red

The government blames Red Eléctrica. Electric network blames electric. Electricity blames the Government and Red Eléctrica

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Crossing accusations among the actors of the Spanish energy system. The Government of Spain published at the last minute of Tuesday the report that will submit to Brussels on the blackout of April 28, in which it indicates the poor planning of the network operator. Hours later, Red Electrica has submitted its own report, pointing to the bad praxis of electric companies. The electric, on the other hand, deny all responsibility, ensuring that their systems acted correctly to an unstable network, and accusing the opacity authorities. In a corner of the ring, the Government of Spain. The official report of the analysis committee created by the Government is overwhelming: the blackout was the result of a surge chain reaction that the system could not support. Although the 182 pages technical research Distribute responsibility between the planner and the executors (plants that were connected, but did not comply with the criteria set to control the tension), the Ministry for Ecological Transition directs directly to the network operator due to structural weakness. Among entire pages censored to maintain the confidentiality of those involved, the Government report indicates the two critical errors committed by Electricity that day: poor programming and insufficient capacity for dynamic control of tensions. On the one hand, the number of thermal groups scheduled to regulate the tension was lower than that of previous weeks. On the other, the operator did not replace a group in the southern zone that had been out of service the previous afternoon. It was where the waterfall caused the three disconnections They made the system fall like a nipe castle. Following the protocols was the third “mistake” that, without being considered bad praxis, the operator committed. According to the report, Red Eléctrica made three decisions to reduce system oscillations that rose the tension: 1) increase the misery of the network, connecting several 400 kV lines previously disconnected; 2) reduce exports to France and Portugal; and 3) disconnect several reactances, equipment that absorbs reactive energy to lower the tension. The result was the waterfall that triggered the automatic disconnection. In the other corner of the ring, Red Electric. Faced with the conclusions of the Government, Red Electrica has submitted its own report and a closed defense of his performance. Their managers denied any planning error and aimed directly at the electric: “If the third -party centrals had regulated the tension as they should, the blackout had not occurred,” said Concha Sánchez, director of operation of the system, at the press conference on Wednesday. Electric Red defends that its programming was enough. That calculations and technical restrictions were made “whenever all groups comply with the obligations imposed by current regulations.” And that this would have been the right plan if the others had fulfilled their part. Who are the others? The electric. Operator’s analysis determines that disconnections that caused the blackout They should not happen: the plants shot without the tension reaching the ranges required by the regulations. They coincide with the government in which the generation “did not comply with the established obligations” to regulate the tension and “did not absorb the reactive energy” that was obliged to absorb. As a cake, the president of Redeia, Beatriz Corredor, accused the electric Do not facilitate all the required information or to do it without sufficient quality for a technical analysis. On the other side of the quadrilateral, the electric. Large electric companies (Iberdrola, Endesa and EDP) categorically deny any failure in their facilities. Its version is that the protection systems acted “as established by the electrical regulations in the face of a serious situation of network instability.” That the disconnections were automatic and correct to protect the equipment from a network that was already unstable. And that its centrals followed at all times the instructions of the system operator. The electric They also accused the government of “issuing public judgments that only result in the confusion and hinder of the process”, and claimed to Red Electric to share all the technical information transparently. The employer assures that Electric detected tension problems “Before the incident occurs” and communicated them to Red Electric. Problems that, according to the employer’s version, were discarded by the operator. A significant fact is that the report presented on Wednesday by Red Electrica focuses on events after 12:03 of April 28, qualifying the previous facts as “non -relevant.” A statement criticized by analysts, since the government’s own report details “atypical” volatility in tensions throughout the morning and previous weeks. In the words of the electric, the operator cannot act as “judge and part” of the investigation. And in the corner that remains, consumers. Those who We will pay at the light bill The cost of restoring electricity with synchronous generators, later recovering The cheapest renewable energy. Those who are at the mercy of little transparent data to choose who to believe in this war of accusations, whose backdrop is the foreseeable legal battle for compensation. The blackout not only affected Spain, but also Portugal and partially to France, which anticipates millionaire claims, which in turn explains the defensive position of all those involved and the meticulous construction of their respective stories. The great blackout of April 28 was not a simple technical failure. It was the collapse of a system that operated on the edge, evidencing a chain of vulnerabilities That, once the responsibilities were purified, it will have to be corrected. Another put to the point that We will undoubtedly end up noticing In the light invoice. Image | Marvel, Freepik, Xataka In Xataka | After the blackout, a proposal gains strength: dividing Spain into three price areas for light

Sign up to Red Electrica for insufficient control

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On April 28 at 12:33:30, an energy zero disconnected the electrical systems of Spain and Portugal from the rest of Europe. It was not a cyber attack, but a waterfall of surge and an insufficient control system, according to the Spanish government. The analysis committee report. Minister Sara Aagesen has presented 49 days after the blackout (half of the term established by Brussels) the result of an analysis of more than 300 GB of information carried out by the Government Committee. He Complete document He concludes that there was no unique cause, but a waterfall of failures that pushed the system beyond its limit, and mainly indicates Red Electric, who will answer Wednesday by making his own report public. The Government points to Red Electrica. During the morning of the incident, the system already showed an “atypical volatility” in tensions, according to the analysis. The situation worsened between 12:00 and 12:30, when the network suffered two major oscillations. The first, at 12:03, was an anomalous phenomenon of 0.6 Hz originated within the Peninsula. The second, at 12:19, was a more common oscillation at European level of 0.2 Hz but of a three -time amplitude. To stabilize the system, Electric Red reduced energy exports and increased the network’s misery, actions that, ironically, raised more the general tension of the system. A domino effect in 12 seconds. From 12:32, with the already tension network, the trigger occurred: a sequence of disconnections of large blocks of renewable generation. The report identifies three key events that started the catastrophe. At 12:32:57 355 MW were disconnected In a substation of Granada. At 12:33:16, approximately 730 MW was lost in a collecting substation in Badajoz. At 12:33:17 another 550 MW fell into a substation in Seville. Each of these disconnections caused the system tension to rise a little more. The more the tension rose, the more generators they disconnected to protect themselves, which in turn raised the tension, causing new disconnections. In just 12 seconds, the massive generation loss caused a frequency drop, which was a consequence, not the cause. At 12:33:19, The Iberian system lost synchronism with Europe And it was completely disconnected. Why the system fell. The underlying problem was a “insufficiency of dynamic control capabilities of tensions”, inability to manage surge, according to the committee. The report indicates that some of the first disconnections in Granada, Badajoz and Seville “would have occurred before the voltage thresholds established by the regulations”, one of the critical points of the collapse. Another critical point was that the large thermal plants that should act as a brake of the voltage increases did not do it with the necessary force because the number of synchronous plants coupled for this function was the lowest of the year. To top it off, some of the centrals that were operating “did not respond properly.” Instead of absorbing reactive energy to lower the network pressure, they acted anomalously, even producing it, “the opposite of what is required, contributing to increase the problem.” In the words of Ministry for Ecological Transitioncontrol resources were missing, “but not because they were missing in the country; there was a generation park rather than enough to respond.” Again, the committee points to the network operator. The measures on the table. To prevent an event from these dimensions, the report proposes to strengthen supervision to guarantee compliance with the regulations, regulate the legal regime of evacuation infrastructure, implement in an “immediate and priority” way a new service that allows renewables to participate in voltage control, invest in new synchronous compensators and increase interconnection with France. On the other hand, a cybersecurity investigation that, according to the Government, was “the largest in the history of Spain” with more than 75 experts, concluded that there was no cyber attack. However, deficiencies were identified, so the Committee recommends streamlining the application of European regulations, strengthening access controls and segmenting networks. On the Electric Red Roof. After the tough coup of the government, it only remains that Red Eléctrica published on Wednesday its report as a system operator to have the other point of view. For now, the Committee will put its findings in the knowledge of the National Markets and Competition Commission to, in its case, open the corresponding administrative procedures, with all guarantees, and all its consequences. ” Technical research is over, now begins the search for responsibilities. Image | Victor Romero (CC BY-C-SA 2.0) In Xataka | A town of Granada of one thousand inhabitants with 700 MW of renewable energy: the place where the blackout began

We have genetically edited a spider to produce a fluorescent red cloth. And the implications are promising

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Mutant spiders. It could be the premise of a film that mixes science fiction and terror, or someone’s nightmare with Arachnophobia. However, the first mutant spiders created by the human being respond to something much more innocent. But maybe even more interesting. Mutant spiders. A group of researchers He has genetically edited A group of spiders. The most curious of the results obtained by this team is probably a group of spiders that, after the edition, are capable of weaving a red spider web fluorescent spider. It is about First experiment of genetic edition in spiders of which we have knowledge. For this, the team resorted to specimens of the American domestic spider (PARASTIDA TEPIDARIORUM), A species that, like many others, uses its spider web not only for hunting but also to protect its eggs. A fascinating material. Spider silk is one of the most interesting materials in the animal world. Spiders are capable of segregating different types of fabric and among them, structural silks are among the most remarkable for their very tangled resistance that binds to its elasticity, lightness and the fact that it is a biodegradable material, explains the team responsible for the study. CRISPR-CAS9. In its experiment, the team turned to the “scissors” of genetic edition CRISPR-CAS9. They began the process focusing on a gene linked to the development of the eyes with the aim of obtaining a first easy result to identify. The team injected his tool of genetic edition in a female in order to eliminate the gene chosen in their reproductive cells and thus be able to detect changes in their litter. The Resutlanted: Spiders who did not develop their eyes. From the eyes to the silk. The first success led to repeat the test, but this time focusing on the genes responsible for coding some of the proteins present in the structural silk of the spiders. In doing so, spiders wove spider silk filaments of fluorescent red spider. The details of the experiment were published In an article In the magazine ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE. A first step. To be able to edit the genes responsible for the production of a material as interesting as the structural filaments of spider fabrics opens new doors when it comes to knowing this material and its biochemical origins. Of course, we can also pave the way for being able to synthesize it efficiently or even in the development of materials with similar properties. “We have demonstrated, for the first time in the world, that (the tool) CRISPR-CAS9 can be used” to incorporate a desired sequence in spider silk proteins, thus allowing the functionalization of these silk fibers, ” stood out in a press release Thomas Scheibel, co -author of the study. “The ability to apply CRISPR genetic edition to spider silk is very promising for material science; for example, it can be used to increase the already high spider silk breakage.” In Xataka | ‘The Last of Us’ is already happening in the animal world and the last species in suffering are the “spiders of the caverns” Image | Patrick Edwin Moran / University of Bayreuth

The war in Ukraine had a red line of 70 kilometers. West has just eliminated it after Russia’s last attack

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The last 48 hours in Ukraine have been plagued by actions and decisions that can change the course of the conflict. Russia has carried out The biggest attack to date on Ukraine with a swarm of drones and a number of missiles released as not remembered. kyiv, meanwhile, needs the help that does not arrive (Patriots) from the United States to deal with Moscow’s disposses, and in the meantime, the West has taken A decision that could change everything. The resurgence of TU-95. In the early hours of March 26, Russia executed the Most significant aerial offensive of the last months, by deploying ten strategic bombers TU-95msm To launch a wave of KH-101 cruise missiles About Ukraine. Six of these aircraft took off from the Olenya Air Base, to the north of the country next to the border with Finland, and the remaining four from Engels, east of Sarátov, in the heart of the European Russia. The trajectories of the missile substantial increase of Russian troops in the northeast of the front. The operation underlines the renewed Centrality of TU-95 In the Kremlin air strategy, despite being a design that sinks its roots in the Soviet era. We talk about a bomber that He was born In 1950. Intercontinental scope. But as important as this vestige of the past are the weapons it carries. Each Tu-95msm can load up to eight KH-101 missilesmounted externally and capable of traveling more than 5,000 kilometers, which allows them to attack objectives throughout the Ukrainian territory without abandoning Russian airspace. Empharged with pools, electronic countermeasures and 400 kilos, these missiles have become one of the pillars of the Russian offensive since the beginning of the war. Although its high cost and the existence of cheaper and smaller alternatives have generated debates about its efficiency, Russia plans to increase its production 600 units per year In 2025, a sign of its commitment to maintain strategic pressure through high precision attacks from long distances. Tu-95 Acorralado Ukraine. On the other sidewalk, Ukraine faces a new and alarming phase in its aerial defense in the face of the increase in Russian attacks With ballistic missilesthe most feared for their speed, destructive power and difficulty of interception. These projectiles, responsible for having destroyed almost half of the country’s energy capacity, have evidenced again the Patriot systems shortageunique capable of dealing effectively. Ukraine failed to intercept any of the nine Russian ballistic missiles launched, including two directed against kyiv, despite having deployed there Patriot units. Although the rest of the more than 900 drones and 65 cruise missiles were mostly neutralized, ballistic missiles represent an uncontrollable threat that has caused dozens of dead only so far from 2025, including lethal attacks against Sumy and Kryvyi Rih. Washington: Yes but no. The change of administration in the United States has meant a drastic turn in military assistance policy. While Trump has verbally condemned the last Russian attacks (he reached Call Putin “Crazy”), he did not offer new aid commitments, and his Secretary of State, Marco Rubio, was sharp by stating that “we don’t have” more patriots to send. Instead of direct donations, Washington is pressing its European allies To give Part of its own arsenals, something that does not progress, because no country wants to weaken its internal defense. Raytheon, American manufacturer of the Patriots, has not yet achieved increase your production to meet the post-2022 demand. Under this new paradigm, kyiv believes that the White House would be arranged to sell systemsbut not give them awaywhich forces Ukraine to adapt its strategy to a more transactional relationship: the defense is now negotiated, it is not granted. West breaks its limits. A few hours ago, and in a significant turn in Western military policy towards war in Ukraine, Germany, together with the United Kingdom, France and the United States, has first eliminated the first time the scope restrictions in the weapons that supplies Kyiv, allowing him to directly attack military objectives within the Russian territory (beyond the 70 km). The announcement was made by German Chancellor Friedrich Merz after The biggest attack With Russian drones that we commented, an offensive that stressed the need to allow Kyiv to respond forcefully. The news marks a Posture change Regarding previous fear To provoke an escalation with a nuclear power such as Russia, and according to Merz, it establishes an essential difference between the legitimate military purposes of Ukraine and the deliberate attacks against civilians by the Kremlin. With this, they open new strategic possibilities For Ukraine, which until now had acted with containment regarding the use of western armament beyond its borders. The open doors. Although Merz He did not confirm If Germany will send Taurus missiles long range, that during your political campaign He openly supportedavoided detailing any concrete step so as not to offer informative advantage to the Kremlin. Since his arrival to power just a few weeks ago, the new chancellor has adopted an approach more discreet and pragmaticstating that total transparency can play against national security. Despite this public reserve, in Berlin the expectation that Merz could soon announce the Armament delivery For greater scope, especially in the context of the imminent visit of the Ukrainian President Zelenski to the German capital. The moment suggests that Germany is preparing the land to take that step, but wants to coordinate it carefully with its allies. The red line evolves. No doubt, the elimination of scope restrictions represents a rupture with narrative maintained by Western leaders since the beginning of the conflict, when they warned that allowing Ukraine to attack within Russia could be interpreted by Moscow as a direct involvement of NATO In war. However, the wear and tear of the diplomatic front, the repeated negative of Kremlin to participate in significant conversations and the growing brutality of Russian attacks have weakened those old red lines. For Merz and his allies, deterrence is no longer to limit the Ukrainian response, but to give Kyiv the ability to dissuade … Read more

The government has a red button against Airbnb and has activated it in 65,000 floors

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At the doors of summer, with the influx of international travelers in record levels and housing and Tourist massification converted into almost daily debate issues (yesterday motivated A protest In the Canary Islands), the government wanted to launch a resounding notice to the holiday rental platforms. The Ministry of Social Rights and Consumption has just claimed Airbnb to block Around 66,000 ads “illegal” tourist apartments spread throughout Spain. The message is clear: the State has the tools to regulate the offer in the holiday rental market. And has decided to use them. What happened? That the Ministry of Consumer He just remind you to Airbnb that must block almost 66,000 ads of tourist floors offered on its website. To be more prices 65,935 publications that, in the opinion of the technicians of the department of Pablo Bustinduy, can be considered “illegal.” It is not the first time that the Government is aimed at the rental platform to claim that you eliminate those publications, but now it does so with a draft argument in its favor: a favorable sentence of the Superior Court of Justice. Why’s that? As Remember from consumptionover the last months its technicians have sent three resolutions to Airbnb in which they order the platform that eliminates 66,000 ads of floors. Those responsible however share the consumption criteria and have resorted to the order before justice. Now the Superior Court of Justice of Madrid has ruled. And he does so giving him consumption in a resolution that affects a first batch of 5,800 ads of houses distributed by Andalusia, Madrid, Catalonia, Valencian Community, Basque Country and the Balearic Islands. Enough for the government to have launched a statement emphasizing the need for Airbnb to block all the ads that it considers “illegal”, the 65,935, something that has already demanded from the offices of Ireland. Why do you want to block them? Because in the opinion of the Government these publications do not respect the rules that holiday accommodations must comply with if they want to announce. “Specifically, the regulations of the different autonomous communities are violated where consumption has detected these ads. In all cases it is complete housing for tourist use, advertisements of individual rooms appear,” specify From the ministry. To be more precise, consumption considers that they fail three key guidelines. The main one is not to include the license or registration number, an obligation collected in several autonomous regulations and that supposes “the most common infraction” detected by the Ministry. The second is that the ads do not require whether the house is renting a company or particular. Finally, officials have also detected that (at least in some ads) a license is included that does not correspond to that issued by the authorities, the third infraction. What does Airbnb say? Which is willing to battle. In statements collected by The reasonthe platform says that “it will continue to resort all the decisions that affect this case” and accuses consumption of having used an “indiscriminate methodology”, including both “ads that show licenses” and “others that might not need it, as seasonal leases.” “He has also deliberately ignored resolutions of the supreme that make it clear that not all Airbnb ads require registration number.” Is it the first touch of attention? No. The Government (as well as other administrations regional) It has been aware of tourist floors, among other reasons for Tensions which generates in the residential market. One of its most ambitious initiatives is A unique registry of holiday rentals that seek to centralize the management, that all the registered floors have a license and that platforms such as Booking or the Airbnb Velan itself because the homes announced comply with the guidelines set by the Law for Rent. The notice launched by consumption is important for another reason, beyond the possibility of withdrawing almost 66,000 homes from the tourist rental market. It is a new touch of attention that is added to the sanctioning file open to late 2024 to a tourist floors rental platform for breaching advertising or activated regulations Last February. Why is it important? For the debate generated over last years around tourist rental and its impact on the price of housing and for the legal situation in which there are many apartments that are leaving for travelers. Just two months ago The country It echoed of a calculation of consumption that reveals that only 7% of the tourist housing ads offered in Madrid have a license. The Executive crossed the advertising of 16,335 tourist apartments in the city with the information of 1,131 permits in force granted by the City Council. Its conclusion: there are 15,204 homes outside the law. Image | Erwan Hesry (UNSPLASH) In Xataka | “My savings were there”: Spanish cities are already beginning to regulate their tourist floors

We thought they were the red color in a galaxy he indicated that he was dead. There are those who believe we are wrong

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A simple and useful way of knowing if a galaxy is old or if on the contrary it is full of new star formations is in its color. The rule is simple: the most reddish galaxies are usually older; The most bluish, young. Young and red. Now a researcher at the University of Missouri has raised a third waythe possible existence of reddish but still alive colored galaxies, that is, in the process of forming new stars. Among other implications, this could mean that our universe forms even more stars than we thought. Red or blue. Galaxies are usually categorized according to the color of their stars. Blue stars usually shine with more force for less time, so when the blue tones predominate we know that new stars are still forming. The stars with warmer tones resist more so when a galaxy dies, that is, when it stops creating new stars, these more reddish stars are what remains. However, there is something that escapes us in this hypothesis. According to Charles Steinhardt, author of the new study, this model raises certain inconsistencies, for example in the ratios between stellar masses and masses of black holes, and enters the initial mass functions of red and blue galaxies. What if they are not dead? In An article Posted in the magazine The Astrophysical JournalSteinhardt raises the existence of a different category, red and young galaxies. The key would be in the fact that in these galaxies, the stars formed would be of less dough and that therefore, also the youngest would shine with reddish tones. “The red -star formants mainly produce little dough stars, which would make them look red despite the permanent births of stars,” Explain in a press release Steinhardt. Birth and fusion. One of the keys to this hypothesis is in the post-stallid galaxies (Post-Starburst). The galaxies can go from being young stars producing to lifeless galaxies in two ways. The first, through a slow and natural evolution; the second, after a burst of stars (Starburst). When two galaxies collide, the subject of both meets, accelerating the accumulation process that gives rise to new stars. This makes the galaxy go through a stage of rapid stars formation, a stage that leaves the galaxy without fuel. In his hypothesis, Steinhardt raises the possibility, that some of these galaxies have been forming red and small stars from the beginning, and not being the result of a burst. This possibility would imply, Explainhave to reclassify some of the galaxies we know. More stars. The new hypothesis postulates that red galaxies continue to create new stars which in turn implies that our universe produces even more stars than those we believed. “The existence of these galaxies can mean that the universe has formed a significantly greater number of stars than before,” Steinhardt defends. The galaxies are complex formations and we may still notice important details about them. Details such as the details of their life cycles, adds the researcher. In Xataka | The James Webb has found a galaxy when the universe was 330 million years old. Hide an entire enigma Image | Este/Hubble & Nasa, J. Kalirai, A. Milone

Is it more “healthy” white wine or red?

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We have read innumerable articles on wine benefits and risks. Like the rest of alcoholic beverages, the consumption of wine, especially excessive consumption (but not only), has been linked to diverse health problems, from liver problems to cancer. On the other hand, wine also contains beneficial compounds for our health, although these benefits do not necessarily compensate for risks. Analyzing the risk. Of course not all alcoholic beverages have the same impact on our health, and even not all wines have to affect us the same. Now a group of researchers He has studied If red wine is healthier than white, focusing on the impact of these drinks on our risk of cancer. The answer obtained is not. Not only did they find differences between the effects of one or another type of wines on the general risk of cancer, they did not find any effect of the consumption of one and the other came on this risk. They did find differences when studying the impact of white wine on skin cancer. Alcohol and cancer. Alcohol is considered a hallucinogen of group 1, that is, a substance linked to the development of human cancer. The reason is in the fact that our body, when metabolizing ethanol, transforms it into potentially harmful compounds for proteins and DNA, which increases the risk of cancer. Despite this, there is some notion that red wine is healthier, at least compared to white wine. 42 studies. The team conducted a meta -analysis, a quantitative study that explores the results of previous studies to weigh possible discrepancies between them. He did it by taking 42 observational studies, among which they added a total of 96,000 participants. This analysis of scientific literature did not detect significant impacts on the risk of cancer associated with wine consumption, regardless of its color. The details of the analysis were Published in an article In the magazine Nutrients. The case of skin cancer. Yes they detected a difference that was manifested in the long term in the case of skin cancer: the consumption of white wine was related to a 22% increase in the risk of suffering from this type of cancer with respect to the consumption of red wine. “The results of our meta -analysis did not reveal any significant difference between red wine and white wine in general,” explained in a press release Eunyoung Cho, who collided the study. “However, we observe a distinction in regards to the risk of skin cancer. Specifically, the consumption of white wine, but not that of red, was associated with an increase in the risk of skin cancer. ” The team admitted not to know what this difference could cause. The generic consumption of wine could be linked to the possibility that those who consume wine are more likely to activities that are linked to skin cancer such as sunbathing. The problem is that this would not explain the difference between the type of preferred wine. Is it then good wine? It is necessary to have caution when interpreting the results in this regard since meta -analysis only analyzes global results of previous studies. In some contexts, such as the American, wine is a drink linked to Socio -economic situations more favorable. In this type of contexts, wine consumption can also be correlated with greater care in other aspects: healthier food, physical exercise … etc. This could do That the carcinogenic effect of alcohol contained in the wine is compensated, so that, globally, its impact cannot be appreciated through the statistical tools used. In Xataka | The study of two wines from 1,500 years ago illustrates something interesting: choosing one in front of another was already a matter of posture Image | Zachariah Hagy

We were wrong about why Mars is red

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The reddish color of Mars is perceived with the naked eye. Perhaps by association of red with the blood, the Babylonians will link him with Nergal, his god of war, something that the Greeks and Romans also did by calling him Ares and Mars. As for why it is a red planet, we have news. Mars is oxidized. For a long time it has been known that the characteristic reddish tone of Mars is due to the presence of iron oxides in the dust on its surface. A New international study that combines data from the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA with laboratory experiments suggests that these iron oxides were formed in the presence of water long before what was believed. A surprisingly wet story. Until recently, it was thought that the predominant iron oxide in Mars was hematite, a mineral that can be formed with little or no presence of liquid water on the surface, provided there is an oxidizing agent in the atmosphere. However, the New observations and laboratory analysis They show clear indications of water in the spectral firm of the Martian dust. This finding indicates that ferrihydrite, an iron oxide with water molecules integrated in its structure, is responsible for the unmistakable red color of the planet, showing that Mars has a more humid story of the established. What is ferrihydrite and why it matters. Ferrihydrite is a badly crystallized and iron ore that is rapidly formed in the presence of fresh water and with moderate oxidation levels. Its structure retains water molecules or other hydroxyl groups inside, so that it leaves a water footprint even under drier subsequent conditions. This feature contrasts with the hematite, which is anhydra and much more stable when there is no liquid water around. Therefore, Ferrihydrite’s discovery implies that in the past of Mars there were episodes with relatively abundant liquid water. The methodology. To get to this conclusion, the researchers combined measurements of several probes and rovers of the ESA (Mars Express and Trace Gas Orbiter) and NASA (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Curiosity, Opportunity and Pathfinder) with laboratory experiments. These experiments consisted of creating simulated Martian dust mixing ferrihydrite with ground basalt in particles a hundred times finer than a human hair. Then, they measured the optical properties of these samples in the same way that the instruments on Mars do, confirming that the ferriidrite explained better the spectral firms of the red planet. A red planet with secrets to reveal. On Earth, ferrihydrite is usually transformed over time into more crystalline phases (such as Goetita or Hematite) if the temperature and water availability conditions allow it. Mars is extremely cold, dry and exposed to a very little dense atmosphere. These conditions hinder the transformation and favor that the ferrihydrite is kept as is, retaining its “water seal” despite the billions of years after it was formed. The image of Mars as an arid and reddish planet has not changed with this study, but our understanding of its past yes. The confirmation of an oxidation phase in the presence of water indicates that the planet had more humid periods and with the possibility of hosting living organisms. Image | ESA/DLR/FU BERLIN/G. Michael, A. Valantines In Xataka | Bombard the poles with nuclear weapons or build a giant magnet: the most reposted ideas to terraft Mars

How US ships repelled the red sea drones without shooting a single shot

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In recent months, several news in those points of the planet where there are tensions or directly some kind of armed conflict, they gave us the first clues. The war that was fought until very recently has given way to a very different one where the human loses importance in the first line of the contest. That’s why United Kingdom has sent the P8 Poseidon to protect your submarine cables, or In Ukraine an optical fiber is worth more than some ammunition. Now, a document has revealed to what extent the war is different. Non -kinetic weapons. I told Business Insider a few hours ago through secret documents that have obtained from the intelligence of the United States. Apparently, during the American mission to counteract the attacks of the Hutis rebels in the Red Sea, The destroyers of the United States Navy such as the USS Mason and the USS Serly, managed to repel all drone attacks without firing Missiles or conventional ammunition. We talk about A period that covers between November 2023 and March 2024space in which these ships used non -kinetic capabilities, technology that includes advanced electronic warfare systems to deactivate enemy drones through electromagnetic interference and cyber attacks, instead of traditional defense methods. The electronic war revolution. The documents obtained by the medium reveal that these ships used advanced technologies such as the AN/SLQ-32 (“slick-32”) and the so -called Ship’s Signal Exploitation Equipment (SSEE)both designed to detect, interfere and neutralize the signs of enemy drones and missiles. These systems allow interrupt communications and guidance mechanisms of drones, leaving them inoperative without the need to physically destroy them. This technique, although it is part of the naval doctrine for years, had never been used with the intensity that is currently made against drone swarms in a real conflict. In fact, something similar in Ukraine is happening, The “mother of all battles between drones”. Strategic benefits in non -kinetic weapons. The use of electronic war for naval defense represents a crucial advance, in this specific case for the United States Navy, in front of attacks such as those perpetrated by the hutis, who They have launched about 500 drones against ships in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Adén since October 2023. Here The key advantages of these systems are several. From the savings of ammunition, since, instead of spending expensive missiles in each enemy drone, non -kinetic weapons offer a cheaper and more efficient alternative, until sustainability in combat, since by avoiding the exhaustion of the arsenal, ships can stay in the theater of operations without the need for frequent refueling. Plus: greater tactical adaptabilitysince the electronic war allows to counteract threats in real time, without revealing the location of the ship with shots or generating traces of heat. A change in the naval strategy. If you want also, the success of these systems in the Red Sea conflict marks a turning point in the Maritime War doctrine. In this regard, experts such as Bryan Clark, ex -official of the Navy and defense analyst at the Hudson Institute, highlight that this is The first time that the United States faces a massive use of aerial drones in anti -ribous attackswhich has forced the Navy to develop more sophisticated tactics. The experience obtained in these clashes not only strengthens the defensive capacity of US ships, but also provides key lessons for future conflicts, in which electronic war and non -kinetic weapons could play a predominant role. Exactly the same that happens in Ukraine where The battle has moved to another completely different level to other conflicts. A fact before finishing to understand the importance of this new paradigm shift: last year and in just two days, 1,600 aircraft in Europe had problems with GPS. He guilty: Electronic War. Image | US Navy In Xataka | United Kingdom will display the “Frankenstein” of the electronic war to protect its submarine cables: the P8 Poseidon In Xataka | The war in Ukraine has become totally deranged: there are drones throwing drones to attack other drones

the best looks on the red carpet

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This Saturday, January 25, the Pazo de la Cultura in Pontevedra (Galicia) is the scene of what is known as the prelude to the Goyas, the Feroz Awards 2025. Awards that highlight the best of national cinema and series, according to the Association of Cinematographic Informants of Spain (AICE), and in which the glamor and elegance of your distinguished guests. Among nominated actresses, artists, presenters and influencers, They delight us with the latest trends as they walk the red carpet. 128 © GTRES Gabriela Andrada The daughter of Minerva Piquero, who is now successful on her own thanks to her roles in your fault and ask me what you wantstood out with her strapless blue velvet dress by Gorof. Is it, perhaps, a tribute to David Lynch? She completed her look with jewelry from Carrera y Carrera and her makeup was signed by Dior Beauty. 328 © Getty Images © GTRES El Hammani Mine The actress wore a very elegant black dress with a deep neckline that she completed with Chaumet jewelry. Specifically, he has worn the necklace Torsade in white gold, set with diamonds; and the earrings Torsade in white gold, set with brilliant cut diamonds. 428 © GTRES Maria Castro The native of Vigo knows that less is always more, especially if we talk about the eternal elegance of the color black, and has chosen a fluid dress with a Greco-Latin silhouette, with pleated fabric and a back neckline decorated with a delicate braid. 528 © GTRES © GTRES Mirela Balic The actress of Elite has surprised on the red carpet by choosing a look that, as she herself has explained, It is inspired by Madonna. It is a design signed by Gautier, with a corseted body and two striking matching roses on the chest. A flattering midi dress that has been combined with a stunning necklace. 628 © Getty Images Miguel Bernardeau The actor, who rose to fame for his role as Eliteis nominated in the best supporting actor category for the series Want and has chosen a total look black composed of a jacket with a geometric collar, adorned by a gold brooch, and wide pants that covered a good part of his shoes. 728 © GTRES © GTRES Loreto Mauleon The actress has opted for a two-piece with a minimalist line, with a beautiful square neckline at the back and a mermaid-cut skirt, which especially flattered her silhouette. It is a Sybilla design made of silk crepe and acetate. 828 © GTRES Macarena Gomez Black, velvet, with a drape on the right side and a row of gold buttons decorating it, thus the flattering design that the actress has worn. He completed it with Jimmy Choo sandals. For her makeup, she has trusted Iván Gómez who, with Max Factor, has created a fresh and luminous look that enhances her natural beauty. 928 © GTRES © GTRES Iria del Río The performer opted for an elegant flowing dress, with an asymmetrical cut and a pronounced neckline that left a good part of her back visible. 1028 © GTRES Valeria Castro The singer-songwriter, who was nominated for the 2023 Latin Grammys, attended the Feroz gala dressed in a romantic white and semi-transparent design, the upper part of which is adorned with crystals and bright beaded fringes from the Spring/Summer collection 2025 by Elisabetta Franchi. As usual, she wore her hair loose and straight, courtesy of GHD. 1128 © Getty Images Maria Leon The Sevillian actress has opted for a leather ensemble consisting of a jacket with gold buttons and a matching miniskirt. She completed the look with stockings, an accessory that increasingly finds its way onto red carpets, and high-heeled shoes. 1228 © GTRES Ares Aixala The influencer She distinguished herself from the rest of the attendees by opting for a short look, by Teresa Helbig. A trapeze mini dress with a checkerboard pattern and its matching jacket inspired by the sixties style of the Swinging Londonwhich he complemented with mules from Hispanitas. 1328 © GTRES Bonbon Reich This content creator has opted for Victoria Colection, Vicky Martín Berrocal’s label, for her guest look at the Feroz 2025 Awards. It is a dress made of burgundy silk knit with long sleeves and a deep neckline that reveals a bandeau incorporated, which is bathed in matching sequins. She completed it with Martinelli X Redondo Brand stilettos. 1428 © GTRES Minerva Portillo The Valencian model dared to wear a pristine white lace and translucent chiffon slip dress by Yolancris, which features contrasting intertwined laces on the neckline. Their shoes are signed by Hispanitas. 1528 © GTRES Natalia Azahara The actress of through my window She has chosen a sensual white design, one of the tones that we have seen the least throughout the night, which leaves her toned abdomen visible. She completed the look with jewelery Chaumet and Jimmy Choo shoes. 1628 © GTRES Teresa of Mera The 21-year-old actress found her dream dress for the gala at Zara. A trendy model with the hip cut that is so popular this season: straight neckline in black elastic fabric with its white poplin midi skirt. As for accessories, she has chosen a cascading pearl necklace and pumps slingback blacks. 1728 © Getty Images Carla Vico The influencer has led a spaghetti strap slip dressby Alicia Rueda, and matching pointe shoes, by Hispanitas, paired with earrings and rings by Del Páramo vintage jewelry. 1828 © GTRES Rocio Camacho The influencer She has caught everyone’s attention with an exclusive dress, designed especially for her by Victoria Colection, Vicky Martín Berrocal’s brand that is sweeping among those who know the most about fashion. It consists of a black top, with a ‘V’ neckline and strapless, and a straight blue sequin skirt. 1928 © GTRES Andrea Bayardo The actress, who plays Celeste in the new series starring Carmen Machi, has chosen a dress with a V-neckline and tight waist by Roberto Verino. A design that she completed with a gold clutch and maxi … Read more

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