waters

The Balearic Islands welcome an invasive plant that until now was impossible in its waters

by

In October 2023, a group of divers were fully immersed in the Bay of La Palma when they found something that should not be there: a tropical marine plant rooted in the bed, where we usually find either sandy bottoms or Posidonia meadows. The notice from the Balearic Center for Applied Biology was confirmed through dives by the CSIC-UIB and CEAB-CSIC teams and the discovery was published in Mediterranean Marine Science. The presentations. The name of tropical marine plant is Halophila stipulacea and it is a seagrass and not an algae (unlike algae, it has roots, stems and leaves), much smaller than the native Posidonia Oceanica, with which it now shares spaces. And although it has appeared about 3 kilometers from the port of Palma, on a sandy bottom, it is foreign: its origin comes from the Indian Ocean, Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, although as a good tropical came to the Caribbean. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 was its one-way ticket to the Mediterranean, however in these 150 years its expansion was only recorded in the eastern area, never as far west as the Balearic Islands. It is already a total colonization. Context. The waters of the Mediterranean Sea are warming more than the global average: between 1982 and 2019, its surface temperature increased by 1.3 °C compared to a global average of 0.6 °C, according to MedECC data. In summer, the temperatures of the Mediterranean Sea recorded in the Balearic Islands They are around 30 °C. This point is important because it marks a milestone: the conditions of the Mediterranean are changing. That is, Halophila may have reached this far west before, but it did not have favorable conditions to survive and now it does. As explains Andrés Arona, first author of the study and Imedea researcher, is “a clear indication of the ‘tropicalization’ of the Mediterranean.” Why is it important. To begin with, because Halophila Stipulacea acts as a biological thermometer of real change in the Mediterranean. A tropicalization that opens the doors to some species and closes them to otherslike Posidonia or corals. But it also matters because the worrying precedent of the Caribbeanwhere its rapid colonization of large areas reduced biodiversity, altering the ecosystem. Something that is already happening in the eastern Mediterranean. Potential environmental impact. Given its presence in degraded sandy bottoms, its effect is ambivalent: it can increase structural complexity, although it can also displace the fauna typical of these bottoms. The greatest risk, however, would be if it came to compete with native phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanicasomething it has already done with other species in the Caribbean, where it colonized large areas in less than 20 years. The difference between both plants is not trivial. in words from Imedea researcher, Fiona Tomàs, “Posidonia is like a sequoia, Halophila is much smaller”: Posidonia generates a structural complexity that supports breeding habitats for hundreds of species and accumulates carbon in another order of magnitude. Halophila It does not generate anywhere near that architecture or that carbon storage. A change in species dominance would profoundly alter the ecosystem. What can be done. The good news is that this detection has been early and the sooner the warning comes, the more room there is to take action. The not so good thing is that it is a plant with its seeds and that the most definitive thing would be for the Mediterranean to reverse its tropicalization, but that means stopping the global warming. Little joke. In Xataka | The Ebro is filling with brown prawns, an invasive species that we are going to find more and more on our plates. In Xataka | The US has such a big problem with Asian carp in its rivers that it has decided something extreme: electrocute them Cover | Benjamin Guichard and Mariya Oliynyk

The US has just started live-fire exercises with its nuclear aircraft carrier. And it has done so in the waters claimed by China

by

Since the end of the Cold War, the naval presence has been one of the pillars of the United States’ strategic balance in the Asia-Pacific, an architecture designed to guarantee open trade routes and deter unilateral changes to the status quo. However, the rise of Beijing as a maritime power and the transformation of the South China Sea into one of the most disputed spaces of the planet have turned each naval movement into something more than a simple military routine, loading it with readings of all kinds. That’s why Washington’s latest move is so important. A deployment with high strategic value. The deployment of the nuclear supercarrier USS Abraham Lincoln At the end of November it occurred with a almost total discretionwithout official statements from the Pentagon or public indications about its area of ​​operations, a common practice when the US Navy wants to preserve freedom of strategic maneuver. This silence coincided with a moment loaded with internal symbolism, as Abraham Lincoln took over from USS Nimitzthe dean of the fleet, who returned to the United States after completing his last operational mission before beginning a long process of retirement and recycling. The handover is not a simple exchange of platforms, but rather a visualization of how Washington maintains its global presence seamlessly while orderly renewing the core of its naval power. Guam as a logistics anchor. It we have counted before. The battle group’s stopover in Guam reinforced the island’s role as one of the less visible pillars, but more decisive of US military architecture in the Indo-Pacific. Guam works like an advanced node from which prolonged operations are sustained, large units are resupplied and forces deployed thousands of kilometers from the continental territory are coordinated. That Abraham Lincoln was the second aircraft carrier to visit the island in a few weeks stressed the importance of this enclave at a time when the USS George Washingtonthe only aircraft carrier permanently based in Japan, remains out of commission for maintenance, demonstrating that asset rotation does not imply a real reduction in presence, but rather a carefully calculated redeployment. The “routine” in the South China Sea. The subsequent entry of the Abraham Lincoln into the South China Sea is part of an American strategy long term based on the normalization of its naval presence in waters that Beijing considers its own. Washington is not looking for a specific gesture or a spectacular demonstration, but for something more subtle and persistent: to operate regularly to prevent absence from consolidating territorial claims through deeds. By presenting these activities as routine, the United States intends reduce capacity of China to define the narrative, keeping open sea lanes that are essential for global trade and regional strategic balance. Demonstration of capabilities without escalation. During its recent activity, the combat group has integrated live fire exercisesresupply operations at sea and flights of the F-35Cthe fifth-generation shipborne fighter, composing a complete picture of its operational capability without resorting to explicit political messages. Added to this are tests of defensive systems like the Phalanx and the escort of Arleigh Burke destroyerscapable of operating in anti-aircraft, anti-submarine and land attack missions. The package conveys a clear signal of preparedness and self-reliance, one based on observable facts rather than public statements, and designed to deter without provoking unnecessary escalation. Strategic persistence against Beijing. With more than four decades of service, a profound mid-life modernization, and a track record that ranges from humanitarian evacuations to high-intensity conflicts, Abraham Lincoln represents the material continuity of American naval strategy. His presence against China It does not respond to a specific crisis or a specific situation, but to a structural logic that defines the Indo-Pacific like a central theater for the United States. In a context of growing competition and transition of the international order, the underlying message is that Washington has no intention of withdrawing or giving up operational space, and that its naval power will continue to be a constant, visible and functional factor in the region for the coming years. Image | US Navy In Xataka | The US has detected a naval advantage over China. The catapult of the Beijing aircraft carriers comes with a “factory” failure In Xataka | The US faced its invincible aircraft carrier with a tiny Swedish submarine. The zasca was anthological for years

In which waters Israel is to intercept ships

by

There were no surprises. Although Warnings of several governments (including Spanish) The ships of the Global Sumud Flotilla (GSF) have remained advanced towards the coast of Gaza, where in the last hours they met The brake of the Israeli armed forces. Both Tel Aviv and GSF have shared images of the approach, in which It can be seen for example to Greta Thunberg between soldiers after her vessel entered the “High risk zone”. The big question is … What exactly is that of the “high -risk area”? Can the Israeli State act in its waters? Do you protect international law when you do? What happened? That Israel has frustrated the plans of the Global Sumud Flotilla, the international mission formed by dozen ships that intended to bring humanitarian aid to Gaza and break the blockade to which the strip is subjected, where a serious famine is suffered recognized For the UN. As they have confirmed so much The Government Headed by Benjamin Netanyahu as his own Global Sumud Flotillathe Hebrew armed forces yesterday intercepted several boats of the squad, including its three main ships. Click on the image to go to Tweet. Where did they stop them? That is the key. GSF points out that the ships were intercepted to 70 nautical miles (almost 130 kilometers) of the coast of Gaza. On Wednesday, when most of the flotilla was still 115 miles (more than 200 km) from Gaza, their responsible They warned of the presence of drones and maneuvers that interpreted as the first intimidating acts of the Israeli naval force. Actually the Netanyahu government (and other authorities, such as the Italian executive) It takes days Insisting the flotilla that downloads its cargo in Greece or Cyprus, a possibility that activists They have ruled out flat. Why is it important? The exact point in which Israel intercepted the main ships of the humanitarian flotilla (before that GSF denounced that Tel Aviv had “intentionally damaged” ship communications) is not a simple curiosity. The organization assures that the Hebrew forces boarded their ships in “international waters” and speak of an “illegal” intervention. From the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs They hold They already warned GSF ships that they were approaching “an active combat zone” and its unwlighted “a legitimate naval block.” Yesterday they insisted in fact on their offer to “peacefully transfer their cargo to help Gaza for” safe channels. “ Does Israel control that area? The big question. In recent days, as the flotilla ships approached the coast of Gaza, there has been talk of “High risk zone”, “exclusion zone” or even “Active combat zone”as they have described from Tel Aviv. The key is … with international legislation in hand, can the Israeli State exercise military control in the area where the flotilla intercepted? What waters can control? Is it one “Illegal interception”How do you hold those responsible? What does the law say? The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (CDM), 1982, recognizes the existence of a strip of Territorial Sea on which states can exercise full sovereignty. Of course, it limits it to about 12 nautical miles, just over 22 kilometers. Israeli ships would have approached the humanitarian flotilla at a much larger distance, around 69 nautical miles (almost 130 km), according to those responsible. About 3.2 GMT+3 GSF assured That there were still 30 ships that were still heading to Gaza, placing about 46 nautical miles, “despite the incessant aggressions of the Israeli occupation navy.” Is that all? No. In addition to the territorial and sovereign waters of each country, international legislation recognizes riverside countries a larger area called Exclusive economic zone (Zee). Its surface extends much further, to the 200 nautical miles (370 km), although in that sea strip the power of states is something different. As its name indicates, the idea is that countries regulate their economic use, fishing, mining, drilling or energy projects, for example, allowing in theory theory Freedom of navigation. What happens in Israel? GSF claims that the flotilla ships were intercepted in “International Waters”but the truth is that this region of the Mediterranean is in an anomalous situation. Since 2007 Tel Aviv acts there autonomously After applying A block to Gaza who expands by land, tidal and air and intensified in October 2023. Hence “High risk zone”. There is who warns That, beyond the blockade or its greater or lesser right to act in the area, Israel has the obligation to guarantee the arrival of humanitarian aid. Others They point That arriving at the 12 nautical miles on the coast, the flotilla would be in Palestinian waters, not Israelis. The Global Sumud Flotilla is not the first mission that tries to break the blockade. The most popular (and dramatic) case was that of Mavi Marmarain 2010, when an approach to the Israeli navy resulted in Several dead. Yesterday, Minister Margarita Robles asked the members of the flotilla to value the “risk” they assumed and recalled that the Spanish rage ship would not enter the exclusion zone except “in case of absolute necessity” for “rescue work”. Images | Israel Foreing Ministry (x) and Freedom Fleet Coalition In Xataka | Spain told the US that I did not want its F-35. And now he just told him that his artillery for Israel does not pass around here

After months of indecision, meteorologists already see the girl in Pacific waters

by

Meteorologists pay their attention again in the strip that runs through the center-east of the Pacific Ocean. The strip whose temperature warns us of the activity of the oscillation of the southern El Niño, Enso. And, according to these observers, the pendulum gets back. The girl appears on the horizon. The latest data from the NOAA climate prediction (CPC) (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) United States They estimate 71% The probability that a girl’s event will arise throughout the last quarter of the year. Taking this into account, the center places the Enso alert state in “Surveillance of the girls.” This state is declared when “when the conditions are favorable for the development of El Niño or the girl within the next six months”, and is the first of the alert states provided by the CPC, the other being the other the “warning of El Niño or La Niña” and the “final warning of El Niño or La Niña”, which indicate the beginning and end of an event. A perhaps brief event. The forecasts indicate that we could be facing a relatively brief event of the girl. According to the CPC, the probabilities of the event in the quarter between December of this year and February 2026 are still favorable to the girl, In 54%. However, if the first quarter of 2026 is considered, the most likely conditions are neutrality: 54% probabilities compared to about 39% possibility of the girl. The girl, the cold event. And what does all this imply? The girl is the phenomenon that is opposed to that of El Niño in the homonymous oscillation. If the boy arises associated with a heating of the Equatorial Strip of the West of the Pacific, the girl is associated with a cooling of this oceanic region. At the meteorological level, Enso mainly affects the regions close to this strip, the Pacific coast of South America in particular. It is there where the consequences of this oscillation can cause widesarves. In addition to a cold event, the girl is a dry event that can lead to droughts. This has an impact on agriculture in the region among other factors. And what about Spain?Although to a lesser extent, the consequences of the alternation between the boy and the girl have global repercussions, and can affect the Spanish and European climate. In Spain the girl’s events tend to be noticed, bringing us a colder and dry climate. After a remarkably humid year, this could change the trend for the start of the hydroogical year. A measurement problem.The Unso status update occurs shortly after another organism, the Australian Meteorological Office or Bom (Bureau of Meteorology), will announce the need to introduce changes in its way of monitoring this climatic oscillation. Meteorologists use the temperature of the Pacific reference region as an indicator based on a threshold: if the temperature exceeds that fork, we are facing the child, if the temperature falls, the girl, and if it is maintained inside the parameter, the neutral state is considered. The problem arises because the increase in the average temperature of the waters in the region, the variation occurs with respect to a higher average. The result: there is a risk of detecting more El Niño events than they really occur, as long as the girl’s events are stopped. In Xataka | 2023 was the year in which the child and climate change competed. In the Amazon we already know who won Image | NASA, Jesse Allen

Mediterranean waters are so hot that Spain will suffer the consequences again: more hail

by

Heat is one of the great protagonists of this advanced start of summer, but a tough competition has come out thanks to the periodic storms that continue to condition the peninsular meteorology: hail. A week ago The storms surprised with huge balls, and it seems aimed at repeating the story. A complex panorama. Summer began with an alternation between warm episodes and atmospheric instability that has given way to An even more complex situation. A “all at once” that may seem disconcerting, but that could actually make quite sense because of some atmospheric dynamics. Looking at the Mediterranean. A few days ago We pointed out that the Mediterraneanand more specifically the Western Mediterranean, was at a remarkably higher temperature than what would be normal on these dates. Something that can condition the meteorology on the mainland. Today The predictions They continue to warn of an important risk storms in areas of the west peninsular, especially inside the Valencian Community. As some experts point out, both facts may be more related to what it seems. From heat to hail. The precedent can be found in the tanizades of the summer of 2022 (some hailstorms who came to leave a deadly victim), Explain in Twitter The physicist and disseminator German JJ. The German himself was a member of the team that last year published An article In the magazine Geophysical Research Letters in which he analyzed the 2022 event and the link between the surface temperature of the Mediterranean and the hailstorms. The study showed that the appearance of Supercells It was the result of the influence of an “unprecedented” amount of available connective energy. “The intensity of the storm was influenced by the abundant atmospheric energy and the humidity of the warm sea (…). When we exclude the warm sea factor of the simulations, the hail was made smaller,” explained the team in its study. Probable, not sure. The study was the result of many months of analysis focused on the particular case of 2022. A similar effort would be necessary to confirm the relationship between the present situation of the Mediterranean and the storms we are seeing these days. “An extremely warm sea does not directly explain very virulent storms. What it does is to enhance that, under favorable atmospheric conditions, they acquire a more aggressive behavior, giving extra and quality energy,” He clarified German. Where, how and when? Faced with such a convulsa situation, the State Meteorology Agency (Aemet) Maintain various notices For adverse phenomena: while in the west peninsular the predominate notices will be due to high temperatures, in the east it is the notices for rain and storms that colors the map. Today’s list of notices includes several areas in orange notice by high temperatures, which will be concentrated in the Guadalquivir Valley and surrounding areas: from the Sevillian countryside to the Cazorla region and the safe one the maximums could reach 40º. In Xataka | We do not know anything about El Niño at this point of the year. That is a meteorological mystery … and good news Image | ECMWF / David Trinks

Spain has a huge problem with contaminated waters. These researchers believe that the solution is the poplars

by

We say little, but Spain is an aquifer country. According to data from the Ministry of Ecological Transitionthese cover more than 90% of the national territory. To the point that the supply of two out of ten Spaniards depends on them. In this context, it is still worrying that the country has been overexploiting them, contaminating them And even making them disappear. And, eye, between 20,000 and 30,000 cubic hectometers of water come from there. Is there any way to save them? There are many. Many. But historical experience tells us that everything that entails rationalizing consumption is not simple in the medium term. Is the “Say law“In full performance: each resource is free for the efficiency improvements that the water system has achieved thanks to the new restrictions, investments and management improvements, they are dedicated to other economic sectors. They take it pointing at the Datadista For years: decades of “emergency measures” in front of drought has only ended up serving to “expand irrigation, increasing the problem of overexploitation and contamination of aquifers and wetlands.” The point is that the problem continues to grow, we continue to take water from the subsoil and the consequences begin to be very serious. The management that never comes. Wwf Spain revealed in 2019 that The four most important aquifers in the country have been sheared for years.Beyond: According to the reports of the Geological and Mining Institute“For decades, salinization of Mediterranean and insular Spanish coastal coastal aquifers have been known.” Despite this, “only in a few cases this situation is well managed.” What if we look for another way to ‘save’ the aquifers? That has been asked at the University of Granada and Institute for Agricultural and Fishing Research and Training of the Junta de Andalucía. And thanks to the European project Life Wood for Future, they have analyzed the impact of the chopperras on aquifers. Your findings They are very interesting because “It has shown that the chopperras purify the waters contaminated by agricultural fertilizers and that this crop has the capacity to take advantage of nitrates in their growth and prevent contaminating groundwater.” And no, it is not a theoretical issue. The researchers They are convinced That “the chopperras prevent the most important groundwater from the province, which covers 39 municipalities and widely exceeds the maximum concentration limits of legally established nitrates, 37.5 mg/l in groundwater, be contaminated.” An incredibly powerful approach. Because “due to their rapid growth, since they can reach about 20 meters high in ten years”, the poplars not only purify nitrate water naturally, but “They have a great ability to kidnap CO2 of the atmosphere, up to 20 tons per year. “ It is funny (so to speak) because suddenly two of the country’s large pending subjects, the management of aquifers and The health of treesare so intimately connected. Image | Silvan Schuppisser / Garnica In Xataka | In Spain, cutting urban trees looks like national sport. These Swiss have just demonstrated that it is a mistake

They are waters in conflict with Spain

by

Morocco has granted the Israeli company Newmed Energy a hydrocarbon exploitation license on an extension of 34,000 square kilometers in the Atlantic, off the coast of the Western Sahara. Why is a problem. Because the explorations conflict with the maritime sovereignty of the region. Claimed by Morocco, they are legally territorial waters of Spain, from the Spanish point of view. The Moroccan decision This complex relationship tensions even moreplay disputes about the Western Sahara and reinforces the strategic ties between Morocco and Israel, which have been narrowing in recent years, despite the geopolitical concerns derived from the Gaza War. The details. Israeli company Newmed Energy and Moroccan Adarco Energy have obtained an official rabat license To explore and exploit 17 maritime blocks in front of the Saharawi coasts, between the cities of Boujdour and Dajla. Newmed and Adarco possess, each, 37.5% of the permits, while the remaining 25% is from the Moroccan state company onhym. It is not the first Moroccan concession to Israeli companies. In 2021, Rabat granted licenses on another 109,900 km² to Ratio Petroleum and Navitas Petroleum. The conflict. The area granted is only 200 km from the Canary Islands, within an exclusive economic zone (ZEE) that Morocco established unilaterally in 2020, without international recognition. Both the Canary Islands and the Government of Spain have repeatedly stated that this delimitation lacks legal validity and overlaps with the Spanish Zee internationally recognized since 1981. The Israel factor. The concession is to reflect the approach between Morocco and Israel after Abraham’s agreements of 2020. and despite Gaza’s War. Through companies such as Newmed Energy, Israel seeks to position themselves as a key energy actor in the Mediterranean and North Africa. For Morocco, the alliance offers strategic, technological and diplomatic advantages, especially Before the Polisario Front (seeking the independence of the western Sahara) and Algeria. Now Spain will have to decide how it responds to these maritime and energy audacies. Images | Newmed Energy In Xataka | When it seemed that the controversy of underwater mining was appealing, the discovery of black oxygen threatens to reactivate it

South Korea has found a great structure in the waters that is disputed with China. It is the second time, and Beijing does not deny it

by

The conflict It began in the months of April and May 2024. In front of its coasts, in The yellow seaSouth Korea sighted a series of floating structures in the space that delimits the nation with China. From Beijing it was tried to reassure the neighbor explaining that what they saw only had fishing connotations, but no one escaped then that behind the movement could exist much more. New structures have turned on the spirits in Korea. A new dispute zone. As we said, a few weeks ago China began The construction of maritime infrastructure in the yellow seaa strategically crucial area between the Chinese Costa and the Korean Peninsula. The new facilities, A floating steel structure of more than 50 meters high and widewere detected by South Korean satellites, raising concerns that China is using the tactics of consolidating territorial claims through permanent constructions. With An area of ​​417,000 square kilometers, the yellow sea is rich in marine resources, oil and gaswhich makes it a key point of economic and geopolitical interest for both nations. Until now, South Korea has protested by the installation of Several structures since 2024claiming that these could be part of a major plan in China to exercise sovereignty over the area. In fact, the South Korean authorities believe that Beijing could build up to 12 of these structures, which would turn the area into a friction point into the already tense relations between both countries. China and its maritime tactics. The strategy of building permanent structures to affirm sovereignty is not new in Chinese politics. Moreover, Beijing has applied similar tactics in the South China Seawhere has transformed reefs into military bases And he has claimed jurisdiction on disputed waters with the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries. Everything indicates that the strategy seems to spread to the yellow sea, with direct implications for South Korea and its allies (Particularly, the United States). What does China say. We said it at the beginning. Chinese officials They have tried to minimize controversyalways describing these facilities as “fishing support infrastructures”but the South Korean security community fears that they are advanced for an eventual statement of Chinese sovereignty. In the words of Sang Hun Seokformer South Korean Diplomatic and Security Analyst, “these facilities act as the maritime equivalent of boots on the ground, establishing a physical presence that China will then use to consolidate their claims.” The provisional measures zone. The truth is that the yellow sea has been a historical dispute area between China and South Korea. In 2001, Both countries established the one known as the provisional measures zone (PMZ) to administer the area of ​​exclusive economic zones (ZEE) and avoid confrontations, delimiting fishing rights and prohibiting new constructions or the exploitation of resources until reaching a permanent agreement. Under it, the two nations are prohibited from building infrastructure or exploiting resources beyond fishing if the other does not agree. What happens? What South Korea He has repeatedly denounced for years that China has ignored these restrictionsallowing their fishermen to operate illegally in the South Korean Zee. Said dispute has even led to violent clasheswith South Korean maritime patrols shooting against Chinese vessels on more than one occasion. Hence, the construction of permanent structures is now seen as a new level of provocation, as it could sit a precedent that Weakens the capacity of South Korea to assert your maritime rights. The elephant in the room: USA. He Mutual Defense Pact between South Korea and the United States makes this dispute just a bilateral issue. With 28,000 American soldiers parked in South Koreaany Chinese movement that alters the strategic balance in the region could attract Washington’s attention. Until now, Americans have maintained a containment approach against Chinese expansion in the Indo-Pacific, particularly in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait, but but The yellow sea could become a new piece on the game board. Dispute with historical roots. From the Chinese perspective, Yellow Sea control has a strategic and symbolic weight. The reason? In the last 200 years, The great battles that defined the history of China were fought in this regionfrom the Opium wars until The Sino-Japanese war. Under this perspective, Beijing’s official narrative considers these wars as a historical humiliation imposed by foreign powers, and recovering absolute control over its coast is seen as part of the restoration of his “historical law”. The Chinese argument to reject an equitable division of the ZEE with South Korea is based on the fact that Its population and their coast are significantly largerso they believe that the dividing line should favor them. On the other sidewalk, South Korea and its allies defend the principle of the “midpoint”, according to which the maritime border should be drawn equally between both countries. And where do it leads to us? It is the big question. Of course, so far the dispute has not reached the seriousness of the Conflict in the South China Sea or the Eastern China Sea, where the Asian nation maintains confrontations with the Philippines and Japan respectivelybut the situation could quickly intensify if Beijing continues to expand its presence. It would not really be “so much.” If South Korea, with the support of the United States, decides to directly challenge these constructions, we could see a new front of tensions in the Indo-Pacific. Perhaps for this reason, at this time the great unknown is to know how far South Korea will allow (and its alliance with the United States) that Chinese tactics advance before taking more forceful measures. Image | Grid-AendalNASA In Xataka | The US and China Liby ‘Chips War’. Now South Korea prepares for ‘The War of Memoirs’ In Xataka | China has discovered an advantage to win the career career to the US: a “bubble” in its defense

Log In

Forgot password?

Forgot password?

Enter your account data and we will send you a link to reset your password.

Your password reset link appears to be invalid or expired.

Log in

Privacy Policy

Add to Collection

No Collections

Here you'll find all collections you've created before.