Month: June 2025

We had been waiting for the portable Xbox for years. We had it together with our noses

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In March of this same year all roads began to converge in the same direction: the Portable Xbox began to appear the leg. Under the Keenan code name, the leaks pointed to an OEM console (manufactured by another company), with a certain reminiscence of Xbox in the design and Windows as an operating system. The leaks have been fulfilled, and the portable Xbox is official. Or is it not an Xbox? Rog Xbox Ally and Rog Xbox Ally X. ROG has been the OEM chosen by Microsoft to manufacture its portable Xbox. For the least familiar with the gaming world, ROG (Republic of Gamers) is a brand of the Taiwanese giant Asus. This division is centered on hardware oriented to high performance game. Xbox Series X: First impressions – Are you going to give us great joys? Under the names Rog Xbox Ally and Rog Xbox Ally XThe company will launch two consoles in the late 2025. Details about reservations, price or possible accessories are not yet known. The hardware. Xbox has revealed what the main specifications of these consoles will be. The X will be the most powerful model. The chip will be the AMD Ryzen Z2 A In the case of the ROG Ally, and an Ryzen AI Z2 Extreme for the X variant. Both will share seven -inch Full HD screen, IPS and with 500 nits, with frequency of 120 Hz refreshment and protection Corning Gorilla Glass Victus with Anti -reflective coating. They differ in processor, memoir (16 GB LPDDR5X-6400 vs. 24 GB LPDDR5X-8000, and 512 GB vs 1 TB), as well as more ports and battery for the X model (60 WH vs 80 Wh, both with 65W). The software. The leaks have been fulfilled and, as they pointed out, these consoles will arrive with Windows 11 Personalized by Rog. The interface is practically a tracing with respect to that of the desktop console: Microsoft has become obsessed so that Windows works quickly in this console. Taking a look at the information shared by Xbox, we see that the launcher is identical to that of Xbox in desktop, with the direct accesses on the left side, quick access to our recently played videos, suggestions of new deliveries, etc. The experience of use. Microsoft has minimized the consumption of resources in the background so that, as soon as the console starts, the experience is as fast as possible. The ergonomics of the buttons is based on the Xbox command. In fact, if you look well in the design of the product, it is practically a screen embedded between two Xbox controls. Years betting on the cloud. Xbox has been focusing efforts for the cloud for years. Xbox Cloud Gaminglook towards all kinds of formats (Like television itself without the need for console), Focus on the mobile phonee Even streaming of our own video games. Rog Xbox Ally will allow you to enjoy the cloud game not only through gamepass, but also with alternatives such as Epic Games, Battle.net … And even Steam. It is, of course, compatible with Xbox Play Anywherethe Xbox solution to avoid duplicate payments: the games are paid once, and can be enjoyed both in Xbox and PC. An Xbox that does not want to be just an Xbox. The Rog Xbox Ally key will be, precisely, when you want to go beyond Xbox. Being based on Windows, not only can you natively execute those deliveries specially made for Xbox: it is expected that it can execute games purchased on other platforms. This console, despite the name, is closer to a PC than an Xbox, and the company’s point is clear: “These consoles work with Windows, you have access to all PC games” (as long as they meet the requirements to be executed. The point is that … this already existed. If we look at the Xbox Rog Ally panel specifications and a good part of their speers … we are facing A sister of the Rog Ally. The Xbox Rog Ally has more power, haptic triggers, a different design and, perhaps the key, an optimized launcher for Xbox users to feel more comfortable. This console went on the market for 799 euros, 899 In the case of variant X. With a higher level hardware, there will be no miracle that prevents this console from selling about 1,000 euros. Xbox Rog Ally does not come to compete with Switch 2it is an immersion by Microsoft in the world of “HANDLED PC”one of the most competitive niches in the gaming world. Image | Xbox In Xataka | Adult life has made me sitting to play is increasingly complicated. Until I bought a portable console

Seven IAS have played 36 hours in a row to Diplomacy. What we did not expect is that each one develop a human personality

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For 36 hours, seven of the most advanced AI models in the world They have faced in several diplomacy gamesa strategy table game similar to Risk. It was a mirror that revealed the true algorithmic personalities of Chatgpt, Claude, Gemini and company. Why is it important. Alex Duffy, programmer and researcher, created a Diplomacy as new Benchmark To evaluate AI models. The experiment ended up being something else, a kind of technological Rorschach test that undressed both their training biases and our own projections. What has happened. In dozens of games transmitted by Twitch, each model developed its own strategies in a way that seemed to reflect different human personalities. O3 of OpenAi It was quite Machiavellian, working false alliances for more than 40 shifts and creating “parallel realities” for different players. Claude 4 Opus It was a kind of self -destructive pacifist, refusing to betray even when that guaranteed its defeat. R1 of Deepseek He showed an extremely theatrical style, with threats not caused as “your fleet will burn in the Black Sea tonight.” Gemini 2.5 Pro It proved to be a solid strategist but more vulnerable to sophisticated manipulations. QWQ-32B From Alibaba suffered analysis by analysis, writing diplomatic messages of 300 words that cost him early eliminations. The context. Diplomacy is a European strategy game set in 1901 where seven powers compete to dominate the continent. Unlike risk, it requires constant negotiation, alliances formation and, inevitably, calculated betrayals. There are no grace given, only pure strategy and psychological manipulation. Between the lines. Each “algorithmic personality” reflects the values ​​of its creators. Claude maintains the principles of anthropic security even when it costs victory. O3 shows ruthless efficiency valued in Silicon Valley. Deepseek exhibits a drama that reflects specific cultural influences. And there is also something deeper. These are not “chose” to be cooperative or competitive. They reproduce patterns of their training data. Their “decisions” are our algorithmized prejudices, converted into code. Yes, but. We interpret betrayals where “only” there is optimization of parameters and we see loyalty where there are training restrictions. That is why the experiment also reveals more about us than about models: we anthropomorphize behaviors because we need to understand AI in human terms. In perspective. Duffy’s experiment is worth more than a Benchmark Anyone because it has created a window to how we project personality in systems that operate for statistical patterns. The course of the games was a reminder that IA has no hidden intentions, it only reflects ours. The experiment, by the way, Continue broadcasting on Twitch so that anyone can observe how our digital creations play according to the rules that we ourselves write in their algorithms. In Xataka | Outstanding image | Ai Diplomacy

With Renault doing combat drones

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It happened in World wars of the last century, and has passed again in Ukraine after the invasion of Russia. We talk about the factor conversion Automotive in military production plants, a story that was news again a few months ago in Germany when the almighty Rheinmetall, the largest defense contractor, began to negotiate with Volkswagen himself To convert one of its plants in tank producer. However, the news that has been known in the last hours is, perhaps, even more surprising. France does not want to be left behind. It We have counted Before, the Ukraine War has transformed in just three years the Combat drone In the tactical weapon more influential of the 21st century, relegating many traditional doctrines to the archive and forcing European powers to adapt to a war reality that moves through invisible swarms, artificial intelligence and remote maneuvers. In that context, France has decided not to be left behind. THE PACT. The most recent and surprising announcement: the collaboration between Renault and a French SME of the defense sector To produce drones Combat in Ukrainian soil, a movement that marks a radical turn in the industrial strategy of Paris. As The Minister of Defense explained Sébastien Lecornu, it is a “Win-Win” agreement with Ukraine, in which the automotive group joins a specialized firm to establish assembly lines within the country at war (exact locations have not been revealed for obvious reasons for security). Nor has it specified what type of models, although it is known that They will be destined both to the Ukrainian Armed Forces and the French army, which seeks to train with systems directly developed in the real operating environment. Local production with Ukrainian brain. The essence of the agreement is, not only in the physical transfer of the assembly chains to Ukraine, but in the Explicit trust deposited in the experience of Ukrainian technicians, engineers and operators. Lecornu lo has expressed clearly: “They are better than us designing drones and, above all, developing the accompanying doctrine.” In fact, French personnel will not be sent to factories: production will be completely national In Ukrainian terms, reinforcing kyiv’s war economy at the same time and France’s military learning capacity. This synergy between real -time tactical knowledge and heavy industrial capabilities puts Ukraine in a central position as a warpacket pole. The most notorious example: the “Spiderweb” operationin which drones hidden in civil trucks were deployed thousands of kilometers from the border, attacking Russian aerodromes in Siberia. These tactics, impossible to anticipate only a decade ago, today are raw material for military strategy from all over. A European industry. The truth is that France It is not the only power that has decided to manufacture in Ukraine. The trend comes long and we count it last week: Europe bets for making the country invaded by Russia its new defense platform. Finland has already established A production plant of drones with local partners and start mass production in 2025. The Netherlands have committed 700 million euros To this industry, the United Kingdom will invest additional hundreds next year, and Norway has Redi -retracted military funds specifically for the development and manufacture of Ukrainian drones. In parallel, NATO has decided to institutionalize this impulse with a specific mechanism of Armament productionannounced at the last Ramstein summit. No doubt, for Ukraine, that plans to manufacture more than 4.5 million drones By 2025, these agreements represent a vital source of resources, technology and industrial legitimacy. France to counterreloj. Despite its historical influence on military, France has been one of the great lags in the technological career of the drone. Such and as he acknowledged General Jean-Paul Perruche, former director of the EU military General Staff, the country spoke of drones already in the 80s, but the lack of “important” conflicts caused development to stagnate, while the United States, China and even advanced. Today, the French army has Around 3,000 dronesa modest figure compared to the Ukrainian vision of millions deployed in the coming months. A fact to place it in perspective: in the front, the 70% of destruction Russian team is already attributed to drones, not tanks or classical artillery. France, like other allies, is recognizing that the unmanned revolution is no longer a promise of the future, but a present unquestionable. The war as a catalyst. In short, France has made the decision to be Main actor in Ukraine with a collaboration that has several readings and with the symbolic figure of Renault on the front. These ties between one of the most historical car companies on the planet and the military industry is not just an example of pragmatic adaptation to a prolonged conflict: it is also a sign that the 21st century defense economy is already does not distinguish between civil and military. The alliance with Ukraine, based on a logic of complementarity (experience in combat by kyiv, industrial capacity by Paris) represents a New cooperation model European against hybrid and prolonged threats. While the battlefield is digitized and the airspace becomes a swarm Of sensors, ammunition and cameras, the drone is no longer just an accessory, it is the backbone of the modern military strategy. On that board, Ukraine is positioned as the experimental laboratory more relevant From the planet, and France (with Renault) does not want to lose that train. Image | Wikimedia, Rawpixel In Xataka | The US is leaving Ukraine without help, so Ukraine has proposed something to Europe: you give me the money, I manufacture my arms In Xataka | We believed that the large numbers of soldiers dead in combat were a thing of the past. Until the Ukraine War arrived

For the price it has, few teles interest me as much as Xiaomi’s. It comes with Fire TV, 75 -inch qled panel and Alexa

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A few years ago I bought a Xiaomi TV. Although I do not have to change it, there is another of the same brand that attracts my attention: the Xiaomi TV F Pro in its 75 -inch configuration. It has a good size, it is quite complete and its price is not very high. The brand’s official store has this model by 799 euros instead of the official price that reaches 999 euros. Xiaomi TV F Pro (QLED, 75 inches) * Some price may have changed from the last review A TV with Fire TV, Alexa and FilmMaker mode The particularity of the Xiaomi TV F Pro It is like a kind of revision of the Xiaomi TV A Pro, but with an important addition: instead of Google TV, it comes with the operating system Fire TVthat of the Amazon devices that we saw previously on the smart TV Xiaomi TV F2. The truth is that in addition to this peculiarity, we talk about a quite complete television. Mount one QLED screen of, in this case, 75 inches offered by a 4K UHD resolution and a 60 Hz soda rate. It also includes the Filmmaker mode And it is compatible with both HDR10+ as with HLG. On the other hand, the Xiaomi TV F Pro integrates two speakers that offer a total of 20W. These speakers are compatible with Dolby Audio, DTS-X and DTS-Virtual. In addition, the television comes with other matches equally interesting: AirPlayMiracast, the voice assistant Alexaincludes several HDMI, USB and Bluetooth ports, among other connectivity options. You may also interest these sound bars for Xiaomi TV LG S40T – Smart Sound Bar, 300W, 2.1 channels, Dolby Digital and DTS surround sound, wide connectivity, HDMI, Bluetooth, USB, optical input, black * Some price may have changed from the last review SAMSUNG SOUND BAR HW -B650D – DOLBY ATMOS, INTEGRATED SIDE SHEETS, SOUND WITH AI * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Xiaomi In Xataka | Best televisions in quality price. Which to buy and seven recommended 4K 4K In Xataka | The best Xiaomi mobile price: purchase and comparative guide

Enroll an old car as a historical to circulate in Madrid or Barcelona seems like a great idea. He does not always work

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If you are thinking of entering Madrid with a vehicle without sticker, we have bad news: Since January 1, 2024 You can’t move through the capital unless you are a neighbor. And, it remains to be seen, if you can do next year because the intention was to prevent it this year but the City Council ended back. Nor can you do it in Barcelona at any time. Specifically, a vehicle without environmental label cannot circulate through the Metropolitan Area of ​​Barcelona (AMB) Monday to Friday from 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. In order to do so, you must ask for an authorization with, at least 24 hours in advance and may not do so more than 24 days a year. Although there are more low -emission areas in Spain (ZBE) and, in fact, we should have restrictions on all municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants. The truth is that only Madrid and Barcelona apply Hard restrictions. The rest of Spanish cities barely restrict access to a small part of them. In parallel, a door was opened to those who have a car without sticker. “What if I do historical?” The reason must be sought in the new Historical Vehicle Regulation, which allows these vehicles circulating through the ZBE … although there are important nuances to take into account. A historical vehicle for my zbe … more or less When the new one was taken a few months ago Historical Vehicle Regulations It was specified that there would be no City Council or any other institution that could prevent the movement of these cars. In fact, the following was specified: “The new regulation urges the municipalities to, in the exercise of their powers for the regulation of urban roads and for the restriction of circulation to certain vehicles in these roads for environmental reasons, establish formulas in their municipal ordinances that allow circulation to those owners who make a sporadic or non -common use of their historical vehicles.” However, aware of the implications that this could have, the following was also specified: “The use of historical vehicles will be occasional and in no case as a means of daily transport to minimize their environmental impact, and the use of historical vehicles to make public transport of travelers or merchandise and for agricultural activities or works and services is generally prohibited.” For the government, that “occasional use” has a number: 96 days a year. But with this figure an obvious question also arises: how are you controlled these 96 days a year? No one knows it and the regulation itself does not collect it. Thus, there are those who have had an idea. If I can use the historical car 96 days a year It means that I can circulate eight days every month with the vehicle. It is possible that, if we do not go to the city center every day because, for example, we telework, those eight days a month are more than enough to cover our tickets to Madrid or Barcelona. In fact, if we discount the month of vacation, we almost added one more day to each month. Taking into account that, right now, cars without label They add up to 25 years in the case of gasoline, you don’t have to go much further back to have a historical vehicle. Of course, you must meet the following requirement, as specified in Motorpasion: “To have been manufactured or enrolled for the first time 30 years ago, having stopped producing its specific type and being in its original state, without having undergone any fundamental change in its main characteristics or components. As a novelty, it is also required that they are in a correct state of maintenance and conservation.” That is, whoever wants to access the city center can be made with a car that has been enrolled before 1995. A second generation Seat Ibiza, for example, but it cannot have been subjected to fundamental changes or replace its main components. That said, can we circulate with him through the great Spanish Zbe? Well, in Madrid, technically, we can because the Municipal Mobility Ordinance that includes all the information related to Madrid 360 invites us to circulate with such a vehicle. Of course, you have to take some things into account: We cannot park in regulated parking areas since no label without label can do it. If we access more than 96 times a year (access controls it) we can be playing a fine since when it comes to registering it as a historical one, a responsible statement in which we promise not to move the car more than 96 days a year. The fine for not complying is 200 euros (100 euros with soon payment) which is reflected in the Traffic law, motor vehicle circulation and road safetyin its article 76 Z3. In Barcelona, ​​the matter is more confusing. At the moment, nothing has been approved that allows the entry of historical vehicles in the ZBE of the Metropolitan Area of ​​Barcelona in the restricted schedule only to cars without stickers. It is known that has been working on it But nothing has been completed. The problem is that, as with the obligation to have a ZBE in all municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants, the new regulation urges the municipalities to specify in their mobility ordinances the passage to these vehicles through their restricted areas but does not establish a term or punishment If this is not carried out. When lifting Zbe’s own we have already lived what happens when this happens. A good part of the municipalities of more than 50,000 inhabitants have not carried out these changes and an important part has barely restricted access to a few streets or, like Seville, to areas of very little affectation by traffic. Photo | In Xataka | DGT tags: what sticker corresponds to me and what advantages or restrictions I will find

LaLiga IP blocks threaten next season. So Cloudflare has presented an appeal in the Constitutional

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Cloudflare does not give up. The company, at a open war against LaLiga, has just presented According to Bandancha an appeal before the Constitutional Court with an objective: that cease IPS blocks Sorted by LaLiga. What happened. As they point out in this medium, Cloudflare has presented an appeal before this body to challenge the LaLiga order and “establish the illegality of the disproportionate blockages of LaLiga.” Amparo resource. As Point out The Constitutional Court of Spain itself is responsible for managing this type of judicial requests that aim to “protect the violations of the rights and freedoms” recognized in the articles of the Constitution. Adds to rootedcon. The RootedCon Organization announced on May 16 that there had been an appeal for amparo after “exhausted all the legal routes within our reach” to try to convince the judge of the “serious anomaly” that these blockages suppose. “That resource is joined by the one who has just presented Cloudflare, and revives a situation that remains without solving. A nightmare for users and companies. In March many users broke the Internet. We soon discovered the reason: LaLiga had begun to order indiscriminate blockages of IPS to fight illegal soccer broadcasts through IPTV services. There began a terrible situation in which They paid and pay fair for sinners. Worst of all, these problems threaten to continue in the future, although both cloudflare and rootedcon have tried to stop such blockages in the courts of justice. What will happen next season. LaLiga prepares for the 2025/26 season, and Everything points to keep the IPS blockages that have tormented users in recent months. The sentence (No. 310/2024, of December 18, 2024 of the Commercial Court No. 6 of Barcelona) in which this body will continue to be valid until season 2026/2027, which predicts more and more blockages not only next season, but also the following. The situation is unsustainable for thousands of users and companies Affected Cloudflare and rootedcon lost the first battle. Spanish justice dismissed in March the Nullity requests Independent filed by Cloudflare, Rootedcon and other plaintiffs against LaLiga. That was a hard varapalo for the legal battle of these entities, which have now attended the consitional court in the hope that the matter can finally be solved. LaLiga hid things. As revealed in Bandancha, in the appeal presented by Cloudflare it is indicated that “LaLiga did not inform the Court that the IP addresses she proposed to block were shared among thousands of websites”, something that has precisely been the great origin of the problem. In addition, they stand out, “LaLiga obtained the locking order without notifying the cloud service providers involved, hiding the foreseeable damage for the general public. Damage to third parties. The blockages supposedly violate the Criminal Code by causing damage to third parties and “make inaccessible computer data”, but instead of trying to affect less users and moderate, what they did in the last stretch of the season was intensified. These blockages cause thousands of websites domains to be inaccessible to users of different operators, and have affected media, business websites, Important resources For the operation of many websites and even public services Like the Madrid City Council. Waiting. In Xataka we have contacted those responsible for Cloudflare, but the company at the moment has not officially pronounced on this resource. From Rootedcon they already told us how they had confidence that the Constitutional Court offered a solution to the problem. Even so, if that resource does not progress, they said, “we do not rule out Europe.” This seems, can go for long, and in the meantime, IPS blocks will probably continue to torment us all. In Xataka | We knew that LaLiga IPS blocks have been massive and indiscriminate. What we didn’t know was to what extent

Today Apple has its most complicated event in many years

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For decades, WWDC has been a triumphal showcase for Apple. A moment of glory where the company took chest to developers, press, partners and fans. Cook took the stage with the confidence of who knows that he will impress and Federight deployed charisma and Pompadour between demos that worked perfect. The public applauded with almost religious fervor. That time is over. Today’s WWDC (seven in the afternoon, Spanish peninsular time) will be the most complicated in Apple’s recent history. The reason: The company arrives of credibility. A year ago They promised a revolution with Apple Intelligence and a new Siri. They showed dazzling videos where AI understood the personal context, anticipated needs and executed tasks between apps. It was the future and Apple was going to put it in the palm of the hand. But That has not happened. Months later, the best functions were silently postponed. Then, indefinitely postponed. The announcement came with the typical discretion of those who do not want to make noise about a failure. The new Siri that was going to change everything was a mirage. Meanwhile, Chatgpt, Claude and Gemini continue to evolve, but in another league. Apple’s AI stays in anecdote. And the problem transcends AI. Apple today faces an audience that is no longer the same. Developers are historically their most condescending audience (fans apart), but many of them have already lost patience. Epic has starred in a five -year war which exposed the rentist practices of the App Store. The EU forced changes that Apple resisted until the end. 30% commissions They are no longer accepted Like the natural price of paradise techbut as an abusive toll. Blind devotion has become informed skepticism. Of the ancient evangelists there are still some left, but many have become critical observers that applaud the successes but already point out the errors. The iPhone is still excellent, but it is no longer a mystical revelation. It is a product Premium In a saturated market, manufactured by a company that a year ago promised more. This WWDC is not going to be another power exhibition, but a credibility examination. A scenario in which Apple is not used to handling. And another demo of unreal concepts cannot be affected, he cannot promise what he cannot deliver. You cannot trust that your last story gives you indefinite white checks. You must demonstrate, step by step, that you still know how to innovate without fooling. The twilight of the “Apple culture” It is not the end of Apple, but its forced maturation. The company that was once the technological rebel must learn to be a responsible giant. Its most sophisticated users no longer seek blind faith, but tangible results. And that, paradoxically, could be the best that has happened to the company in a long time. In Xataka | Blackberry sold more phones than ever in 2011. It is a disturbing reminder for Apple and its indifference to AI Outstanding image | Apple

Goodbye to the windows for passengers, hello to the immersive screens

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A fuselage that seems sculpted by the wind. Not a single cabin window. And a clear objective: revolutionize private aviation. He Phantom 3500 It is not a conventional plane And that shows from the first glance. Otto Aviation has been perfecting this design for years, first with the Celera 500L as a test bench, and now with a model that wants to go further. On paper, what it proposes is not less: a plane capable of radically overcoming other comparable executive jets. The technical key of the project is the Laminar flow. Otto proposes an approach based on perfectly profiled surfaces, designed so that the air moves better. This aerodynamic optimization seeks to reduce resistance and improve flight efficiency. According to the companyone of its great objectives is to reduce fuel consumption significantly comparable Jets. In combination with sustainable fuels (SAF), Otto aspires to achieve a much lower carbon footprint. No windows, but with digital views and very real ambitions The operational figures that OTTO handles point high. The Phantom 3500 aspires to an autonomy of up to 6,482 km, an 51,000 feet cruise altitude (15,544 m) and a sustained consumption of 435 liters per hour. This places it, on paper, below models such as Bombardier Challenger 350 or the CITATION Latitudewhose average values ​​of consumption are around 1,135 liters. Part of the advantage is in its large surface wing and optimized profile, which improves support and allows to operate from shorter clues than usual. Inside, it also uncheck. The cabin completely dispenses with passenger windows. Instead, Otto implements a system called “Super Natural Vision”, Based on high -definition screens that show the outer environment in real time. The objective is not only of stimulant. The civil sphere is not the only one in which Otto wants to leave a mark. In previous materials, the company has suggested military applications, especially in logistics or deployment missions from remote tracks. He has also collaborated with Darpa agency in several projects. In parallel to technical development, the company works with FAA to obtain the certification of the plane. Paul Touw, CEO of Otto Aviation, recently declared Flightglobal That the first flight could occur in 2027, although the entry into service is not expected before 2030. To expedite the processes and contain the costs, Otto is integrating simulation tools developed by Galorath, which allow estimating technical and economic impacts before moving on to production. However, as we point out above, the Phantom 3500 is not part of zero. Is the direct evolution of Celera 500L, a platform that served as a technological demonstrator. The design has been deeply reformulated, but the base principle remains intact: maximize efficiency without giving up real benefits. If you get your goals, Otto will not only put a new type of plane in the air. It could inaugurate a whole new category in executive aviation. Images | Otto Aviation In Xataka | The old Low Cost airline dream to squeeze their passengers remains the same: vertical seats

Your DNA does not resemble anything we know

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A few days ago a really fascinating story was known. In 1958 someone found a skull in China dating 300,000 years, and after a recent study a surprising conclusion was reached: that “homo” did not look like None that we know. Something similar has happened in Colombia. 21 human remains have scientists with frown. Crossing roads without heirs. Colombia, essential point of passage in the migration of Homo Sapiens from Central America to the south of the continent More than 14,500 yearshas now revealed a forgotten chapter of his human past. An international team of researchers has recovered 21 remains DNA humans found in five archaeological sites of the Altiplano Cundiboyacensea plateau located in the center of the country. What they discovered It is amazing: an old group that inhabited this region about 6,000 years ago that has no genetic relationship With no current living population. Its lineage disappeared completely, without a trace in later generations. Plus: It is an extra rarity in South America, where the genetic persistence of native peoples usually has continuity, even partial. The study compared old DNA with more recent records Two worlds separated by millennia. According to the analysisthis first community was composed of hunters-gatherers, and its presence was extinguished totally about 4,000 years before of the arrival of a new genetically different human group, which was established in the same region approximately 2,000 years ago. The latter, direct ancestors of some current indigenous populations, probably spoke Chibcha languages and showed a more developed material culture: ceramics, advanced agriculture and a sedentary way of life. This group remained in the area until European colonization in the 16th century. The demographic replacement was absolute: the DNA of the ancient hunters-gatherers did not survive in any hereditary line of the subsequent inhabitants of the Altiplano. For scientists, this suggests a population change Complete in the area of ​​Bogotá, an unusual phenomenon that raises more questions than answers. Genetic puzzle. The discovery not only highlights the Total disappearance of a human group, but also clarifies the genetic history of South America, which was believed more linear. Previous studies They had already hinted unexpected connections between old South American populations and regions As remote as Australia. The Colombian case reinforces the idea that the first migrations south of the continent were more complex and diverse than was thought. The fact that this ancestral population does not have modern correlation in the current DNA suggests that, at some point, conflicts, epidemics or other processes still unknown could have caused their disappearance, Without miscegenation nor genetic absorption by later peoples. Human map Which The investigation It makes it quite clear is that Colombia, located in the narrow step between Central and South America, is and was key to understanding how the continent was populated. The finding of these genomes ( first old published In the history of the country) it opens new ways to investigate the prehistoric settlement of the region and shows how much there is still to be discovered. That a complete human lineage has been extinguished without leaving genetic offspring raises unknowns as deep as revealing, and makes the Colombian highlands a territory loaded with Enigmas to solve. As the researchers point out, it is really just the beginning: under the Andean surface, most likely, secrets still rest to rewrite the human history of South America. Image | PexelsKrettek et al., Science Advances, 2025 In Xataka | In 1958 we found a skull with 300,000 years in China. The problem is that we do not know what “homo” belongs In Xataka | The “ghost species” with which our ancestors were settled and disappeared without (almost) leave a trace

one with its own underwater hydrogen factory

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When electric cars still crawled, a series of manufacturers launched Develop another propulsion technology: The hydrogen fuel battery. It is something that You have experienced comings, coming and changes of plans in recent years, but although it seems that It is not the future of utilitiesIt makes sense in industrial and commercial vehicles. And another sector in which it has potential is … in the submarines. The Spanish Navy is so sure that its Crown jewelthe S-80 class submarinesthey will be the only ones in the world that work with a system that manufactures their own hydrogen. Class S-80. Manufacturing a submarine from scratch is not simple, and Spain knows it well. The Carthaginense Isaac Peral was the inventor of the electric submarine, a precursor of the modern submarine, but Spain did not have its own underwater models during the expansion of this transport class. Since the 60s, the country built submarines under foreign licensebut at the beginning of this century, something changed and it was decided that it was time to have its own model: the Class S-80. After years of development, delays, flotability problems and billions of euros of extra costs that forced to prolong the useful life of obsolete submarines, the first submarine of this class, the S-81 Isaac PeralHE delivered to the Navy for its assessment in November 2023, with three others planned for the coming years. The mess of propulsion. Although in a submarine there is no more important system than another, we can say that propulsion technology directly affects the type of missions they can undertake. And there are three great technologies right now. The cheapest is conventional: submarines diesel-electricalthat can be submerged a few days because they need to recharge fuel, being a limitation for stealth operations. On the other hand, propulsion submarines through a nuclear reactor. It is the most expensive and also the most advanced for stealth operations. France, for example, has the Barracudawhich can be submerged up to 270 days. It is a complex technology to develop a submarine from scratch. There are also purely electric, such as those who They are adopting Japan and South Korea with batteries that offer a underwater autonomy of two or three weeks, or those that assemble AIP systems. Aip. Called independent air propulsion systems, AIPs generate electricity to feed the engine and recharge submarine batteries. The most common systems include fuel batteries that convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity. There are variants, such as Stirling engines that use liquid fuels in this process and closed cycle vapor turbines. It is a system that allows submerged autonomies of 20 days or more, and this is where the S-81 Isaac Peral is special because it does not store hydrogen in its batteries: it manufactures it. As? Using Bioethanol That, by means of a reformer, it becomes hydrogen that is used in a fuel pile together with liquid oxygen to produce electricity. Diagram of an AIP system of the submarines of India Best Aip. They are funny acronyms that respond to Bio-Ethanol Stealth Technology and is not really new, but of interesting application in a submarine. As our partners comment Motorpasionit was in 1991 when, in the laboratory of catalytic processes of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Buenos Aires, they developed a method for obtain hydrogen from ethanol. In a submarine, it makes all the meaning: the risk of storage hydrogen is eliminated, aboard is produced and the waste (CO₂ and water) is expelled to the ocean in the form of carbonated water that does not increase the acoustic or thermal firm of the ship. This system, according to Manuel Corral Iranzo, under the command of the S-81 since the delivery in 2023, in statements to The debateit is “worldwide pointer” and it is something that has many advantages. Ethanol “is a matter not as dangerous as hydrogen and is easily obtained. It is a revolutionary system and no other country or any other submarine has this hydrogen production system on board,” he says. It is not yet mounted … There is a problem: this revolutionary system, which is clearly the jewel of the Crown of the S-80 class, is not prepared. As we read in Defensein parallel to the delivery of the first submarine in November 2023, the factory tests of the Best Aip system began to pass. The submarine was delivered without this oxygen generation system, which will be installed in its first large technical stop. When? Well this update is planned by 2029-2030. At the moment, the submarine has three diesel generators of 1,100 kW each and a main electric motor of 3,500 kW. After the S-81, the next one that will be delivered at some point in 2025, and after Another delayis the S-82 Narciso Monturiol. Nor will the Best Aip system will have, but it will be implemented in its technical stop of 2031 if there are no delays. Those who will have the factory best AIP will be the S-83 and S-84, dated by 2026 and 2028 respectively. Images | Angeldr88, To Guy Named Nyal, Navy, Martinvl, India Ministry of Defense In Xataka | In the nineteenth century, Spain designed the first “launcher” to defend against the US: the submarine of Sanjurjo Badía

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