russian attacks: a 41 km fiber optic cable

In 536 the sun began to shine less than the moon. The small ice age began then began

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The year 536 is sometimes called “The worst in history”, But this year only marked the beginning of a small ice age. An era of about 15 years in which sunlight was almost unable to reach the surface of the earth. Small ice age. For years it has been discussed what happened in the year 536 that triggered the “small ice age of late antiquity” (Lalia) that lasted until the 550s. The volcanic eruptions of this year and 541 or comet dust had been considered as possible causes, but we had A third hypothesis: An unknown underwater eruption. From historiography to the rings of the trees. From this era of darkness we have record through different sources: some historiographic, such as medieval texts in which there is talk of a sunlight so faint that it barely stood out about that of the moon. Others, more “modern”, such as the analysis of Tree rings. These rings appear as a result of the oscillations in their growth rate, a consequence of the succession of the seasons of the year and factors associated with it, such as the abundance of water. Or the hours of light. The suspects. And the hours of light were not abundant at this time. The cause of this long winter of 15 years would have been in a denser atmosphere full of dust or gas that would have prevented solar radiation from reaching the northern hemisphere. However, we are not sure what our atmosphere overshadowed. Volcanic activity has been the main suspect in the case. We know that the most powerful volcanoes can expel gases in such quantity that they can alter the terrestrial climate, usually for short periods of time. During this decade and a half we had proof of three volcanic eruptions, a “cataclysmic” eruption in 536, caused by a volcano in Iceland; and two others also relevant in 540 and 547. However, there are experts who consider that these three eruptions were not the cause of this small ice age, something else was needed. Submarine volcano. And that “something” could have been an underwater volcano. Is The hypothesis defended by an American team of researchers composed of Dallas Abbott and John Barron. They reached this conclusion when studying Greenland ice samples in which remains of marine microorganisms of tropical waters were found. According to this hypothesis, underwater rashes would have led to the atmosphere not only the gases of these events but also remains of sediments and marine life. An underwater eruption would also have vaporized a large amount of water that would have passed to the atmosphere. Huge consequences. All this would have had severe socio -economic consequences. Historical records speak of years in which cereal crops did not even allow bread, or snowfall in full summer. Towards the year 541 the so -called “Plaga de Justiniano” began in Egypt First epidemic Black plague of the Middle Ages. In the Iberian Peninsula this period of darkness could have unleashed The first of the crises that would end up resulting in the fall of the Visigothic kingdom and the Muslim conquer. Image | NOAA/National Science Foundation In Xataka | We believed that the huge eruption of Hunga Tonga had something to do with global temperature records. We didn’t even get closer In Xataka | Something weird happens in the Teide: although experts do not see signs of eruption, they insist that you have to follow it closely

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