study

A study has revealed how much technology pays in Spain

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Compare it what companies of companies charge It is one of the most effective tools to know what range the remuneration of a certain sector For a certain vacancy or the time of request a salary. However, companies on a very rare occasion make that information public. The Manfred Technological Employment Platform have developed the study ‘Salary comparative of the Tech sector in Spain 2025‘In which, crossing the salary data of five companies operating in Spain, they have been able to establish salary bands for different corporate steps. The importance of salary transparency. In Spain it is not very common for companies to announce the salary bands for each profile and their career plans, although this helps all employees to understand how they can grow within the company and how much they can win. For that reason, in 2023 a New European regulations that will force companies to be more transparent with salaries. That information is relevant when request a salary or know if the salary of a certain job offer adapts to the average values ​​of the sector. Salaries in five technology. To carry out its study, Manfred has analyzed the public salary ranges and scales of Cabify, Alan and Factorial. On the other hand, external sources such as Glassdoor or Levels.fyi To know the data of Glovo and N26. Mandred has analyzed Salary progression For the different software engineering roles, depending on the experience and responsibility of the position, from the most junior profiles to the standing or principal standing positions. In addition, having 2022 datawe can see the salary evolution that these positions have had. Roles and salary profiles of the five companies Source: Manfred.com Where does it charge more and where does it rise faster? According to the study, Alan and Glovo are the companies that offer highest wages For positions of greater responsibility. Specifically, a main engineer can win up to 170,000 euros a year in Alan, and a salary of 150,000 euros annually plus 22,000 euros of variable bonus in Glovo. As for Junior profiles, it is Alan again who best pays its new employees, with salaries ranging between 45,000 euros and 48,000 euros per year. As for the speed with which It can be promoted and increase salary, the situation is somewhat more complex. Companies such as Factorial or Alan have many intermediate salary scales, which could be derived in periods of promotion between 12 and 18 months to the lowest profiles. The authors of the study consider that Glovo is the company where an elevated salary (more than 80,000 euros) can be achieved in less time. However, this process may require a career with more than 10 years of experience. Salary evolution since 2022. In general terms, salaries in the Spanish technology sector have improved considerably since 2022, especially in the most experienced positions. For example, in factorial, the highest salary ranges have improved between 15,000 euros and 30,000 euros a year thanks to the incorporation of a variable bonus. In Cabify, Senior and Staff roles have grown between 13,000 and 30,000 euros a year, while in Glovo, L4 and L5 ranges have increased between 20,000 and 30,000 euros a year in the last three years. In Xataka | The salary remains a source of job dissatisfaction: six out of ten employees consider that it charges little Image | Unspash (Sigmund)

A study has discovered a much more efficient activity for your brain than writing by hand or walking: sewing

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We spent the day with hurry to finish tasks pending, accumulating stress and with an excess of dopamine caused by the Infinite social media scroll that, in the long term, ends up undermining our Capacity for concentration. For this reason, neuroscientists recommend performing activities that give a breath to the brain and reduce stress levels. One of the most popular activities to get the body and mind down It is walkingbut a team of researchers from the University of Cardiff have found A curious alternative that, in fact, it has been put Very fashionable worldwide: sew or weave. The relaxing power of sewing In the midst of that maelstrom of things to do to what they call adult life, the brain needs to find A PEACE OF PEACE in relaxing activities capable of reducing daily stress levels. The hobbies They are not just hobbiesbut they are also valuable tools to exercise the brain activating areas related to creativity, psychomotor skills, coordination and even memory. Either sew, Write to Manoo readthese activities offer a healthy escape for stress and a way of exercising our brain in a pleasant way. An investigation of the Faculty of Occupational Therapy of the University of Cardiff published in the magazine Journal of Occupational Science He points out that sewing or weaving, is not only a mechanical movement, but an exercise that stimulates the brain and exercises the ability to concentrate in a single activity. This ability to focus all the attention on a precision motor activity makes stress levels reduce. For its part, the coordinated and constant movement of the hands activates neurotransmitters, keeping neurons working and our dynamic mind. This activity, far from being only for grandmothers, is a valuable therapy that improves the quality of life and helps to achieve a state of mental calm. As with other activities that involve Coordination skills Eye hand, sew or weaving favors the activation of different areas of the brain and releases neurotransmitters associated with well -being. In fact, the effects of weaving or sewing described by researchers at the University of Cardiff are very similar to those discovered by another group of researchers from Florida State University When washing the dishes. It is true that, after an exhausting day at work, the least can feel like it is to wash the dishes. However, the Study data They revealed that carrying out this monotonous and repetitive activity plunged the brain in a state of full attention that increased up to 25% the abstract thinking activity for the generation of new ideas and reduced by up to 27% the levels of stress and anxiety. In fact, as confessed in a Round of Questions in Redditthis is one of Bill Gates’s favorite activities to get rid of stress. Additional benefits for well -being Apart from the obvious mental benefits, sewing and weaving offer physical advantages that can improve the quality of life. These types of repetitive and mechanical activities provide effects similar to meditation: Reduce stress. When concentrating all the attention on the hands and in the creative process, it is possible to reduce blood pressure, which at the same time decreases the risk of cardiovascular problems. This physical and mental relaxation effect helps to disconnect from the accelerated rhythm of daily life. Analytical thought. Measure fabrics or threads, design garments, choose colors, plan projects, etc. All this contributes to strengthening analytical thinking and developing logical processes by establishing an order of priorities in the steps. Increase concentration. The activity requires attention to details, so the capacity for mental approach and attention is enhanced. Immediate tangible reward. Unlike other activities such as meditating, sewing or knitting provides a reward at the end of the work, which contributes to improving self -esteem. In addition to all that, sewing will allow you to repair the damage of your clothes, so, in addition, you are going to save some money while you relax. How much they knew Our mothers and grandmothers. In Xataka | Feeling over at work is normal, but it is not ideal: six techniques to avoid it and be much more productive Image | Pixabay (Wal_172619), Freepik

A McKinsey study does not have it so clear

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Teleworking is not living His best days. Large companies such as Amazon or Banco JPMorgan have asked their employees to They return to work at the office five per week and one of the reasons that I do is that so Improve productivity. However, a Recent study From the consultant McKinsey doubts this idea. Non -return situation. McKinsey’s report reveals that the change of model towards face -to -face seems to have consolidated in 2024, with a Increase from the Tour of Office 34%, turning 100% face -to -face work in a working day model for 68% of respondents. The most harmed type of day is, as you can imagine, The teleworking. In 2023, 44% of the interviewees worked remotely, compared to 17% who did it in 2024. The hybrid day has been contracted to a lesser extent, which has gone from 22% to 14%. Where do you work little matter. Managers seem to think that teleworking makes employees are less motivated And, therefore, they are less productive when they are not working from the company’s offices. McKinsey’s study reveals that the place where he works does not have Nothing to do with productivity. “There is no clear winner when it comes to a work model that provides a high level of experience and productivity to employees. Both face -to -face workers and hybrids report similar levels of intention when giving up, showing exhaustion, effort and satisfaction,” say the authors of the report. Productivity will not change. From McKinsey they emphasize that the productivity data is more related to the mood of the workforce, than with the location from which they work. “The amount of effort that employees claim to dedicate to their work is similar among hybrid and remote workers,” says the report. McKinsey advises managers that, instead of forcing employees to return to the office to improve productivity, they focus on promoting collaboration, connection between employees, mentoring and skills development. According to the consultant, these five aspects are key to improving performance in the work and well -being of employees. Or satisfied, or nothing. Likewise, the study data has revealed that, on average, the employee satisfaction It is moderate. The majority of the employees of each day model are satisfied or very satisfied with the type of day assigned to them. In part, this is because in many companies it is the employees themselves who choose the type of day, or the company has taken into account its situation to assign it. This data is contrasted with a intention of resignation of 39%, which is close to the figures that were reached during The great resignation with 40%. “The Z generation, which has a greater intention of leaving, in particular for face -to -face and remote roles (45 percent and 51 percent, respectively),” they point out from McKinsey. Of these two data, analysts deduce that policy change has placed a part of the employees in a model in which they are satisfied with the company or, on the contrary, they are about to abandon it for not. Create the right environment. The change of day in itself productivity will not change And the motivation of employees, but will do so, regardless of the assigned work model, promote collaboration, connectivity, innovation, mentoring and development of personal skills. “Changing the work model alone will not solve or change the nature of the problem unless organizations address why their employees feel that way (dissatisfied),” they remember from McKinsey, pointing to those five functions as the key to improving the motivation and performance of the templates. The problem is that the perception of the application of these five key practices differs greatly between what managers believe they are offering and what their employees perceive. The gap is greater than 25%. In Xataka | Three Spanish companies tell us how it has gone after implementing a job utopia: the four -day week Image | Unspash (Clay Leconey)

Emirates financed a study to know if it can cause rain in the desert with solar farms. The answer is yes

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As water It becomes a more precious resource than oila group of scientists has analyzed if solar farms can have an even more beneficial effect than generating energy with sunlight: making it rain in the desert, offering the communities most affected by drought water and renewable energy at the same time . Climate engineering against drought. Given the drama of its waning water resources, the United Arab Emirates government financed a study published by German researchers in Earth System Dynamics. The researchers proposed to create artificial heat islands by installing large black surfaces (ideally, solar panel farms) to enhance precipitation in arid areas. A promising result. The scientists simulated the impact of these surfaces with advanced models and obtained surprising results. A heat island of 20 km² induces an increase in rains 571,616 m³ a day. This could be translated into water supplies for about 31,000 people. Only with an area of ​​20 km². But the interesting thing about study is not its quantitative results, but the possibility of implementing these surfaces taking advantage of existing infrastructure, such as photovoltaic solar panels. This solution would not only address water scarcity but also contribute to renewable energy production. How it works. That a farm of solar panels can induce rain is not a very intuitive concept, but it is something that He has been studying for a while, particularly in the Sahara. These facilities, by absorbing heat with their dark panels, could create ascending currents that, under the right conditions, would trigger rain storms. When these farms exceed a certain size (about 15 km²), the heat absorbed by the panels, in contrast to the most reflective sand, significantly increases the convection currents necessary for cloud formation. Areas where we know is viable. For this process to work, a source of atmospheric humidity is needed. The models showed that the wet winds of great height from the Persian Gulf are enough, to the joy of Emirates. The researchers also identified other areas of the world where it could work, such as Namibia and the Peninsula of Baja California in Mexico. Some limitations. The initiative requires darker surfaces than those commonly produced by solar panel manufacturers. Some panels are even reflective to improve your thermal performance. However, the Construction of increasingly large solar farmsespecially in China, they open the door to try the idea in the real world. It won’t be simple, of course. The implementation of gigantic heat islands raises logistic, but also ecological and social challenges. For example, how would these surfaces affect local biodiversity? What would be the visual and social impact on nearby communities? You need more research and pilot tests to discover it. The case of Emirates. The United Arab Emirates government, which financed the study, is facing the shortage of two ways, mainly: desalination and sowing of clouds. The program of Cloud sowing through airplanes Plan about 300 missions every year, but like desalination, it is an expensive method with limitations. In this context, large solar farm surfaces are a promising alternative. Image | Pixabay In Xataka | The regions of the world most threatened by drought, collected in a great interactive map In Xataka | The biggest problem of Perovskita’s solar panels was its durability. China has just resolved it *An earlier version of this article was published in February 2024

We knew that the Spaniards did not shut up or under water. Now a study has measured it: 6.9 seconds

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It has happened to us all. You get into An elevator With four other strangers to climb to the ninth floor of a building and when you go for the second you already feel how a leading silence takes over the cabin, of those who seem to be cut with a knife. Uncomfortable. Annoying. Almost, almost pasty. The same when they introduce you to someone and nobody knows what to say or you just reached a first date. The silent silence. But … does everyone bother equally? A study He has just revealed no. A figure: 6.8 seconds. Yeah You feel uncomfortable When you are surrounded by strangers in a closed and small space and suddenly the silence becomes quiet: you are not alone. A study Prepared by the Online Platform for Language Learning PREPY He has confirmed that this sense of irritation before silence is common, very common. It is so common, in fact, that the vast majority of the 26,700 people from 21 different countries that have surveyed PREPLY in Your study They recognize sharing it. And not just that. Its report concludes that this feeling of restlessness does not take long to generate. On average, it occurs when we have 6.8 seconds without pronouncing or listening to a single word. In the case of the Spaniards they are 6.9. A percentage: 77%. That is the percentage of Spaniards who claim to feel uncomfortable when a conversation dies and no one is able to resume it: 77%almost eight out of ten. There are many, but much less than in other societies even more ‘allergic’ to silence. The palm in that aspect is taken by Brazil, where 85% feel uneasiness to mutism. In Italy they are 75%, in Colombia, 80%, in the US 82%and our French and Portuguese neighbors move between a fork of approximately 70 and 75%. A country: Thailand. The survey De Preply shows that discomfort in the face of prolonged and unwanted silences is a universal feeling. Of course, the key is what we understand by “prolonged silence.” Depending on Culturehabits and customs of each country The span of mutism that we are able to tolerate varies considerably. Two data arrives to check it: in Brazil on average they feel uncomfortable after 5.5 seconds of silence, while in Japan that does not happen until past 8.1. It is not easy PREPLY STUDY It is that our relationship with him is complex. For example, Thailand is the country of the list that to tolerates the most seconds and secondly is also an Asian nation, Japan, with 7.8 seconds. But the third and fourth positions are for European countries: Netherlands, where the brand is 7.4; and Germany (7,3). If we cross the data to 6.2. City Second average before feeling uncomfortable Saragossa 5.79 Valladolid 5.95 Murcia 6.05 Barcelona 6.21 Valencia 6.28 Bilbao 6.29 Palma de Mallorca 6.5 A Coruña 6.55 Las Palmas 6.68 Gijón 6.75 Malaga 6.84 Cordova 6.86 Madrid 7.01 Seville 7.17 Alicante 7.32 Grenade 7.51 Vitoria 7.66 Santa Cruz de Tenerife 8.44 Vigo 8.64 San Sebastián 8.67 A city: San Sebastián. The report is not limited to analyzing countries. It also compares cities. And in the case of Spain it reveals some striking contrasts. According to the data collected by PREPLY, the most tolerant Spaniards to involuntary silences are donostiarras. In San Sebastián they do not feel uncomfortable until past 8.67 seconds, more or less like the vigueses (8,64) and Tenerife (8,44). In the opposite pole are the Zaragozanos, who worry at 5.79 seconds, and the Pucelanos (5.95). A place: the elevators. Not everyone reacts to mutism. And not all places awaken the same sensations. 79% of respondents recognized that the site where they have been found more commonly with pasty and heavy silences are closed spaces, such as elevators. Other situations in which that same sensation abounds are the breakups (73%) and when you maintain a first date with someone (72%). In the list there are other scenarios equally predictable, such as casual talks with strangers, funerals or conflict situations. A situation: the presentations. There is something that seems to be especially uncomfortable: the awkward silences during the Public presentations. 36% of respondents by PREPY recognized that this is the situation in which mutism fear the most, even more than in the first appointments, fights, elevator trips, couple discussions or family gatherings. Where we have more assumed are in the talks with co -workers or when we contact someone online. Images | Baruk Granda In Xataka | This is the most silent room in the world. No one is able to endure an hour in it

Communicating with our cats has always been a complex task. A study has discovered the key: flashing

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The Human-Perro communicationand vice versa, it’s really simple. After thousands of years of domestication and coexistence, dogs and humans understand each other almost effortlessly. In fact, they have even Evolved your facial muscles and eyesTo be more expressive and communicate better with us. With cats, the thing changes. We continue unraveling cat domestication And, although they are fully integrated into our homes, it is evident that there are still some Understanding problems. If you have a cat, you will know ‘talk’ with him and read his intentions, but that penetrating look is sometimes a mystery. And that is when we blink slowly. And the cat imitates us. And the magic is done. The reason is that it is the equivalent of the human smile, at least that indicated in a study. The cat smile In 2020, a study called ‘The role of blinking of cats in communication between cats and humans’ explored how this usual gesture in felines is an interspecies communication method. If you have a cat, you will know what we are talking about: that moment in which the cat stares at you and, suddenly, flashes very slowly, as almost falling asleep to, then, to open your eyes fully. He is not sleeping (well, sometimes yes), but trying to communicate with you. Karen McComb is a psychologist at Sussex University and commented that “it is something that many cat owners already They suspectedso it is exciting to have found evidence of it. ” To have that evidence, the team of psychologists did two experiments. The first experiment included 21 cats (11 females and 10 males, aged between four months to 16 years) of 14 different homes. Its owners – 14 humans participated and the instruction was clear: when the cat had eaten in their family environment, the owners had to sit a meter away and slowly blink when the cat stared at them. In the second, another 24 cats of eight different homes were included and there were two differences. The first and most obvious is that the owners were not on this occasion those who performed the flicker: it was the researchers. In addition, after blinking, they extended their hand towards the cats. The tests were recorded, analyzed and the researchers They concluded that cats slowly blin into the initial flickering of humans and, in the case of flickers by the researchers, after the same, they used to approach them to interact with their hand. If they did not blink first, they were less likely to approach in a friendly way. In addition, in the analysis of the recordings, they realized that the cats did not blink in the same way when they were alone or between them and when they were with a human who has slowly blink first. McComb’s conclusion is that it is something we can try with our cats at home, since “it is a great way to improve the link you have with it.” But … why? Three reasons are considered. The first is pure and hard survival: a fixed look is a symptom that it is alert. The cat can also consider that you are, or you can be a threat, if you stare at it, without blinking or flickering quickly, so a slow blink interprets it as you are relaxed and, at the same time, he also lowers his guard. It’s like a friendly smile. On the other hand, the researchers considered that it could be a form of imitation. It is not a secret that cats often imitate their owners and have actions that we consider funny, but that it is simply an attempt to copy human movements and actions. There are always doubts when it comes to animals such as cats and, above all, domesticatedbecause it is always possible that cats have developed that expression because humans respond emotionally when they do. The third reason is that it may have been a technique that cats themselves have perfected to cut an intense, penetrating and potentially threatening look. If they blink slowly and returned the gesture, they interrupted an awkward situation. Whatever, the researchers affirm that, whether it works as if not, it is interesting game hours or petting. And, evidently, it also has practical implications. If we know that cats feel more comfortable in environments in which they feel that the human is not a threat, it is easier to work with them in shelters or veterinary centers. Although, of course, this depends a lot on the character of each feline. As a contribution: I’ve been trying with my three cats for years. None have even paid me. Of course, as soon as I open a little latically, they magically communicate perfectly Images | Nature, Sabri Tuzcu In Xataka | Cats are not as apathetic as we thought. This is what demonstrates its wide repertoire of facial expressions

“We had an architecture study two days stopped”

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In recent days, thousands of Spanish companies have been affected by a measure adopted by Movistar, at the request of LaLiga, to combat illegal broadcasts of football matches. The Teleco has begun to block Cloudflare IP addressesa fundamental service that provides security and optimization to a large number of websites. The problem is that these IPS are shared by many totally legal and legitimate services, which causes the blockade to affect business indiscriminately They have nothing to do with illegal football streaming. Not only online stores “We do not give credit. It seems that it was not Spain. It’s crazy,” says Nelson Domínguez, CEO of Docastixa small mobile application development company. Docastix was directly affected over the weekend when one of its customers, in full product launch with an important advertising campaign, discovered that Movistar users could not access their online store. The company was investing in advertising, paying for each click that took potential customers to its website, but Those clicks translated into error pages for Movistar users. “The launch was a disaster,” explains Domínguez. “We have not been able to count that specific impact yet, but it has been high. The campaigns were lost, the clicks and potential purchases were lost. And then our work to put a solution.” Cloudflare panel with the online store data that Docastix speaks. It is appreciated how the 8 (day indicated in the graph) begins the fall and does not begin to trace until 11. The advertising campaign had begun on the 7th (the traffic peak). Ceded image. Movistar’s response to the problem has been confusing. When Domínguez contacted the operator, they asked for his ID and A relationship of all the websites I had tried to access without success. Then they assured that the problem was solved. “We lost four hours of work again,” he says. “Today, what they have done is to implement blockades every 15 minutes. That is not a solution: perhaps a customer can enter to buy, but when he is going to pay he has already stopped working.” Cloudflare sent a hard statement to Xataka in which he accused LaLiga of acting deliberately, knowing the consequences of his blockade: «Although LaLiga perfectly understood that blocking Shared IP addresses would affect the rights of millions of consumers to access hundreds of thousands of websites that do not violate the law, LaLiga continued with said blockade. This seems to reflect the erroneous belief that their commercial interests must prevail over the rights of millions of consumers to access an open internet ». LaLiga, meanwhile, responded to Xataka With another statement in which he attributed cloudflare the responsibility of using his legal clients as “digital shield”: «Given the statements of Cloudflare to Xataka, LaLig legal as a digital shield to protect criminal organizations and mafias ». “LaLiga has repeatedly required Cloudflare to stop this complicit activity with criminal organizations, which threaten intellectual property and incur multiple criminal activities such as the violation of intellectual property, all kinds of scams and pornography, without a favorable response.” “Thus, LaLiga is not positioned against free access to the Internet, but requests measures and carries out controlled actions against companies or organizations that profit from illegal and criminal acts using legal companies as a digital shield.” LaLiga sources add that it is key to understand the role of Cloudflare not only in the illegal retransmission process of parties, but also of the process that follow to house domains. They explain that they are companies that trust Cloudflare, and deserve to know, according to their version, that they are used as a digital shield while it is profitable, hosting and protecting illegal and mafia activities next to the legal companies that are now affected. They speak of intentional complicity. And the impact goes far beyond online stores. Manuel Márquez, Systems Technician Cloudatarecounts serious cases that illustrate the breadth of the problem: “I had an architecture study two days stopped. They are not only websites and stores, but critical business applications for the daily functioning of companies. “Among their business clients have been affected from law firm, which could not access Lexneteven photography studies that depend on cloud services to share files with their customers. And he also affects the solution of fifteen minutes: “The architecture study has already told us that he will report, because they have left them two days,” he says. “We saw that the IPS were blocking every fifteen minutes. Not only do they do it wrong, but they do it wrong and are trying to mask it.” The situation has forced many companies to take drastic measures. Docastix, with only seven employees, has had to dedicate vital resources to move clients out of cloudflare. “Of those seven not everyone can attack the problem by the subject of knowledge, and of which yes, I can only at that time,” Domínguez explains. “We are a very recent small company, there are clients who do not understand this at all and sound a bit of an excuse. It seems that you blame Movistar from a mistake of yours.” The risk of deactivating cloudflare without a previous plan The background technical problem is complex. Cloudflare acts as a security intermediary for a large part of the Internetprotecting companies against computer attacks. As he explains Jaume PonsSystems Engineer in an automotive multinational, “for a small company, something else is unasumable. In the end, if you expose your website directly they lie down if they propose it. You have to use mastodontic suppliers such as Cloudflare, which will provide that first barrier of cybersecurity input. “ The paradox is that some companies, desperate to maintain their operational services, They are choosing to deactivate the protection of Cloudflare, exposing themselves to security risks. “They are actions that no longer end that someone cannot access a service,” Pons warns, “but that companies that have been forced to deactivate protections have been much more exposed to attacks without an adequate plan.” Economic damage multiplies in unexpected ways. Companies not … Read more

A study has estimated Chatgpt’s energy cost. According to its conclusions, it is not as apocalyptic as it appears

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Chatgpt at 3 WHating. In October 2023 A study Alex de Vries pointed out that a Chatgpt consultation had an estimated energy cost of 3 Wh. His estimate came from comments from Google, whose managers indicated that Chatgpt’s consumption was “probably” 10 times that of a search. And Google herself had revealed that in 2009 each search was 0.3 Wh, and hence the final figure. De Vries, by the way, has previously published another study in which he warned of the worrying bitcoin mining energy consumption. From Vries, yes, he took reference that the average consultations were about 4,000 input tokens and 2,000 output, which would be equivalent to quite long questions and answers, when it is normal to make them shorter. Efficiency gains whole. Throughout that time many things have changed, both for Google – whose results and infrastructure are very different from that of 15 years ago – and for Chatgpt, which has also gained whole efficiency. It is very likely that Google consultations are now more efficient, but surely those that are also those of Chatgpt and other chatbots. A new estimate. Epoch AI is a non -profit organization that among other things is responsible for the creation of the Benchmark FrontierMath. This test tries to assess the mathematical computing capacity of AI models, and has become one of the most interesting metrics for its difficulty. Your researchers have now published a study in which they precisely estimate the energy consumption of a chatgpt consultation. Chatgpt consumes ten times less than what was thought. According to its conclusions, Chatgpt consultations based on the LLM GPT-4O consume about 0.3 watts-room, which is ten times less than what was previously considered. That 0.3 Wh “calculation is in fact relatively pessimistic, and it is possible that many or most requests are even cheaper.” How they have done the calculation. In Epoch they have been based on known data for their calculations. Thus, they point out that according to Openai a Token equals approximately 0.75 words and that generating a token costs approximately 2 flops. Taking into account the calculation capacity of the GPUS NVIDIA H100 (989 TFLOPS in TF32, 67 Tlops in FP32 Operations) and their consumption (1500 W, although they consider that they actually consume 70% of that average power), the result It is the aforementioned. Everything has improved. As we pointed out, in Epoch AI, they emphasize that the difference between this estimate and the previous Until better multiply. In addition, in the previous estimate “there was an excessively pessimistic count of the necessary tokens.” How much are 0.3 Wh? They are equivalent to less than the amount of electricity than a LED bulb or a laptop consume “in a few minutes.” According to the Energy Information Administration of the United States, an average home there consumes 10,500 kWh per year, that is, about 28,000 Wh a day. Even an intensive use of chatgpt does not seem excessively to influence that consumption. Reason consumes more. Although they take GPT-4O as a reference, they make it clear that using reasoning models such as O1 or O3-mini requires more energy consumption, but for the moment they are less popular. And train the models, too. These researchers have also highlighted the energy cost of training models such as GPT-4O, which according to their estimates would have been between 20 and 25 MW in a period of three months. That would be equivalent to some 20,000 middle homes in the US. The general costs are worrisome. Although the data in this study reveal that using chatgpt does not consume as much energy as previously estimated, the problem may be another. The general energy costs of AI are colossal and aim to be much higher in the short term: the Big Tech fever for investing tens of billions of dollars to build data centers. And he does it because all these data centers will have huge needs at the energy level. Eye: Let’s not forget the air conditioning. Image | Xataka with Freepik Pikaso In Xataka | The amazing history of ARM, the architecture that triumphs on the mobile and that was born more than 30 years ago in Acorn Computer

A study has simulated what would happen on Earth if Asteroid Bennu ends up impacting in 2182. The climate we know would not exist

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The chances of crashing an asteroid of “large” category on our planet They are, on average, 0.001%. Therefore, everything that begins to raise that figure begins to be “less” normal. Hence Let’s talk about 2024 YR4 and its 1.6%. That said, and although there are less possibilities that it will occur, due to its size, The Bennu Asteroid It would be one of the most dangerous of the solar system. How much? That is precisely what they wanted to find out in South Korea. Potentially dangerous. The Bennu Asteroid, an object close to the land of approximately 0.5 kilometers in diameter, has been identified as one of the greatest known space threats. His orbit brings him closer to our planet every six years, and although the risk of impact is extremely low (right now it is 0.037%), the possibility of colliding with the Earth on September 24, 2182 has led the scientific community to the scientific community analyze in depth its possible effects. An unprecedented recent study, Posted in Science Advances By researchers at the IBS Institute of Climate Physics of the National University of Pusan ​​in South Korea, it has modeled for the first time the climatic and ecological consequences of an impact of a medium -sized asteroid such as Bennu. The results, of course, are not the best. The legacy of an ancient asteroid. Scientists believe that Bennu detached himself from a larger asteroid, rich in carbon, between 700 million and two billion years ago, progressively approaching the Earth’s orbit. Its composition is of great scientific interest for a simple and fascinating reason: contains key elements for lifewhat motivated NASA’s Osiris-Rex mission to explore it in 2020 and bring samples to Earth in 2023. However, and beyond its scientific value, Bennu represents a real risk that, although unlikely, cannot be ignored. Impact simulation. As explained in the study, South Korean researchers designed Detailed models to analyze how that possible impact of Bennu would affect climate, biodiversity and food security. What did they find? The most extreme scenario revealed that the impact would inject into the atmosphere between 100 and 400 million tons of dust. In other words, more graphic: it would block sunlight and plunge the planet in abrupt cooling. As for the effects, the simulation showed a certainty: They would be global and devastating. Namely: reduction in the average planet temperature in up to 4 ° C, a decrease comparable to the eras glaciers, 15% drop in rainfall, affecting the water supply and agriculture, loss of 32% of the ozone layer , exposing life on Earth to dangerous levels of ultraviolet radiation, and the decrease in photosynthesis by 20-30%, both in terrestrial and sailor ecosystems, which would cause a serious crisis in food production. In short, these combined effects would trigger, according to the study, A winter of impact that would last between three and four yearscausing global famine and an ecological crisis of enormous proportions. Comparison with past events. While a Bennu impact would be devastating, the truth is that the earth has faced major threats. The best known event occurred 66 million years ago, When an asteroid of 10 kilometers in diameter hit what is now Chicxulub, Mexicocausing the extinction of dinosaurs and climatic alterations that endured thousands of years. In comparison, Bennu is significantly smaller, but large enough to cause mass destruction and deeply alter the biosphere. Not just that. Other studies suggest that medium -sized asteroids such as bennu collide with the earth approximately every 100,000 to 200,000 years, indicating that Our prehistoric ancestors could have experienced similar events with impact on human evolution and global biodiversity. Impact on the oceans. Despite the catastrophic effects, Bennu’s impact could generate an unexpected reaction on the oceans. The iron released in the stratosphere would be deposited in the sea, stimulating the proliferation of phytoplankton and zooplanktonessential organisms for the marine food chain. According to the study, while land ecosystems would take two to three years to recover, Marine life could recover in just six monthsand even exceed their levels prior to the impact due to the increase in nutrients. Planetary Defense Strategies. Despite the low impact risk, NASA and other space agencies work on the development of planetary defense technologies. For example, the Dart mission (Double Asteroid Redirection Test)carried out in 2022, he successfully demonstrated the human ability to divert the trajectory of an asteroid, opening the door to future mitigation strategies. And besides Bennu, there are other more immediate threats. For example and as we have explained these days, Asteroid 2024 YR4 has a 1.6% probability of impacting the Earth in 2032which reinforces the need to continue with research and develop effective prevention systems. What does seem clear to this last study is that not only reveals the vulnerability of our planet to cosmic events, but also highlights that need to advance surveillance and planetary defense technology. While the possibility that Bennu or any other asteroid impact the earth is minimal, geological history demonstrates that events of this type have shaped the evolution of life and could happen again in the future. Image | Ghost presentNASA In Xataka | All DNA bases and 14 of 20 amino acids: NASA has found molecules linked to life in Bennu samples In Xataka | Physicists have been looking for a fundamental “fifth strength.” Bennu may have approached us to find her

A Japanese study is being able to transform methane into a clean energy source: turquorogen turquorogen

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Green hydrogen is the best known for its production from renewable energy, becoming One of the cleanest options. However, there are other types of hydrogen that can be of less to more pollutants. Among which we are going to highlight turquoise hydrogen, because it has aroused interest in its production process from methane without emitting CO₂. Turquoise hydrogen. The Japanese company Ebara has begun to investigate The main benefits of using turquoise hydrogen in front of other types of hydrogen. In his studies he has found in this gas a clean alternative that comes from methane contained in natural gas or biogas. The National Institute of Materials Sciences and the University of Shizuoka participate in the project, as well as the Taiyo Koko material manufacturer. In addition, the initiative is part of the Organization for the Development of New Energies and Industrial Technologies, promoted by the Japanese Government. How is the process? The Japanese company has concentrated its work on the pyrolysis of methane, that is, in trying to separate hydrogen and solid carbon into different reactors. From this work, more efficient hydrogen can be produced without compromising the quality or amount of carbon generated. In addition, when separating solid carbon, the possibility of using it in a variety of industries, such as the manufacture of tires, carbon fibers for cars and airplanes, among others, is opened. What happens in Spain? If we have to talk about hydrogen and methanewe can talk about Spain, but before that a recent report has detailed that the Iberian Peninsula leads the energy transition with 82% of clean electricity. Spain has stood out for ambitious initiatives, such as the H2Med corridorwhich aims to create an infrastructure for the distribution of green hydrogen between Spain, France and other countries in Europe. For its part, the biomethane It is presented As an interesting option in the context of the transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy, being one of the sources to produce hydrogen without CO₂ emissions, as demanded by the growing energy industry. Turkish hydrogen forecasts. The future of turquoise hydrogen seems promising and Spain could become a great energy hub if combines the different projects that are underway. For its part, the Ebara company hopes to have its production process ready for marketing around 2026. In addition, the combination of clean hydrogen with solid carbon industrial applications opens new opportunities for the use of these materials in key sectors, such as automotive and aviation, which could transform not only energy, but also entire industries. Everything remains in Navarra. Apart from producing hydrogen through methane, there are also other investigations to continue taking advantage of this gas. A group of engineers from the same Autonomous Community managed to develop A solution by transforming the way clean energy occurs from methane. This research, focused on a technique of decomposition of methane, promises to offer a sustainable natural gas alternative without generating carbon dioxide emissions (CO₂). Image | Pixabay Xataka | The largest recorded methane is just a warning: we have been underestimating this greenhouse gas for decades

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