naval

Spain has just surprised Europe and the US with an unprecedented operation. It is not a simple rearmament, it is a historic naval coup

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For years, the European rearmament it was more conversation than facts and Spain always appeared in the list of the lagging countries. Now after constant pressure from the United States and the climate of insecurity In Europe, the country has taken an unexpected turn with an unprecedented naval investment that has surprised even its allies. A leap that has not been seen in decades. Spain has activated one of the largest renewal processes of its Navy since the end of the Cold War, an investment of 5.5 billion euros for a plan that combines the incorporation of 37 new warships and four submarines of new generation with the deep modernization of units already in service. This is not a routine replacement, but rather a complete reconfiguration of naval capabilities for a more demanding strategic environment, where sea control, deterrence and the protection of sea routes have returned to the center of the security agenda. The submarine axis and a program. The technological heart of the plan is formed by the four S-80 submarines, developed by Navantiadesigned to return to the Spanish fleet an advanced submarine capacity in stealth, autonomy and combat. With air-independent propulsion, state-of-the-art sensors and an architecture designed for surveillance, intelligence and anti-submarine warfare missions, these units represent a qualitative leap which places the Spanish Navy at an operational level comparable to that of the large European navies, with a delivery schedule that extends until 2030. Submarine S-8 Frigates, ships and balance. The renewal is not limited to the underwater field. The program includes five F-110 frigates multi-mission design, designed to operate in high intensity scenarios, together with the modernization of the F-100 frigates to extend its useful life for two more decades. Added to this are new action ships maritime with anti-submarine capabilities, which seeks to maintain a balance between new generation platforms and proven units, avoiding an operational vacuum during the transition. F-110 Frigate Logistics as a multiplier. A key part of the effort is focused on logistical and technological support. The construction of a new Supply Ship of Combat, the update of minehunters, the incorporation of hydrographic vessels and a specific platform electronic warfare They reflect a broader vision of naval power, where sustaining prolonged operations, gathering information, and dominating the electromagnetic spectrum is as important as direct combat. Geopolitics and deterrence. There is no doubt, this rearmament responds to an international context more unstablemarked due to open conflicts in Europe, tensions in the Mediterranean and the Sahel and greater competition between powers. For a country with a strategic position between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, strengthening the fleet is not only a matter of prestige, but deterrent credibility and real capacity to protect own and allied interests within the NATO framework. Industry, employment and autonomy. Beyond the military level, the program aims to have a direct impact about the naval industry Spanish. The aim is most likely to consolidate a technological fabric with high added value, in addition to generating qualified employment and reducing external dependencies in critical systems. If you also want, the development of the S-80 and of the new frigates It has also served as a catalyst for innovation in propulsion, sensors and combat systems, with effects that transcend the strictly defensive sphere. Spain on the board. The last reflection that comes out of the historic announcement is clear: with this investment sustained over time, Spain reinforces its role as a relevant actor in the European maritime securitya priori capable of contributing more decisively to international operations and the protection of the main lines of maritime communication. I already we had seen the last months in many other nations. In the case of Spain, it is not, or does not seem to be, a simple update of ships without further ado, but rather the confirmation that naval power is definitely once again a central pillar of defense policy in the 21st century. Image | Navy, A Guy Named NyalNavantia In Xataka | Spain may not have F-35, but it is about to make history by sea: it is called F110 and it is ready for any war In Xataka | The United Kingdom will be only the first client: Spain builds a colossus in Galicia to build warships like churros

an amphibious assault ship to revolutionize its naval capabilities

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On September 3, Beijing was transformed into a catwalk. Not focused on fashion, but on weapons. In one of the most impressive military parades in memory, the Asian giant celebrated the 80th anniversary of Japan’s defeat in the Second World War with an unprecedented deployment of weapons. Was some things that were savedand that’s where it comes into play his naval strategy. Because he famous Fujian It is not the only new generation ship from China. They have another known as the Type 076 which is already doing tests. And it represents an unprecedented technological leap in the Chinese naval industry. Type 076 Sichuan. If ‘Type 076’ is the class, ‘Sichuan’ is the name they have given to the country’s 51st hull. It is the first ship of this class that, on November 16, completed his first tests of sea after setting sail from the Shanghai shipyard. We have told it on several occasions: the Type 076 impresses with its scale. It is a ship that displaces about 40,000 tons, has a length of about 260 meters, a beam of between 45 and 52 meters and has a deck of about 13,500 square meters, just over two football fields. Those dimensions are considerably larger than those of its predecessor and comparable to the Charles de Gaullethe nuclear aircraft carrier that is the pride of France. Versatility. What stands out most is not its size so that it is not an aircraft carrier: what really stands out is that China has developed a ship that can carry out any type of mission. We are talking about an amphibious assault platform, which implies that it combines traditional landing capabilities with the possibility of performing tasks typical of a light aircraft carrier. That is why its deck is so large: it is designed to house helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft and, in addition, it has a deck prepared to house and deploy both landing craft and amphibious vehicles. Its human capacity is 1,000 marines. Electromagnetic catapult. For years, China depended on old Soviet heritage ships, but if Fujian marked a milestone Being the first aircraft carrier developed in-house, the Type 076 also marks a before and after by having the latest technology that the army has developed. To start, it has a electromagnetic catapult system like the one The United States has developed for your latest generation aircraft carrier and like the one Fujian has. It is a technology that will become the new standard for this type of boat, and the comparison with the Fujian is relevant because the catapult of the Type 076 It is the same length as its older brother: about 100-130 meters. This allows the Type 076 to launch conventional fixed-wing aircraft. Other amphibious assault ships can accommodate aircraft, but these must have systems V/STOL vertical or short takeoff. The new Chinese ship does not have this limitation. and electrification. But the catapult is not the only new thing: the propulsion system is fully electric. This is the first for the People’s Liberation Army Navy and the system combines two 21 MW gas turbines with six 6 MW diesel generators. Altogether, it provides about 78 MW of total power. The electrical system is responsible for powering the motors and propulsion, with a rapid delivery of energy, but it is also responsible for the high-power “pulses” such as those needed by the electromagnetic catapult. The use of this gas turbine system offers considerable advantages compared to traditional diesel, such as faster starting, the aforementioned power delivery, a reduction in vibrations, more flexibility and a lower underwater acoustic signature. Fujian deck Armament. Regardless of their transport capacity, assault ships have integrated defenses. It is not so much about carrying out attacks, but rather preventing it from being sunk, for which it has: Three surface-to-air missile launchers short range to intercept aircraft. Three Type 1130 systems with 11 30 mm cannons which provide defense against missiles and low-altitude aircraft. Four decoy launchers which consist of 24 tubes capable of deploying flares and other elements to confuse radars. Sensors similar to those installed in Fujian. These are, as we say, defensive elements, so the Sichuan will continue to depend on auxiliary ships for long-range attacks. But as we are seeing, and at an accelerated pace, it is not a problem for today’s China. Add and continue. During their three-day mission, operators tested the ship’s propulsion system, electrical systems and other key aspects that, according to reportsmet the expected standards. As we say, it is a milestone in Chinese naval modernization by merging traditional amphibious transport and aircraft carrier capabilities. It is like a category in itself and one more example that China is very serious about its maritime conquest. They are giving leaps and bounds in modernizing and expanding its fleetwith three aircraft carriers under its belt and a fourth that is estimated to have nuclear propulsion, as well as ships of other categories that fulfill two missions. On the one hand, that of national protection, but on the other, it is one more message in a territorial dispute scenario in it South and East China Sea that not only has Taiwan in its sights: also islands of Japan that China considers its property. And, of course, Japan is also responding accordingly in what has become an escalation of tension that the other giant of the seas does not want to miss: the United States. Image | 中国新闻社CHINESE MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE In Xataka | The plan of one hundred million dead: this is how Japan intended to resist in World War II

It is not that China seriously in the Pacific, is that the space has revealed the size of a vertiginous naval domain

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The satellite images From the rehearsals in Changjing, near Beijing, they are showing the magnitude of what China prepares for The military parade of September 3: an exhibition that coincides with the 80th anniversary of the end of the war against Japan and that is emerging as a demonstration of naval and strategic power directed against the United States and its allies. Because China goes very seriously If we expand the focus. A missile showcase to deter. They counted the Insider analysts that among the images include the presence of mobile systems, advanced drones and, above all, a complete line of Antibheque missiles that It covers from Furtive subsonic models to hypersonic projectiles of great maneuverability, conceived to deny the access of the US Navy to the Western Pacific. Among the systems: The YJ-18Csubsonic and stealthy missile, The YJ-15Ramjet propulsion and supersonic speed, and The YJ-21capable of launching from ships or aircraft with hypersonic capacity against whites in motion. An even more advanced projectile would be added to them, The YJ-19of hypersonic planning superior to Mach 10. This missile deployment, which covers all possible categories, far exceeds what is necessary to face the Taiwanese navy and directly points to US and allied forces in the region, reinforcing the Power perception capable of controlling nearby seas. Unmanned platforms. Next to the missiles, the parade will include unmanned war systems. In the preparation zone, combat drones have been observed as The GJ-11 and the GJ-2as well as vehicles designed to transport naval surface drones. One of the most striking elements is the appearance of a small submarine drone to the Russian Poseidonpossibly destined for long -range oceanic surveillance or even attack missions. Although it is not clear if it is nuclear or if it can carry eyebrows, its mere presence indicates that Beijing explores the strategic weapons path unconventional In the maritime domain. The image of the place of the parade, taken on August 25, shows the complete extension of the vehicles parked in the testing place ICBM, missiles and scope. The deployment is not limited to the naval stage. In another section of the enclosure, at least 16 vehicles are appreciated carrying what would be intercontinental ballistic missiles Dongfeng-41solid fuel and with a range of up to 15,000 kilometers, capable of carrying multiple nuclear heads. They could also present land attack cruise missiles such as The DF-100designed to achieve targets at great distance at supersonic speed. With these weapons, Beijing projects the image of a power with the ability to hit not only in Asia-Pacific, but against objectives in US territory, including Guam or even the west coast. The sea as an instrument of ascent. I remembered this week The BBC In an extensive report that, in just two decades, China has transformed its naval industry into the most powerful in the world, absorbing More than 60% of the global orders of ships and producing at a rhythm 200 times higher than that of the United States. This domain is reflected in its navy, which already has 234 ships compared to 219 of the American fleet, although the American advantage still lies in the tonnage, in the large aircraft carriers and in the technological superiority of its submarines. For Beijing, the sea is The basis of its development economic (with seven of the ten most active ports on the planet) and the springboard to project Geopolitical ambitions increasingly explicit in the South China Sea and beyond. A new Chinese naval base with six nuclear submarines Dual shipyards and fusion. The key to this growth lies in the fusion between shipyards civil and military. Dalian, Guangzhou, Jiangnan and Hudong-Zhonghua produced between 2019 and 2024 almost 550,000 tons of military ships, more than the British Navy Royal displaces. The “military-live” model driven by XI Jinping allows large commercial facilities to manufacture war or support their maintenance, which provides China from multiply assets In case of prolonged conflict. Thus, even without even having a fleet of aircraft carriers comparable to the American, Beijing has a strategic advantage in the speed of replacement and In versatility of his shipyards. Extended bases. The qualitative leap is reflected in the expansion of bases such as Yulin, in Hainan, where in recent years they have Added five docks To house Jin nuclear submarines capable of carrying twelve strategic missiles each. In fact, recent trials and social networks material show that the popular liberation army is incorporating submarine drones capable of deep surveillance, detection of cables and covert operations in international waters. Although much of these technologies remains experimental, the investment rate suggests a clear will of shortening distances With Washington in high sophistication areas. The historical memory. In addition, the Chinese naval project is loaded of political symbolism. Xi Jinping links its strengthening to the “humiliations” suffered between 1840 and 1949, when China suffered 470 invasions and lost its regional power position. In The military paradeswhich exhibit hypersonic missiles and antisatellite weapons, the idea of ​​a country that resurfaces after centuries of submission is transmitted. Thus, the slogan “we defend our ocean dream”, present In naval theme parks and in walls of port cities, seeks to instill national pride and legitimize the enormous military expense before the population. The Taiwan factor and tensions. With this “Naval” Map of Beijing, the biggest question is how the nation will use The growing power. Although he says he does not want to interfere in other countries, he holds the promise of “gathering” Taiwan, without ruling out The use of force. United States, forced by law to assemble Taipéi, perceives the risk of an open conflict dragging the region to a greater war. Chinese naval trials near Japan and the circumnavigation of Australia show that the Navy is no longer limited to its nearby waters. Meanwhile, the Pentagon Try to revitalize a naval industry weakened after decades of divestment, although recovering the initiative will be A titanic task. The decisive issue for the Pacific balance, therefore, seems clear: who can put … Read more

Now there is a naval base with six nuclear submarines

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In recent months, satellite images have revealed some of the latest military key in China. In October 2024 a new missile launch point was discovered in A strategic island. In November it was the appearance of a mysterious ship whose dimensions left few doubts of their reach, and a few weeks ago the largest military center of the planet. The latest: a base with six surprises. A hidden base. What happened has been possible through a Image update Satellite on Google Earth. Only then, Naval Analyst Alex Luck He found something That was not before: the presence of at least six nuclear submarines in the first submarine base in Qingdao, in the province of Shandong, China. The same, located at a strategic point with direct access to the yellow sea, the Eastern China Sea and the Japan Sea, has been a high military sensitivity installation for years, but now it can be observed with relative clarity from public services of digital cartography. In other words, the active existence of a secret base of nuclear submarines where, as explained by the analyst, several docked nuclear submarines are identified, a revelation that confirms not only the sustained expansion of the Chinese underwater fleet, but also its growing commitment to reinforce strategic deterrence through naval power. The submarines. The images from the space show at least six docked nuclear submarines, including two of Type 091 classtwo of class Type 093A and unidentified, in addition to a dry dike submarine that could be dismantled. Also, According to the analysta Type 092currently out of service and replaced by the most modern Type 094. Said form, we would be facing five nuclear propulsion submarines (although these with conventional weapons), and at least one with nuclear ballistic capacity (SSBN). Plus: The base, which as we said until now had remained under a relative veil of secrecy, points to a centerpiece in the growing maritime expansion of China. A Chinese submarine Type 094 Evolutionary deterrence. China currently has some 600 Nuclear Ojivasa modest figure compared to more than 5,000 from the United States, but enough to unleash a winter global nuclear in case of conflict. We have commented beforealthough Beijing maintains a policy of “Not first use” Of nuclear weapons, the country has begun to diversify its strategic arsenal, traditionally dependent on terrestrial and aerial platforms, through an expansion of its underwater force with nuclear capacity. A THREAT INITIATIVE NUCLEAR REPORT He stressed that the Navy of the Popular Liberation Army (Plan) operates both nuclear propulsion submarines and a robust diesel-electric submarines, the latter being the back spine of its underwater power. However, the recent focus seems to modernize and expand its naval nuclear component, with expectations that its total fleet reaches 65 units by 2025, According to estimates of the US government, and 80 by 2035. China goes very seriously. In the last fifteen years, China has built twelve submarines of nuclear propulsion: two Type 093 (Shang I class), four Type 093A (Shang II) and six Type 094 (Jin Class), the latter equipped with ballistic missiles launched from submarines (SLBM) as The JL-2 (CSS-N-14) and the most advanced JL-3 (CSS-N-20), thus representing the first marine nuclear dissuasion truly credible of the country. Each submarine Jin class can transport up to 12 missiles, and They were shown Publicly during the parade for the 70th anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic of Popular in 2019. In parallel, the imminent construction of the new Type 096 is expected, which will operate together with the Type 094 during the 2030s, as part of that Objective marked by Xi Jinping of significantly strengthening this strategic branch. The underwater race. No doubt, the discovery of this active and visible base from satellite is One more sample How the limits of strategic surveillance They have diluted in the era of digital cartography. However, and beyond the technological anecdote, the finding illustrates the growing role that marine deterrence will play in the Chinese nuclear strategy. With a fleet every time more advanced And a leadership determined to project power in the Western Pacific, the submarine program of the plan represents a critical dimension in the new geopolitical balance. The challenge does not reside solely in the number of submarines, but in its technology, capacity for stealth, autonomy and strategic armament. As China continues to develop Its presence under the waters, Qingdao’s revelation serves as a reminder that the next great struggle for nuclear supremacy may not be seen from the surface, but observe (as now) from orbit. Image | Google (Via Alexluck), United States Naval Institute In Xataka | Satellite images have discovered something: China is building the largest military center on the planet In Xataka | Satellite images leave little doubt: China is building a mysterious ship, and has an unusual size

In 1953 the United States decided to put a naval base in Rota. Now the installation looks at your future with uncertainty

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When Europe spoke weeks ago of rearme There were a series of news that attest to the situation. First it was Germany through the Almighty Rheinmetall and With Volkswagen In the “helping” equation, then even Spain with a component factory in the Basque Country. In France, a Cold War Plan to “diversify” your nuclear umbrella. And if none of these proposals went ahead, Europe would always have the Naval Rota base in Spain. Until now. Uncertainty at a key point. The story was told this morning The Financial Times. In the quiet coastal town of Rota, to the south of Spain, the imposing presence of American destroyers breaks the idyllic postcard. This old agricultural town houses today The naval base most important in the United States in Europe, the key piece of the antimile shield that protects the continent. It happens that something seems to have changed this part for a while. He had promised a sixth boat in 2022, but Donald Trump’s re -election has fired the alarms about an imminent American troops cutin line with its narrative that Europe must stop depending from Washington for your safety. In numbers, this “restlessness” reaches the close ones 84,000 deployed soldiers In at least 38 European bases, all inheritance of World War II, but whose continuity is now questioned. Broken, symbol and vulnerability. Rota’s base was the fruit of A signed pact In 1953 between Dwight Eisenhower and Franco. That agreement today is a complex of strategic dimensions that includes air track, three docks and the largest weapons and fuel installation of the pentagon in Europe. Its location, near the Strait of Gibraltar, makes it a fundamental node for Project military power towards the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East. In addition, its official status as a Spanish naval installation “Joint use” It forces the United States to coordinate certain movements with Madrid, which adds a layer of complexity to its operation. However, the FT said that for many US military, broken is considered little less than A dream destination Due to its high quality of life and a local economy deeply influenced by the base: two thirds of the city’s economic activity depend on it, and Spanish companies such as Navantia maintain millionaire contracts With the United States Navy. The aircraft carrier of the Spanish Navy Dedal The Trump factor. But as we said, the idyllic postcard seems to be living an era of uncertainty with Trump’s re -election. The contradictory signals from Washington have sown restlessness. While Secretary of State Marco Rubio described as “hysteria” Rumors about possible cuts, Defense Secretary Pete Heghseth warned that American protection It would not be eternal. Worry. The concern is that, before any disagreement (here the fan is broad, from commercial reprisals, European support to Ukraine or the rejection of geopolitical proposals such as the Acquisition of Greenland), Trump can decide to drastically reduce military deployment in Europe, even unilaterally. The tycoon now He has shown disdain for the historical commitments of NATO and has frequently folvado the Scarce spending in defense of its European partners, being Spain One of the most lagging. In addition, President Pedro Sánchez has confronted Trump on various fronts, since his recent Posture about China until His sentence to the Israeli offensive in Gaza, which raises the political risk for the base of rota. Europe without shield. If we stick to numbers, Rota base currently houses 2,800 American soldiersincluding units at sea, and its fleet of destroyers (endowed with these systems to intercept ballistic missiles) represents a mobile capacity without equivalent in Europe. Although fixed pitchers from Poland and Romania could assume part of the Antimisile shield, the European Navy lacks A real alternative to the power of US ships parked in Spain. Hence NATO, although nominally owner of the system, depends largely on Military infrastructure of the United States for collective defense. The European strategy, for now, has consisted of gaining military independence gradually, but is still far from being able to fill the void that would leave an abrupt American replication. Again, That rearme acquires more importance. Alternatives: Morocco. In the face of the possibility of a break, The FT had that some voices suggest that the United States could transfer part of its operations To Moroccocountry that reinforced its link with the Trump administration by normalizing relations with Israel in 2020. With less politically compromised facilities and greater diplomatic harmony, Morocco would be outlined as a possible logistical replacement for Rota. Moreover, apparently, from The Foreign Policy Research Institute They warn that, if the Spanish government overestimates its strategic value or underestimate the level of irritation which can generate in Trump, the consequences could be immediate and deep. Uncertain future. So things, and although for now the base It continues to expand and receiving investments, the rumors of cuts fly over the installation. The American media commented that American residents in rota try Keep calm And, meanwhile, Europe observes with restlessness a situation that transcends local geopolitics and raises an existential dilemma for the continental defense itself. The transition to a greater self -sufficiency European defensive, now, it seems more pronounced than ever, but while that mature or becomes effective transformation, the shadow of an unexpected turn under Trump’s second presidency looms over the Cadiz coast. At stake, the key piece of the antimile shield that protects the old continent. Image | Navy, Us Defenseimagery In Xataka | In the middle of the Cold War, France designed a nuclear rearme plan for Europe. Now sound strongly In Xataka | Europe before its time of truth: we have entered the era of “rearme” and the EU has a plan not to be behind

The US strategy before China’s unstoppable naval growth has an unexpected protagonist: Japan

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The United States has been lagging behind in a field that previously dominated with iron fist. Its Marina fleet (sub) has been reduced to the same time as its budget. While China, Russia or even North Korea have been developing A new type of “war” Under the sea giving special importance to the “nuclear” theme in the UUV, Washington was still paralyzed. He Arctic case It is another perfect example. Perhaps for this reason, the approach has turned radically: Japan. Japan as an example. Before the growing Maritime Power of China And the difficulties facing the naval industry of the United States, Congress is evaluating the possibility of Adopt the Japanese model of constant production of submarines. Unlike the American system, where the amount of built vessels varies annually according to the budget, Japan (next to South Korea) has maintained for decades a production rate of A submarine per yearan approach that has provided stability to its naval industry and cost efficiency. The Naval Congress Specialist, Ronald O’Rourke, presented this model at a hearing of the Subcommittee for the Projection of Forces and Maritime Power of the House of Representatives, arguing that the Japanese strategy allows to maintain an constant acquisition rate Without affecting the total size of the fleet. Instead of increasing production, Japan manages the number of submarines in service through the extension of its useful life. The success of the Japanese model. To understand the formula we must go back in time. For decades, Japan has followed this strategy for protect your maritime interestsespecially in the soybeans, Tsugu and Tsushima, key routes where Russian and Chinese ships travel. Initially, its fleet consisted of 16 operational submarines and two training, but in 2010 it extended its objective to 22 submarines without increasing productionsimply prolonging your service time from 16 to 22 years. There is another key: the Japanese system allows Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries alternate the manufacture of submarineswhich avoids fluctuations in the workload of the shipyards and guarantees the maintenance of a highly specialized workforce. This strategy has caused the Japanese naval industry to be efficient, competitive and adaptable to changes in defense needs without generating extra costs or logistic problems. In front of the US decline. On the other sidewalk we have Washington. While Japan maintains its stability in naval production, the United States Navy faces A worrying scenario. The construction of your ships has become increasingly expensive and slowand the data corroborates it, since the total cost of the 46 ships currently under construction was tripled in a single year, from 3.4 billion to 10.4 billion dollars. But there is more. The aircraft carriers, which used to take 8 years to build, now They require 11 years. Here, China is advancing on the right too, As we explain. The attack submarines, whose construction took six years in the 2000s, now take nine. Even the Navy faces the shortage of personnel, both in the shipyards and in the crews, which further aggravates delays. All challenges that make the option of adopting the Japanese approach or that of South Korea, two of the world’s largest naval builders, win traction in Washington, especially when the number of US attack submarines is on the way to decrease in the coming yearswhich could affect the balance of power in the Pacific. Japan as a strategic complement. All this leads us to the proposal of Congress. In addition, the strengthening of the Japanese underwater fleet not only reinforces Tokyo’s defense, but also benefits the United States By having a better prepared ally in the region. O’Rourke pointed out that if Japan decided to expand its fleet to 30 submarines, it could do it maintaining its current production rate and extending the useful life of their vessels at 30 years. The recent delivery of RAIGEI Submarineof the Taigei class, by Kawasaki Heavy Industries to the Japan Ministry of Defense, it is a sample of the efficiency of the system we are talking about. Mitsubishi did the same with him Jingei submarinereflecting a constant production scheme that contrasts with the problems of the American naval industry. The challenge in an uncertain political context. While the Japanese model offers clear solutions, its implementation in the United States is not so simple. The main reason? The American system depends on annual budget negotiationswhat generates fluctuations in naval production and hinders long -term planning. In addition, political and economic uncertainty, including possible commercial restrictions and Threat of new tariffs On the part of the Trump administration, they could further complicate any attempt to stabilize the industry. Thus, the things already measure that competition with China in the maritime field intensifies, the US Congress is forced to reconsider its naval construction strategy. Adopting the Japanese model could represent a viable solution to improve efficiency, reduce costs and ensure that the Navy keeps its position on the global stage. A complicated equation that would require deep structural changes In the way in which the country finances and manages its industry, a challenge that is yet to be resolved. Image | Tom Dennison In Xataka | The US Navy faces an unprecedented threat: China, Russia and North Korea are developing a new type of underwater war In Xataka | Eight Rompehielos have turned Russia into the power of the Arctic. Your secret: Nuclear force to operate all year

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