Month: April 2025

The US is realizing that manufacturing the iPhone without China is almost impossible. Tariff exemptions are the test

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Donald Trump’s administration has applied a very special exemption to reciprocal tariffs announced The last days. Thus, mobile phones, computers and some other consumer electronics products “are fought”. Importing them to the United States will not make 10%global tariffs apply, nor China’s specific ones, which are 125%. What products are exempt. The note published by the US Customs Department almost without making noise is especially important, and makes a list of HTSUS codes (Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States) that include different types of electronic products. Among them, exemptions affect: 8471: PCS of desktop, laptops and its components, such as CPUS, hard or I/O peripheral discs as monitors (8528.52.00), mice and keyboards 8517.13.00: smartphones 8517.62.00: Routers, modems, wireless access points 8523.51.00: SSD units 8524: CDS and DVDS Regrabable 8541.49.10 and 8541.49.70: Solar panel cells 8541.49.80: LEDs 8542: microprocessors, controllers, memory chips and other integrated circuits But they are temporary exemptions. As they point out In Financial TimesUS Secretary of Commerce, Howard Lutnick, made it clear that these exemptions are temporary. All these products will be part of the semiconductor tariffs, “which will probably arrive in a month or two.” Trump denies that this are exemptions. In his social network Truth, Donald Trump He also stood out That what was announced on Friday were no exceptions to tariffs and made it clear that these products are still subject to 20% rates related to the fentanil. “What has been stated is that we need to manufacture products in the United States, and that we will not be hostages from other countries, especially hostile commercial nations such as China, which will do everything in their hand to disrespect the US people,” he added in his statement. Dodging price increases. The measure is clearly aimed at avoiding notable price increases in semiconductors, mobiles and consumer electronics products, especially considering that a vast majority of those sold in the United States They come from China. The impact for consumers can be very important, and these temporary exemptions reduce concern for the future of these products and their prices and protect strategic sectors. The iPhone as a great example. Some analysts estimate that the price of the iPhone in the United States It could triple If the cost of tariffs ends up moving to consumers. Apple smartphones are one of the clear examples of how tariffs would affect US consumers first and the rest of the world later. The climb of reciprocal tariffs between the US and China has been spectacular in recent weeks. Source: Reuters China as a US factory. According to Counterpoint Research dataChina represents 80% of the iPhone production sold in the United States. The remaining 20% ​​are manufactured in India, a country in which Apple is gradually growing in production precisely to avoid the dependence of China. The Cupertino company in fact fought several aircraft full of iPhone From India to try to have some margin of maneuver if tariffs came into force. Exemptions also disappear the “basic” 10% tariff that applied globally and included countries such as India. These exemptions are also partly the tacit recognition to manufacture the iPhone in the US It is practically impossible. Business pressure. The impact of tariffs has been especially remarkable for Big Tech, which have collapsed in the stock market in recent weeks. All of them depend largely on China’s production capacity, and these exemptions are also an acceptance (at least temporary) that changing things and mitigating Chinese dependence will take a long time. No official explanation. The US government did not explanations about the reason why it applied these exemptions, but it is evident that This is a big respiteeven if it is temporary, for companies such as Apple, Nvidia, Dell, or HP, which import a good part of their products from China. A war without winners. As they point out In axiosChinese President Xi Jinping stressed that a war of tariffs “will not produce any winner.” China indicated that I was evaluating the impact of these exemptions. In a statement last Sunday, the Chinese Ministry of Trade Califified the measure as “a small US step to correct its wrong practice of establishing ‘unilateral reciprocal tariffs.” How will we be next week? Democrate Senator Elizabeth Warren appeared in a debate In CNN to describe the confusion that exists about tariffs. He indicated that “investors will not invest in the US with Donald Trump playing” red light, green light “with tariffs and saying” Oh, and For my special donors, you have special exemptions“. He also highlighted how the situation is impresable.” No one can imagine what the rules will be within five days, much less in five years. “ Image | Gage Skidmore In Xataka | Spain acts where Europe doubts: the strategy that is paying fruits in China

After years of failures, Telefónica has gradually left Latin America. Peru has come directly running

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Telefónica has sold its subsidiary in Peru to Argentina integrates Tec for 900,000 euros, As announced by Teleco. An almost symbolic price, but also an end point to one of its greatest headaches in Latin America. The operation includes the sale of 99.3% of unpaid financial shares and credits. Why is it important. This operation represents more than a divestment. It is a surgical cut. Telefónica reduces your exhibition in a market with strong regulatory instability, unsolved tax conflicts –still claims 1,122 million to the Peruvian state– and a chronic operational deterioration. Between the lines. Telefónica has not made a sale, has signed a release. The business in Peru accumulated a debt of more than 1.2 billion euros and registered losses of 872 million only in 2024. Its subsidiary was in creditors and the perspectives were increasingly worse. In detail: Integra assumes the debt and launches an OPA for the remaining 0.7%. The pending credit (394 million euros) will be partially disbursed by both parties. Operational continuity is guaranteed for 13 million customers. The creditors’ contest is still underway, now led by Integra. The backdrop. Peru is not an isolated case. Telefónica has already left Argentina and Colombia among other countries in the continent. And in a hurry. The strategy is clear: retire from Latin Americaexcept Brazil, before years of diminishing profitability. The focus moves to Europe and more foreseeable markets. Yes, but. Although it relieves a dead weight, Telefónica does not escape unharmed. The fiscal litigation in Ciadi is still open. The reputation has been touched after years of inaction and frustrated promises of restructuring. And the departure price – which costs an apartment in Arganzuela – briefs. In perspective. Telefónica Peru was, for decades, a jewel of its international expansion. Now it is a symbol of the decomposition of a model that failed to adapt or resist. Close this chapter in Peru weighs more in the strategy than in accounting. Now it remains to check if this turn is enough to clean up the group’s balance, although Pallete reduced his debt in half… or if there are more uncomfortable chapters to write. In Xataka | 100 years after his birth, Telefónica faces the greatest existential dilemma in its history: what wants to be older Outstanding image | Telefónica Peru

Ryanair tense the rope more and threatens the government with removing more regional airport flights

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This summer, Ryanair will offer 800,000 places less in Spanish airports. It is the announcement that the company made last January as a counterweight measure to what it considers abusive Aena. Now, the company threatens the government again with withdrawing journeys from its less busy lines. 800,000 seats. They announced him last January and the plan is already being carried out. Ryanair will offer 800,000 seats less this summer with the elimination of routes within Spain or the reduction of some of the existing ones. In its statement, the company indicated that the reason for this reduction in the offered journeys were “the excessive rates and the lack of effectiveness of the ‘incentive plans’ of the AENA monopolistic airport operator, which are completely ineffective to support the growth policy of the growth of regional airports.” The affected airports. In its statement, Ryanair specified which airports are those that would suffer a reduction in the offered routes and in which would completely close their operations: Jerez: Closing Valladolid: Closing Vigo: 61% less journeys Santiago 28% less journeys Zaragoza: 20% less journeys Asturias: 11% less journeys Santander: 5% less journeys Where it hurts: Ryanair knows the force it has In these airports and, therefore, it has been their pressure measure against the rates that Aena charges in them. In Valladolid, for example, the number of trips has been drastically reduced and the company’s departure is dismissal. Valladolid is just an example of the fall in international operations caused by Ryanair’s departure. In Santander, for example, his departure causes that only the Canary Islands, Madrid and Barcelona can fly. International trips will be injured in death. Jerez aspired to recover the number of travelers before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2025 but Ryanair’s march It should prevent this from happening. What is paid. Ryanair is aware of the fragility of these routes. Their volume is low, so, they say, they prefer to reorganize these planes and send them to routes that have been growing. In fact, if the company had been operating in these places, it is because there were many facilities by Aena (which Ryanair does not consider enough) and for the interest of regional governments. Airlines charged rates have a cost of 10.35 euros per passenger and are used to guarantee basic services such as cleaning or safety at airports. From Aena they insist that They are “of the lowest in Europe”although in 2021 a freezing was announced until 2026 but in 2024 they rose 4.9%. At the end of last year, CNMC frozen prices again by 2025. Yes, but bonus. However, in airports with less passenger volume, Aena’s fees have multiple bonuses in order to attract a greater number of airlines, to the point that the company can pay only two euros per passenger, according to the AENA last proposal. But, in addition, there is another reason why companies maintain flights in these airports: undercover subsidies. In eldiario.es They explain how regional governments deliver under advertising contracts. So, The Cantabria government delivered 18 million euros Ryanair last summer and Vigo disbursed 625,000 euros to guarantee the Vigo-London route For three years. “Terminal Decadence”. With these words, Eddie Wilson, CEO of the company, has described, which in his opinion is getting the government with regional airports. Words have expressed them in an interview to electionomista.es and in it he has threatened to get more flights from Spain if the course of policies in relation to rates is not changed. “There will be more cuts in the winter of 2025, and even more in the summer of 2026, because it makes no sense to continue investing in deficit operations. The rational decision is to move the traffic where the access costs are falling, not increasing, so we will continue to do so little by little. We have no plans to invest in regional airports because its price structure is broken,” says Wilson in his interview. Without specifying what these cuts would be, Wilson points out that “regional airports are underutilized by 70%, so something does not work. Or people do not want to go to the regions, or airlines do not want to put airplanes there.” More tensions. From Aena, he collects the digital medium, ignores Ryanair’s threats and emphasize that “when Ryanair recovers their presence, we will be institutionally receiving them with open arms”, in the words of its President Maurici Lucena. And emphasize that current policies “allow deficit airports to remain open in optimal conditions without appealing Spanish taxpayers.” At the same time, from Vigo they have sanctioned the company with 17,414 euros of fine for unilaterally reducing the flights scheduled last summer. The company has resorted to but Vigo’s City Council has rejected its writing. In addition, Vigo understands that he has breached the aforementioned contract of advertising when considering that the company has unilaterally broken it, so a sanctioning file for this reason is also underway. And it is not the last controversy that the company has starred in recent weeks. Although the decision aimed to apply this summer, Ryanair has announced that next winter will apply a zero paper policy with which he aspires to bind passengers To use only digital shipping cards and use your mobile phone. Photo | Nejc Soklič In Xataka | Spain has tired of Ryanair’s practices. And the airline is going to hit where it hurts the most: the provinces airports

Chernobil reactor sarcophagus

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It happened on February 14 of this year. An explosive drone Shahed 136 Iranian manufacturing and possibly launched by Russia left a Huge “scar” In the confinement structure of the Chernobil reactor, considered one of the greatest features of modern engineering and designed to contain the radiation of the worst nuclear disaster in history. That steel dome seemed impenetrable, but nobody warned of A possible war conflict. Two months later, the “wound” is still open. The hole. As we said, the drone loaded with explosives hit the steel structure that covers the number four reactor of the Chernobil nuclear power plant, the same as exploded in 1986 unleashing the worst nuclear disaster in history. Although the attack did not cause radioactive leaks, it left a visible mark on the huge steel dome known as New Safe Confinementraising fears about the possibility that Russia will be willing to bring its war to one of the most dangerous places on the planet. The Ukrainian authorities attributed the attack To Moscowwhich denied any responsibility, while in the area a large group of technicians who still They worked two months later To try to repair the damage. The aggression not only represented a direct threat to the environment, but also a geopolitical ghost: Chernobyl, a symbol of Soviet negligence, is once again placed in the center of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The urgency of restoring. The task before him is delicate. In fact, this was stated by the Minister of Environment, Svitlana Hrynchuk, who confirmed that the government works along with experts to return full functionality to this critical structure. Hrynchuk stressed that the priority is Preserve security nuclear and radiological “under any circumstance.” The original catastrophe. In the background, something that “touches” the nation deeply. Chernobil was, and it remains, a open wound. On April 26, 1986, a failed test caused a Explosion in the reactor which released more than 100 radioactive isotopes on Europe. The city of Pripyat, which then housed almost 50,000 people, was evacuated the next day. The surrounding area, today known as The exclusion zonebecame a ghost territory of enormous extension. The original sarcophagus, built with releasing after the accident, was sealed by the structure multinational of steel in 2016 with a cost of 2.2 billion dollarsa titanic effort destined to last at least a century. The shield, so far impenetrable, is now injured because of The modern war. The New Safe Confinement perforated Russian invasion and occupation. On February 24, 2022, when Russia launched its large -scale invasion, its troops entered Ukraine from Belarus and they took Chernobil control The same day. The scene was immediate chaos: The employees evacuated the central while the director of the radioactive control agency, Sergey Kireev, was the last to leave the place. Kireev himself told these days to the insider environment. Some of their subordinates stayed, and from areas with a telephone signal they helped the Ukrainian forces transmitting data on the invaders movement. At first, the Russians left staff alone, but they soon began to Confiscar Telephoneto prohibit meetings and loot offices, bedrooms and laboratories. Their behavior in the place, According to Kireevcompletely ignored the danger of the environment, traveling through high radiation areas and damaging critical monitoring facilities. The radioactive legacy that does not end. The radioactive chernobil remains (iodine, strontium and cesium) are still present in the air and the ground, with average lives that extend for decades. As We have countedFlora and Fauna mutations persist as a silent reminder of the disaster. After the occupation, when Kireev returned in April 2022, he found The fortified zonewith Ukrainian barricades, destroyed vehicles and dismantled offices. A laboratory, occupied by Russian troops, had been object of vandalism: destroyed computers, wondered cabinets, bullets on the walls. It was discovered that about 70 people They had been captured by the Russians and taken to Russia, where some still remain in captivity. Challenging nuclear logic. The drone attack of February 14, 2024 occurred days before the third anniversary of the Russian invasion. Ukrainian President Volodimir Zelensky He published images of the impact. In them it was appreciated how a fireball and visible damage was generated in the protective structure. Despite It was not recorded An increase in radiation levels, the fact that a nuclear site can become a military objective exposes the fragility of international agreements and the recklessness of a nuclear power. For Ukraine, Chernobil is not only a symbol of the past, but A living front. The attacked installation was built with the joint effort of dozens of countries, and its integrity was created a global responsibility. The threat of Zaporiyia. Also We count these days. Hundreds of kilometers south, the Zaporiyia nuclear power plant (the largest in Europe) remains under Russian occupation. The accusations between Kyiv and Moscow for attacks on the plant have become frequent, while increasing concern for their safety (the United States also “claims”). Meanwhile, Zelensky He spared no words After the attack on Chernobil: “Russia is the only country in the world that attacks, occupies and uses nuclear centrals such as weapons of war. It is a terrorist threat to everyone.” If you want also, the facts show that the modern war has reached the thresholds of the unthinkable. And in Chernobil, where history has already taught the consequences of human negligence, today it is feared that a single error can turn on another tragedy, this time, in the middle of crossfire. Image | State Emergency Service of Ukraine, Adam Jones In Xataka | A Russian drone has opened one of the greatest engineering works. The problem: it was the sarcophagus of Chernobil reactor 4 In Xataka | Chernobil is full of radioactive dogs. It has nothing to do with the nuclear accident, according to a study

Tariffs on imported chips will soon come into force

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The US administration responsible for the deployment of tariffs does not rest. Last Friday and near midnight, the US Customs and Border Protection Office He published a statement in which he officialized that some electronic devices and strategic components They were temporarily exempt from tariffs. Of all of them. Of 10% global applied to most of the planet’s countries, and also of the very tariff that penalizes Imports that come from China. This villantazo of the Government of Donald Trump is unexpected in the context of confrontation that the US maintains not only with the country led by Xi Jinping, but essentially with all the nations with which it maintains commercial relations. However, it makes sense. One of the categories of strategic components that at the moment are exempt from these taxes are semiconductors. The business of many US technology companies depends on the integrated circuits that import from Taiwan, China or South Korea, and tariffs They have the ability to compromise it. Tariffs will soon reach the imported integrated circuits With all Apple, Nvidia, AMD, Qualcomm, Broadcom and many other US companies whose activity depends largely on semiconductors made in Asia They have breathed relieved after knowing the exemption from which the chips benefit. However, joy must last little. And just a few hours ago President Donald Trump has confirmed That during the week we have just started, it will announce the tariff rate with which it will finally tax the imported integrated circuits. The Government led by Donald Trump seeks to reorganize the global semiconductor industry He has also anticipated that some companies in the semiconductor industry will have some flexibility, although they have not specified those companies or to what extent they can continue to import integrated circuits by avoiding tariffs. We will have to wait a little longer to have this information. As it is, it is evident that the government strategy led by Donald Trump pursues Reorganize the global chips industry To ensure that the US does not need to import any integrated circuit of critical value, such as those used by their companies to train models of artificial intelligence (AI) or develop advanced armament. The challenge that the US administration has ahead is that the relocation of an important part of the chips production infrastructure and the reorganization of supply chains cannot be carried out in a short time. This is the authentic reason why the Government has been forced to release the critical components needed by their tariff companies. All this does not respond to any elucubration. Trump has expressed it With total clarity a few hours ago. “We wanted to simplify it for many other companies because we want The entire supply chain of electronics in the next tariff investigations for the good of national security “, Donald Trump has sentenced. Thus paints the panorama. In a period not exceeding two months, the US will definitely announce to which tariffs both semiconductors and other critical technological products from China will be subjected. We will keep the expectation until then. More information | Reuters In Xataka | Nvidia will continue to sell its H20 GPU in China. It has cost a dinner of 1 million dollars per diner

Carrefour leaves this 75 -inch TV at unbeatable price with Google TV

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The televisions sector has evolved in recent years towards large screens. If you want to renew your old TV and want to place a larger dimensions in the living room, in Carrefour you have this TCL 75C805. Specifically, you can buy it for 899 euros compared to the 1,399 euros that is usually worth. TV Miniled TCL 75C805 4K QLED + Google TV * Some price may have changed from the last review A TV with Premium features to ride your own home cinema This series Smart TV C805 of TCL It stands out for setting up a 75 -inch qled panel which offers 4K UHD resolution. It also comes with back Minilad and is compatible with formats such as HDR10+ and Dolby Vision IQ. The operating system under which it works is Google TV. In addition, it is also ideal for gaming, since it is compatible with VRR and has HDMI 2.1, so it is perfect to make maximum videoconsobles such as the PlayStation 5 either Xbox Series x. Its speakers offer a 30 W RMS Power And they are compatible with formats such as Dolby Digital, Dolby Atmos and DTS Virtual: X. Finally, as far as connectivity is concerned, it is very complete and integrates Bluetooth 5.0, Wifi, a port USB 3.2Ethernet port and headphones output. The best accessories to squeeze this TV to the maximum Amazon Fire TV Stick 4K (last generation) * Some price may have changed from the last review Sonos Ray – Compact sound bar * Some price may have changed from the last review Some of the links of this article are affiliated and can report a benefit to Xataka. In case of non -availability, offers may vary. Images | Webedia and TCL In Xataka | How to choose the ideal television size: what manufacturers say vs. What experts say In Xataka | Better sound bars in quality Price: which to buy and seven recommended models from 140 euros

He was saved by a script that did not admit a detour

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In June 2024, Apple presented one of the most ambitious movements in its recent history: the integration of Apple Intelligence on its devices and, with it, a reinvention of Siri. That Keynote promised something that many had been waiting for years: a truly useful assistant, capable of understanding the User contextoffer precise answers and execute actions taking into account our personal information. Concert tickets, hotel reservations, shared links in messages or calendar locations: everything would be available to the new Siri. The enthusiasm was immediate. Apple raised it as an important transformation and, implicitly, as one of the necessary steps to catch up in the race for artificial intelligence (AI), accelerated after the launch of Chatgpt In November 2022. But the illusion evaporated soon. In March this year, The company confirmed that Siri’s new version would not be available until 2026. The announcement was a dry brake. For many, it was not just a disappointment: It was a blow to the credibility that Apple had been growing for years. And, despite this, the company did not offer too many explanations. The future simply was postponed. We cannot deny that Apple knows how to handle times. Dominates as nobody the art of anticipating what is to come, even when what it appears apparently is not completely finished. John Gruber hinted at himone of the most influential voices of the Apple environment, noting that some of the functions presented at the WWDC probably did not exist as such. Or, if they did, they were still far from being functional. The secrets behind one of the most epic technological presentations in history And it is not the first time. In fact, this strategy has a clear precedent, perhaps the most revealing of all: The presentation of the first iPhone in 2007. An event that has become myth within the history of technological marketing, with Steve Jobs announcing “a revolutionary and magical product.” But what few knew then, and many still ignore today, is that this device just worked on the day of their debut. Literally. A report by The New York Magazinebased on interviews with former Apple employees, reveals the ins and outs of that historical Keynote. Among the testimonies, Andy Grignon, a senior engineer responsible for the device communication modules, stands out. According to the iPhone software, it was plagued with errors: the songs were half reproduced, the videos tended to block and The system could collapse If the tasks were not executed in the precise order. The memory was so limited that a few simultaneous operations were enough to cause a restart. Given such a panorama, the engineers designed an emergency solution: “The Golden Way.” It was an exact sequence of actions that Jobs had to continue without deviating a millimeter. Only then could they make sure the phone did not stop responding in full demo. To cover your back, Jobs would have several identical units on stage. If one was blocked, it would happen to the next without the public noticing. To that technical tension, they explain, the aesthetic demand was added. Jobs didn’t want a camera to sign up for the device to show it on screen. I wanted one direct projectionclean, without visual interference. To achieve this, the engineers incorporated personalized plates and video cables that extracted the signal of the iPhone itself and sent it to the projector. It was a fragile and artisanal system, but it fulfilled its mission: it made everything seem natural, almost magical. The wifi was another headache. With thousands of people in the room, many with technical knowledge, connectivity could be compromised. To avoid this, Apple modified the Airport software responsible for giving connection to the iPhone, adapting it to operate at frequencies reserved to Japan, outside the usual range in the United States. A risky, but effective trick to ensure a stable signal during the presentation. The calls were also carefully prepared. AT&T, at the time exclusive partner of the iPhone, installed a portable mobile tower To guarantee a stable signal. Even so, demo devices were configured to always show five coverage bars, regardless of the real quality of the connection. Against all forecast, the presentation was impeccable. Jobs followed the script with surgical precision: he showed music and videos, sailed on web pages, sent messages, made a call, explored photos with tactile gestures and, in one of the most iconic moments, used Google Maps to locate a Starbucks and ask, like a wink, 4,000 coffees. The public surrendered. No one could imagine that this advanced iPhone was, at least at that time, a perfectly rehearsed staging. The level of secrecy was such that, according to The New York Magazine, one of the engineers interviewed assured that some suppliers, such as Marvel Technologies, did not know until the same day of the presentation that their Wi -Fi and Bluetooth chips were being used on a mobile phone, and not on an ipod. Apple even designed false schemes to mislead and avoid leaks. We may be, once again, before one of those staging that Apple dominates like nobody. We do not know with certainty how advanced is the new Siri, but the truth is that, unlike what happened with the iPhone, We are still waiting to see your most ambitious proposal in years. Siri aims to become a transforming tool, but for now it has not gone from being a promise. Images | Apple (1, 2) In Xataka | The new M3 ultra marks a turning point: Apple will not create an ultra version for each generation

China is developing an underwater space station more than 2,000 meters deep

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In 1971, the former Russian Soviet Union launched its first space station, Slayut 1which was 175 days in orbit. From then on, the career in the space sector has grown tirelessly. In contrast we have the oceanic fund that around 80% is without mapping or exploring, According to the Oceanic and Atmospheric National Administration (NOA). In addition, in different studies with monitors, key minerals have been found for current technology and China He has got to work. Short. China has started the construction of an underwater laboratory at 2,000 meters deep in the Meriodional China Sea. The project developed in the deep waters of Guangzhou has been described as an “underwater space station”, where six scientists will be for more than a month to study the marine ecosystem, According to Chinadily. The underwater base. As have explained in the same mediumResearchers will aim to study cold leak ecosystems, a natural phenomenon that contains high amounts of methane hydrate. This gas is considered a less polluting alternative to traditional fossil fuels, but its extraction to great depths is a complex risk. On the other hand, the laboratory will also seek to explore minerals such as cobalt, nickel and rare earths, important elements for the technological and energy industry. Dangerous extraction. The deposits in the seabed, especially those at extreme depths, can cause irreparable damage to marine ecosystems. In fact, the international authority of the seabed has not established a regulation that determines how to carry out the activity, although studies are still being carried out. Currently, ISA He is holding meetings For the regulation of seabed extraction, while environmental organizations They are claiming a protection of oceans above commercial interests. Is there a place for everyone? The research center will be open to international collaborations and is aligned with the United Nations decade for the restoration of ecosystems, According to Global Times. However, this initiative will intensify disputes in the South China Sea. All this is because the Asian giant has claimed sovereignty over a large part of the area, which has led to tensions with neighboring countries that also wish to exploit their resources. Besides, According to El Confidencialcritics of the Chinese government have alerted the risk of this underwater base that could serve as justification for an increase in Chinese military presence. The submarine laboratory. According to El Confidencialthe station will be connected to a fiber optic network in the seabed and will support pressures 200 times higher than the sea level. Scientists will spend between a month and 45 days underwater, without natural light. In addition, the base will feature advanced submersibles, surface ships and equipment to perform four -dimensional monitoring of the region. In addition, the initial phase will focus on the construction of pressure resistant structures and simulation systems. Surpassing AI and autonomous vehicles. The station, as have detailed in SCMPIt will allow scientists to perform real -time experiments under extreme conditions, which is currently not possible to arrive with artificial intelligence or autonomous vehicles. As has explained for Global Times The project director, Chaolun Li, the initiative will contribute to the ecological and experimental monitoring in situ, advancing human knowledge in these extreme environments. Image | Proteus Ocean Group Xataka | Chinese submarines are authentic crickets: a new generation promises to change the rules of the game

There are so much space garbage that the ESA has said enough

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When astronauts run to take refuge in their ships within a few months, rocket fragments fall into populated areas and multiple flights are diverted, it is that The problem of space garbage It is getting worse. The European Space Agency wants more strict rules and greater international cooperation, and will impose them even if no one follows. The goal: avoid the dreaded Kessler syndrome. From bad to worse. In 2024, the amount of space waste increased considerably after several incidents. In May, a Russian satellite that had been inactive for three years disintegrated in the low orbitforcing astronauts of the International Space Station to take refuge in their ships. In August, A CZ-6A Chinese rocket exploded After deploying 18 satellites in low orbit, generating a cloud of more than 300 fragments. In October, the IS-33E communications satellite Manufactured by Boeing, but he did it in the geostationary orbit. Up there, the 700 documented pieces will last thousands of years. Official data. According to a Recent ESA Reportapproximately 54,000 objects of more than 10 centimeters are known orbiting the earth, including active satellites. However, there are at least 1.2 million objects between 1 and 10 centimeters that could also put manned missions at risk and satellites due to its great kinetic energy. ESA warns in its report that the current trend increases the real risk of Kessler syndrome, a cascade of collisions in the low terrestrial orbit that could use this region for future generations. This scenario would not only put the new satellite constellations, such as those of Starlink, Kuiper or Oneweb, but seriously affect the safety of astronauts. It is not strange that China has dedicated much of 2024 To fortify its Tiangong Space Station to protect it from spatial garbage fragments and small meteoroids. But the implications of space waste are not limited only to space, they also have tangible impacts on the mainland. Not only does it affect space. As the cadence of launches increases, so do the uncontrolled falls of satellites and rockets. They almost always disintegrate in the atmosphere, but some elements, such as carbon fiber tanks, can resist the heat of the reentry even traveling 27,000 kilometers per hour. Spacex could be touching the limits of its launching capacity after suffering several incidents. The closest to a misfortune has occurred this year in the airspace of Poland, where a second stage of Falcon 9 was disintegrated. Several large fragments managed to survive the heat of the reentry and They fell near the city of Poznanincluding a subway and a half deposit on the grounds of an industrial plant. The frequent tests of new rockets are also a reason for concern. The Spacex starship has exploded twice on the Atlantic Ocean this year, causing two debris rainfall and Several deviations on commercial flights of the Caribbean or Florida. Bluen’s New Glenn rocket propeller fell out of control in the Atlantic during its debut flight, but did so at dawn, without great consequences. New ESA rules. Although there were already rules such as 25 years (which establishes that obsolete satellites must get out of orbit within a maximum period of 25 years after their useful life), the level of compliance varies according to the type and size of the object. It is only 52% for large satellites. Therefore, ESA has introduced a more strict five -year limit in its missions, seeking to set an example to establish more rigorous standards globally. All this is part of A “Zero Debris” commitment which seeks to reach an orbital environment without waste by 2030. The frame includes technical measures to avoid space garbage, actively eliminate waste through advanced technologies and foster a spatial circular economy based on the beginning of the four R: “Remove, reuse, refurbish, recycle”, eliminate, reuse, restore and recycle. In search of an international framework. It is not clear that ESA will lead the world by imposing stricter norms, because it could affect the development of new commercial constellations, but the problem of space garbage is becoming a real priority in the international legal field. There is a legal framework: the 1972 Responsibility Convention. It was applied, for example, in the case of the Kosmos 954 Soviet satellite, which spread radioactive remains over northern Canada in 1978, or when part of a Spacex Crew Dragon ship of Spacex fell on a Saskatchewan farm In 2024. In most cases, however, it is difficult to purify responsibilities, he points out A report from the University of New York. According to the report, more robust and binding international agreements are urgently needed. Image | THAT In Xataka | The new space race has created Boomerang scrap. The probability that clash against a plane has also increased

In 1643, Descartes created one of the most important theorems of geometry. We knew he was right, but we didn’t know why. Until now

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In 1643, René Descartes wrote a letter to Princess Isabel del Palatinado in which she simplified a classic problem of Western geometry and offered a solution: the so -called ‘Descartes theorem’; that, according to the famous problem that Frederick Soddy published in 1936 in Natureit can be summarized as “the sum of the squares of the four curvatures is half the square of its sum in figures.” Basically, he found a relationship between the radios of four mutually tangent circles. The problem is that the French philosopher did not explain the reasoning behind that relationship and, in fact, he never managed to find a general formula for more than four circles. His intuition is that this solution existed, but was not able to find it. That has brought mathematicians since then. A couple of years ago Daniel Mathews and Orion Zymaris, from the Australian University of Monash, They decided to try With a radically new approach. What if we use tools of theoretical physics? That was the question that was asked: As Héctor Farrés explainedinstead of pulling the tools of conventional geometry, they began to play with ‘thorn’ (a type of objects of theoretical physics that need a 720 degree turn to return to their natural position). “We use a version of thorn developed by Roger Penrose and Wolfgang Rindler, which applied to the theory of relativity,” The authors said. In this way they achieved ‘re-conceptualize’ circles as algebraic entities that can suffer from geometric transformations. That was the key to obtaining a general formula to be able to describe increasingly complex groups of mutually tangent circles. Why is it interesting? To start because it solves a historical problem of geometry. But, above all, because it does it again and with many ramifications. When Andrew Wiles He managed to demonstrate Fermat’s last theoremthere was some disappointment for the use of modern mathematical tools. In that case it was understandable: part of the grace of the problem was to find the demonstration that Fermat himself said he had discovered (but never wrote). With Descartes’s theorem is different. There was nothing to look for, just a solution to develop. And doing so shows all the potential of mathematics to destroy the limitations that lead us to grip for centuries. In the end, As Arthur C. Clarke said“When a distinguished but elderly scientist says that something is possible, it is almost certain that he is right. When he states that something is impossible, it is almost certain that he is wrong. Image | Frans Hals | Jacob Rus In Xataka | The “Matrix” fillet was always real: philosophical and metaphysical reflections on metovers

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