produces

There is a region in Latin America that has more oil than all Saudi Arabia. And yet it produces 12 times less

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To the east of Venezuela, the Orinoco oil strip wants to return to its golden age, but faces political, economic and technical challenges. Venezuela has the largest proven oil reserve in the world: 300,878 million barrels. To put it in perspective, Saudi Arabia has in its territory a reserve of 267,000 million barrels. A Treasury. The Venezuelan crude is concentrated in the Orinoco oil strip, a region of 55,314 square kilometers east of the country that extends over the Orinoco River basin. The Orinoco oil girdle It is rich in heavy and extrapeted oil, a type of dense and viscous crude that requires more expensive and challenging refining processes to transform into usable products, such as gasoline and diesel. The twenty -first country in oil production. The Orinoco oil strip has been known since January 1936, when the American company Standard Oil of New Jersey did the first well: “La Canoa-1”, in the state of Anzoátegui. But gigantic. Despite its age, the Orinoco oil strip remains the largest crude oil reserve. And yet, he has been unable to lift his head for years due to the political and technical and economic sanctions that surround it. In its oil peak, Venezuela produced three million barrels per day. Today is the Twenty -first country in the world In oil production with 770,000 barrels a day, from behind even neighboring Colombia. The United States, Saudi Russia and Arabia lead the ranking with 8-12 million barrels per day. A challenge and an opportunity. The sanctions on Venezuelan oil, led by the United States government, rose for six months in October 2023, which allowed a shy return of foreign companies to the Orinoco oil strip. The moratorium evidenced that the Venezuelan oil sector has problems beyond the political; structural problems. After years of negligence, corruption and economic crisis, Venezuelan oil needs foreign investment to modernize the expensive infrastructure with which it extracts and processes heavy crude. Although the sanctions were activated last year as a pressure measure of the Biden administration against the government of Nicolás Maduro, now foreign companies have the opportunity to obtain individual licenses to mitigate their effect, which shows some sprout of hope for a country in which oil remains an economic engine. The Petroleum Momentum of Latin America. The modernization of infrastructure, the attraction of foreign investment and the stabilization of the economy are crucial steps, but we do not know if enough to recover all the economic potential of the Orinoco oil strip. The context seems flattering. Latin American countries are involved in A “gold fever” of oil in which the most extreme case is that of the also Guyana neighbor, which has seen a growth of 33% of GDP thanks to the reserves discovered in its coasts in 2015. Meanwhile, Brazil has climbed to the 8th place in the world production of oil and Mexico is in the 11th place. What if falling? The question that floats in the air is the same for all these countries, what will happen to their investments when the expected drop in oil demand By effect of energy transition? For now, much of the world moves as if we were going to continue burning oil for many years. Maybe that is the answer. Images | EFOFAC, Wilfredor In Xataka | The Falkland Islands rest over 500 million barrels of oil. Now the United Kingdom wants to authorize its extraction *An earlier version of this article was published in July 2024

The director of ‘Independence Day’ and ‘Tomorrow’ produces this apocalyptic epic that has just come to streaming

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If you are interested in catastrophes cinema, you have undoubtedly heard of Roland Emmerich: ‘Tomorrow’ or ‘2012’ until the most recent and hilarious ‘Moonfall’, his Cite has always been synonymous with the joggy and shameless show, as he demonstrated since his beginnings in classics such as ‘Independence Day’, ‘Universal Soldier’ ​​or ‘Stargate’. Now it comes to us To Filmin A film in which Emmerich assumed the role of a producer, but that maintains his vibrant rhythm and his vision of science fiction as a warning about our future: ‘The Colony‘. The film is directed by Tim Fehlbaum, which was already seen in a similar situation with ‘Hell’, in which a group of survivors had to protect themselves from the solar rays that had ended life on earth. Fehlhaum has also been nominated this year to the Oscar for Best Screenplay for his film about the kidnapping of several Israeli athletes in the 1972 Munich Olympics. On this occasion, climatic disasters have left the land completely uninhabitable, and the population has had to abandon it. However, on other planets, settlers are not able to reproduce, and a woman returns to earth to discover the cause of that infertility. In our desolate planet you will encounter an explorer with which it concludes that it is time for the settlers to return to the earth. But the few remaining land do not agree that it is a good idea. Undoubtedly, the most suggestive (and scary) of the film is the vision of the planet, whose surface, After climate change, it has been flooded by immense masses of water. Survivors take refuge in stranded loaders, in an aesthetic that partly reminds the world described in ‘Waterworld’. Not without some visual pessimistic poetry, ‘The Colony’ raises a bleak future, but in which there is space for hope. In Xataka | ‘Mickey 17’ is the new dystopian science fiction film that leads the box office. The problem is not enough

Madrid only produces 4.8% of the energy it consumes, but has found a place to solve it: the subsoil

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In 1980, a group of geologists set out to investigate the depths of Madrid and I did not speak of the Movebut discover if under its soil there was oil. The black gold fever had reached the Castilian plateau. However, what seemed like a dream of energy self -sufficiency ended up opening the door to unexpected energy. Today, that story continues to be written, but with a turn that nobody anticipated. The search. One of the first and most serious drilling attempts was the one made by Shell in 1980 in the well known as “El Pradillo-1” where no hydrocarbons were found. At that time the Spanish capital dreamed of becoming an oil city attentive to the prevalence of fossil fuel above other alternatives at that time not yet sufficiently exploited. More than 3,500 meters deep, engineers did not find oil but very valuable data about the subsoil temperature, which gave rise to the exploration of geothermal energy. Thus, They found a geothermal aquifer with temperatures between 70ºC and 90ºC at depths that range between 1,500 and 2,150 meters. Over the years, More perforations were performed In nearby areas, such as three songs, San Sebastián de los Reyes and Geomadrid-1, where multicapa aquifers found with temperatures to produce geothermal energy. Although exploitation has not yet been developed on a large scale, investigations continue, and this renewable resource is expected to be used in the future as an alternative energy source in Madrid. Among the pros of this discovery, intrinsic characteristics of this type of clean energy that are based on the use of heat stored in groundwater stand out to generate electricity and for homes. But why isn’t it exploited? Despite the discovery of a significant geothermal potential in the Madrid subsoil, the exploitation of this energy source has not yet developed on a large scale Due to several factors Among those that include, in the first place, the high cost of initial investigations and perforations, the infrastructure necessary to take advantage of the heat of the subsoil efficiently, such as the construction of geothermal plants and water reinjection systems. Energy comes from other communities. Madrid only produces 4.8% of the energy it consumes. This fact only represents the urgency that the Autonomous Community should have to resolve the scarce of alternatives to meet its domestic demand. At present, the ranquin between the communities that more depends on the energy of other areas. If the Madrid region will diversify its energy mix through the use of geothermal energy, not only would it increase its self -sufficiency, but also contribute to a more balanced energy model between the different autonomous communities with economic redundancies throughout the country. In addition, it would lead to rethinking The installation of data centersamong other alternatives, and would reduce Energy generation concentration In certain areas of the country, the pressure on energy transport and distribution infrastructures, which would benefit the entire national energy system by reducing the carbon footprint. The forecasts. With the progress of drilling technologies and improvements in thermal use systems, such as geothermal heat pumps, Madrid could already be able to begin to take advantage of their geothermal resources more efficiently. This is what the Basque Country has done with Geothermal rings at the university. Another possible alternative is to take an example to Iceland, which has turned geothermal energy at the base of its energy model, representing 66% of the total primary energy consumption of the country. Image | Unspash and Unspash Xataka | Huelva has been the forgotten industrial pole of Spain for decades. We are realizing the consequences

Rural Spain produces more energy than consumes. And in Teruel it is already proposed to take the VAT of the electricity there

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In a recent report, the Ember Analysis Agency has demonstrated that the total electric production of Spain is 60.2%. However, the generation and distribution of energy are not equal throughout the country, and in the community of Aragon they know well. Proposition. The Aragón-teruel parliamentary group exists has registered A proposition of law in the autonomous chamber so that the collection of VAT obtained from the electricity companies is redistributed to compensate for the territories according to their energy production. The parliamentary spokesman for this training in a press conference, Tomás Guitarte, He explained that this initiative aims to compensate for those areas that produce more electricity than they consume. In his statements he has exposed the case of Aragon, which generates 9% of the country’s energy, but consumes only 4%. However, he added that with the current VAT to 21% and a forecast of 2,000 million euros, he would correspond about 180 million. Previously. The proposal has a historical basis, since it is inspired by the fee created in 1981, which compensated for the territories sacrificed in the production of electricity before being replaced by VAT in 1986. In addition, the law seeks to promote the well -being and development of The regions that generate energy, not only from the economic point of view, but also with a vision of territorial justice, where environmental and landscape impacts are compensated by the benefits generated by the energy transition. To Congress. The proposition of the law has been registered in the courts of Aragon and is protected in the Article 292 of the Regulation of the Courts of Aragon and in him Article 87 of the Constitution. This allows the proposal to be raised to the Congress of Deputies, where it would be processed if it exceeds the procedures in the Autonomous Courts. Once approved by the regional government and taken to Plenary, if accepted, it would go to Congress for processing. This proposal does not imply the creation of a new tax, but a redistribution of electric VAT income. The core of the problem. A couple of months ago, Aragon tried keep their surplusesbut the Constitutional Court stopped him. This situation reflects a broader imbalance which affects many producing communities, whose energy surplus is directed towards other regions of the country, generating tensions about the control and distribution of these resources. For that reason, there is a distancing between urban and rural areas In energy terms. While cities are provided with more energy and do not have the same installed infrastructure, rural areas have to live with large -scale facilities, thus generating an environmental impact and an imbalance in the territory. For example, Madrid only produces 4.8% of the energy that consumes and depends on territories such as Extremadura that produces an energy surplus of 423%. The next steps. The proposal is already in the Courts of Aragon and, after its approval by the regional government, it will be taken to the plenary. If approved, it will go to Congress for processing, which could take several months. Meanwhile, Aragon-teruel exists continues to struggle to ensure that energy producing communities receive fair compensation for the sacrifices they make. Image | Unspash and Unspash Xataka | In a town in Badajoz they have encountered a strength of 5,000 years ago. And a Roman with a suspicious burial

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