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In full blackout throughout Spain and confusion among the population, an alert system shone for its absence: Es-Alert

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Yesterday we attend an unprecedented event in our country. From one moment to another and in a matter of five seconds, 60% of all energy vanisheddisappeared. The entire peninsula ran out of light. The reasons are unknown how it was unknown in certain points of Spain that the blackout had been general. The light fell, ergo the wifi. Telecommunications, mobile networks fell, and networks were saturated. Contact family and friends to know if they were fine was an odyssey, as was accessing to the media and social networks to inform themselves of the last hour. No one knew what was happening, its reach, the reasons or the state of the situation. In such a context, it is worth asking what happened to Es-alertthe emergency alert system. Who is-alert depends on. The Civil Protection alerts system was launched on February 22, 2023 and serves to send notices to all mobile phones within an affected area. It is integrated into the national alert network and, therefore, is managed by the Ministry of Interior through the National Center for Emergency Monitoring and Coordination (CENEM) of the General Directorate of Civil Protection. Notice example received through the ES-Alert system | Image: mobile xataka This system is known as “112 inverse” and is available in “any part of the Spanish territory with mobile telephony coverage, either 2G (GSM), 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE) or 5G”, as They explained from Moncloa The day of its launch. Civil protection, meanwhile, exposes that “the ES-ALErt system is available to the Emergency Coordination Centers of the Autonomous Communities in the framework of the National Civil Protection System” and that these centers, together with the aforementioned CENEM, are the “responsible, within their area of ​​competence, to define and issue the alerts when the situation requires it.” In a nutshell, that competition falls to the Autonomous Communities. What situations is used? According to Moncloa, Es-Alert is designed for phenomena such as “floods, fires, adverse meteorological phenomena, volcanic or chemical accidents, among other emergencies.” The question is what happens to this system when there is no electricity, when telecommunications are falling and a very high percentage of the population has no coverage. A mobile will not receive the notice if it has no coverage or is in plane mode, although it will do so when you recover the signal The networks worked (a time). The mobile network remained active for a while thanks, in part, emergency generators. VodafoneMasorange and Telefónica They have confirmed that although the blackout had affected telecommunications services and the mobile network, part of the system had supply thanks to electric generators and batteries. Es -Elert depends on that infrastructure to work, the question is whether it would have been effective. Lights and shadows. While it is true that Es-Alert is practically agnostic to the device and the version of the operating system, its effectiveness depends on the fact that there is electricity and that the receiving phones have coverage. Assuming that the ES-Alert system was available (because as we already know, there was no electricity supply), the reality is that an important thickness of the population would not have received the warning at the time because it did not have coverage. They would have received it when recovering the signal in the event that the emergency remained active in the area, but there is no guarantees that, by then, the notice would have been useful. Image | Fré Sonneveld Social networks. Public entities and organizations, which They urged the user to save battery and limit the use of mobilethey made their official communications through social networks such as X. Access not only to this social network, but to the media that echoed this information, it was not always possible due to the lack of coverage and mobile data network. The always eternal radio. The best informed citizen yesterday was the one who had a ancient operational radio thanks to two AA batteries. The radio works independently that there is coverage, mobile network or wifi. Emergency equipment They do not communicate by Walkie-Talkies By custom, but because in a fire in which everything has fallen, the radio will continue to function. If the broadcaster and the receiving device work, there is communication, and that is what happened precisely yesterday. The radios continued to function and counting the last hour of the blackout, which shows that an invention of the late nineteenth century is still important in the middle of 2025. Cover image | Pere Jury In Xataka | Cercanías, Media and Long Distance, High Speed ​​and Metro: This is the situation of trains in Spain after the blackout

Why the fall of telecommunications was so unequal during the blackout in Spain

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Spain plunged yesterday into a unprecedented energy blackout. A complete fall of the national electricity grid that caused problems in essential services and, above all … communications. A few hours after the Energy zero throughout All Spanish territoryoperators such as Vodafone Spain kept active 70% of their mobile network. The question is how. How the network was kept alive. Despite the national blackout, Some operators like Vodafone They made their mobile network remain active thanks to reserve generators. Although popular perception may be that the network connection is a purely wireless technology, it depends completely on telephone stations (what we commonly know as antennas), some that need electricity to function. Before scenarios such as yesterday, all protocols were activated to keep them alive despite the disconnection with the national electricity grid. This was achieved thanks to two main actors: backup batteries and structure. Diesel and batteries. Groups such as Masmobic confirm Xataka that this maintenance of the network infrastructure was achieved thanks to its reserve generators located in the stations themselves, but also to displaced electrogen groups to each area. In Spain, the Low voltage electrotechnical regulation (REBT) It demands support systems in critical infrastructure. Image | Vodafone The autonomy of these systems is limited and variable. That a station can be fed for more or less time depends on the state of the batteries, the capacity of the generators and the logistics of the fuel supply. In the best case, structures can keep the service for 24-48 hours. If we talk about reserve batteries, autonomy usually ranges between two and eight hours. This is the main reason why Some networks continued to work after the blackout and also for which others began to fail after a few hours. A progressive fall. Vodafone managed to exceed 70% activity in the network at 3:00 p.m., maintaining autonomy in its network, datacentes and systems control centers. As the hours were advancing, the figure fell. At 23: 00h, mobile traffic fell to 60% with 50% of active nodes. Reason? After more than ten hours of blackout, some of the reserve batteries began to run out. Why I had no coverage and my neighbor yes. During the blackout, access to the mobile network was (and remains) variable, and this is due to several factors. The main is the difference in backup feed systems (SAI or generators) that have mobile phone antennas. Not all base stations have the same capacity to continue working without electricity supply: some have batteries with little autonomy, other generators that require fuel (diesel or gas), and their availability and maintenance vary. In the same way, Not all operators use the same infrastructure. Each company has its own (or rented) towers and nodes, which means that two mobiles can be connected to different antennas even being in the same area. Thus, it is possible that the antenna of your operator has stopped working before, while that of your neighbor – with another operator – remains active longer. The small operators. Vodafone proved to live up to 70% of the coverage, but smaller companies, with fewer nodes to connect and lower capacity to supply energy, faced a more complex situation. The so -called virtual mobile operators (OMV) “As Digi, Finetwork, Pepephone, Lowi, etc.,” do not have their own infrastructure. Instead, they rent access to the networks of the greats (Movistar, Orange or Vodafone). The immediate translation is that its operation depends completely on the conditions of the wholesale operator in each area. If the antenna to which a user of a secondary operator connects does not have sufficient support, or if your host network prioritizes other services, the user runs out of coverage more quickly and for longer. How long would they last before chaos. Telecommunications networks can survive without electricity supply for a limited time, but are not designed to resist prolonged blackouts. In the best of the scenarios, with well -supplied structures and batteries in good condition, some stations could be kept operational between 24 and 48 hours. Beyond that threshold, everything depends on the operator’s logistics capacity to replenish fuel. In that scenario, the first to run out of coverage would be users connected to secondary nodes or small operators, while critical or priority areas (hospitals, security forces, command centers) could maintain connection for longer thanks to emergency protocols. Image | Telefónica In Xataka | Neither trains, nor light, nor computers: the most chaotic working day will not have salary sales or dismissals for not going to work

85,000 people jumping to the rhythm of Catholic slogans in cyber are just one more piece of the Hakuna Puzzle complex

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The figure of Pope Francis Vartebra the origin and also the last milestone of Hakuna’s musical faction. It is at the origin of this Catholic youth movement founded in 2013 in Madrid by the priest José Pedro Manglano, in response to the mood of Pope Francis during the World Youth Day (WYD) of Rio de Janeiro. There the Pope encouraged young people to “make mess”, and Hakuna has taken it to the letter, riding a very notorious cyber this Saturday. Not only music. The growth of movement has been exponential. He was born as a group of related young people in part to Opus Dei, who met in San Josemaría de Aravaca, but soon began to attract other young people. He started as an association of faithful, many of them lay, who gathered privately, but soon began to extend, first in Spain, and since 2018, internationally: Hakuna is currently in more than twenty countries and more than 70 cities around the world. But above all, music. No one escapes that this is the nucleus of Hakuna’s appeal: music always was part of Hakuna’s initial meetings, which in 2015 take shape like a first album. It is the second, ‘My poor mad’, which gives them a greater impact. Since 2022, Hakuna Group Music has experienced exorbitant growth, reaching milestones such as its concerts in the Vistalegre Palace or Wizink Center (17,000 tickets and SOLD OUT In a few hours) and add millions of listeners in social networks and Spotify, where on more than one occasion they have come to be In the most listened to top. Many people. The group is, again, organized and directed by Manglano, and there are no visible heads or stars in it: there are some forty artists of which up to twenty can get to the stage simultaneously. There are no leaders or leaders and the songs are composed collectively, following the slogan “we live what we sing and sing what we live.” His carefree style and away from strict orthodoxy is what has become hits to songs like ‘Hurricane‘, popular even out of religious environments, and already with 11 million views On YouTube. The resurrection party. This is the name that received an act organized by the Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACDP), which would commemorate the resurrection of Jesus with which Holy Week concludes, but which also became improvised chosen the newly deceased Pope Francis. Hakuna sang his theme ‘Mercy ‘according to them one of the Pope’s favorites, and were accompanied by artists related to the Catholic faith such as Beret, DJ Octopus, always like this or Cali & El Dandee. The event, which is already for its third edition, congregated more than 85,000 people. Party and prayer. Related to that purpose of “making mess” proposed by the Pope and that appears very clear on the official Hakuna website, no doubt what congregates 85,000 people in cyber on a Saturday is that feeling Catholic is not at odds with the party. This is corroborated by the many immersion chronicles in the phenomenon they have carried out newspapers such as Independientewhere statements of faithful who follow Hakuna are collected even on trips in different countries, and where what the songs help to immerse themselves in the Catholic faith, the accessible and direct of the songs, and how that fits, in its own way, in its own way, with a beer after a concert of the group is underlined. The musical arm. The Hakuna phenomenon is so extraordinary that it has become examined in Papers Academic who inquire into their role as a secular organization and as a reinforcement of a collective identity. In this studyentitled ‘The Hakuna Movement: Organizational Structure and Strategies for the Re -Christianization of Youth in Spain’, the authors talk about how the spiritualization of the leisure in recent years (and Events like Soul Week) It has a lot to do with Hakuna’s success. The viralization of the music band has given context to the movement, creating concepts such as “revolutionary chosen” or “pringado”, which is what the same call themselves Hakuners and that are present at the ‘Qaos’ album of 2022. More pop gospel. Hakuna Group Music are not the only examples of this new wave of Catholic evangelizers through pop music. Much more common in Latin America, with singers such as Athenas or veteran Martín Valverde, groups such as The desert voicewith seven members of which three are priests. Luis Poveda He is also a priest and singer -songwriter, and Wheat 133 They are linked to the missionary NGO Jatari and youth evangelization. And there are many more, with names such as Ain Karem, Álvaro Fraile, Olivo outbreaks, Jesús Cabello, Luis Alfredo Díaz or Maite López. Header | ACDP In Xataka | The Catholic Church changed Europe’s psychology. Unintentionally, it caused an era of technological innovation

Normal, with solar load and crank. Five external batteries to have the mobile loaded during a blackout

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Behind him Mass blackout That we suffer yesterday throughout the Peninsula, it has become clear that it is convenient to have one or more PowerBank (or external batteries) at home so that at least I can have the mobile with drums. But … which one to choose? In this article we have gathered different external batteries that can be very useful at a time with which we live yesterday with a light cut of many hours. IPOSIBLE WITH SOLAR LOAD by 35.95 euros With coupon, an external battery with solar panels. ANKER LAPTOP by 99.99 eurosan external battery that allows recharging to laptops. Xiaomi Redmi Fast Charge Power Bank by 14.99 eurosa very cheap external battery that has a good load capacity. Wastde with solar load and crank by 59.99 eurosan external battery designed to use it at all times. Anker Zolo by 20.89 eurosan external pocket battery with 30W load. IPOSIBLE WITH SOLAR LOAD One of the most interesting proposals of this list is External Iposible batterywhich is at Amazon at a price of 39.95 euros, although selecting the store coupon stays in 35.95 euros. And it is interesting because its capacity of 26,800 mAh is recharged by solar load, so we can be ready even if we have no light. Comes with four waterproof solar panels that can be folded, includes several USB ports (both USB-C as USB-A and Microusb) and its construction offers water resistance, blows and dust. The brand mentions that the battery offers more than 1,600 load life cycles. * Some price may have changed from the last review ANKER LAPTOP On the other hand, if what we are looking for is an external battery that even allows us to recharge a laptop (useful if the light cut has caught us when we were working), the ANKER LAPTOP It can be a very good purchase option. Costs 99.99 euros in Amazon and is very complete. The Anker Laptop is an external battery that comes with a capacity of 25,000 mAh. Includes three USB-C ports and offers a loading power up to 100Wso you can recharge a good assortment of devices. In addition, it allows recharging up to four devices at once. * Some price may have changed from the last review Xiaomi Redmi Fast Charge Power Bank If what we are looking for is an external economic battery, but also very useful, the Xiaomi Redmi Fast Charge Power Bank Right now it costs 14.99 euros In the official store. In addition, it comes with a capacity of 20,000 mAh, offers a power of 18W. Xiaomi’s external battery comes with a couple of USB-A ports, a USB-C port and another microusb. It also has temperature protectionagainst the short circuits, against overcurrent and also against the overtheions. Xiaomi Redmi Fast Charge Power Bank * Some price may have changed from the last review Wastde with solar load and crank Another of the most interesting proposals of this list is the Wastde external batterywhich comes both with solar load and with a crank. Its price at Amazon is 59.99 euros and stands out mainly for these two reasons: it can be recharged through the solar load or using the crank (very useful for the night). In addition to this, it comes with three output cables (Lightning, USB-C and Microusb) and three output ports (two USB-A and a USB-C). It allows to recharge many devices at the same time, has a capacity of 26,800 mAh and includes a flashlight with three modes: SOS, strobe and continuous. Wastde with solar load and crank * Some price may have changed from the last review Anker Zolo If what we are looking for is an external pocket battery that occupies very little space, the Anker Zolo It can be a very good purchase option. It is located at a price at a price of 20.89 euros And it can be stored practically in any pocket, since its dimensions are approximately 119.9 x 73.4 x 31.4 mm. In addition to this, the external battery offers a 30W load powerincludes an integrated USB-C cable, its capacity is 10,000 mAh and can be recharged in a short time thanks to its 20W power. * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | IPOSIBLE, ANKER, XIAOMI, WASTDE In Xataka | What do you need (according to the EU) for your survival kit and how much can it cost you? In Xataka | Best Power Bank to load your mobile phone. Which to buy and recommended external batteries

This is the situation of trains in Spain after the blackout

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Lost trains in the middle of nowhere (No chance of rescue three of them still at night), all completely stopped nearby services and the large cities collapsed in traffic shot at the lack of mobility in the suburban. The blackout that the April 28, 2025 In Spain he left us without trains and still, despite having recovered almost the entire electricity grid, the rail service continues to present some holes. This is what we know, what works, what does not work and how much we hope to return to normal. Half -gas trains With the generalized blackout yesterday, the Spanish rail system was completely stopped. To shelter travelers, the main Spanish train stations remained open at night although even this was not enough since Some people were out of them covered all capacity. Cercanías services With Renfe’s last update at eight in the morning, the situation is as follows. Lines that work normally or partially: The Cercanías de Asturias and Cantabria lines work normally. Madrid Cercanías: 50% planned service in all lines and in the C5 recovered between Humanes and Atocha and the sections between Pinto and Aranjuez and Guadalajara-Alcalá de Henares, which will not circulate from the beginning. Valencia Cercanías: 100% planned service in C2 lines from Valencia to Xàtiva and C6, without tension in the C1 in the section between chair and gandía. Suspended services: Rodalies in Catalonia The nearby Alicante, Zaragoza, Cádiz, Sevilla, Malaga, Bilbao and San Sebastián do not work. Medium and long distance and high speed services The following services do not work: Avant and Media Distance Services in Andalusia Medium distance and Alvia services in Extremadura High performance services of Ourense-Santiago de Compostela-Coruña and Vigo-Santiago de Compostela-Coruña. Avant service from Toledo Connections between Medina del Campo and Salamanca Metric width between Ferrol – Ortigueira and León – Guard. The following high -speed and long distance lines are working since the beginning of the service: Madrid-Barcelona. Madrid-Valencia/Murcia/Alicante. Madrid-País Vasco. Madrid-algeciras. Malaga-Granada Madrid-Asturias Madrid-Santander Madrid-Córdoba Madrid-Seville Lines that should recover normality throughout the day: Lines without service and without forecast to recover them until new notice: Madrid-Huelva. Madrid-Badajoz. Madrid-Cádiz. Madrid-Galicia. Madrid-Salamanca. Madrid-Logroño. Barcelona-Aliante (Euromed). Basque-Barcelona country. Renfe points out that affected travelers can request the return of the ticket or the change without cost in the Renfe sales channels. To make a trip, the passenger will be able to go to the stations and look for a way to comply with one of the available squares. Metro services As for the operation of trains in the Metro network of the big cities, the situation is as follows: Private services Iro has announced that has recovered normality in the services provided in the corridors of Madrid-Valencia and Madrid-Barcelona. Photo | Xataka In Xataka | The blackout has caused important smoke in several Spanish refineries: it is a sign that security systems have worked

Huawei plans to advise Nvidia in China. It has a new GPU for theory that in theory is extremely powerful

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Huawei is putting all the meat on the grill to absorb so much share in the Chinese GPU market for artificial intelligence (AI) as I can. And it is that the entry into force of the last US sanctions package is compromising with all probability Nvidia leadership in China. The US Department of Commerce It has imposed restrictions to the export to the country led by Xi Jinping of The H20 GPUand this in practice means that this chip presumably will not reach the Chinese clients of Nvidia. This last company has announced that this ban will cause a hole in its accounts of 5,500 million dollars Due to the commitments linked to the H20 GPU that had already acquired the reserves of this chip that it will not finally satisfy. Some of the Chinese companies that have bought large amounts from the H20 chip to NVIDIA and who presumably planned to continue doing them are Tencent, Alibaba or Bytedance, but at the current situation they will have to resort to an alternative. And Huawei has put it on a tray. The GPU Ascend 910D aspires to snatch the leadership in performance from Nvidia Huawei reacted immediately to US sanctions. And is that just a few hours after the entry into force of the new regulation of the Department of Commerce He presented his chip for the ascend 920a solution that is clearly destined to occupy in the Chinese market the gaps that the NVIDIA H20 GPU is going to leave. This proposal will enter large -scale production during the second half of 2025 using 6 NM integration technology that have presumably developed elbow with Huawei elbow and SMIC. Until now Huawei wanted to get his hardware to dominate the inference processes in AI However, this is not the only asset that Huawei has to increase its market share both in China and beyond its country of origin. And is that, According to Reutersthis company is preparing to start the testing and validation phase of a new GPU for AI: The Ascend 910D chip. Unlike the GPU Ascend 920 that, as we have seen, presumably aspires to compete with the NVIDIA H20 chip, the GPU Ascend 910D seeks to overcome the performance of the chip NVIDIA H100. If this movement is confirmed, already priori this information is reliable, it will be evident that Huawei will have chosen to fight in all hardware market segments for the nvidia. Until now this Chinese company wanted to get its hardware dominate the inference processes in AIand not the training of the models, as Georgios Zacharopoulos, a senior researcher of AI who works on the acceleration of inference in the Huawei laboratory in Zurich (Switzerland) points out in this statement. “The training is important, but it only happens a few times. Huawei focuses mainly on inference, which will ultimately give us access to more customers,” says Zacharopoulos. Inference is broadly the computational process carried out by language models with the purpose of Generate the answers which correspond to the requests they receive. In any case, the information we have reflects that the GPU Ascend 910D will allow Huawei to compete with the chips for the most advanced NVIDIA both in inference and in training. Image | Huawei More information | Reuters In Xataka | In a low voice, China has begun to remove some tariffs from US products. Your concern: the chips

The Ministry recalled the existence of paid permits

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Spain has lived a Unpublished day in its historyafter him Mass blackout which kept the entire Iberian Peninsula including Portugal. The incident forced a good part of public transport services, as well as at the close of many companies before the lack of electricity supply and possible security problems. Given this unpublished event, the Ministry of Labor and Social Economy issued several communications through its profile in the social network X in which it remembered the workers: “The Government guarantees the protection of working people in the face of electricity supply problems. Blooded permits are available for affected workers.” Remunerated permits by force majeure As happened with the DANA or other adverse phenomena, the ministry reminds the workers that the Workers Statute It provides special coverage for cases classified as force majeure, preventing companies from retaliation in the form of layoffs or salary sales for this reason. In article 37.3 section G, which addresses the regulations on weekly rest, parties and permits, the statute of the workers establis Imminent, including those derived from a catastrophe or adverse meteorological phenomenon. “ As they remembered from the Ministry, they are covered by the permission paid for causes of force majeure: Because the official recommendations of not moving if it is not strictly necessary given the serious traffic incidents that left streets and roads without light signaling and the great traffic jams that this caused, this article of the Statute of the Workers is applied. In addition, the regulations also collect the assumption of doing the work remotely provided that the networks allow their development, something that could not always be carried out before the fall and saturation suffered by the entire communication network throughout yesterday’s day, and The impossibility of feeding computers. Although most of the services have already been restored with the return of the electricity supply, the official communications warn that, during the day today, Incidents can still be registered In the different services, so it is possible that, in some cases, today they can also benefit from that paid permit when it is not possible to move to the workplace. However, despite the incidents in transport that may remain to be resolved in transport, communication networks remain operational, so the remote work option is viable when possible. In Xataka | Work in times of climate emergency: the government promotes new permits and labor protocols after the DANA Image | Unspashy (Aaron Betts)

After the blackout, Adif has a serious problem on its ways: three “lost” trains in remote states of the network

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Although electric service has begun to recover, almost medium Spain continues in the dark and the sequelae of the blackout remain palpable. In the field of transport, 35,000 passengers trapped were rescued by Renfe, Adif and the Military Emergency Unit (UME). However, there are still three trains to recover. The President of the Government, Pedro Sánchez, He explained that these units are in areas especially difficult to access. Rescue equipment deployed throughout the morning. Since the supply cut occurred on Monday after 12:30, ADIF, Renfe rescue teams and the UME work continuously to recover trapped trains in different parts of the rail network. The difficulty does not reside solely in the lack of electricity, but that some convoys were isolated in difficult access areas, which complicates rescue maneuvers. Adif had already warned That the average and long distance services would not operate throughout the day, regardless of the evolution of the supply, and the suspension also extended to the nearby and rhodalies lines. A clear objective: to recover rail mobility. The government has stressed that one of the priority objectives is to restore the trains circulation as soon as possible, starting with the nearby lines. Pedro Sánchez has pointed out that the objective is to restore mobility in vicinity as soon as possible and also in average and long distance throughout Tuesday, the media and long distance services can also be resumed, although he has clarified that the recovery will ultimately depend on how the electric supply evolves. In parallel, the Minister of Transport and Sustainable Mobility, Óscar Puente, has pointed out That the tension is beginning to stabilize in some areas of the rail network, allowing several trains to resume their march. At the Atocha station, in Madrid, the arrival of at least seven trains that were detained is expected. Click to see the original message in x Open stations as improvised shelters. To mitigate the impact on travelers, Adif has enabled several of its main stations as places of night shelter. Stations such as Atocha, Chamartín, Sants, Valencia, Bilbao, Sevilla, Córdoba, Zaragoza, Valladolid and Malaga will remain open during the night so that those affected can be protected. Besides, The UME has deployed Mantas and basic resources to serve passengers who have been forced to spend the night in the stations. The origin of the blackout, still under investigation. While the recovery work advances, the cause of the blackout remains a source of research. The Government has explained that it occurred The sudden loss of 15 GW of electricity generationa phenomenon that has no precedents in the Spanish energy system. At the moment, no hypothesis about what happened is ruled out. Images | Renfe In Xataka | The fact that illustrates the magnitude that Spain has lived with the blackout: 60% less demand in five seconds

60% of all its energy has vanished in five seconds

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About 22.53 at night, Pedro Sánchez has returned to the Spaniards to communicate news about The great blackout in which Spain has been immersed from 12.32 in the morning. The President of the Government, again without accepting media questions, has begun by pointing out that according to Red Eléctrica data almost 50% of the electricity supply has been restored. At 8:35 p.m., the operator spoke of 35%, so we talked about a good rhythm if we take into account that the The task is titanic According to experts. 60% of the generation suddenly vanished in seconds Just after the blackout, of 25.94 Gigawatts of demanded demand, the real demand was 14.18 gigawatts, reaching 10.55 gigawatts shortly after. Click on the image to go to the Electric Red website. Sanchez still does not explain what the blackout has caused, but he has given figures of something unpublished. As they have communicated from Red Electrica, “at 12.33 this morning, 15 Gigawatts (GW) generation have suddenly lost the system. And have been lost in just 5 seconds. “ As they had already pointed from Red Electrica during the day, as well as other experts, Sánchez has pointed out that “this is something that had never happened.” And has continued: “15 gigawatts equals approximately 60% of the country’s demand at that time“ As explained by the engineer Jorge Morales de Labra in the 24 -hour Channel of RTVE, the wind and photovoltaic electricity generation plants, “they have what is called protection against tension holes.” This means that when there is an incident in the network, the hole causes “that system tension is lost for a few milliseconds.” According to Morales de Labra, some mainly renewable energy -producing facilities, “what they do is that before that disturbance, they disconnect from the network.” If the big question is “What has caused that disappearance?”, The answer is still unknown, according to Sánchez. “It is something that specialists have not yet been able to determine.” As mentioned this morning, remember that they are analyzing all possible causes “without ruling out any hypotheses, no possibility.” Of course, given the possibility of cyber attack, you have to Remember that the EU has ruled out. The Government hopes to recover the light tomorrow throughout the territory Right now we are 50% of the estimated demand, and what Sanchez has communicated is when we will recover normality, or almost. “We work with a clear objective and that tomorrow the light has returned to the entire territory. And in any case, we are already adopting the necessary preventive measures to assist those municipalities to which electricity may take longer to return. ” According to The latest data shared by Red Electricaat 00:00 61.35% of the planned peninsular demand has been recovered, which involves 14,074 GW. We talk about 13.15% in an hour and a half. From 20:35 to 22:30 that percentage was recovered approximately, so right now Recovery is accelerating. A problem he has pointed out during the press conference is that The recovery is very asymmetric: “There are autonomous communities that have already recovered up to 97% of the supply and there are others that, unfortunately they are below 15%.” Therefore, he calls to respond according to the territories. Where the activity has not been recovered, especially, Sanchez asks workers “to prioritize security.” In the face of students, the government recommends following the instructions of regional governments. In Andalusia, Castilla La Mancha, Extremadura, Galicia, La Rioja, Murcia and Community Valencian, level three of Civil Protection has been established, so that there is the Government who controls what is done. And what has been decided is that the centers remain open, without school activity. Image | Thomas Aseyroux in UnspashMoncloa In Xataka | What is the “energy zero” and why the supply can go suddenly but it takes hours to recover

Why half Spain still does not light at home, and will continue like this time

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From 12.33 this Monday, A massive blackout seriously affect Spain and Portugal. In his appearance, Pedro Sánchez explained that what Spanish Electric Electricity technicians communicate is that “15 gigawatts (GW) of generation have suddenly lost, in just five seconds.” Something that, he said, “had never happened.” It is equivalent, it has mentioned, 60% of the country’s demand at that time. Nevertheless, The Government still does not explain the causes behind the trigger of the blackout. In this sense, a Portuguese electric operator has indicated as the origin of the problem to an “induced atmospheric vibration”a strange phenomenon produced by extreme temperature variations inside the peninsula. In the absence of official confirmation, the possible consequence behind this would be A 0.15 Hz drop on the electrical frequencythat Normally on the European network it is fixed at 50 Hzas we can see in Grid radar. And, while in Spain Red Electrica estimated to recover the service “between 6 and 10 hours”, the Portuguese operator was more pessimistic, stating that “recovering normality could take up to a week.” At 22:30, 10 hours after the blackout, Red Electrica has announced that it has recovered 48.2% of the estimated demand for this time. Let’s see what is behind the “black start” or “autogenous start”, the process of restarting the electrical system, so complicated so that the deadlines can be extended so much. “It has to be done slowly” Click to go to the publication. As Red Electrica explained in one of the first communications, we are facing an “exceptional and extraordinary” event that had never happened. Something like this is not common in the world, like Simon Gallagher explainsEnglish electrical engineer with 20 years in the electrical networks sector: “I do not think that a re -energyization of such a large network with such a high penetration of solar energy (PV) has never been made before.” To this is the electrical analyst John Kemp, who He pointed out that: “No one has ever tried a black start in a network as dependent on renewables as Iberia. The limited number of thermal generators will make it difficult to restore speed and frequency control.” And there is an added difficulty. Although we should be prepared for what the weather events can bring, Gallagher points out that Most emergency plans are elaborated by raising situations where gas or coal plants are the protagonistsand without the relevance of renewables in our network. Gallagher commented in the context of acquaintances that they are writing surprised by how long it takes to return normality to electrical infrastructure. According to this engineer, The slow recovery makes all the meaningbecause there are many critical factors to handle in the resolution. First, you have to operate with great care, spending a lot of time identifying which parts of the system are as they should: which are turned off, which ones lit, what damaged equipment, etc. And it is a process that must be done manually. Islands. The second key is that You have to reactivate the system little by little, in stages. The re -energization process requires controlling that each part that adds to the system works correctly. And that, despite what can be thought of in full 2025, often requires that engineers physically move to the substations to do something as simple as closing or opening a switch manually. When starting, you have to gradually reactivate the different areas of the country as if they were “islands”, that is, small networks isolated from each other. In the case of Spain, Red Eléctrica has some of these islands are the axes Aragon-Cataluña, Galicia-León or Duero-France. If they connect a lot very fast, These islands can saturate the generators and fall. The process, Gallagher explains, is complicated coming from a general blackout, because the load for the generators will be huge by being turned off. For the islands to integrate with others, they must be synchronized with each other, establishing that they work at the same frequency and voltage. This, again, requires extreme care and is expensive in time. Related to this is the speed at which the energy must be introduced to the network, then If very fast, the electrical system can be destabilized again (A sudden variation in frequency is what would have produced the first fall) altering negatively the 50 Hz to which the network must operate normally. The Iberian case is peculiar. A problem that Gallagher points out of our system is that solar energy does not inertia, in the sense that it does not help stabilize the frequency, indispensable requirement, or to start nets that are disconnected. We must then resort to alternatives such as gas and coal centrals, which have to start without help from others, and that is a slow and expensive process in resources. Another added problem, and that lengthens recovery is that The batteries of the substations, which are doing their job from the blackout, begin to run out. That means that, as we said before, they cannot be energized remotely, and it is problematic even if physical displacements occur to them, because base energy is needed for protection systems to work. How is the “Black Start in Spain” From the beginning of the problem, Spain has worked to work with the authorities of France and Moroccowho have collaborated to help re -Energify the areas of the south and north of the Iberian Peninsula. According to Red Eléctrica, together with this foreign aid, Spain has had a group of hydroelectric plants with the ability to start autonomously, without help from others, as we explained before. In doing so, they have begun to be coupled to the network, growing the aforementioned islands. At this time, according to the company, and According to the worldthere are no islands left. “ Image | Alexandru Boicu In Unspash In Xataka |

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