A massive study links it with a higher risk of chronic pain in adult

During generations, the message has been the same: menstrual pain is normal, a “girls” to endure. But the reality is that a pain of great draft never It is something that should have been normalized. Now, a Longitudinal study Published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe comes to disassemble this myth and to give an alarm voice: Have painful periods In adolescence it is linked to health problems in the future. A public health problem. The methodology of this study has been based on the monitoring of more than a thousand participants in the United Kingdom for decades. In this way, not only has it been confirmed, it has been concluded that the more severe the menstrual pain at age 15, the greater the probability of developing chronic pain a decade later, at 26. In this way, menstrual pain goes from being normalized to a serious public health problem. A methodology with long -term views. To get to this conclusion, the researchers They used data of the Longitudinal Avon Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), An ambitious project that has followed the lives of thousands of people since birth in the 90s. They analyzed the information of 1,157 participants, evaluating the severity of their menstrual pain at 15 years classified as null, mild, moderate or severe. Subsequently, once these participants were already 26 years old, an analysis of their health status was carried out by asking if They suffered some kind of chronic pain. Something that was defined as a pain that lasted at least three months. Worrying figures. After adjusting the data to rule out the influence of other factors such as BMIthe socioeconomic level or previous mental health problems, the results were clear. The first of all, is that adolescents with moderate dysmenorrhea, that is, with strong enough pain to not be able to ignore it, they had an extra 65% probability of suffering chronic pain in the adult stage compared to those without menstrual pain. In the case of the most severe dysmenorrhea, which prevent normal activities, the risk is triggered up to 76% of suffering chronic pain in the future. These data translate into an increase in absolute risk of 12.7 and 16.2 percentage points, respectively. It is a difference too big to be ignored. The study also revealed how common this problem is: almost 60% of adolescents in the sample reported moderate to severe menstrual pain. A problem that extends through the body. One of the most interesting findings in the study is that the association is not limited to the classic abdominal or lumbar pain, which could be considered an extension menstrual pain. What happens in this case is that adolescents with severe dysmenorrhea show a greater risk of chronic head pain, back, knees, dolls, hips and thighs. Because? The authors of the study suggest that behind all this is a central sensitivity. To understand it, we must bear in mind that in adolescence there is a great neuroplasticity, where the nervous system is especially moldable. The repeated experience of intense and poorly managed pain, such as dysmenorrhea, can “train” the nervous system so that it becomes hypersensitive. In essence, the brain and spinal cord learns to be in a constant alert state, which increases vulnerability to develop other types of pain in the future, even in those areas that are not at all related. For Dr. Rachel Reid-McCann, principal researcher, “It is possible that the experience of moderate or severe menstrual pain can alter the structure of the brain and how it works in response to painful stimuli, making chronic pain more likely in the future.”. It is not a purely psychological. In the study itself, researchers have seen a relationship between dysmenorrhea and a subsequent increased symptoms related to anxiety and depression. But these factors only explained a small part of the connection with chronic pain and this reinforces the idea that the main cause is a physiological mechanism, and not simply that “pain is in the head.” You have to stop normalizing pain. The conclusion of the study is a call to action for father, educators and, above all, for the health system. Normalize menstrual pain and dispatch it as “is normal” has great long -term consequences. And that will go to the health system. The researchers point out that menstrual stigma and the lack of education on menstrual health cause many young people not to seek help, or that when they do, their complaints are minimized. In this way, it is believed that early identification and good control of dysmenorrhea can be key to improving the immediate well -being of adolescents and preventing the appearance of serious health problems in the future. Images | Saranya7 In Xataka | A baby, three parents (biological): a promising fertilization technique that, for now, we will not see in Spain

The US has found a new way to torpedo China. The problem is that it takes ahead to South Korea

The truce is over. The US does not want integrated circuit manufacturing equipment that resort to US technologies and innovations They arrive in China. Not even chips factories that They do not belong to Chinese companies. In 2022 the US Department of Commerce granted a temporary exemption to several manufacturers of foreign semicondators who have plants in China so that they could equip their facilities with the machines they needed. But this permissive period has expired. From now on any chips manufacturer who has plants in China will have to request a license from the US Commerce Department to be able to install in its factories machines with US components or technologies. Intel has sold Your Dalian plant (China), so this measure no longer affects it. However, there are two South Korean companies of enormous relevance in the semiconductor industry whose business can be deeply conditioned by the restrictions imposed by the US: Samsung and SK Hynix. The Department of Commerce is not reassuring These two South Korean companies need to send new manufacturing machines of integrated circuits to their China plants to protect their competitiveness, and without the approval of the US administration they cannot do so. Lithography equipment that manufactures asml They incorporate American technologies (The ultraviolet light source of UVE and UVP machines is produced by the company of Californian origin Cymer, which is now integrated into ASML). And presumably the lithographic equipment of Tokyo Electron, Nikon and Canon also, which gives the US the power to control which countries can use this technology. The Commerce Department has noticed that it will not grant licenses that pursue expand the production capacity in China or update the existing technology The Department of Commerce has anticipated which will deliver the necessary licenses so that foreign chip manufacturers can continue to operate their China plants. The restrictions will begin in 120 days, so these companies They still have some margin to react. However, in its statement the Department of Commerce He has also warned that will not grant licenses that pursue expand production capacity in China or update existing technology. For Samsung and SK Hynix this limitation represents a serious problem. Samsung produces Nand Flash chips in Xian, and SK Hynix manufactures DRAM integrated circuits in Wuxi and Nand Flash in Dalian. Equipating these plants with avant -garde equipment can make a difference in your business. What the US Government pursues with this measure is to minimize the risk that the vanguard wafer lithography and wafering equipment that manufactures ASML, Apply Materials or Tokyo Electron Caigan in the hands of China. In addition, these restrictions make it difficult for the avant -garde chips to produce Samsung and SK Hynix They arrive at China’s distribution chain. A spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce of China has declared that “Beijing opposes this US measure and will take the necessary measures to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of companies.” On the other hand, the South Korean government is negotiating with its American counterpart to protect the business of its companies in China. Image | ASML More information | Reuters | Nikkei Asia In Xataka | China is very clear about what you should do to win the Chips War to the US: resort to their technology geniuses

We believed that the most complicated summer of F-35 had ended. Until his software made him kamikaze on the Arctic

In mid-August it seemed frankly difficult for something more to the brand new F-35 of Lockheed Martin. After the plane stranded for a month In India, the reverse from Spain to an order (to which they have added other countries), and A second breakdown Of a hunt, this time in Japan, the quota of fatalities seemed complete. Until a report has appeared that calls for the plane and its sophisticated software. An accident and its causes. Now we know that on January 28, 2025 an F-35a of the United States Air Force, assigned to the 354th combat wing at the base of Eielson (Alaska), He crashed After taking off in training mission as part of a group of four aircraft. He Official Report of the Pacific Air Forces revealed that the main cause was the fluid freezing Hydraulic contaminated with water in the shock absorbers of the landing train, which prevented the complete extension of the struts and caused that the weight sensors on wheels on wheels They will erroneously interpret That the plane was on the ground while still flewing. Kamikaze mode. This false signal automatically activated the “on-aund” control mode in full flight, the aircraft becoming uncontrollable. Luckily, the pilot managed to eject and survived with minor injuries, but the plane, valued in 196.5 million dollarsit was completely lost. Emergency in flight. The problem was immediately manifested: the front train was misaligned at 17 degrees and could not retract. After radio consultations with engineers from Lockheed Martin and a flight supervisor, the pilot tried for almost an hour Reactivate the wheel using two “touch-And-go” maneuvers. However, the ice also blocked the main trains, and at the second attempt the sensors indicated that the aircraft had landed. What happened then? That the system automatically changed to Operation mode on landdrastically reducing the control capacity. The pilot, nicknamed in The “MP” reportmanaged to eject just before the hunt went into loss and fell into chopped. The device came to rise more than 1,000 meters after the ejection, and then rush vertically, in the sequence recorded in a video that went viral. Technical and maintenance factors. The investigation He explained that the ice in the struts, added to the bad alignment of the front -train blocking hook, damaged metal components and prevented the correct system coupling. In addition, and very important, the Wow sensors (Critics in the F-35 Flight Control Logic, known as Claws) showed vulnerability in extreme cold conditions, something that Lockheed Martin already He had warned In previous maintenance bulletins. In other words, the ice “cheated” to the software. The report Underline that water pollution in hydraulic fluids derived from poor management of hazardous materials and breaches in service protocols. These negligence, together with decision -making during the emergency, were considered contributing factors to the accident. Implications and lessons. No doubt, the case has highlighted the complexity inherent in the high F-35 automationwhere a sensor failure can trigger waterfall reactions in the control software. Although nine days later another F-35A was able to land with a similar problem in the train without consequences, the Research Board stressed that, with the available information, the safest option would have been to order an immediate landing or a controlled ejection instead of risking a second attempt to maneuver. Although the report did not issue recommendations Formal policy changes, did highlight the need to reinforce compliance with maintenance protocols, supervision of fluid use and preparation for operations in Arctic environments. Strategic repercussions. In short, the accident, Without fatalitieshighlights the challenges of operating fifth generation fighters in extreme conditions such as Alaska, where temperatures close to –17 ºC can aggravate technical vulnerabilities. Not just that. It also offers a warning to future operators in cold climates, Like Canada and Finlandwhich must consider the reliability of the sensors and the resilience of the control systems in hostile environments. Beyond the technical, the event illustrates how the sophistication of the F-35, with its dependence on algorithms and automation, can become a risk factor in unforeseen emergenciesforcing to rethink the balance between human control and software in new generation military aircraft. Image | US AIR National Guard/Tech. Sgt. Adam Keele In Xataka | It is being a complicated summer for the US F-35: after the “no” of Spain Russia and China have appeared to do more damage In Xataka | A group of countries is being formed after the decision of Spain: those that are closing the door to the US F-35

Soon one of them will stop being manufactured

Little time has passed since Nintendo announced his second pack For the Nintendo Switch 2 And now we are in a crucial moment for those who want to opt for one of the two packs that are available. The reason? In a short time one of the two will stop manufacturing. To give context, these are the two packs that are now available: Nintendo Switch 2 + ‘Mario Kart World‘ by 509 euros. Nintendo Switch 2 + ‘Pokémon legends: za‘ by 509 euros. Nintendo Switch 2 + ‘Mario Kart World’ * Some price may have changed from the last review Nintendo Switch 2 + ‘Pokémon legends: za’ * Some price may have changed from the last review A key moment to choose pack The pack with ‘Mario Kart World’ will stop manufacturing next October. What should be an indicated date for Nintendo, it is a bittersweet moment. On October 16, the second pack will be launched which includes the Nintendo Switch 2 along with ‘Pokémon legends: za‘, but it will also be the date (the month really) in which the Nintendo Switch 2 pack will stop manufacturing along with’Mario Kart World‘, as our 3DJUGOS colleagues collected in their day. That is why right now we are in an important and interesting time in order to buy the Nintendo Switch 2 in Pack, since We can choose between one of the two that are available: that of ‘Mario Kart World’ for having been launched and that of ‘Pokémon legends: za’ for being in reserve period. This does not mean that as of October you can not buy the ‘Mario Kart World’ pack: it is the date on which it will stop manufacturing, but It is likely that stores continue to have stock for a timeas happened similarly with ‘Super Mario 3D All-Stars‘, that He stopped manufacturing and disappeared from eShopalthough it was available in stores for a brief period of time. You may also interest you Zelda Tears of the Kingdom – Nintendo Switch 2 Edition * Some price may have changed from the last review Donkey Kong Bananza- Switch 2 * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Image | Alejandro AlcoleaNintendo In Xataka | The best accessories for your switch: covers, transport bags, batteries, and more In Xataka | What Micro SD card for Nintendo Switch buy. Better recommendations and 10 outstanding models

It is increasingly cheap, and we are increasingly paying more than ever to use it

Every time Chatgpt generates a word, that costs money. But the price of that word generated has not stopped falling since the launch of that model, and the same goes for its rivals. Today we have AI models that are not only more powerful, but also They are cheaper than everand the funny thing is that we are paying more and more to use them. What is happening? Tokens. OpenAI define Tokens as “common character sequences found in a text set.” That “basic unit” of information It is what these models use to understand what we are saying and then process those texts to answer. Every time we use ChatgPT we have on the one hand the request with the text we introduce (input tokens) and on the other the text generated by the chatbot (output tokens). Price per million tokens (dollars) Entrance Exit GPT-5 1.10 10 GPT-4O 2.5 10 O1 15 60 Gemini 2.5 Pro ( 200ktokens) 2.5 15 Claude Opus 4.1 15 75 Claude sonnet 4 ( 200k Tokens) 6 22.5 Price per million tokens. And when we use an AI model, the price of using it is precisely measured how much it costs every million input tokens and every million output tokens. The more powerful a model is, the higher the price of those tokens, and to get an idea these are the prices of some current models. The prices of the output tokens (those generated by the machines) are remarkably higher than those of entry: it costs much more to generate text than “to receive and understand it.” AI models are getting better and getting cheaper. At least, in terms of cost per million tokens. Source: Epoch AI. But prices have not stopped down. Those prices per million input or output tokens, however, have fallen remarkably since ChatgPT (at that time based on GPT-3.5) appeared on the scene. An Epoch AI study March 2025 revealed how the price of inference – generating text, as they do chatgpt, gemini or Claude – has not stopped falling. In some cases the models are smaller and efficient, and also the hardware is also now more profitable, which favors that price drop. And we still pay more and more for using the AI. However, developers who use these AI models to program are realizing that their invoices are increasingly high. These types of professionals have been the ones who have taken advantage of the advantages of this technology, but in doing so they have realized that contradiction. Actually the explanation is simple. Reason spends many tokens. The problem is that reasoning models consume many tokens. This type of technology improves the precision of the answers, but to achieve it the models do not stop “thinking” and generating different theories and then analyzing them and keeping the solution they consider more likely or better. The models that “do not think” and generate text “only once” consume few tokens, but those who “reason” multiply that cost remarkably. The Vibe Coding comes out expensive. The most expensive example of those high costs of AI have it in the “Vibe Coding” platforms. With them it is possible to program almost without knowing how to program, but these tools make an extensive use of the AI ​​models, and there the consumption of tokens (especially those of exit, which are the most expensive) shoot. Several companies in this segment, such as Windsurf or Cursorthey have realized how difficult it is to make money with AIand there are also various users They are warning of those Shot costs In Reddit, for example. And AI agents promise to be very expensive. IA agents are expected to be able to do many things for usbut these systems will be expensive because they will also consume many tokens to understand, “reason” and reach the desired solution. Solution: Use you that do not think so much. Faced with those IAS that “reason” and consume many costs, the alternative is clear: not to resort to the reasoning models and instead opt for models that “do not reason” to reduce costs. These models are much cheaper to use and can be useful for many scenarios. Fortunately, models of efficient and increasingly cheap that reason are also appeared: Deepseek R1 is a good proof of this. The famous router may not be a bad idea. When OpenAI GPT-5 launched He did it with his famous “router” or “router” that analyzed the request and decided on its own what variant of the model (more or less powerful) had to answer the question. As we saw, That router tends to choose to use the “cheap” modelbut that is not a bad idea. Neither for OpenAI (who costs much less processing the answer) nor for users (who also consume less resources and have more free fee for other questions that perhaps need “reasoning”). Image | Levart Photography | IGAL Ness In Xataka | AI agents are promising. But as in Tesla’s FSD, you better not take your hands from the steering wheel

For years the Airbus A380 symbolized European power against Boeing. Today it survives as a colossus without the kingdom

The Airbus A380 was born as a huge dream, almost a declaration of intentions of the European industry in front of the Boeing’s historical domain. It was the passenger plane bigger in the worldwith two full plants, space for bars and suites, and a silence in cabin that turned the flight hours into a different experience. For Airbus, the program was not just a commercial project: it was the tangible proof that Europe could look in front of the United States in the field of civil aviation, raising a colossus capable of marking a before and after in the heavens. For a while he got it. Each A380 landing turned an airport platform into a show. Thousands of curious people came to see that mole of 73 meters long and 24 meters higha building with wings that imposed only with its shadow. It was a continental pride, an engineering triumph and a symbol of what could be achieved when several countries align resources, knowledge and ambition. However, that same pride soon began to live with an uncomfortable question: how is it possible that a plane that seemed perfect has had such a short tour? The dream of the global hub and the change of the market direction When Airbus conceived the A380, he did it under a clear premise: the future of aviation would go through increasingly saturated Megahubs. His strategy bet on a “Hub-And-Spoke” model in which passengers would come together in large airports and then distribute on connection flights. The A380 was the key piece of that puzzle: a gigantic plane capable of reducing congestion by transporting more than 500 people at once. In theory, the business was solid. Airbus estimated that more than one thousand units of very large capacity aircraft would be sold in the following two decades. But reality was very different: The market was fragmented towards more frequencies and smaller airplanesweakening at the root the argument that justified the European giant. At the same time, the technical revolution changed the rules of the game. The advance of long -range bimoretores, with increasingly wide ethops certificationsallowed to fly virtually any intercontinental route with only two engines. The Boeing 777 and, later, the 787 and he demonstrated that the same autonomy could be offered as a four -way, but with less consumption, less maintenance and greater operational flexibility. That remained attractive to an airplane that, although efficient per seat in high occupation conditions, depended on filling hundreds of places to be really profitable. In a market that preferred more daily flights with smaller airplanes, the A380 began to run out of hole. The infrastructure also played against. The A380 was classified as aircraft F code (65-80 m of wingspan)which forced many airports to invest in specific positions, double catwalks and adapted filming streets. The compatibility manuals of A380 itself They detail those demands. For Hubs like Heathrow or Dubai, those investments made sense; For the rest, they were a difficult expense to justify. Even in prepared airports, rotation times were more complex than with other airplanes, and that remained efficiency against models that could operate with less conditions. Thus, the one who should be the undisputed king of the skies ended up being an exclusive guest in a few airports on the planet. The operational economy did not help either. With occupancy rates close to 100%, the A380 offered a cost per competitive seatbut when the demand went down the model became a heavy load. In addition, its load capacity in the cellar was not as flexible as that of rivals as the 777-300er or the A350-1000, which combined better passengers and goods. In practice, the A380 was a technical prodigy but too sensitive to occupation factor already variables that escaped the control of the airlines. Despite these difficulties, the program resisted thanks to a main client: Emirates. The Gulf airline turned the A380 into its flagship and accumulated more than a hundred units. But that dependency was lethal. In 2019, Emirates drastically reduced his A380 request To bet on A350 and the A330neo. Airbus officially assumed it With a overwhelming statement: without that support there was not enough request for request to keep production alive. The decision was irreversible: on February 14, 2019, the end of the program was announced, and In 2021 the last unit was delivered. The two -storey giant had come to an end with just 251 copies manufacturedfar from the initial forecasts. The outcome left an obvious paradox. The passengers worshiped the A380, their flight experience was unsurpassed and their presence generated expectation where it flew. But the airlines, in general, did not want it in their balances. The liquidity problems in the second -hand market confirmed it: The first A380 returned by Singapore Airlines ended up scrapped for piecesa curious outcome for such a young plane. The outbreak of the pandemic in 2020 seemed to seal the fate of the A380. The majority of airlines sent it to prolonged storage, and some even They announced their final withdrawal. However, the recovery of international demand and delays in the deliveries of new wide fuselage aircraft, such as the Boeing 777xThey changed the script. Emirates invested billions in reconditioning its fleet With new cabins, Lufthansa recovered some units and Qantas, Singapore or Etihad They also reactivated part of their planes. The A380 thus found a second life, although much more limited: it is still useful in high demand routes and in airports with slots problems, but its long -term future remains marginal. The A380 is not the only one to live this transition. The Boeing 747, which for decades was the real “Jumbo Jet”, closed its production line. The difference is that 747 has found a stronger niche in the cargo market, thanks to The Morro Gate of 747-8F and its volume capacity. In passengers, a few units are barely survived in the hands of Lufthansa and Korean Air, but their time also seems told. The relay is already underway: the … Read more

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